Oxford english practice grammar ngữ pháp tiếng anh căn bản phần 2

1 told you before, 1'm going somevvhere else Do you like this programme^ No, it's .... Sh e cleans her teeth They live in a house I like my coffee He's digging the garden She painted

7 5 Adverbs (3): place, direction, sequence

1 \Ve Lise h e r e wiLh l h f m eaniiig ‘in cư to ihis

p l a c e / t h e p liic e \ v h c r t i h t sp e a k c T is':

/Ví' hecn Ìivitìg here for ĩhree' v-vưr.s.

CơrỉìL' hcrc, ỉ w anĩ To speak To you.

abroad (= in/to another couatry}, ahead,

away, back, dovviistairs/upstairsi in/out,

i n s i d e / o u t s i d e ( = in o r ơul ol' a b u iỉd i n g ),

le f t / r i y h l Uo say vvhere s o m e l h i n g is), to t h e

ỉ e f t / r i g h t ( f o r m o v e m c n t ) , a s f a r a s

Co straight on When yoư come to the traffỉc ỉiìịhts, turn ri^ht The road on the ỉeft ĩs the one ỵou want.

4 vvlicn wc talk abouí a n iim b c r o f actions or

H o ỉ l ư t u l

Practice

A Com plete the sentences with the corre ct adverb in brackets ( ).

► Joan lived (a b ro a d /a w a y) íor several years m o stly in the u s

1 We had to w ait (ouưoutside) unlil the Club opened,

2 Tm going (out/aw ay) now and ril be back in a b out an hour.

3 P ortunate ly there was a hospỉtal (nearby/sidevvays).

4 I w e n t (u p sta ir/u p sta ĩrs) and looked for the bathroom

5 The q ueue o f traffic slovvly m oved (forw ards/out).

6 W e ’re going (out/aw ay) for the vveekend.

7 G eorge has gone (out/aw ay) until the end of the w eek.

8 VVould you like to live (aw aỵ/abroad)?

I»AGE 162 • ADJEC’ I\/ES AND ADVERHS

nearby (a d j) /'n ia b a i/ ở vị trí gần, không xa

fo rtu n a te ly (adv) / 't b i t / n s t l i / m ay mán, m ay thay

sidevvays (a d j) /'s a id w e iz / sang bên dovvnstairs (a d j) /'d a u n s te a z / ở dưới nihề, ở tầng dưới

B C om plete th e d ire c tio n s fro m the s ta tio n to T om ’s house, u sin g these

adverbíal phrases:

on the right turn left straight ahead turn right turn right

► Come out of the station and turn.ri^ht

1 at the fìrst junction.

2 Go until you reach the traffic lights.

3 into my road.

4 You’ll find my house .

Loo k at th is se q u ence o f e ve n ts and p u t them in the rig h t order L in k the even ts, using su ita b le adve rb s o r a d ve rb ia l phrases M ore th a n One ansvver is p o ssib le

in each gap.

How I found an apartm ent to rent:

I agreed with the landlord that I would rent it.

I made a list of apartments I could afford.

I signed the contract.

I went to see some of the apartments

ị ịooke d through4l>e adve rts in the local news papef

I moved into the apartment.

I paid the íirst month’s rent as a deposit.

I decided vvhich aparlm ent to rent.

F irẹ t pf ạlJ/Firẹt(ịY) I \ọokẹd th rọ ụ ^h thẹ ạ ậvẹrtp in tnẹ lọcạỊ nẹvyef?fper

AOJECTIVES AND ADVERBS • PAGE 163

co ntract (n)/'kũntreel<t/ hợp đông

landlord (n ) /'la s r d b :d / chủ nhà

ren t (v ) /r e n t/ cho thuê jun ctio n (n) /'d 3 A r|k /n / sự nối liền

7 6 Adverb + adjectlve; noun + noun; etc.

It wa$ coíd ỉ t was very coỉd.

IV t' were v e ry tired after the trip

ỉ fcỉr cxtrem ely nervỡus heíore the cxLĩni,

i'n i realỉy an g ry \v iih ỵ o u ( = v c r v a n g r y )

W e (-an a ỉ s o m a k c a n a d j e c r i v e vve*Tker vvitii

vvhen we use Two adiccTívcs togctỉìcr, wc

order tỉieni lilve úúy,

► We usc*opinion’ adịcctives (e.g

v v o n d e r í u l , Iiice, p l e a s a n ụ s t r a n g e ) beíbrc any o th er adicctivc :c.g n c w ) :

a

ưn

N O t N

Liịrãboarả casscĩte

A C o m plete th e s e s e n te n c e s u sin g roalỉy or quite.

► T h e fifrT» w a s g o o d I enjoyed it a lot.

1 lt's cold oưtside, but not very cold.

2 It isn’t a wonderful book, but it’s good.

3 T h e tic k e ts w e re e xp e n sivo - Ihey co st m u ch m o re th a n I e xp e cte d ,

4 T h is p ro g ra m m e is p o p u ỉa r in m y co u n try: m illio n s o f p e o p le w a tc h it.

5 H e 's g o o d a t h is job, but he s o m e tim e s m akes b a d m ista ke s

6 The meal was níce but it wasn't very good.

7 ỉt’s d a n g e ro u s to drive so fa st in su ch te rh b le w e a th e r co n d itio n s.

8 ỉ'm n o t a v e ry g o o d te n n is player, but I am g ood.

9 T h e y 're all in te llig e n t students, and th e y w ill all p a s s th e ir e x a m s easily.

10 The company that I work for is big, but it's not enormous.

P A C F I M • A D J E C T l V t S A N D A D V E R a S

e xtre m ely (adv) /il< s 'tri:m li/ vô cùng, cực độ, cực kỳ

opinion (n) /9 'p ỉn ia n / ý kiến, quan điểm

cottage (n ) /'k D tid 3 / nhà tranh cassette (n) /k a 's e t/ băng cát xé t

B Put these words into the correct order.

► (a - town - beaiitiful - litMe)

1 (a - day - pteasant - sunny)

2 (a - smile - blg - ntee)

3 (a - large - coffée - black)

4 (a - okl - coat - horrible)

5 (a - large - bulldlng - wtilte)

6 (a - bird - big - grey)

7 (a - woman - ữiln - tail)

8 (a - smaM - car - blue)

9 (a - story - littie - strange)

a beaưCHlil Itttlô town

c Maỉch the word8 In box A and box B to descríbe what you can see in each picture.

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS • PAGE 165

soup (n ) / s j : p / xúp, canh, cháo

bowl (n ) /b o u l/ cái bát

lam p (n) /laem p/ đèn

sm ile (n) /s m a il/ nụ cười, vẻ m ặ t, tươi cười

7 7 Position of adverbs in a sentence

]ane proh abìy cỉocsn^t know the Cinswer

They p ro ba biy y\'on’r win.

S he was rucie a n d she even ìa ughed ar me

l d o n ĩ ktìo w \vky, ỉ j u s t ỉikc }LIZZ,

► a f t e r a n a u x i l i a r y / m o d a l :

ỉ ca n l evetĩ understand a word.

/ ’m ortly jokifìỉi.

X o l i c c t h a t w e Iis e j i i s l b e t b r e a n e g a t i v e niodal or auxiliary:

/ ịu s ĩ d o n t u n d c r s ĩa n d w h ỵ It h a ppened.

5 Nolc- ihíii iill I h c s t adverbb g(j a i i e r btr:

She is p r o h íih íy (ìt \vork.

F o r t h e p o s i t i o n s ot' a d v e r b s r e l a t e d t o t i m e

t iubt, a ừ c a d y , y c l j sc c U n i t 15.

6 VVe u s e t o o a n d e i t h c r a t t h c c n d o f a

s c n t c n c c VVc u s c t o o a f t c r t w o p o s i t i v c v e r b s and eilher ailer t\vo Iic^ative verbs:

Georíĩe ciĩrỉỊỉ (ỉ iot iiììii he speruis a lơt too

i ả o n t ỉike dogs a n d Vrn n o ĩ keen on cats

► a tte r ĩlic verb:

h*ìeuse Urivt’ carefutly.

► dller un obịecl:

ỉ read the ictter cctre/iiỉỉỵ.

8 W e LISC a d v c r b i a l p h r a s e s o f t i m c ( e g in the morninỵ^y lưsí Sưiurciny^ cẦurịtĩg the hoỉidays)

a t t h e h e g i n n i n g u r e n d o í a s e n i e n c e o r

c l a u s c ;

Ị M t $(4turduy ỉ hu d (4 greưt time.

I h ( ì ĩ i (ỉ ị* r r < ìỊ l i r n i ' S a t u r í ỉ í t y ,

W'o u s u a l l y IISC o t h c r a d v e r b ì a l p h r a s e s (e.g

thobt^ d e s c rib in g p lacc a r m a n n c r ) a ítc r th c

o b ị e c t :

hỉc put hừ ỳỉátcasc on the fỉoor

she opened the ỉetters w ith a knife.

9 W [ i e n t h e r t * iii m o r e t h a n o n e a d v e r b o r advcrbial phrase in lí sentence we norm allv

I i s e i h e m i n t h i s o r d c r :

m a n n e r —► p l a c e —* t i m c

He m?5 \vorkiĩiỸỉ h a rd iỉỉ his office ìust ni^h t.

Practice

A W rite sente ncG s u sing th© adve rb in b ra cke ts ( ) in the c o rre ct place.

► (p ro b a b ly ) T h e y wifl take the tra in

1 (detinitely) She comes from Leeds.

P A G E I t ò • A D J E C T I V h S A N D A D V E R B S

clause (n ) / k b : z / (ngôn ngữ học) mệnh đề

biography (n ) /b a i'D g ra fi/ tiếu sừ, lý lịch

probably (adv) /'p o b a b li/ hâu như chắc cnẵn modal (a d j) /'m o u d l/ (ngôn ngữ học) t ử tn h thái

2 (nearly) The meal is ready

3 (even) He lent me some money

4 (certainly) She works very hard

5 (only) There were two tickets left

B T h e se se n te n c e s are ta ke n fro m a n e w s p a p e r’s s p o rts se ctio n b u t th e y are a ll in c o rre c t Revvrite th e m so th a t th e y are co rre ct ► He will play deíinitely in Saturday’s game. H ẹ w\[ à ọ f \ n \ t e \ y 2 \ạ'^ in S ạ t ụ r d ạ y ẹ 1 Tickets tor the game almost have so!d out 2 They won't probably become champions 3 He scored two goals and he created also two goals 4 They didn’t just play well enough to win 5 They won nearly but they were unlucky at the end c T h e se se n te n c e s are ta ke n tro m film revievvs Put th e a d ve rb s in b ra c k e ts ( ) in to th e c o rre c t p o s itio n in the u n d e rlin e d p a rts o f th e sentences ► This film wỉll be a big hit with the public (deíinitely) bẹ

1 Many of the characters and events arẹ unbẹlievable (almost) .

2 This film doesn*t create any interest or excitement Qusi)

3 The plot isn’t very interesting and the períormances aren’t .

verv good (either) 4 Although the film was released last week, it has earned a lot .

of money (only) 5 This rilm has attracted a lot of publicity (certainly) .

