UA2012 Spotlights for SAB, student version (1)

Write a “T” if the statement is true; write “F” if the statement is false.. The first Indians removed to Indian Territory were forcibly removed in manacles and chains.. The Chickasaws pu

This section contains worksheets for Spotlights on five historic events and 11 articles on places and groups of people

Your textbook also includes biographies of famous Oklahomans

At the end of this section, there are guidelines for writing essays about them

Tulsa Race Riot

Places and Groups of People

Native Americans in the 20th Century

Oklahoma City Thunder

Outlaws and Lawmen

Route 66

Women with the Pioneer Spirit

Biographies

David BorenGarth BrooksKit CarsonKristin Chenoweth Angie DeboRalph EllisonVince GillWoody GuthrieAllan HouserReba McEntireTom PalmoreFrank Phillips

T Boone PickensWiley PostWilliam S PrettymanAlice Mary RobertsonWill RogersSequoyahCarrie UnderwoodStand WatieJimmy WebbCharles Banks WilsonThese lists are alphabetical

The Table of Contents lists Spotlights in the order they appear

SPOTLIGHT: THE TRAIL OF TEARS

I TRUE OR FALSE Write a “T” if the statement is true; write “F” if the statement is false.

1 To the Indian, his homeland was holy ground

2 Rather than withdrawing to the west, the Five Civilized Tribes adopted the ways of the white man. 3 The Five Civilized Tribes refused to become farmers

4 The Indians in the Southeast were victims of illegal land seizures and yet had no redress in the courts. 5 The Cherokees were the first tribe to remove to Indian Territory

6 The first Indians removed to Indian Territory were forcibly removed in manacles and chains

7 The removal decree allotted one blanket for each Indian family

8 There were no protests from white people who saw the sufferings of the Indians during the removals. 9 The thousands of Indian exiles were victims of one disaster after another

10 After learning about the early removal disasters, several thousand Choctaws in Mississippi refused to

emigrate

11 The Chickasaws were the most primitive of the Five Civilized Tribes

12 The Chickasaws were kinsmen of the Cherokees

13 The Chickasaws purchased land in Indian Territory from the Choctaws but refused to be governed

by the Choctaw Nation

14 Alabama law forbade an Indian’s word from being entered into court against the word

of a white man

15 A minor Creek uprising successfully delayed removal for the Creeks

16 Many Creeks were manacled and linked together with chains and then marched westward with their

women and children trailing behind

17 Some Creek warriors fought against the Seminoles

18 Stand Watie was the Cherokee leader with the greatest amount of tribal support

19 The Seminoles were less inclined to fight for their land because it was swampland and practically

worthless

20 After the removal, not a single Seminole was left in the Southeast

II CIRCLE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

21 By the time the Creeks completed the removal, they had lost nearly 40 10 percent of their tribe.

22 The wealthiest of the Five Civilized tribes were the Creeks Chickasaws .

23 Cherokee law ordered prison death for anyone signing away Cherokee lands.

24 The Chickasaws were well-known for their arts and crafts horses and cattle.

25 It was easy hard to convince the Seminoles to leave Florida.

III MAP On the map below, identify the states where each of the Five Civilized Tribes originally lived Using

colored pencils, mark the removal routes of each of the tribes Use RED for Cherokees, BLUE for Creeks, GREEN for Chickasaws, ORANGE for Choctaws, and PURPLE for Seminoles

SPOTLIGHT: INDIAN BOARDING SCHOOLS

I CIRCLE THE ANSWER If more than one answer is correct, circle all the correct answers.

1 The article concentrates on schools in

2 The federal government began off-reservation boarding schools in

3 Lucy Toledo and Bill Wright say the schools emphasized

education learning a trade arts and crafts

4 The schools also emphasized

discipline punishment self-expression

5 What prevents smaller tribes from running their own schools?

interest budget or finance political organization

II FILL IN THE BLANKS

6 Which Indian Nation has the country’s largest reservation?

7 The national graduation rate for American Indians is about _ percent.

8 The head of American Indian Studies at a university says that, to “erase and replace” Native culture, schools changed “everything” about the students She names six aspects of culture They are:

_

9 Who or what began taking over the schools in the past few decades?

10 Hershel Martinez does something in Sherman High School that shows how the school has changed

What does he do?

