Welcome to Cape Town, South Africa and the 33rd International Congress of Military History

in this issue International Congress info 1-3 Nominees for election 3-4 International news 5-7 Military History news around the US 8-10 Members News & Obituaries 10-11 Officers & Tru

The USCMH is affiliated with

the International Commission

of Military History and takes

part in its projects and

programs, including

contributions to its publication

program (mainly the

International Bibliography of

Military History) and

participating in the annual

international meetings

in this issue

International Congress info 1-3

Nominees for election 3-4

International news

5-7

Military History news

around the US

8-10

Members News & Obituaries

10-11

Officers & Trustees 11

New Members 11

MADRID CONFERENCE

Welcome to Cape Town, South Africa and the 33rd International Congress of Military

History

Dr Thean Potgieter, Secretary-general, South African Military History Commission

“THE BALL IS NOW IN OUR COURT!” This year, from 12 - 17 August, it will be South Africa’s turn to host the prestigious congress of the International Commission of Military History (ICMH) in Cape Town We expect delegates from more than 30 countries will participate in the congress Among the delegates will be military officers, distinguished military historians,

professors of military science, and military archivists

Participants will come from the armed forces, universities and military academies, research institutes, non-governmental international organizations, and the international diplomatic community

The examination of conflict and war and its interaction with society are crucial for understanding and managing the security environment The Congress theme is “Regions, Regional

Organizations and Military Power.” Academic sessions will include presentations on regional organizations, military power and military intervention, regional security and peace

operations, regional alliances, regional and multi-national forces, threats to regional security as well as regional conflicts and international coalitions In addition three special panels will explore the themes of international support for liberation struggles, the international reaction to the crisis in Rwanda, and recent literature pertaining to the study of war and conflict

June 2007

It is befitting that scholars, military officers, and participants should discuss these themes

in Africa We expect substantial South African and African participation in the 2007 Congress The African voice should be heard on podiums such as these, and Africa must take its rightful position

in the international community

For all ICMH Congress participants a number of receptions, tours, and visits to national sites will complement the academic program Congress delegates and their accompanying persons will, amongst other visits, go to Robben Island, Castle of Good Hope, Cape Point, Simon’s Town,

Stellenbosch and a wine estate A full program has been organized for the accompanying

persons and it includes visits to Cape Town museums, the Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens, a Cape Township, the West Coast Fossil Park, and the beautiful West Coast National Park Cape Town is one of the most beautiful cities in the world

The three previous ICMH Congresses took place in Morocco (Rabat), Spain (Madrid) and Germany (Potsdam) In 2008 the ICMH Congress will be held in Trieste, Italy The 2007 ICMH Congress in Cape Town is the first time that the international meeting of military historians will

be held in sub-Sahara Africa It is therefore an honour for South Africa to host the congress The South African Military History Commission (SAMHC), the ICMH’s regional chapter, was established

in 2004 by the Chief of the South African National Defense Forces Major General L.S Mollo serves as president The 2007 congress is organized by the South African Military History

Commission and the Faculty of Military Science, Military Academy, University of Stellenbosch As such it represents cooperation between Stellenbosch University and the Department of Defense The congress will take place at the BOE-Nedbank Conference Facility at the Cape Town

Waterfront The congress hotels are the Table Bay, Commodore and Victoria and Alfred Luxury self-catering apartments, as well as more basic accommodation, are also available

The 2007 ICMH Congress in Cape Town is seen as part of the build-up for South Africa hosting the 2010 Soccer World Cup In the light of the great interest in the international world cup matches that will be staged across South Africa, much emphasis has been placed on the capability of the nation and the city to host this international congress of military history in 2007 When the 2006 ICMH Congress in Potsdam concluded, the German National Commission

presented Major General Mollo with a genuine World Cup football as a symbolic gesture “THE BALL IS NOW IN OUR COURT!”