6 She can act very well and she can sinq very we!l (also) .

o P u t th e w o rd s and ph ra se s in th e rig h t o rd e r to m ake sentences ► hard/worked/yesterday S u s a n harà ^eetẹràạỵ. 1 all day/have/well/worked They .

2 after lunch/in the sea/swam The children .

3 during the nighưrained/heavily It

4 betore supper/did/in my room/my homework I

5 better/last weekyplayed Our team .

ADJECTtVES ANO ADVERBS • PAGi- 167

unlucky (a d j) / A D A k i / không may mắn

create (v ) / k r i : ’eiư tạo, tạo nên, tạo ra

release (n ) / r i'li: s / sự phóng thích unbelievable (a d j) / , A n b i ' l i : v a b l / khó tin , lạ lùng

Test G: Adjectives and adverbs

A Put the c o rre ct co m p a ra tive o r s u p e rla tive form of the a d je ctive o r adverb in th e gaps

in th is conversatỉon between tw o neighbours.

G e o ff: Tm p re tty s u re m y h o u se is a bit (big) than yours.

Pete R eally? I th o u g h t m ine w a s (1 ) (big) in the Street

G e o ff: Oh Anyway, m y d a u g h te r Jo is ( 2 ) (pretty) girl in h e r school T h e y had a

b e a u ty c o n te s t la st w eek.

Pete: T h a t rem ỉnds me I s a w you and Jo pushing ỵour c a r last w e e k 1 m ust say m y car

works (3 ) (good) than yours.

G eoff: R eally? W h a t’s ( 4 ) (fa r) youV e ever driven? W e V e c ro s s e d A m e rica fro m

co a st to co a s t in my c a r Pete: Your w ife didn t e njoy th e ịourney, th o u g h , did she? You know 1 think IVe been

(5 ) (happy) married than you.

G e o ff: Tm not su rp rise d Y o u v e b o u g h t y o u r wife ( 6 ) (e xp e n sive ) p re se n ts in

the w o rld , h a ve n ’t you?

Pete; Well iV e g ot e n o u g h moneỵ I su p p o se I w ork ( 7 ) (h a rd ) than you, don't I

and earn money ( 8 ) (quick)?

G e o ff: 1 think w e 'd have a fig h t if you w e re n ’t ( 9 ) (tall) m an in tow n.

B Joan has ju s t arrived in a sm all town in Italy S he’s vvriting to h e rírie n d M oyra in England C hoose the c o rre c t w o rd to put in the gaps.

I arrỉved about th re e ho u rs ago r m sitting in the living room on the (►) tn rí?

(th re e /th ird ) tlo o r of the house I w as ( 1 ) (excited/exciting), o f course, on the way here, but th e jo u rn e y vvas ( 2 ) (tired/tlring) It’s ( 3 ) (so /su ch ) a

beautiful house! I m a bit ( 4 ) (w o rrie d /w o rryin g ), th o u g h Life here fo r the next six

m o n th s is going to be very ( 5 ) (quietly/quie t) O n the ( 6 )

(sixte e n /sixte e n th ) o f June, th e re ’s a íe stiva l in the village but th a t’s th c on ly th in g this yoar! 1 hope yoLi w ill w rite to me I wiiỉ be ( 7 ) (d ỉsa p p o in te d /d isa p p o in tin g ) if I đon't get a

le tte r now and agairv I m et m ỵ n e ig h b o u r ju s t aíter I arrived She w a s ( 8 )

(so /su ch ) heỉpíul! She got m a rrie d last rĩia n th , and it’s her ( 9 ) (tw e n

ty-o n e /tw e n ty-first) b ĩrth d a y tty-omty-orrty-ovv She sp e a ks English (1 0 ) (gty-oty-od/w ell), and she sings (1 1 ) (beautifu!ly/b eautiful) - I can hear her now! Anyvvay, you know

I m golng to try to w n le a book a b o u t m y father, so ! w on't bo (1 2 ) (boring/bo re d)

here ỉ'm a ( 13 ) (sio w ly/slo w ) vvritGr, but I Ihink it will be an ( 14 )

(in te re s tin g /in te re s tc d ) sto ry in the end.

c Tom, Ingrid, P h ilip and H ila rỵ are ta lk in g about their children Revvrite the u n đ e rlin e d

p a rt o f the conve rsa tion.

Tom: Tm vvorried, Ingrid P a iil IS q u icke r a l schoolvvork than J o a n n a (►) isn't

a s a t erAi0'.'A\*/0rk

Philip: Kids w ork tao hard at sch o o l these d ays in my vievv Tom O u r son A ndy d ĩdn’t w atch

the íootbạll m atch w ith m e on Saturdav He vvas too tired!

( 1 ) too tired to .

.bH • a d j e : c t ( v e s a n u a d v /e - r b s

Ingrid: But you need to work hard to get a job with good pay O ur oldest boy, Sam, is

tvventy-five now He can’t buy a house He hasn*t gọt enouQh monev.

(2 ) enough money to .

Hilary: But everything costs so m uch these days! We took A ndy to a cycle shop to see a

new bike yesterday We did n ì buv it because it was reallv expẹnsive.

(3 ) so expensive that .

Tom: I know! We looked at a new c a r IVe never seen a m ore beautiĩul machine!

(4) lt’s the IVe ever seen!

Ingnd: And vou drive wonderfullv Tom!

(5) And you’re .

Tom; Thank you, darling rm not as fast as Philip ( 6 ) Philip .

Hilary: Tom! Don’t say things like that! Philip is the w orst driver IVe ever met!

(7) l’ve never .

Philip: How do you know? You d o n ì open vour eves in the car You're too triQhtened.

(8 ) too trightened to .

Hilary: Vvn not goinq to araue with you I havenì qot enouah time.

(9 ) enough tim e to Boys and their cars! W hy don’t you spend m ore time in the garden, Phil?

L o o k a t th is s h o rt te x t a b o u t B a th P u t th e w o rd s in b ra c k e ts ( ) in th e rig h t order.

interesting/city) Tourists (1 ) (for four or five

days/stay/usually/there.) Most people will visit (2 ) (the/Roman/old/amazing/Baths), and then they (3 ) (probably/will/a bus/up to the Royal Crescenưtake.) After that they (4 ) (beautiful/parks/in one of Bath’s/green/can either relax) or have tea in (5 ) (the/eighteenth-century/elegant/very/Pum p Rooms) There’s a testival once a year and ( 6 ) (to get/tickels/(jifficult/always/it’s) because it’s so popular Outside Bath, ỵou can visit

lions at Longleat, or you ( 8 ) (can/peacefully in the countryside/drive around/just).

E s th e r is le a v in g a te le p h o n e m e ssa g e P u t th e c o rre c t w o rd s in th e gaps.

‘Hi there Helen! I thought you'd be (>) Oh d e a r Anyway Tm going

( 1 ) for a few days rm leaving the car ( 2 ) , though It's

(3 ) old, like me and the garage is fuíl o f rubbish ( 4 ) IVe lost my (5 ) book but I think I know the way to The Grange You take the train

(6 ) Little Hollovv, and then it’s (7 ) w hen you leave the station.

Anyvvay, the vveather looks good, so if you want to borrovv my ( 8 ) chairs whlle 1’m away, go (9 ) , turn left and theyVe in that little cupboard You’ll have to go into the cupboard ( 10 ) t’ m afraid, because it's full of old ( 11 ) legs and things like that! Anyvvay, l’d better go Bye for now !’

A D J E C T IV E S A N D A D V E R B S • PAC;F 169

frig h te n (v) /T ra itn / làm hoảng sỢ, làm sợ amazing (a d j) /a 'm e iz in / làm kinh ngạc, làm sừng sốt, làm argue (v ) / 'a : g ju : / tranh cãi hết sức ngạc nhiên

7 8 Prepositions of place and movement

1 In, on and at are used to talk about places:

► Wc usc in with enclosed spaces

(e.g rooms> buildings) and limited areas

<c.g towns, parkSt countries, continents);

in mỵ pocket in her car in Germanỵ

► We usc on with 5urfaces (c.g walls,

Aoors, shclvcs) and lincs (c.g paths, coasts, the cquator):

on the grass on the sea

on the ỉine on the third ỷloor

► We use at with a point (e,g at xhe bus

stop), and at with a buiỉding, when we mean either inside or outside:

A: Let's meet at the cinema, B: OK Shaỉỉ we meet in the cinema itseỉf or on the pavement outsiảe?

2 Look at ứie iUustration and rcad the scntences:

o

There is a woman in the phone box.

There are peopỉe outside the cinenuL The peopu are on the pavement.

There ừ a clock above the ànem a entrance The cinema entrance Ì5 under the docL The bank Ì5 next to/besiắe the ãnema The phone box ừ opposite the cinenuL The bank is between the ànema and the café.

There ừ a hill béhỉnd the towru The car Ì5 in front of the bank.

ỉnto, onto and to are used to taỉk about movement:

We moved the chairs into my beároom, The actor ran onto the stage.

They walktd to the next tơwn,

The opposites are out of, ofif and from:

We moved the chairs out o f my bedroom The actor ran o ff the stage.

We đrơve from London to Edinburgh.

Here are other prepositions of movcmcnt:

They ran across the ỷieỉd to the road,

!im cycỉed aỉong the road to the next town.

I walked up the hiil and ran down the other side.

The bus went past the bus stop without stopping.

The train goes through three tunnels.

Practicc

The sentences below descrlbe the picture Look at the picture and change ttìe

u tíđ words whlch are wrong Tick ( / ) the underlined words which are correct

-► There is a TV under on the table.

► There ỉs a dog ỒD / the fkx)r

1 The dog is b e h in d the table.

2 The cat is next t o the tk>wers.

3 The keys are n e x tto the flowers.

4 The flowers are i n the vase.

5 There ís a big book In front of the flowers.

6 There is a picture u n d e r the table.

7 The cat ís a b c ỵ e the table.

0 There ís a bird QD a cage.

PAGE 170 • PREPOSITIONS

cage (n) /k e id 3 / lồng, chuồng, cũi

pavem ent (n) /'p e iv m a n t/ khu vực hoặc bề m ặt được lát,

m ặ t lát

lim ited (a d j) /'lim itid / hạn chế, có giới hạn

e quator (n ) /i'k w e ita / xích đạo

► Peterlives in Turkey.

1 There were some beautitul p ic tu re s the walls of their sitting room

2 The children are playing the grass tíìe park.

3 Does this bus s to p ứie railway station?

4 I live in a f la t the fìflh tloor

5 Ecuador i s South America; it lies the equator

6 There is a queue of p e o p le \he bus stop.

c Put the w o rd s in the box in ứìe gaps.