11 Steve Yankton says life at school can still be tough because of

_

12 According to the book, where was a boarding school in this state?

SPOTLIGHT:

THE RUN OF ’89

I TRUE OR FALSE? Put ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if the statement is false.

_ 1 During the 19th century, Indian Territory was a kind of “dumping ground.”

_ 2 Many Indians among the Five Civilized Tribes owned slaves

_ 3 Cattle drives across Indian Territory began long before the Civil War

_ 4 All Indians from all tribes opposed opening any land in Indian Territory for settlement

_ 5 The Boomer Movement was a loose organization of pro-settlement people

_ 6 No women were allowed to file land claims

_ 7 No African-American people were allowed to file land claims

_ 8 The east bank of the South Canadian River was the dividing line between Indian Territory and the

Unassigned Lands

_ 9 Would-be homesteaders were not allowed to ride trains into the land to be opened for settlement. _ 10 Taking part in the Run was often dangerous

_ 11 Only about one in ten who took part in the Run actually won a claim

12 Sooner activity ceased after the Run of ’89

_ 13 The Panhandle became a kind of battle ground between cattlemen and outlaws

_ 14 Many homesteaders built homes from sod

II If you wanted cheap land, which of the land distributions would you have participated in? Why?

_

THE DUST BOWL

I CIRCLE THE ANSWER If more than one answer is right, circle all the correct ones.

1 There were dust storms before, but the first of the Black Blizzards happened in the year

2 A dust storm might include changes in

wind visibility temperature

3 How many Okies left the state after 1935?

almost a million almost two million more than 2-1/2 million

4 Farmers had to deal with swarms of

ants grasshoppers bees

5 An illness that caused thousands of children and older people to die was called

II FILL IN THE BLANK

6 The president during the Dust Bowl years was

SPOTLIGHT: TULSA RACE RIOT

I CIRCLE THE ANSWER If more than one answer is right, circle more than one.

1 The Tulsa Race Riot happened in

2 To control the riot, Tulsa used

police National Guard infantry

3 On May 31, a mob of about 2000 white men gathered

at the train station at the Drexel Building at the courthouse

4 A white church group and some white employers tried to do this

chase the victims protect the victims warn the victims

5 How many city blocks of homes burned?

II FILL IN THE ANSWER

8 According to the text, how many black people lost their homes?

9 When officers disarmed the white people, where did they send the white people?

12 In 2001 a commission recommended reparations, scholarship, economic development, and a memorial What

do you think those recommendations are supposed to do?

_

_

SPOTLIGHT: THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN EXPERIENCE

I TRUE or FALSE Use “T’ if the statement is true; use “F” is the statement is false.

1 An African-American man named Paul accompanied Jacob Fowler on his expedition into what

later became Indian Territory

2 The painter, George Catlin, reported that he did not see a single African-American woman or man

on his travels

3 There were often bad feelings between African-Americans and Indians

4 Often Indians were hired to catch runaway slaves

5 Throughout the Civil War, the Union Army refused to accept African-American recruits

6 In 1866, the United States Congress passed an act providing for six African-American regiments

in the regular United States Army

7 General George Custer was one of those who refused to serve with African- American regiments. 8 The first African-American man to graduate from West Point served with the 10th Calvary, which

served in Indian Territory

9 Even before the Civil War, African-Americans in Indian Territory were, mostly, free men

10 Bill Pickett, the famous African-American rodeo performer, invented the sport of bulldogging. 11 Pickett’s way of throwing the calves is still being used by rodeo cowboys today

12 None of the trail crews on cattle drives had African-American cowboys among their crews

13 Buffalo soldiers helped to patrol the Unassigned Lands and to keep Sooners out of the lands that

were to be opened for settlement

14 Ike Rogers and Bass Reeves were famous black outlaws

15 Edward McCabe opposed an African-American state

16 The first bill that came before the Oklahoma Senate was a “Jim Crow” measure that segregated

the races in transportation

17 Even though the races were segregated, African-American teachers were paid as much as whites

and African-American schools received as much money as did the white schools

18 Legislation called the “Grandfather Clause” denied voting privileges to African-American citizens. 19 State leaders did not cease their efforts to deny voting rights to African-American citizens until

after World War II

20 By 1970, nearly 80% of Oklahoma’s African-American citizens still lived on small rural farms.

II CIRCLE THE ANSWER.