All national commission members and accompanying persons who are interested in

participating in the 2007 Cape Town ICMH Congress can gain more information from the website, www.cihm.ac.za or e-mail specific questions to the staff at:

cihm2007@ma2.sun.ac.za, cihm@ma2.sun.ac.za, or thean@ma2.sun.ac.za

U.S Commission sends delegation to ICMH Congress in Cape Town

Pat Harahan, Secretary-general

USCMH President John Lynn and ICMH Vice-president Allan Millett will lead the U.S

Commission’s delegation to Cape Town in August Due to the distance and expense, the U.S delegation to the meeting in South Africa will not be a large as past congresses Nevertheless the group of hearty travelers has volunteered to go to the Cape of Good Hope and nearby local pubs for the sake of the larger organization

The U.S Commission will be represented at the ICMH Congress in Cape Town by members presenting three papers Ambassador David Rawson will speak on: “Contesting for Peace: Peace Keepers and the Rwandan Peace Process, 1990-1994.” William P Alberque and Pat Harahan will present a joint paper, entitled: “Africa’s Deadly Harvest: The Cold War Proxy Arsenals of Small Arms and Light Weapons and their Use in Sub-Sahara Africa, 1989-2006.” Willard C Frank will give a paper on “The Nylon Agreement of 1937: Mediterranean Security and the Coming of the Second World War.”

Nominees for USCMH Officers in 2007 Elections

The USCMH Nominating Committee, composed of Dean Allard, Chair, Robin Higham, and Joe Guilmartin, has recommended the following slate of officers for 2007-2009 The

information below contains a brief biography of each nominee Later this summer, all USCMH members will be sent a ballot for the election

President: Hans S Pawlisch

Hans Pawlisch earned a doctorate in history at King’s College, the University of London and

taught at Queen’s University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and American Military University As a military historian with the Department of Defense, he has served as the command historian for the United States Central Command and since 1993, as chief, Joint Operational History Branch in the Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

He has written numerous classified annual histories and studies concerning military operations in the Middle East and Africa Professionally, he has been active with the American Historical

Association and the U.S Commission Currently, Hans is the commission’s vice president, having previously served as treasurer He is active in the Irish Legal History Society and the Military History Society of Ireland

Vice President (one person will be elected) James K Hogue, Kenneth McDonald

Jim Hogue graduated from West Point, received a US Army commission, and served with a

variety of combat units in Europe in the 1980s Following graduate school at Ohio State and Princeton, he is now an associate professor of history at the University of North Carolina at

Charlotte From 1998-1999, he was a post-doctoral fellow at the Woodrow Wilson School of International and Public Affairs seminar on “Civil Wars and their Resolutions.” In 2006, he

published Uncivil War: Five New Orleans Street Battles and the Rise and Fall of Radical Reconstruction Currently, he is the USCMH’s representative to the ICMH Bibliographic

Committee He has attended and presented papers at several ICMH Congresses

Ken McDonald Before he served as CIA’s Chief Historian, 1981-1995, Ken was a professor of

history and international affairs at the George Washington University and held the Nimitz and King Chairs at the US Naval War College For the US Commission he has served as a trustee and nominating committee member, raised money for and contributed a chapter to its 1990 Revue Internationale d’Histoire Militaire, and participated in several recent ICMH international

congresses His latest publications (as co-author) are Did Intelligence Matter in the Cold War? (2006) and US Intelligence Community Reform Studies since 1947 (2003) After

graduating from Yale he served four years as an infantry officer in the US Marine Corps before earning BLitt and DPhil degrees from Oxford

Trustees: (four will be elected) Bianka J Adams, Jeffrey J Clarke, Willard C Frank, Jr., Diane Gordon, John F Guilmartin, Jr., Joseph P Harahan, Ann Von Luttichau, Edward J Marolda

Bianka Adams is an historian at the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Before joining the

agency, she served as an historian at the U.S Army Center of Military History The author of

forthcoming book, The Denazification of Bremen, Germany, 1945-1947 (2008), she has

published articles dealing with U.S Army in World War II and the U.S military government in postwar Germany and Austria Dr Adams presented a paper at the recent ICMH Congress in Potsdam, Germany

Jeffery Clarke is director of the U.S Army Center for Military History He received his MA and

PhD in history from Duke University, served as a combat historian in Vietnam, and has been a research and writing historian at the U.S Army's Center of Military History (CMH) since 1971