B Put in, on or at in the gaps.

into (x3) onto (x2) te out of off

► The march started in the park From there we marched tọ the Town Haỉl.

1 The tiger escaped from its cage and jumped the lake It took a long time to get i t the lake and b a c k its cage.

2 stupỉdly, Simon drove his c a r the beach and then he couldn’t move it,

because the wheels s a n k the sand In the end he needed eight people to push í ỉ the beach and b a c k the road.

D Look at th is pícỉure o f a tow n show ing the route fo r a race.

Now fìll th e gaps using the w o rd s in ttie box.

across along at down in front of past from under through up

The race starts (►) ạ t at the Town Hall The runners go (1 ) the Town

Hall and they run (2) the main square, to the river Then they run over New Bridge and they go (3 ) the road beside the river for about 200 yards They go (4 ) the theatre and (5 ) Câstle HilL They turn right (6 ) the castle and they go (7 ) Steep Hill Then they go (8 ) the tunnel (9 ) the river, and they íìnish at the station.

PREPOSITIONS • PAGE 171

sand (n ) /saend/ cát

'!'he n ĩ i i s c u n i is o p e n f r o m ÌO iì.rn t o 6 p ĩ t ĩ ,

► I went to Turkey ịọ July.

1 W e must leave five o’clock 6

2 W e’ll have a break the atternoon 7

3 S h e ’s arhving Monday 8

4 lt's very cold here night 9

I never work the weekend.

We can play tennis the sum m er School starts Septem ber 5th I’lf s e e you lunchtime.

B Fill in th e g a p s in th is c o n v e rs a tio n u s ín g w o rd s fro m th e box.

two o’clock sum m er 1990 vvinter vveekend Saturđay birthday

Anne: Are you going on holiday in the (►) ?

Tom; No, but I went skilng in Italy in the (1 ) , and rm going to A rrerica at the

(2 ) i'll be in New York on (3 ) ; then Vm travellirig S o u t h to Texas What about yo u ? A re you going away this year?

Anne: Yes In fact, rm flying to Morocco at (4 ) tomorrovv.

Tom: R e a lly ? It’s a wonderful countrỵ I w as there in (5 )

Anne: Just think! ril be on a M oroccan beach on my (6 ) !

FA<iH 172 • PREPOSiTIONS

autum n (n) /'D :ta m / mùa thu

lunchtim e (n) /,lA n tJ ta im / giờ ăn trưa te a -b re a k (n) /'ti:'b r e ik / giờ nghi ỉao trong m ộ t cơ quan, nhà m áy

In these se n tence s there are som e m istakes S om etim es the

p re p o sítio n s are wrong Som etim es the prepo sitíon s are not necessary.

C ross o u t the p repo sitions w h ich are w rong and replace them if necessary.

Put a tic k ( ỵ ) if the preposition is correct.

► I normally go to the south of Prance ôữ Í!P the vvinter I usually go

ịn December, but ÌQ .last December I couldn’t go because

my wife was íll.

1 We’ll leave â í eleven o’c lo c k iD Saturday morning.

2 Shall we visit George ÌQ Spain i n next April?

3 I alvvays drink two cups of coffee on breakíast In the

afternoon I drink tea I dhnk hot milk ịn night before I go to bed.

4 They play golf on every Tuesday ÌQ the summer

5 I gave her a painting on her birthday a l June this year.

Here are y o u r arrangem ents fo r the next fe w days {today, this week), and for

the next fe w m o n th s Ụn D ecem ber, next year).

(starưa new job) next Monday (visiưEgypt) December

(sell/my house) January 10th

► (play/golf) —► the afternoon

2 (go/to the bank) -♦ 10 a.m on Priday

3 (go/sailing) -» the vveekend

VVrite se n te n ce s using the table above Use the Present C o ntin u o u s Ụ’m doing),

and a p re p o siỉìo n (/n, on, etc.) if necessary.

1 I .

2 ! 3 .

4 5 6 Use th e in ío rm a tio n in brackets ( ) to fin is h the sentences ► (2-3) The shop is closed frọm 2 3

► (Priday “ ♦ ) She will be on holiday .

1 (June -♦ August) The beach is b u s y

2 (10 o ’clock) ril be at the sports centre .

3 (March -♦ ) The new motorvvay wil! be open .

4 (Monday - * Priday) We work .

5 (1991 -♦ 1994) He lived in Kenya .

6 (January -* ) She will be in Hong Kong .

P R E P O S IT IO N S • PAGE 173

motorvvay (n) / ' T i o u t a v v e i / xa lộ

ỉ rí\ií4rd ỉìcr (ỈS m y besĩ Ịricnd.

H V Libt as in th e p hrascs su ch as th e sam e as

IỈĨS ỉncorĩic is l ỉ h o u t t h e s a n i e ÍỈS nĩinẹ

A s u s u a l , sfie g a v e n ie sottìc v c r v ^OOÌỈ

a ^ r i c e

\Ve u s e l i k c t n o i i r / p r o n u u r f'ur c o m p a r i n g ,

w i t h t h e n ì O i i n i i i g ‘sinìiliìr TO

ỉỉe ÍỈOCĨỈI t ht'h{ivc ỉikt’ othcr peopiẹ

ỉ.ike mosc ỈĨOVS (yỊ iĩis hc"s keen ori

sp orts.

ĩ \visỉi ỉ coiđ itke y o u

Wt' Libt* like + n o u n /p ru n o iin \vith the

n iC ĩìn in g 'i n a s im ila r \vay to ’;

ỉ f yơĩỉ cook II ỉ i k e f his, i( Iìỉwavs tastcs t)etĩcr.

Wc* lik e + n o u n /p r o n o iin \v ith the

m c a n in g "such âf.':

S o íỉi e p eo p ìc , ìik e m y b r o th e r , reaỉỉy ỉo ve

t ỉ u n r ị o h s

ỉ reaỉỉv enịoy music ỉtk í’ iỉiiỉ.

\\'e u s e l o o k , s o u n d , ta stê ^ lik e +

I i o u n / p r o n o u n t o r^ìlk a b o u t t h e a p p e a r a n c c

o t s o m c o n c /s o m c th in c ; o r th e im p re s s io n

í > o i n c t l i i n t > , V,\\'C!> Uí>:

she LỈoestì'i look ỉike her sister (ít all

ĩlc !>ounãs ỉike his fa th e r hc spcaks.

/ /n.s tasíes !ike coffeẹ

[ S t e also l ’ n il w )

\v v Iis r ÍIS if7iis th o u g ỉi + subject, v erb , etc

w i f h ĩh c m c a iiin g 'in a w ay th a tsu g g csts vvv Li^t' iii> ií'/iis th o iig h + su hject to descrihe

h ow s o n ic th iiìg scoms:

//t- ĩiilkí' Í4^ ìf /ú> an t'Xpt‘ri or ỉhc iiut)]ccỉ.

( h c i s n ’t <51- m a v n o t r e a l l v bc a n c x p c r t )

5 / ỉ í a c t c í ỉ (4S (hoĩ4ịỊỈì \vc h a d m y c r m e t heforẹ

( = b u t w c h ad n i f l b e ío re )

Practice

A C o m p lete th e se s e n t e n c e s taken from revievvs of new C D s , usíng a s or fik^.

► This record sounds exactly hỶ} the band's previous onẹ

1 Al the momenl there is no one quite this singer on Ihe music scenẹ

2 Many peoplo regard her one of Ihe best singers in the counlry £t the

m o rn e n t.

3 Although sh e looks a smail and delicale girl she has a very bigvoicẹ

4 everyone knows, this band shot to fame last year.

5 He describes this new C D an experiment in a new style of m usc.

6 Bands this tend to be popular for only a short timẹ

PẶb' 174 • PREPOSlTIOISiS

unpleasant (a d j) / A n ' p l e z n t / không dễ chịu, khó chịu, khó ưa fam e (n ) /fe im / tiếng tă m , danh tiếng

What did you do beíore thls job?

I spent seven y e a rs a teacher at a university.

A re y o u Corning to th e p a rty to n ig h l?

No 1 told you before, 1'm going somevvhere else

Do you like this programme^

No, it's al! those ‘reality TV' shows, it's really boring.

ỉ’m h a v in g tro u b le d o in g th is )Ob on th e C o m p u te r

T h a ts because ỵou shouldnt try to òo it that Look, l’ll show ỵou.

Let’s stay at this hotel for the whoie trip.

Yes we can use it a base for travelling around the region.

Did you enjoy the book I lent you?

Yes, I don’t usually enjoy novels that, but it was excellent.

Did you discuss the problem wỉth VVilliam?

Yes and I thought, it was an easy one to solve.

What’s your oplnion of Ann?

I get on well with her most of the time, but sometimes she acts a child, That was a horrible thing to say,

Don't get upset I onlỵ said it a joke.

C o m p leíe th ese se n te n c e s describing people, using a s, lik e or a s ifỉa s th o u g h

► Pelicity behaves 3ẹJfJap^tr.o^ạj; she's more important than everyone eỉse

1 Sarah doesn t think other people, she has her own ideas.

2 most people know, Colin has not had an easy life.

3 Helen dresses the girls she sees in magazines.

4 Graham talks money is the only thing in life that matters.

5 all his triends Jam es is extremely interested in ĩootball.

6 VVhen he talks, Simon sounds someone who is not from this area.

7 a student Ruth works very hard and is very serious.

D C om plete these sentences, using as, like o r as ịflas though.

► He’s a very good guitarist and he sounds a protessional when he pỉays.

1 People him really make me angry.

2 This doesn't taste anything IVe eaten beíore.

3 He has been described the best player in the vvorld.

4 usual, she arhved late for work.

5 Older people such my parents have different attitudes from mine.

6 Most people were shocked but she acted nothing important had

happened.

7 You sound youVe got a bad throat.

8 What you’re telling me now is not the sam e what you told me yesterday.

81 In; with; preposition + -ing

VVe C;in u s e iii t o cie s c ri b c w h a t s o t n c b o d y is

■vvcaring:

ĩảie / i thí' w(ĩr?ĩC4n in the rcd dress

ỉ w c n t tũ rhe iỉỉỉervieyv in Tìĩy nt'\v iííií

lĩ V\'as a su n n y daVy a n d evcryonc ÚI

ĩu m m e r cỉotheíị

A re y o u a t ĩ o w e d to to work i n

We s*ưw som e ỷoỉíiierỹ iti untỳhrĩn.

\Ve Ciiíi Liitr w i l h to d c s c r i b c a p a r t o f

so n icb o d y ’s body;

A sitiaỉĩ h o y with red haiĩ' c a m e iĩito thẹ

sỉw p.

O u r t e a c ỉ ư r is a ta ll m atx w i t h a beard

ỉ.isa is u prctĩv w ith hìuc eyes.