21 A prominent African-American leader who helped the NAACP to develop as a major force against

discrimination was the editor of the Tulsa Tribune the Black Dispatch in OKC

22 Both African-American and white communities respected disliked Roscoe Dunjee

23 “Alfalfa Bill” Murray was was not Roscoe Dunjee’s supporter and friend

24 African-Americans were were not allowed to serve on juries from the time of statehood

25 When Katz Drug Store ended discrimination at its lunch counters, the sit-ins stopped did not stop.

26 The Ada Lois Sipuel case changed did not change barriers of discrimination in higher education

27 In 1963, Federal Judge Luther Bohanon ruled that the Oklahoma City Public Schools were

truly integrated not truly integrated

28 Public school integration in Oklahoma began in 1955 1970.

29 Hannah Atkins wrote a law to require lunch immunization for children in public schools.

30 The first African-American man elected to the state Senate was E Melvin Porter Charles Atkins.

SEQUOYAH

TRUE or FALSE Use “T’ if the statement is true; use “F” is the statement is false.

1 Sequoyah was a full-blood Cherokee

2 Sequoyah spoke Cherokee, English, and French

3 Sequoyah was among the Western Cherokees who moved to Arkansas

before the forced removals

4 Sequoyah began work on a written Cherokee language before he moved

west

5 A willing learner is usually able to read and write the Cherokee language

in just a few days

6 The Cherokee alphabet has fewer symbols (or letters) than the English

alphabet

7 Sequoyah’s Cherokee alphabet is no longer in use today

8 Eastern and Western Cherokees sent messages across the miles to each other

9 At one time, Sequoyah lived near the road between Fort Gibson and Fort Smith

10 Name three obstacles or problems that made Sequoyah’s success remarkable

_ _

STAND WATIE

I TRUE or FALSE Use “T’ if the statement is true; use “F” is the statement is false.

1 Stand Watie believed removal was inevitable for the Cherokees and tried to arrange the

best conditions possible

2 Stand Watie and Elias Boudinot were brothers

3 The long feud between Cherokees involved full-blood and mixed-blood families

4 Once the tribe was in Indian Territory, the inter-tribal troubles and killings stopped

5 John Ross led the full-blood faction of the Cherokees

6 Of the four leaders who opposed Ross, Stand Watie was the only one who was not assassinated. 7 Watie was an enthusiastic supporter of the Southern cause

8 Watie confined his warfare to Indian Territory

9 Watie and his Cherokee soldiers lost more battles than they won

10 Watie was one leader of a successful raid on Fort Smith

II FILL IN THE BLANKS.

11 Before the Civil War, what did Watie try to negotiate with John Ross? _

12 What did Watie’s brother, Buck, do for a living?

13 Watie’s soldiers outnumbered the Union forces but did not have the

to win their battles.

14 The most important Civil War battle in Indian Territory happened about 12 miles from Muskogee at a place

called _.

SPOTLIGHT:

WILL ROGERS, OKLAHOMA’S FAVORITE SON

I TRUE or FALSE Use “T’ if the statement is true; use “F” if it is false.

_ 1 Will Rogers was part Cherokee Indian

_ 2 To reach Argentina, Will Rogers had to go from New Orleans, back to

Galveston, then to New York, and finally, by way of Liverpool, England

_ 3 His return trip from Argentina was even longer and more circuitous than his trip to the Argentine. _ 4 He got his start in show business in Argentina

_ 5 Will Rogers went to Africa and Australia before he returned home

_ 6 His friend, Dick Parris, stayed with him throughout his travels around the world

_ 7 Rogers was good in the Wild West Shows but was a failure in Vaudeville

_ 8 Rogers did not like politicians and often made fun of them

_ 9 Rogers was called the “Patron Saint of Aviation.”

_ 10 Will Rogers realized the commercial importance of aviation but never saw the military possibilities. _ 11 Will Rogers was killed in a plane crash in Alaska

_ 12 Rogers would not have gone on that last flight had he known that the plane would fly over Siberia

II WRITING A young man from another state is visiting Oklahoma He has asked you, “Why was Will Rogers

so famous?” How could you answer his question so that he would understand who Will Rogers was and why he was important?

_

SPOTLIGHT:

MISSIONARIES

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1 Christian missionaries included Presbyterians, Methodists, _ and

.