Dr Clarke became the chief historian in 1991, and the center’s director in 2006 He has also been a member of the US Commission on Military History since its inception, serving as a

trustee, and attending many ICMH Congresses

Willard Frank retired as a professor of history at Old Dominion University in 2005 The

author of many articles and an edited book, Soviet Doctrine from Lenin to Gorbachev, he

has continued teaching as an adjunct professor at the U.S Naval War College For the US

Commission, Dr Frank was instrumental in organizing and conducting the US-sponsored 2003 ICMH Congress in Norfolk He has participated in several ICMH Congresses and has served as

a US Commission Trustee (2005-2007)

Diane Gordon is an adjunct associate professor of history at the University of Maryland

University College She holds the doctorate in classics from the University of

Wisconsin-Madison Dr Gordon was the first woman to lead a discussion at the Military Classics

Seminar, which the USCMH now cosponsors She has published book reviews in Classical

Journal and Classical World As a USCMH member, she has participated in the last five

international colloquia of the International Commission on Military History

Joe Guilmartin is a professor of history at Ohio State University Following graduation from US

Air Force Academy he had a distinguished career flying rescue helicopters in Southeast Asia, then serving on the USAF faculty, and throughout his career in articles and books, shaping air doctrine and concepts He has written extensively on military and naval history and the theory

of war, including Gunpowder and Galleys (1974, 2003) Historical Chronology of the

Space Shuttle, and with John Mauer, a 5-volume series America in Vietnam With the

USCHM, he has attended and presented paper at ICMH Congresses, served as a trustee, and been a member of numerous committees

Pat Harahan is a senior historian with the Department of Defense The author of several

histories of arms control treaties and nuclear weapons development, he is currently writing a history of the U.S post-Cold War cooperative programs to reduce nuclear, chemical, and

biological weapons in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Belarus For the US Commission, he served as vice president (1999-2002), trustee (‘03-‘06), and secretary-general (’06-present)

Ann von Luttichau is a lawyer in Washington, DC with a long association with the U.S

Commission She has served as the commission’s attorney since 1985; a trustee in the

1990s; chair of the by-laws revision committee 1996-1997; a member and chair of the

nominating committee 1998-1999; treasurer, membership director and assistant to the

secretary-general from 1980 - 1992; assistant organizer and archivist for the 1975 and 1982 ICMH Congresses in the U.S.; and a participant at 14 ICMH congresses

Ed Marolda is the Senior Historian and Chief, Histories and Archives Division, Naval Historical

Center He has authored, coauthored, or edited nine books, including Shield and Sword: The United States Navy and the Persian Gulf War; and recently The U.S Navy in the Korean War As an international naval historian, he participated in meetings in Russia,

Germany, Italy, Greece, United Kingdom, France, Japan, and South Korea and ICMH

congresses in Belgium, Norfolk, Romania, Morocco, and Germany For the US Commission, Ed has been an active member, serving as chair of the nominating committee

International Military History News and Activities

News from the British Commission for Military History

Michael Orr, Secretary-general

The British Commission for Military History was founded in 1968 as an affiliate of the International Commission for Military History, largely through the efforts of David Chandler and Christopher Duffy Beginning with a membership drawn from the Department of Military History

at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, the BCMH has expanded to a current strength of nearly

200 under the successive leadership of David Chandler, Professor Brian Bond and Professor Richard Holmes Members include those who work professionally in the field of military history, for example as university teachers or museum staff, and others who contribute actively to the development of military history in the UK, by writing and publishing or by playing a role in the organization of relevant societies

The Commission’s main activity is the organization of a number of conferences each year, usually one weekend and two one-day conferences Conferences themes sometimes relate to particular campaigns or military historical anniversaries, but more generally pursue a topic across several periods and types of warfare, encouraging the interchange of ideas between specialists In addition the Commission organizes an annual battlefield tour

All these activities are open to members and their guests A newsletter, Mars & Clio, is

sent to members three times a year in which conference papers are published, together with book reviews, conference announcements, short articles and commission news The Commission

has been responsible for three commercial publications in the last decade These books were collections of essays dealing with the First and Second World Wars In May 2007 the BCMH

launched a website primarily for communication among the membership but also offering a selection of the commission’s conference papers, news of forthcoming conferences, courses, publications & news of interest to the general public It is our intention to develop it as the

commission’s public face as a service to the members of the British public who have an interest

in military history without pursuing it at the professional or semi-professional level expected of Commission members ICMH members are cordially invited to visit the website

www.bcmh.org.uk/

ICMH members are also welcome to attend the Commission’s conferences The dates and themes of the 2007 Summer and Autumn Conferences are:

Summer Conference: “Powering War - Logistics and Operations”, 20-22 July, 2007, Queens’ College, Cambridge

Autumn Conference: “The Commemoration of War in the 21st Century” 17 November, 2007, The Gurkha Museum, Winchester

For details, please contact the British Commission for Military History, Secretary General, Mr Michael Orr, at secgen.bcmh@ntlworld.com

Netherlands Institute of Military History and the Militärgeschichtliches

Forschungsamt held conference on “Warfare in the Central Sector, 1948-1968”

Jan Hoffenaar, President, The Netherlands Commission of Military History

On 22 and 23 March 2007, military historians from Russia, the United States and Eastern and Western Europe convened to discuss the operational plans during the Cold War The

conference was an initiative by the Netherlands Institute of Military History (NIMH) and the Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt (MGFA) in Potsdam It took place in Münster, location of the Netherlands Defense Forces’ Zentrum für Niederlande-Studienthe 1 (GE/NL) Corps Headquarters This command supported the conference The conference focused on the plans for the Central Sector in Europe in the fifties and sixties For this time-period, the archives are accessible and it was a time when both sides were armed to the hilt and facing each other along the Iron Curtain

Prof Lawrence S Kaplan, the American ‘Grand Old Man’ of Cold War historical research, opened the conference with an overview of the most important international developments during the period Kaplan explained that it was very noticeable how strong the distrust between the two major powers (the United States and the Soviet Union) had been from the beginning Each action was seen as yet more evidence of the other’s bad intentions, instigating a costly conventional and nuclear arms race

It does not appear that the Soviet Union had offensive intentions It did, however, have plans to attack immediately (a strategic offensive) in the event of war and, from 1960 onward, to use nuclear weapons in the context of the Warsaw Pact This fact became clear from, among other things, the presentations by Colonel Dr Victor A Gavrilov (Chief, Division of Foreign Military History, Institute of Military History, Ministry of Defence, Moscow) and Dr Matthias Uhl

(Deutsches Historisches Institut, Moscow) When it became clear that the Americans were not going to leave Europe, the Soviet Union concentrated on retaining its spheres of influence in

Eastern Europe Soviet leaders’ recent memories, for example, the German invasion in 1941, had made them very distrustful If, according to Moscow, a war in the short-term became inevitable, then an offensive strike with all available resources was the best defense The most important military archives in Moscow are, incidentally, still kept tightly sealed What we do know of the operational plans stems from analyses of various military exercises, which were dug up here and there from the archives of former member states of the Warsaw Pact A prime example of this is the ‘Troika’ war game of the Nationale Volksarmee of the German Democratic Republic from

1967, which was analysed by Dr Torsten Diedrich of the MGFA

The NIMH historian Prof Jan Hoffenaar analysed intelligence gathering in the Warsaw Pact

He concluded that Soviet leaders in the Kremlin and in East Berlin knew full well that NATO had

no offensive intentions They did, however, uphold the image of an offensive adversary An

aggressive NATO suited the Marxist-Leninist world view And, as already mentioned, historical experiences also gave reason to maintain such an image of the enemy In addition, the Federal Republic of Germany’s accession to NATO in 1955 was less than reassuring to the Eastern bloc Last but not least, the Kremlin needed this negative view of the enemy in order to keep the Warsaw Pact intact

Various contributions from historians from different NATO countries focused on the

preparations for a potential military confrontation Dr Bruno Thoß (MGFA) provided a clear

overview of the development of NATO’s strategic and operational planning Lieutenant Colonel Dr Helmut Hammerich (MGFA), Dr Simon Marsh (Army Historical Branch, Ministry of Defence,

London), Lieutenant Colonel Dr Jean-Michel Sterkendries (Royal Military School, Brussels) and Jan Hoffenaar discussed the operational preparations of the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany, the United Kingdom, Belgium and the Netherlands respectively Each member state had its own specific interests, problems and solutions The well-known British intelligence

specialist Prof Richard J Aldrich of the University of Nottingham gave the audience a glimpse of the operational intelligence work on NATO’s side