Jack H’í/5 tu í k i n g ĩo a rnan w i t h a ỉitg nosc

W e c;ui a l s o LISC w i t h t o dcfỉ>cribtí a n irn a ls :

A rahhit is Í Ỉ Ỉ I anirnal w iíh big t’<ưs tiTĩd a

s m a ỉ ì ĩatl.

\Ve ca ii Lise w i t h l o Lalk aboLit a p a r t o f

soiT ietíiing:

'1'hty live m a w híỉe house Wĩth (í )hit roof

ì bought a shirt w iíh red <:ỉripcs.

Ị lised ĩhe p o t w ith the W 0 ửden huỉìíẨỉẹ

ỉỉe has a hĩ-fi wirh very hi^ speakers.

\Ve Ciìu u s c w i t h l»efore s o i n e r h i n g , t b r

e x a n ì p l e a t o o l , t h a t w e u s e in o r d e r to d o

s o m c t h i n g :

You ctcưn v o u r le c lh w i t h a i o o i h b r u i h Yoti o p e n a t i n \ v i t h ư tiri opener.

Ị c ì e a n e ả t h e ta b ỉc w i t h o cloth, iHeiìsẹ ea i w i t h v o u r krìi/e a n d fo r k

\Ve u s e b y + -in g (ẹg b y d o in g ) t o d e s c r i h e

h o \v w e d o o r dicỉ s o m e t h i n g :

5 /ií' le a rn l Freĩĩíh b y ỉ i s t e n i n g io líỉpệ

>híí start a car h y tĩirnĩrtg the keỵ

s h e h e c a n ie successful tn httsiness h y

w orkin g vcry hard.

T h e p r i s o n e r s e ĩ c a p e d h y c ỉ i m b i n g over a waiL

VVe use H Ìth o u t -in g (ẹg w ith o u t d oing)

lu sa y i h a t a particL ilu r a c l i o n ii> n o t d o n e u r WLÌS Iiol d o iic :

sh e passed the exíun w ĩth o u t ãoitig a lot

o f w o r L

T hey ỉeft w ịth o u ( w a itin g for mc.

H c (iĩcỉ th t \vork w ith u ĩ 4 t m ukirĩg ưny

Practice

Put in the c o rre c t prepo sitions Use in or wlth.

► A young man wít>ị a moustache was driving tho car

1 He shovved me a photograph of a woman bluo oycs.

2 We live in a house a green door

3 A lot of businessm en suits were on the train.

4 Therc was â plant big green leaves in the corner of the room.

5 John w as vvalking down the Street with a woman a black coat.

6 Look at that bull those onormous horns!

7 One of the children was a girl long, dark hair

8 A man a hat cam e into the cafe

9 Soídiers uniíorm were standing at the entrance to the building.

10 She wanled to buy a Computer a screen, a keyboard and a mousẹ

11 We booked a hotel room a bathroom.

12 It was cold, so ỉ went out a coat and scarí.

13 VVeVe bought a television a big screen.

14 He arrived for the meeting a grey jacket.

M atch each phrase in the firs t c o lu m n w ith a phrasG fro m th e s e c o n d c o lu m n and add

th e a p p ro p ria te pre p o sitio n

Sh e cleans her teeth

They live in a house

I like my coffee

He's digging the garden

She painted the kitchen

You should alvvays cut meat

They got into the house

The soldiers do all their exercìses

She has a car

He dried his hair

You can't make an omelette

Some vvomen prefer men

Revvrite each o f the fo llo w in g u s in g by or without,

► She sat in the corner S h e didn't say anything.

ộ h ẹ ẹ a t in t h ẹ c o r n ẹ r v v ị t h ợ ụ t ẹ ạ y \ n ^ ạ nyỊ ^hi ng^

► He opened the door He turned the key.

Hẹ ọọẹrỵẹà th ẹ ảọọr \ỵy tụ rn in ^ th ẹ kẹy.^

1 He repaired the car He changed som e of the parts.

2 She answered the question but she didn’t read it carefully.

3 He left He didn’( say thank you.

4 She got the money b ecause she sold her car

5 I threvv the letter away I didn’t open it.

6 We vvorked all day and we didn’t eat anỵthing.

7 He lost vveight He went on a strict díet.

8 I went out, but I didn’t lock the door

PREPOSITIONS • PAGE 177

S h a r p (a d j) /J a :p / sắc, nhọn, bén

g ira ffe (n) / d 3 i'r a : f/ (động vậ t học) hưu cao cố

dig (n) /d ig / sự đào, sự bới, sự xới

o m e le t (n) /'D m lit/ trứ n g ốp la

82 other uses of prepositions

r h e r e a re m a n y c o m m o n p h r a s e s t h a t havt'

prepositions in theiTi.

W c u sc at in th c sc p h rasc s;

at the b cginning/end of, at íìrsl, at last,

at the m om ent, at the \veekend, at once

{ - ‘ in u iic d ia le lv ’ or ‘al the same tim t'’ )

S h e l l hc hack a t t h e h e g in tíiỉĩg o f tic.xí Wt\'k

A t ỷỉrst, ! ciiiín't beỉieve wỊiiìt he Wíìs Súvin^

ỉ \\'Uíĩed for WL't’ks and aỉ ỉast the ỉcĩter

iìrrived.

A r e Ví>n b u sy a t t h e tn o m e t ĩt?

You t i o r ù havt’ to íỉo e v e r y th in g a t Oììce.

VVt' aỉsíỉ use at fo r speeds:

ĩ ỉ e H'ÍỈ5 d r iv in g a t over /5 0 krĩĩs ưn hour.

v w usc b y vvỉih Iiìc ans o f t r a n s p o r t :

by c a r / b i k e / b u s / p l a n e / b o a t / s h i p / t r a i n , etc.

D o y o u i;í:> to w ork b y t r a i n or b y car?

But we say on ío o t (= w a lk in g ):

/ cư m e here o n f o o t because Ị w u n t c d ĩo ựí'r

Wc use o n my, o u r, ctc vvith bike:

Hc aim e Oìi his bikc.

We usc on the bcíore o th e r m cans of

Ira n sp o rt:

'Ihey went to London OTÌ the train.

Wc usc b y in phrases d escrib ing processes

(e.g sending s o m c lh in g , o rd e rin g so m e ih in g ,

paying fo r so m e th in g , m a k in g so m e th in g ):

/7 / s e n ả the in fo r m a t io n h ỵ p o s t / e m a i l / f a x

Can you book ĩickets hy phone?

You can pay bỵ credit card or bỵ cheque.

A lỉ these Products were m a d e h y h a n d

But we say in cash:

/ paid fo r the hoỉidaỵ in cash.

We also use by in these phrases:

b ỵ chance, b ỵ accid ent, b y m is ta k e

vvv usc‘ f o r in t h e s c phĩciscs:

fo r cxam plc, fo r salc, fo r ever

‘! ' h e i r ì i O i i s c ÌS f o r s a ỉ e ỉ' d like to Hvc h e r c f o r cver.

VVc usc in in these phrases:

in ad v a n ce , in d a n g e r , in í u t u r c , in a hurry, in

c h a rg e ío f), in c o n t r o l , in ía s h i o n , in general,

in lovc, in mv o p i n i o n , in t h e past

Voíí i u r liíivisetỉ to b o ok ư tíìiỉìe in advance

l cun'ĩ ndk to vou now, ưm in a h.urrỵ.

In getteral shc ỉias (ì <^ood ỉifí\

Wc use on in these phrases:

on busìness/on h o lid a y/o n a trip , cn (the) l'V /televison, on the radio> on the internet,

o n (a /t h e ) Computer* o n t h e p h o n t' (= sp eak in g , u sing it), o n strik e, on fire, o n the ílo o r

/Víỉ away on holiảay/on business next wcek.

All this work IS íionc on cornpute' these liuyý

Th ere arc no íratĩis hecause the d ú ve rs are

o n str ike.

I Ịoiitn ỉ a lot o f u se fu ỉ infớrrrỉation o n t h e

i n t e r n e t

S h e w a s ort t h e p h o n e w h e n I w e r t i n to the rooìĩì.

N o ticc also thc c o m m o n p re p o s itiín s except (fo r) and instcad o f:

E verỵone was h a p p y e x c e p t (fo r) Eỉaine.

( - Klaine was thc o n ly pcrson v h o wasn’t happy.)

/w prefer a coỉcỉ dritĩk ìnstead o f c coffee aĩ the m o tn en t.

We use an -ing to rm after ìnsteađ (f:

I w a l k e d to w o r k i n s t e a d o f g o i n g h ỵ car.

PAGE 178 • PREPOSITIONS

cash (n) /k a e // tiên, tiền m ặt

sale (n) /s e il/ sự bán, việc bán

fashion (n) /'fa s jn / m ốt, :hời trang

A Match the tirst and second halves o f the sentences.

► 1 walted for ages until the parcel arrived at —^ a íashion

► à 1 2 3 4 5 6 .

B Complete these offĩcial instructíons by putting in the correct prepositions.

► We can be contacted phone at the number belovv.

1 Complaínts must be p u t writing and sent to ữie address below.

2 Please complete your personal details capitals.

3 Applications s e n t post will be dealt with as soon as possible.

4 Payment can be m a d e credit card o r cheque but not

cash.

5 Feel free to contact m e email at any time.

c Complete thỉs exừact from an email to a íríend by using these words and the correct prepositions in the gaps.

Dear Pete,

l've been living in this City for a couple of monUis now It’s a very crowded and

to wait for anything, they want to have it (1 ) 1 see thls all the time.

(2) I was in a restaurant the oữier day and the man at ứie next table demanded to speak to ữie person (3) because he’d been waiting five minutes for his meal! When ttie vvaiter then brought the wrong meal (4)

he went comptetely madl (5 ) I ữiought l’d like livỉng here, but now

l’ve dedded it’s a good place to visit (6 ) I wouldn’t want to live

h e re (7 )

Rick

Com plete these sentences with the correct preposHions.

► Did you have a good time at the weekend?

1 my opinion, you're wasting your tlme.

2 A few minutes iater, ứie whole building w a s fire.

3 They’ve b e e n love ever since they tirst met.

4 'niey've vvon evei 7 gam e one, which they lost badly

5 She does most of her w o r k a Computer.

PREPOSITIONS • PAGE 179

app lica tion (n ) / ,ĩeọ\'\'ké\Ị n / sự gắn vào, sự áp vào currently (ad v) /'k A ra n tli/ hiện th ời, hiện nay

83 Verb + preposition

A fte r s o m e v c rb s \ve use a p a r tic u ỉa r

p r e p o s itio n ’^ (e.g fo r, to , o n ):

V E R B + P R E P O S I T I O N

d e p e n d o n : The saỉary đ epends OTĨ ỵouT age

agree w ith : ỉ don t agree with you.

She was ta ỉkin g to some ỷriends.

(You ta lk to som ebociy.)

They were talking about poỉitics.

W h o docs this jackeí heloTĩg to?