2 Samuel Worcester tried to translate the Bible into the .

3 An early convert to Christianity became a Choctaw chief and superintendent of the

_

4 The first textbook published in Indian Territory was for _ schools.

5 A Baptist missionary, opposed to slavery, influenced Chief before the Civil War

6 The Society of Friends, or Quakers, worked among _ tribes.

7 Many missionaries tried to get rid of Indian _.

8 In the early years after removal, two tribes, ,

opposed mission efforts

9 Based on your textbook, name two Western tribes who resisted the teaching of the missionaries:

_

10 The first church in Indian Territory was called .

SPOTLIGHT:

AUTOGRAPH ROCK

CIRCLE THE ANSWER OR FILL IN THE BLANK

1 Which part of the state is Cold Springs Creek in?

2 It was a popular rest spot on the

Mountain Route Cimarron Route Arkansas Route

3 The travelers came from as far as Texas Mexico Canada.

4 The climate in the region is damp mild dry

5 What are the bluffs (around the springs) made of? _

6 Evidence shows that the Santa Fe trail often followed Indian trails from

_ to another

7 The oldest date on Autograph Rock is .

8 Who was F.B Delgado?

9 What trail is Autograph Rock on? (5 words) _

10 There are definitely at least 300 500 700 names on the rocks in the area

SPOTLIGHT: MEN OF PEACE

I TRUE or FALSE Use “T’ if the statement is true; use “F” is the statement is false.

1 The Kiowas called 1833 the “year of the cutthroat massacre” because it was

the year when Osage warriors massacred many of their tribe

_ 2 Indians traded land in the East for an equal amount of land in the West

_ 3 The white man thought the Indian was a barrier to progress

Chief Kickingbird

_ 4 Major Edward W Wynkoop was a trusted white man among the Plains Indians

5 Major Wynkoop and Chief Black Kettle were personal friends

6 Chief Roman Nose was a great leader despite his short stature and his warlike attitude

7 At the meeting at Medicine Lodge Creek, Black Kettle was the only Indian chief allowed to speak. _ 8 Wynkoop angrily denounced Custer’s massacre of the Southern Cheyennes at the Battle of

the Washita

_ 9 General Sherman also denounced Custer’s role in the Battle of the Washita

10 Kickingbird was known as the “Orator of the Plains.”

11 Kickingbird tried to convince the Kiowas that they had to adapt or die

12 The peace that Kickingbird sought came to the Kiowas soon after his death

13 The Ponca Chief Standing Bear had to prove in court that Indians are human beings

14 Although Standing Bear won his court case, the judge and the white audience were against him. 15 Standing Bear was forced to bury his son on the Ponca lands in Indian Territory

II EXPLAIN Read about the Battle of the Washita, then answer these questions.

1 What difficulties did Major Wynkoop face when he tried to defend Black Kettle?

SPOTLIGHT: OUTLAWS AND LAWMEN

I TRUE or FALSE Use “T’ if the statement is true; use “F” is the statement is false.

_ 1 Bill Doolin was killed by U.S Deputy Marshal Heck Thomas

_ 2 “Bitter Creek” was the place where the Doolin Gang hid from the law

_ 3 All of the Dalton Brothers were killed in Coffeyville, Kansas,

when they tried to rob two banks at the same time Belle Starr

_ 4 The Dalton Gang was also called the “Wild Bunch.”

_ 5 Bill Tilghman had once been a government scout during the Cheyenne-Arapaho War of 1874. _ 6 Bill Tilghman was once marshal of Dodge City, Kansas

_ 7 Bill Doolin had the chance to kill Tilghman but refused to shoot Tilghman in the back

_ 8 To add to his fame as a lawman, Tilghman wanted to shoot and kill Bill Doolin himself

_ 9 None of the famous lawmen or outlaws were African American

_ 10 “Cherokee Bill” was a member of the Cook Gang

_ 11 Ned Christie was probably innocent of the charge of murdering U.S Deputy Marshal

Daniel Maples

_ 12 Belle Starr often dressed as a man and called herself “Tom King.”

_ 13 Belle Starr was the only outlaw who was a woman during the outlaw days in Indian Territory. _ 14 Belle Starr was a beautiful woman

_ 15 Belle Starr died from being shot in the back by an unknown assailant