The contribution of Dr Donald C Carter of the U.S Army Center of Military History in

Washington was also interesting He explained how differently the military commanders of the fifties (veterans of the Second World War) and those of the sixties viewed nuclear weapons The former found the use of these weapons, especially on the battlefield, to be self-explanatory while the latter, the generals of the sixties, saw the weapons first and foremost as a political deterrent

The enormous increase in the number of tactical nuclear weapons among the armed forces of both sides led to far-reaching reorganisations within those same armed forces Mobility, mechanisation, amouring and smaller independent units were key terms The NIMH historian Herman Roozenbeek illustrated clearly in his presentation how logistic development on the NATO side lagged behind this development in armament The phased advance of the allied line of defense – from the Rhine-IJssel line via the Weser-Fulda line to the Elbe River - was, incidentally,

at least as important a reason for the logistic arrears Prof Dimitrij Filippovyck (Head,

Department of Military History, Academy of Military Science, Ministry of Defense, Moscow) held

an interesting presentation on the question of how operational logistics adapted to nuclear warfare over the years

In closing the conference, Dr Gregory Pedlow (Chief Historical Office, Supreme

Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, Mons, Belgium) gave a well-balanced summary lecture All in all, the conference was very informative and contributed to enhancing our knowledge of the military aspects of the Cold War The contributions will be rewritten as articles and will be

published collectively in book form next year

The 2007 Bibliography of International Military History

Dimitry Queloz, editor (Switzerland)

Edition 28 of the Bibliography of International Military History (BIHM) contains 284

entries and will be published in July All being well, we will have the pleasure of presenting the bibliography to the presidents of the national commissions in August, during the ICMH Congress

in Cape Town The thematic essay in this edition has been realised by Professor Rudolf Jaun, of Zurich University and the Military Academy of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETHZ) This essay is an excellent complement to last year’s ICMH Congress in Potsdam, as it addresses the same theme: Nation State, Nationalism and the Military

It is the sad duty of the Bibliography Commission to inform you of the death of Colonel Jean Pariseau and of Allan Pearsall Colonel Pariseau of Canada was one of the founding members

of the bibliography Mr Pearsall was a member of our commission, and acted as correspondent for Great Britain until last year The Bibliography Commission is grateful for their efforts and involvement, and will cherish their memory

New Volume in the International Review of Military History Series

The Turkish Commission of Military History, led by Lt Gen Eyüp Kaptan, has published the

87th volume in the series, International Review of Military History (ISBN:

978-975-409-431-2) This volume, entitled “Peace at Home, Peace in the World,” contains 19 articles and it

presents an interesting overview of Turkish military history and the relationship between armed forces and society Topics include the Turkish army in the Ottoman period, Armenia, Military Archives, Korea, Cyprus, and the philosophy and the role of Kemal Atatürk Two articles are

dedicated to Ataturk as a soldier and statesman

Note: The USCMH Secretary-general received ten (10) copies of this review Any member who would like a copy, send a request via e-mail to Pat Harahan, Secretary-general, at harahan@verizon.net

Bulgarian Commission of Military History Announces an International

Conference in Sofia, Bulgaria, October 2007

Commemorating the 95th anniversary of the Balkan War of 1912-1913, the Bulgarian Commission of Military History, in coordination with the Military History Research Section, G S Rakovski Defense and Staff College, will organize in October 2007 in Sofia, Bulgaria, an

international conference The theme will be “Military Alliances and Coalitions in the 20th

Century.” Working languages for the international conference are English and Bulgarian

Participation fee for participants and for accompanying persons will be 50 Euros

Foreign participants are kindly invited to present papers and communications, as well as to participate in the discussions Three main topics will be a matter of discussion:

The Balkan Wars 1912-1913

Military Alliances 20th century up to 1990

Military Coalitions 20th century after 1990

For information contact Dr Dimitre Minchev, President, Bulgarian Commission of Military History, drminchev@yahoo.com