We d o n o t u su a lly u sc a p re p o s itio n a íte r these ve rb s:

phone/ring: He phoned/rang m e ỉast night

( n o t Me-phoHe<i/rafĩg ro .)

(n o t a n sw er to m e.)

reach (= arrive): / reached the office at nìne

o^clock. (N O T reached to the 0 0 ÌC€ )

► Tm vvaiting fo r a telephone call.

► We reached r: the airport after eleven o ’clock.

1 ril ask som e intorm ation.

2 Let’s listen som e music.

3 VVhere do I pay this shirt?

4 Let’s discuss the arrangem ents for tomorrovv.

5 W h o ’s going to pay the taxi dhver?

6 We paid the bill and left the restaurant.

7 ril phone the theatre and book two tickets.

8 Th e price of the holiday d ep en d s when you want to travel

11 IVe applied a Visa.

12 W ho does this pen belong ?

PAGE 180 • PREPOSITIONS

politics (n) /'p D litik s / hoạt động chính trị

B C o m p le te th e s to ry b y p u ttin g a p re p o s itio n in to th e g a p s if o n e is n e c e s s a ry

F o r s o m e g a p s n o p re p o s itio n is re q u ire d

W hen Jack arrỉved (► ).ạ t the theatre, Alice was waiting (1 ) him.

‘VVhere have you been?’ she asked ( 2 ) him ‘We can talk ( 3 ) that

la ter/ said Jack 'I tried to phone (4 ) you to say that I was going to be late, but

you were out Let’s go into the concert/ ‘O K ’ said Alice, ‘but a s you were late, you have to

pay (5 ) the tickets!' ‘W hat?’ said Jack 'I don't want to argue (6 ) it but I don't agree (7 ) you It’s not ía ir!’

C o m p le te th e q u e s tio n s u s in g th e w o rd s in b ra c k e ts ( ) A d d th e c o rre c t p re p o s ltio n

Tim : W hat are you doing here, P a m ?

Pam : Tm just vvaiting.

Tim: (who/you/w alt) (►) ạrẹ_yọụ_\vạitin^.fqr?

Pam : S a ra S h e ’s talking to the boss.

Tim: (what/they/talk) ( 1 )

Pam ; S h e w ants more m oney

Tim: (how m uch/she/ask) ( 2 )

Pam ; I don’t know, but s h e ’s thinking about looking for a new job.

Tim: (how many jobs/have/she/apply) ( 3 )

Pam : Five or six, I think By the way, is that a new vvalkman that youVe got?

Tim: lt’s new but it’s not mine.

Pam: And (whaưyou/listen) ( 4 )

Tim; The new Ricky M artin album It’s great!

1 ' C o m p le te th e p o s tc a rd by p u ttin g in th e p re p o s itio n s th a t are n e c e s s a ry

S o m e tim e s , n o p re p o s itio n is re q u ire d

Dear Sam.

W e arrived (►) j!P G reece at about 11 o ’clock We got a taxi from the a irpo rt to the port, and then we took a lovely little boat to the island I enjoyed looking ( 1 ) the scenery on the way W hen we reached ( 2 ) the island, we looked (3 )

ou r villa but we couldn’t find it I talked ( 4 ) a local man and I asked

( 5 ) directions He offered to take me there W hen we arrived (6 ) the villa, I offered to pay ( 7 ) him, but he didn’t want any money The w e a th e r’s lovely ril ring ( 8 ) you when we get back from our holiday.

a n g rv w i t h : Ịohỉì is v c r v a n g r y w ith nic

a n n o y e d vvith: ỉ Wíts a n n o y e i i w i t h f?iy sistcr

b r illia n t at: Ĩciĩỉĩy /> h riỉìia n t a t ỉìUìths

busy w ith : 'ỉotn ivfỉ5 htdsy w ith hĩs work

careiess w ith ; Hiỉỉ is careiess w ith Ỉ 1 Ĩ> tìioncy

c ru e l to ; A ĩĩn 's rĩioiỉicĩ' \\‘as cruel to hcr

ía m o u s fo r: FriitiLC is faínoi4s for iís checsc

toncl o t: Pctcr is very ịo n d o f chiìdrcìì

ír ig h tc n c d of; O ur Ciìl /5 ỷrighterĩed o f

your (ioị^.

f u ll o f: The roorỉis \vcrc fu ll o f oỉd lurrìĩtun'

g o o d at: Are you goocỉ a t sport?

g ra te tu i fo r: rh cỵ wcrc Ị^ratc/ul for onr lĩcỉp

in te re s te d in : She's iĩìíerested itỉ old COÌĨIS

keen o n : H cs very keen on chess

k in d to : Your sister U í/Í very k in d ío U5

ỉu c k y at: r n i of(eti ỉu cky a t ^i4nìưs

pỉeaseđ w ith : lan was pĩeased w ith the restílt

p ro u d of: They^re proud o f tììcir chíUircn

su re a b o u t: Arc ỵou sure C i b o u t her numc?

s u r p ri-s e d b y : / VWÌ5 s u r p r i s e d h y her ariịỊer.

'ỉ'hcy wvrt’ b u sy g ettirig ^ tỉn i^ s reaiỉy.

It's n o ị^ o o d \ ị ’o r r y i r Ị g a ỉ ĩ o ư t tỉe w e a t h e r

Ií'ỹ n o t w o rlh tỉik in g th e ciiVy ve catì walk.

Practice

A P u t in th e m ỉs s in g p re p o s ítío n s (e.g w/f/7, of).

► Mary w a s pleased >Ỵith her exam results S h e had got good m arks in nost subjects.

1 Thank you very much I am very grateful your help.

2 Tm not sure the price, but I think they cost about £5.

3 It was the day of the concert, and everyone was busy the prepantions.

4 I didn’t expect to win the m atch I was quite surphsed the result.

5 Sandra was very brave We are very proud her

6 I like geography and I m very interested history a s well.

7 VVeVe got plenty of food The fridge is full things to eat.

8 Mary didn’t like the director S h e w as annoyed him.

9 John is very clever He’s brilllant physics and chemistry.

10 Jane doesn’t like small animals, but she's verỵ fond horses.

11 Jeff should look after his disks H e’s very careless them.

12 S u sa n and Jan e like sports T h ey are particularly keen hockey.

13 Colin must be good Prench He got top m arks in the exam s.

14 Mike h as never learnt to swim b e ca u se he’s aíraid water

B VVrite th e s e s h o rt d ia lo g u e s in th e P re s e n t S im p le U se th e w o rd s in b ra c k e ts ( )

a n d a n y p re p o s itio n s (e.g with, of, at) th a t you need.

► A: (Jan e, why/be/you/angry/Peter?) - B: (B e ca u se he/be/very careless/his money) A: Jane, ạ r ẹ ^ ọ u â n q ì y vvith Peter?

(be/their daughter/good/school work?) B: (Yes, in fact she/be/brillianưeverything)

(Why/be/Mr Beỉi’s dog/aíraid/him?) - B: (B e c a u se he/be/often/cruel/it)

(be/Jenny/fond/classical m u sic?)

exam ple)

B:

' B: (Yes, she/be/very keen/Bach, for

4 A: (be/you/pleased/Peter’s exam results?) - B: (Yes, we/be/very proud/him)

A: _

B

C o m p le te th e d ia lo g u e u s in g th e w o rd s in th e b o x, a n d p u t in a p re p o s itio n if

it is n e c e s s a ry

b u sy tam ous full good interested kind

no good sick used vvorried worth

How did your job interview g o?

All right I think The com pany director was quite (►)KÌP.'^.^P me.

W hat does the com pany m ake?

Clothes It’s (1 ) its sports clothes, in fact I had to wait for a while

b e ca u se the director w as (2 ) talking to som e clients Th e corhdor vvhere I vvaited w as (3 ) boxes with clothes in them.

And what did he ask you?

She Th e director’s a woman S h e asked me ịf 1 w a s (4 ) maths.

I said yes S h e asked me if I w as (5 ) vvorking under pressure, and I told her that I prefer to be busy at work so that it w as no problem Then she asked me why I w as (6 ) changing jobs, and I told her that I w as

( 7 ) vvorking hard for so little pay I’m a bit ( 8 )

that ansvver now; perhaps it vvasnì the best thing to say.

It’s (9 ) thinking about it now W hat do you think your c h a n c e s a re ?

rm not sure rm not really sure that I want to change jobs just now, but I think ít’s (1 0 ) going to an intervievv from time to time b e ca u se ít gives you practice and m akes yo.u more confident.

P R E P O S IT IO N S • PAGF 183

cruel (a d j) /'< ru 9 l/ tàn nhẫn

Test H: Prepositions

Good morning Thls is the vveather (►) a t six in the m orning ( 1 ) 0 Thursday 7 Pebruary It’s cold (2) o , and there s ice (3) o the

roads, so don’t drive too cỉose to the car (4) I f of you! There

should be forty m etres (5) b you and that car! If you’re driving (6) i the City (7) t morning, paỵ attention to schoolchitdren vvalking (8) a the road Remember, you m ight be (9) n t a school! Traffic is

moving very slovvly (10) t the City centre at the rpoment There was an accident (11) I night - if youYe driving (12) p Central Library the Poiice m ay

stop you and ask you a few questions That s all for now More vveather new s

(13) e hour, (14) f s ix ( 1 5 ) i the m orning

(16) t six at night, this is the KC News Netvvork m aking sure youYe up to date

with the new s on the road!

T o n y is ta lk ìn g to M ic h e lle VVrite in th e fo llo w in g m is s in g vvords in th e c o rre c t place This is a w ea the r fo re ca st on a local radio statio n C om p le te the m issin g w ords.

at by (x2) in good of with (x3) without w ịttout worth.

w ith o u t

Ja ck s a y s he can learn a new language (►)y(^working.

Tony:

Michelle; W ho's J a c k ?

Tony: H e‘s that new boy the bright blue jum per T h e o ne iong hair H e’s bought a book a

CD and he s a y s he learns listening to the C D while h e ’s asleep.

Michelle: I think that’s silly.

Tony: But you re good learning new vvords, aren ’t yo u ? I might try J a c k ’s CD Tm sick

making m istakes all the time.

Michelle: lt's no u se vvorrying about m istakes We learn making m istakes.

Tony: lt’s e a s y for ỵou You can p a ss Prench e x a m s doing m uch work How do you do it? Michelle: I just sit down a dictionary and a Prench new spaper It’s not buying an expensive

CD , in my view.

M e la n ie is s e n d in g a n e m a il to S h eita C ro s s o u t th e w ro n g vvords.

í want to be (►) on/m holiday! It's too hot to work T h e office is (1) as/like an oven (2) on/at the moment It looks (3) as/like if my boss will be in G e rm a n y (4) on/in b u sin ess next week

so ril be (5) aưin charge Are you enjoying yourselt in C a n c u n ? Is Mexico ch eap (6) like/as

a place to sta y ? (7) Like/As usual, I haven’t booked my holiday yet, but I think ril go to Spain (8) by/in ca r and visit my old friend Pilar in Madrid You really sounded (9) as/like though you

w ere (10) on/in love when I spoke to you (11) by/on the phone last w eek (12) As/Like you know, I think your new boytriend is a really nice guy rm su re you’!l be happy together.

PAC,F 184 • PREPOSmONS

D A to u r g u id e is shovving to u ris ts a R o m a n c a m p n e a r H a d ria n ’s W a ll in th e n o rth

waiting grateíul

talk surprised

sure brilliant

to me now, please Can you hear me? 1’m going to (1 )

to you today about daily life for R o m an s lỉving in the camp I think you will be

(2 ) by som e o f the things th a t you see This part of the camp was the kitchen Imagine fifteen cooks (3 ) with the meals for the soldiers and their íamilies! The cooks (4 ) on local íarm s for the food, and theỵ were

(5 ) at keeping food for a long time, using salt for example If youYe

(6 ) in cooking, please ask fo r more intormation at the tourist centre Shall

we continue? W ho are we ( 7 ) for? WeYe not (8 ) about

this part of the camp, but we think it w a s a bathing area and we know that the R om ans were

(9 ) o f their bathrooms I expect that the people living here were

(10 ) fo r hot water in vvinter Let's move on In a moment w e’ll

(11 ) the fam ily part of the camp, and !’ll let you look around by yourselves.’

b P a ula a n d N ig e l a re ta ík in g to e a c h o th e r o n th e phone In n u m b e rs 1 -7 , c irc le

th e c o rre c t p re p o s itio n In th e re s t, p u t in th e c o rre c t p re p o s itío n

Paula: Hi! Is that you, Nigel? rm glad you haven t left yet W hen you com e to the

coníerence tonight, could you bring the green file? It’s (►) o n to ( ^ n n y desk,

(1) behind/betvveen the telephone C a n you s e e it? Th at’s right It’s (2) across/under the a d d ress book G reat! Now, do you know how to get to the hotel?

Nigel: I think so After IVe driven out (3) fro m /o f London, I go north (4) in/up the A54,

through Watford, (5) as/ỉike though I w a s going to Milton Keynes, But in fact I take

the B254 (6) on/to Halton beíore I reach Milton Keynes I think I should get there

about nine o ’clock, sh o u ld n ì I?

Paula: T h a t’s right, u n le ss you get lost (7) as/like me!

Nigel: lsn’t there a big house ( 8 ) sale, just before the Halton road?

Paula: Yes It’s ( 9 ) the left I didn't see it, so I had to ask (1 0 )

directions.

Nigel: Is the boss there alreadỵ? I plan to arrive at the hotel (1 1 ) je ans instead

(12 ) my suit and tie 1 hope that*s OK By the way did you apply

(1 3 ) Phi!’s jo b ?

Paula: I w asn’t sure about it, but yes, ỉ did apply I was a bit annoyed (1 4 ) the

advertisem ent on the vvebsite, though There was a sentence (1 5 ) the end o f it saying ‘You must be good (1 6 ) talking to people.’

Nigel: W hat’s wrong wlth that?

Paula: Well, Phil was very good at talking to people, but he w asn’t fond (1 7 )

doing any work, w a s h e ?

Nigel: You sound (1 8 ) you did n ’t really like Phil.

Paula: W ell, I thought he w as a bit cruel (1 9 ) his secretary.

Nigel; Yes, I think she w as írightened (2 0 ) him, wasn't she? Look, !'d better go.

S e e you later!

PREPOSITIONS • PAOK 185

tie (n ) / t a i/ dây buộc

frond (n ) / f n n d / (thự c v ậ t học) lá lược im agine (v ) /i'm aed3in / tưởng tưỢng, hình dung

85 Have and have got

ĩ.o o k at th is exam ple vvith have;

P a u l d o e s n t h a v e a car.

Pai4Ỉ h a s n * t g o t a car.

Do you have any money?

Have vou got any money?

► t o ta lk a h o u t o u r ía m i l i c s :

Ị a n e h a s a h r o t h e r a n d a sister

j a n c ' s g o t a b r o t h e r a n d a sìster.

► lo describe people:

She has hlue eyes.

She's got bíue eyes.

Does your broĩher have ỉong hair or

sh o r ĩ hair?

Has your brother got long hair or

sh o rt hair?

► to say i h a t w e a r e n o t í e e l i n g vvell: / have a headache

ỉ*ve g o t a h ca d a c h e.

We usc have (n o t hav« g e t) to ta lk a b o u t

m eals and h olidays, a nd w ith a bath>

a shovvcrt o r a wash:

D o ỵ o u n o r m a l ỉ y h a v e a big h r e a k fa s t ?

H ave ư good holiảayĩ

She's having a shower aĩ the rnoment.

Ị alwiìys liave a wash bcfore I go ỠUÍ.

vvv can usc h a ve o r h a v c g o t;

Practice

A VVrỉte p ositive o r negative sentence s or questíons, usíng h a ve g o t and the vvords

in brackets ( )

► (she/noưbrown eyes) brọyvn .

1 (he/a flat/in the town centre) .

2 (you/a car?) .

3 (l/noưa brother) .

4 (she/a headache) .

5 (Steve/brown hair?) .

Now wrỉte sentence s or q u e s tio n s using h a ve in the Present Sim ple {h ave, h as,

don't h ave, etc.).

► (we/always/eggs/for breaktast) yve d[wayp_ hạye .ẹag? f ọ K

6 (John/always/a holiday in August) .

7 (she/a bath/every Priday) .

PAGE 186 ' VE R BS

headache (n) /'hedeik/ chứng nhức đầu

8 (you/a shower/in the morning?)

9 (l/always/lunch/in the park) .

10 (They/noưa svvimming pooỉ)

B P u t th e vvords in b ra c k e ts ( ) in th e c o rre c t o rd e r to c o m p le te th e d ia ỉo g u e s.

► (got - 1've - two brolhers)

1 (in Edinburgh - a flat - shés got)

2 (you - got - have - a h e ad ach e ?)

3 (blonde hair - sh e - gol — hasn't)

A; Have you got any brothers or s iste rs?

B; Y e s lyẹ < 30t Xwọ brọthẹrẹ

A; D oes your sister live in Scotland?

B: Yes

A: W hat’s the matter? .

No, but I feel tired

Jan e 's tall and blondẹ

No, yoúre vvrong

4 (have - you - do - a holiday every year?) A; .

7 (you - dinner at seven'^ - have — do) A:

B; Nọ we alw ays eat at seven-thirtỵ

S o m e o f th e s e n te n c e s are vvrong Revvrite th e w ro n g s e n te n c e s and tic k (•/)

th e c o rre c t se n te n ce s.

► Pauỉ s got a sister in Scotland /

1 S h e is tlred, but she doesn t have a cold

2 1 haven t got lunch every daỵ .

3 Have you got a shovver every d ay ? .

4 Have you got an English dictionarỷ .

5 Do you have a h e a d a ch e ? .

6 I have got a holiday in Spain every year

7 Wéve got a large garden

8 Tve got a bath at ten and I go to bed at eleven

9 Th eyY e having got dinner at the moment

10 TheyVe got two dogs

11 Have got a good vveekend! .

12 Have you got a motorbikẻ .

VERBS • Ỉ’ẶỊ Ks:

ỉ h a v e n t d o n e tnĩich xvork today.

\Ve Iise h a ve + n o u n to d e s c rib c a c tiv itic s :

ưĩìỉ g o in ^ to h a ve a sh o w e r ifĩ the nỉorning

We LISC g e t in s o m e p hra ses that d c sc r ib e a

c h a iig e o f s ilu a tio n : V'V'í’ g o t ỉ o s t in l\ìris. ( - W e b ec am e lo s t ;

/ í ’s g e t t i n g c o ld (= It s h e c o m in g c o ld )

Ị a n e w a s v e r y iỉỉ, h u t she^s g e t t i n g b e t t e r

T h e y g o t m a r r i e d t h r e e y e a r s íìỉịo,

ỉt rained hea vily a n d / g o t vcry w et.

VVc use m a k e + s o m e o n e + a d je c tiv e to talk

► He was a cup of coffee in the kitchen.

► W e lunch in a very pleasant ỉittle restaurant yesterdaỵ.

1 She always excited beíore her birthday.

2 A: H elen’s ill.

B; Oh d e a r I hope she wi!l better soon.

3 We have to som e homevvork every evening.

4 I think l’ve a terrlbte mistake.

5 T h ey the shopping and then they went home.

6 I w a s late b e c a u se I lost on my way there.

7 It alvvays very hot here during the sum m er

8 Could l a quick phone ca!!, piease?

9 Please d o n ’t so m uch noise.

10 It w as a ỉoveiy su rp h se and it me very happy.

11 H er parents are old They are sixty or seventy.

12 How old w ere you when you m arried?

PAtiI 188 • VERBS

w et (a d j) /w e t/ ướt, đẫm nước, ấm ướt

today (n ) /t9 'd e i/ hôm nay, ngày này dinner (n) /'d in s / bữa án tối

B Look at ưie notes in the box about what Laura did yesterday

Complete the sentences, using the correct fonns o f make, do,

have or get. Sometimes more ttìan one answer is possible.

8.00 Breakfast (fruit juíce and toast).

8.30-9.00 Walk to work Rain.

9.00-1.00 Work Very busy.

1.00-2.00 Lunch in office Sandwiches.

2.00-5.00 Work Pinished everything.

8.00-11.00 TV Tired Bed.

It was a normal day for Laura yesterday She got up at 7.30 and

s h e (^ )h ạ íl a shower Then she (1 ) breakíast.

For brealctast she (2 ) fa iit juice and toast VVhile she

was walking to work, it raìned and she (3 ) wet She

(4 ) angry about this In the morning she (5 )

a lot of work She (6 ) lunch at about one o'clock She

(7 ) sandwlches for lunch When she had (8 )

all her work in ttie afterncx)n, she went home On the way home she

(9 ) some shopping She (10) a pizza for

dinner She (11) the washing-up and then she vvatched

TV for three hours By eleven o'clock she felt quite tired and so she

went to bed.

c Complete the díalogues, using the correct form o f make, do, have or get.

► A: Was the film good?

B: No, I a ọ t bored in ttie middle of it.

1 A: Could you some shopping for me?

B: Yes, what do you want me to buy?

2 A: Were you pleased by the news?

B: No, it me very unhappy.

3 A: Was it a warm day?

B; Yes, but i t rather cold in the evening.

B: No, I a big meal a couple of hours ago.

5 A; Did he pass the test?

B: No, he a lot of mistakes.

B; No, Tm not I want t o a wash first.

7 A: Could you repair this for me?

B: Yes, but I can’t the job until tomorrovv.