United States Military History News and Activities

U.S Commission Hosts Military Classics Seminar

Randy Papadopoulos, USCMH Trustee

As a new initiative, for the next two years the USCMH is co-hosting the Washington DC-based Military Classics Seminar Founded in 1958, this seminar is a dinner-and-speaker series held on the third Tuesday of the month at the Fort Myer Officers’ Club, in northern Virginia Each

of the Military Classics Seminars opens with a reception at 5:30 pm, followed by dinner at 6:30 and book presentation at 7:30 The cost for the evening is $28.00, including the dinner and gratuity The final book seminar for the season will be on June 19th 2007:

Laurence Stallings, The Doughboys

Speaker: Sanders Marble, Historian, Office of Medical History, U S Army

Society for Military History Meeting

Pat Harahan, USCMH Secretary-general

The Society for Military History (SMH) held its annual meeting in Frederick, Maryland from April 19-22 The meeting was co-hosted with the US Army Heritage and Cultural Center and the Catoctin Center for Regional Studies of the Frederick Community College The conference theme

“Crossroads of War” was sufficiently broad to encompass dozens of panels Since the Society of Military History is the largest and most vigorous professional organization for military historians

in the United States, many US Commission members participate in this organization and its annual meetings USCMH members who presented or commented on papers or chaired panels

at the meeting were: Hans Pawlisch, Bart Hacker, Margaret Vining, Sanders Marble, Richard DiNardo, Kelly DeVries, Ed Marolda, Brit McCarley, Charles Melson, Don Bittner, Randy

Papadopoulos, Ed Coss, Joe Guilmartin and Geoff Megargee

Dr Ciro Pioletti, Secretary-general of the Italian Commission of Military History, won a Society of Military History award for one of the best articles published in the Journal of Military History in 2006 Dr Pioletti’s article, “Prince Eugene of Savoy, the Toulon Expedition of 1707, and the English Historians - A Dissenting View”, was published in the October 2006 edition of the Journal of Military History

The US Commission took the opportunity at the SMH meeting to display its new brochure and posters The display explained the international activities, publications, and programs of the commission

US Naval History Center Workshop

On 12-14 June 2007, the Naval Historical Center hosted the tenth in its series of biennial naval history workshops These workshops foster the exchange of professional information and

promote mutual support among commands responsible for the Department of the Navy’s

historical programs

The theme of this year’s gathering, Naval History for the 21st Century, and the program committee developed an agenda that included panels and workshops on the following topics: how the military uses history; history in the field in Iraq; managing historical collections; the enlisted sailors and naval history; challenges of managing records; military museums and

exhibitions; marketing government histories; historical coverage of natural disaster operations; small historian shops serving large commands; museum educational programs and public

outreach; establishing a naval museum; innovative approaches to records preservation; and preserving the past through oral history Participants will include serving naval personnel and professional staff members from Navy, Marine Corps, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Coast Guard, Air Force, and Army historical, museum, archival, training and educational, art and artifact, and curatorial organizations; from the National Museum of American History, Library of Congress, and similar historically minded activities

Air Force History Conference

The Air Force Historical Foundation announces a symposium that will be held on

Tuesday-Wednesday, October 16-17, 2007, at the Sheraton Crystal City Hotel in Arlington, Virginia The theme for this biennial symposium will be: “The Evolution of Air and Space Power: Know the Past – Shape the Future.”

The program committee welcomes proposals for presentations which may encompass leadership, technology, doctrine, planning, operations, and roles and missions within any of three general themes:

1) War in the Shadows, including special operations, rescue missions, CSAR, and other low-intensity operations or operations at the lower end of the spectrum of conflict,

3) Conventional War, including air superiority operations, counter-air operations, close air support, airlift, and air-breathing ISR,

2) Space and Cyber War, including uses of space such as ISR, communications, and

navigation;

For information on the program, venue, and registration see the Air Force Historical

Foundation website www.afhistoricalfoundation.org

Conference of Army Historians

The U.S Army Center of Military History will hold its biennial Conference of Army Historians in the Washington, D.C., area from August 7-9, 2007 This biennial conference has traditionally

featured presentations on joint and combined military history as well as papers presented by civilian historians from government and academia As such, the Center invites all U.S Army historians, as well as members of the academic and international communities, to attend and present papers on the 2007 conference theme of “The U.S Army and Irregular Warfare, 1775-2007.” The Center of Military History intends to publish and widely distribute selected papers that reflect the best standards of academic research and writing Further information on the