VERBS • PAGE 189 fru it (n) / f r L : t / quá, trái cây

m iddle (n ) / m id l/ giữa

couple (n ) / ' k A p l/ cặp, đôi

87 Phrasal verbs (1): m eanings and types

b r in g u p , c a lm d o w n , cross o u t, f ill in , fin d

o u t, g iv e in» give o u l, lo o k up, p ic k up, p o in t

o u t, p u lỉ o ff, p u t away, p u t th ro u g h , take o ff,

t r y o n , tu r n o ff, w o rk o u t

► The s e c o n d t y p e ot' phrasal verb c o n s is t s

t>í v c rb -f a d v e r b b u l thcTc is n o o b je c t, c.g.:

V \rV t’ ỉo o k in g fo r w a r d to yoỉii' tĩew's.

S o nie C t^ m in o n v c rh s o f th is ty p c a rc:

d o avvay vvilh, íacc u p lo, ru n o u t of,

lo o k u p to (Soc alí,o U i i i t 8 8 )

Practice

A C o m p le te th e s e d ia lo g u e s w ith th e p h ra s a l verb an d a p ro n o u n

► A: H as Mary put her hat o n ? B: Yes s h e ‘s p:ọp.ị^.ọp.

1 A: Who brought up the children? B; Their uncle .

2 A; Did you cro ss out the wrong w ords? B: No, the teacher .

3 A; W hen do we have lo give in the homevvork? B; We have to .

tomorrovv.

4 A: C a n you pick Sally up arter sch o o l? B: O K, ril on my way home.

5 A: Children, can you put your toys aw ay now please B: Can't we later?

B Revvrite each s e n te n c e re p la c in g th e e x p re s s ion u n d e rlin e d w ith the

c o rre c t fo rm o f o n e o f th e p h ra s a l v e rb s fro m th e box.

break down give out, go on keep off, ỉook out, look up to, put through

► B e c areíul! Don't step into the hole!

! Don’t step into the hole'

hang (v) /haen/ treo, mắc

into (prep) /'in tu :, 'in ta / vào, vào trong step (n) /s te p / bưo'c

The young boys really admirẹ the íirst team players

The young boys really the first team players.

The teacher distríbuted the exam papers.

The teacher the exam papers.

Hold the line riỉ try to connect you.

Hold the line ril try to you .

What's happening here? What are you doing?

W hat’s h e re ? What are you doing?

Jim s old car stopped vvorking completely last vveekend

Jinn's old car completely last vveekend.

D

S a lly and J a n e are stayin g in B a r c e lo n a and a re p lan n in g to do s o m e sh o p p in g

C o m p le te the d ia lo g u e with the c o rre c t form of o n e of the v e rb s in the box.

Have you (►) where the best shopping centre IS?

Yes, 1 (1 ) it in Ihe guidebook We can take the metro right a cro ss the Street and we (2 ) at the íourth station.

By the way, l’ve (3 ) euros so w e’ll have to call at a bank.

We can go to the hote! reception and (4 ) if there's a cash

m achine near here What are you going to w ear?

If w e ‘re going to (5 ) clothes, I think ril wear a skirt It's more

difficult to ( 6 ) jeans and (7 ) Ihem

all the time.

O K , a s soon a s you ve changed we can (8 )

C o m p le te the follow ing sto ry by c h o o sin g the s e c o n d w ord of e a c h

p h ra sa l verb U s e a d ictio n a ry to c h e c k the m e a n in g s

We we'e looking forward (►) to/on our holiday but the night beíore we were

going 13 leave we stayed (1) down/up talking until about three octock We didn’t

hear the alarm clock so we got (2) up/in late and we w ere late getting to the

airport W hen we went to check (3) in/up, we were lucky b e cau se som e

p a s s e rg e rs hadn’t shown (4) up/out so there were still som e se a ts left When

w e gol on the plane, Tim w as a bit nervous b e cau se he hadn’t flown beíore but I

gave hm a pill and that calm ed him (5) down/out The cabin crew told us to turn

(6) in/cff our mobiies Then the lights went (7) up/off and Tim thought

sometning w as wrong but I pointed (8) ouưup that they alvvays do that before

the plene takes (9) out/off VVhen we got to Rom e we went to pick (10) up/off

our ca se s Mine w as one of the íirst to com e out, but T im ’s didn’t ap p ear We

hung (11) abouưup for a long time but it didn't turn (12) out/up We went to an

office '0 report it and Tim had to fill (13) in/on alt his details on a form After

se v e ra phone calls it turned (14) ouưup that Tim ’s c a s e w as in Athens Luckily

we goi it back that sam e evening A s soon a s it arrived, Tim pulled (15) out/off

his svveaty ciothes had a cold shovver and put (16) in/on a clean shirt and

trouse s W e were just in time to go and have dinner.

w ear ( n) /vvea/ sự mặc quân áo

guidebocK (n ) /'g a id b u k / sách hướng dẫn

adm ire (v ) /9 d 'm a i3 / ngưỡng mộ

s k irt (n) /s k a :t/ váy phụ nữ, phần váy của áo đầm

88 Phrasal verbs (2): separability

G ra n ìm a tic a lỊy » p h ra s a l ve rb s f'all iĩì t o th re e *

g ro u p s S o m e p h ra s a l v o rb s can b e lo n g lo

d íffe r e n t g ro u p s (sec l / n i t 8 7 ), s o tn e tim e s

vv ith d ií íe r c n t m e a n iiìg s F o r e x a m p le , c le a r

b re a k o ff, c a rr y o n , d ra w o u t, get o ff, give up,

k n o c k dovvn, la y o ff, le t o u t, m ake u p , pay in ,

p u t o n , r u b o u t, set up, s h u t dovvn, s o rt o u t

1 A: W hen did they knock down the cinem a?

B; They several m onths ago.

2 A; Look at this sklrt! How can 1 get the ink o ff?

B: I think the only way to is to take it to the cleaner's.

3 A: Som ebody’s rubbed out my name.

B: Well I haven’t .

4 A: Sally and Pete have broken off their engagem ent.

B: Oh! W hen did they .?

1' R e p la c e th e e x p re s s io n u n d e rlin e d in e a c h s e n te n c e w ith th e c o rre c t fo rm o f o n e o f

th e p h ra s a l v e rb s fro m th e box.

drop in get away with, hang on kooGk dow n, put up with, sort out

► T h e yY e going to demolish those old ho uses.

Th eyYe going to those old houses.

V A C h 192 • VERBS

e ng agem ent (n) /in 'g e id 3 m a n t/ sự hứa hôn

1 The gang escaped taking 5 million pounds.

The gang 5 million pounds.

2 l'm going out ỉ can't stand the smoke in here.

1'm going out Ị can’t the smoke in here.

3 M a rp rie says she’s going to visit us on Thursday

M arjorie says she’s going to on Thursday.

4 Wait! I’ve just got to get my jacket.

! Tve just got to get my jacket.

5 W e still haven t arranged who d o es the different jobs.

We still haven’t who does the different jobs.

C o m p le te th is in te rvie vv by p u ttin g th e c o rre c t fo rm o f o n e o f th e p h ra s a l v e rb s in

e a ch sp a ce

carry on, com e about, cut down, do aw ay with, draw out, drop in face up to, give up

go on, grow up, lay off, let out, m ake up, pay in, set up, shut down, stay in

lnterviewer: I understand that your earỉy life w a s not easy C a n you teỉl us a little about it?

VVhere were you born?

Ruth: In Barnsley in the north of England and that’s where ! .

Intervievver: W ere you lonely a s a child?

Ruth: I had three siste rs and byvo brothers so it w as never quiet There w a s alvvays

som ething ( 1 ) The house was never em pty because neighbours (2 ) all the time.

Intervievver: Do you rem em ber any partìcularly happy m om ents?

Ruth: Yes when we went to bed my mother alvvays told us stories S h e didn’t have a

book - she ju st ( 3 ) them herselí.

Intervievver And then things w ent vvrong How did that (4 ) ?

Ruth: Well, in the first p lace my íather smoked a lot He aỉvvays said that he w as

golng to ( 5 ) , but he never did He got very ill and he w as in hospital for several weeks Even when the hospital (6 ) him he w asn’t well He had to (7 ) and keep

warm so that his bronchitis wouldn’t start again But at least he had the s e n s e

to íinally ( 8 ) smoking.

Intervìevver But things got vvorse.

Ruth: Yes, vvhile he w as recovering we heard that the ĩactory vvhere he vvorked had

(9) a lot of workers At fĩrst he wasn’t affected but then we heard that they were going to (10) the ía c lo ry Intervievver; And then things got better

Ruth: Yes, my parents had to (1 1 ) their new situation They said

that businesses could (1 2 ) íactory workers but they vvould

alvvays need office staff Luckily they had a savings account and every w eek

they had (1 3 ) something Now they decided to (1 4 ) their savings and (1 5 ) a

iittle b u sin e ss selling office equipment It did quite well and when they retired I decided to (1 6 ) it

Intervievver; Well, that is a story with a happy end Thank you for speaking to me.

VERBS • PAGP 193

escape (n )/is 'k e ip / lối th oá t

past p a r tic ip le s sce A p p e n d ix 2 o n paị^c 243,

and lo r ir r e g u la r past p a r tic ip le s sec

A p p e n d ix 3 o n page 2 44 )

2 We f o r m th e Past S im p lc passive ỉik e th is :

w a s / w e r e P A s r PAKTic;iPLF.

Á n t ĩ a w a s b o r n in G e r m a n y

POSITIVE AND NECÌAl IVE

'Romeo tìĩĩd ]i4ỈỊet' was w ritten by

(i) A iỊre d H itc h c o c k VV'ÍÍ5 u ^reat fiỉm -m aker.

H e iỉi r c c tc í ỉ t h i s fiỉrĩĩ iti ỉ 956.

77i/s ( ih ĩi (ỉirtxtC ti b y H i t c h c o c k

Practice

C o m p le te th e s e s e n te n c e s u s in g th e c o rre c t fo rm o f th e v e rb s fro m th e bo x UsG th e

p a s s iv e fo rm o f th e P re s e n t S im p le o r P ast S im p le.

build ch eck íound hold m ake produce pepair sell sp e ak write ị

► Scotch vvhisky in Scotland.

► The car vvạỗ rẹpạịrẹạ last week.

1 The O lym pic Games every four years.

2 English in m any countries.

3 ‘Yesterday’ by John Lennon and Paul McCartney.

4 C ar speeds by radar

5 T h e C hannel Tunneỉ to connect Britain with Europe.

6 Souvenirs at all popuíar tourist places.

7 The íìrst Volksvvagen Beetles in 1937.

8 The Times nevvspaper in 1785.

PAGỈ- 194 • VERBS

film (n) /film / phim ánh

2 So m eo n e painted the office last week (The office/painưlast week)

3 Several people saw the accident (The accidenưsee/bỵ several people)

4 VVhere do they make these video reco rd ers? (VVhere/these video recorders/make)

5 S ix countries signed the agreem ent (The agreemenưsign/by six countnes)

6 A stranger helped me (l/help/by a stranger)

7 They don’t deliver the post on Sundays (The posVnoưdeliver/on Sundays)

D P u t in th e c o rre c t a c tiv e o r p a s s iv e fo rm in b ra c k e ts (

)-Fiat (started/was started) by a group of Italian businessm en

in 1899 In 1903, Fiat (1 ) (produced/was produced) 132 cars.

S o m e of these ca rs ( 2 ) (exported/vvere exported) by the

com pany to the United States and Britain In 1920, Fiat (3 )

(started/was started) making c a r s at a new íactory at Lingotto near Turin There

w a s a track on the roof vvhere the ca rs (4 ) (tested/were tested)

by technicians in 1936, Fiat launched the Fiat 500 This ca r (5 )

(called/w as called) the Topolino - the Italian nam e for Mickey Mouse The company

grew, and in 1963 Fiat (6 ) (exported/was exported) more than

30 0 ,0 00 vehicles Today, Fiat is b ased In Turin, and its c a rs ( 7 )

(sold/are sold) all over the worid.

VERBS • PAGE Ỉ95

e x p o rt (n ) /'e k s p D it/ sự xuất khẩu

produced (a d j) /p r 0 'd ju :s t/ dài quá đáng recorder (n) /ri'k D :d a / máy ghi âm, máy ghi hình ảnh

90 Passive sentences (2)

H e re is a s L im m a ry t) f passive tcnscs N o te

th a i vve alw ays usc a past p a r tic ip le i ĩ i a

passive v e rb (e.g repaired> ta k e n ), F o r m o re

in t b r m a t io n o n past p a rticip le s> see

passivk: M v camera was taken.

P re sen t P e ríe cl:

h a v e / h a s + P A R T I C I P L E

Ac: I i v h : She has packed the books.

Past P c rfe c t:

A C T iv h : Bob h a d p a id the biỉl.

p a s s iv e : T he b ilỉ h a d heen paid.

P rc s e n l C o n tin u o u s :

a m / i s / a r e f - i n g + P A R T I C I P I L

ACTivi:: They are m e n à in g the car.

passivií: The car is heing mended.

Past C o n lin u o u s ;

w a s / w e r e + - i n g + P A R T i c i i u i i

ACTivii; They w ere b u iỉd in g it

pASSivh: l í was b e in g b u iỉt.

w ill» c a n , m u s t etc.

+ I N P Ĩ N I T I V E + P A R T I C I P L E

A C I iv h ; We w iỉỉ finish the job.

PASSIVP.: The ịoh wiỉi beỊìnished.

ACTivt: vựe m u s t do the work.

passive: The w o rk m u st be done.

In a ll passive sente nce s, th e fir s t v e rb ( = a u x ilia r y v e rb ) is s in g u ỉa r i f th e s u b je c t is

beirig b uiỉt

being huiỉt.

W c also use th e a u x ilia r y v e rb lo m a k e

q u e s tio n s a n d n c g a tiv e s :

H ave the books been packcd?

l'h e b iỉl hadn*t been paid.

P ractice

B

M a k e q u e s tỉo n s fro m th e p a s s iv e s e n te n c e s in b ra c k e ts ( ).

► (That car was made in Germany.) VVhere

1 (M ary was examined by the doctor this morning.) W hen .

2 (T h e food will be prepared on Priday.) W hen .

3 (Thls window has been broken three times.) How many tim es

W rite th e n e g a tíve o f th e s e n te n c e s in e xe rcỉse A

► That car fỊ 0 t mạdạ in Germạny.

► Bread (make) from flour

► I v/as at school when these h o u ses (w as building).

1 Cakes (make) from fiour

2 We lived in a caravan in the garden whi!e our house (w as buiíding).

3 This work (must finish) before five o ’clock.

4 AI the windows (have cleaned) this week.

5 These cups (broke) when we arrived.

6 Some money (have stolen) from Tom’s jacket.

D M ake th e s e a c tiv e s e n te n c e s p a ssive U se a p h ra s e w ith by.

► Your m anager must vvrite the report.

► The children are organi 2 ing the Christm as party.

The Christm as party i? or^ạ.nị 2 ẹ<í^ ^ thẹ ch[\àrẹn.

1 The Prench team has won the silver medal.

The silver medal .

2 A woman was training the guard dogs.

The guard dogs .

3 People of all ages can play this game.

7 A pclice car is following that green van.

Thaĩ green van .

E C om plete th e s e n te n c e s w ith th e c o rre c t p a s s iv e fo rm o f th e v e rb in b ra c k e ts ( ).

► T h e ca stle vvạs bụiỊt (build) in 1546.

► These m ountains can (see) írom a great distance.

1 These houses (build) in 1946.

2 T he rep aỉrs must (finish) by tomorrovv.

3 Thetovvn h a s (attack) several times sin ce the beginning of the w ar

4 The decìsion has already (take).

5 The emaiỉs will (send) tomorrovv morning.

6 W h ie wine can (make) from red grapes.

7 T h e a ccid e n t happened vvhile the ca rs (load) onto the lorries.

8 The new models wil! (deliver) next week.

c Complete the sentences w ith a passive form o f the verb in brackets ( ).

load (n) /lo u c vật nặng, gánh nặng

medal (n) /'m ? d l/ huân chương

91 Have s o m e th in g done

L.dok at th is sentence:

M a r v a n d Tiĩìì p a i n t e d theĩv Ịìaí.

T his tells us th a t M a ry and r im were thc

painle rs; they p a in tc đ th e ir ílat.

N()W ỉo o k íỉt th is s c n le n t:t’ vvith

have s o m e th in g d o n c :

Ị c n n v ưrỉiẦ Ịoỉìn híiíỉ tlĩcir fỉiỉt p a i n t e d

1 his tells us th a t je n n v and John vvantcd th o ir

Sheila is g o i n g to c u í ỉĩer hair.

Sh eỉla is g o i n g to h a v e h e r híiir cut.

( “ Som cone is g oing to c u t it fo r h c r.)

S h e w a s h e s her car c v e r v Siiỉìdưv.

She has hcr Cítr washcíi cvery Sunáay.

( S o in co n c washes hci car ÍOÌ h c ì.)

/ m u st cỉcatì fĩìv suit tíìíỉ wcek.

Ị m u s t h a v e m y s u i t c ỉ e a n e d tììis week.

í - I n uist pay so m co nc to clcan it fo r m e.)

/7 / m e m i th a t brokeĩì w incỉow'.

/7 / h a v c th u t broketì w'ìniỉow rnen ded.

( S o n i c o n e will n i e n d t h a t w i n d o w for nic.J

VVe s o m e t i m e s use g c t in ste a d o f have:

Ị ự ĩ u s t g c t t n y s u i t c l e a ti e d

N o w lo o k a l th is e x a in p le :

S its a tĩ is vcrv cross She h a d hcr bike stolen.

H c rc , w c List' have s o m e th in g d o n e to ta lk cìhíiut s o n ie lh in g th a t h ap pe ns to so m e o n c ,

► Tom’s windows were dirty, but he didn t have time to clean them him selí

Last Saturday Tom Hâd hịí3 wìndiowẹ c\ẹạr\ẹà.

1 The shop delivers M ary’s food to her house.

Mary .

2 At the butcher's Fred said, ‘P lea se cut the meat into small pieces'.

Fred jnto smail pieces.

3 The hairdresser cuts Rachel’s hair about twice a year

Rachel about twice a year.

4 Last week, the optician checked Mr Stone’s eyes.

Last week, Mr stone

5 Mrs Frost’s doctor sa y s to her: ‘When you come to se e me next week, riỉ check your blood pressure.’

W hen Mrs Frost goes to se e the doctor next week, she

6 Last week, the garage serviced Jane's car

Last week, Jane .

7 A builder is going to mend the roof on our house.

We on our house.

PAC.P 198 • V E R B S

butch (a d j) / b u t / / nam tính trội hđn nữ tính painter (n) /'p e in ts / họa sì

B Loo k at th e s e s ig n s fro m so m e s h o p s and a garage The n vvrite w h a t p e o p le th in k

w hen they s e e the s ig n s u sin g the vvords in b ra c k e ts ( ) and h a v e or h a d

► W E R E P A IR A LL KIN D S O F B O O T S AND S H O E S

(That reminds me l/musưmy brown boots/repair)

That reminds me i hữve: mỵ brovvn boote reỊ^aireà.

(My Darents use that company They/thelr carpets/clean/there)

My parenís use that company

2 C A K W E C H E C K Y O U R O IL AND T Y R E S ^

(Thaĩ reminds me l/musưthe tyres/check)

That reminds me

3 W E VIAKE K E Y S O F A L L T Y P E S

(Td clmost íorgotten l/ought to/a new key/make/for the front door)

I d alTiost íorgotten

4 O U F S P E C IA L IT Y : PAIN TIN G H O U S E S AND F L A T S

(I do“»’t think I can afford to/our fiat/paint)

i dor t think I can afford to .

5 W E MEND VVATCHES AND C L O C K S

{Tha- shop isn't expensive, l/my watch/mend/there last week)

That shop isn't expensive .

6 W E ' E S T Y O U R E Y E S F O R F R E E

(Ah /es! My husband/his eyes/tesưthere last vvinter)

Ah, )es\ .

7 W E R E M O V E A LL KIN D S O F S TA IN S FR O M A L L KỈN D S O F C L O T H E S

(VVorderíul! ril take my suit there and/that coffee stain/remove)

Wonderful! ril take my suit there and ril .

S o m e u ip le a s a n t th in g s h a p p e n e d to th e s e p e o p le la s t w e e k U se th e s e n te n c e

in b ra c^e ts ( ) to w rite a s e n te n c e w ith h ad so m eth in g don e.

► (Mar/’s bag w as pulled off her shoulder)

3 (Fỉona’s g la sse s were broken.)

4 (J o h rs clothes were torn in a íight.)

5 (Jane s flat w as burgled at the vveekend.)

6 (Ourelectricity w as cut off b e cau se we had torgotten to pay the bill.)

92 Iníinitive with/without to

' I o o k at t h i s c x a i n p l c :

I to + IN F lN IT IV £ j

/ w a n t to some statrips.

Wc usc to d o , to b u y , to s ta rt, etc (to f

in f in itiv e ) a tĩe r som e verbs, e.g.:

S h e a g r e e d to ỉ e n ả hiĩĩỉ <onìc rĩỉOỉiLy

H efo rg o t to hook ỈỈIC ĩiikets.

Ị'fĩỉ hopirĩg to get a nc\v bikư sooti.

/ Vt’ arran^ed to pỉíìy íeniiis toniị^ht

T h e y \ ‘C deciảed to start íỉ fw\\' coĩỉìpany

Yoii prom ised to heip ĩne.

She offered to do thí' W'íishíĩỉị;-up.

W e ’rc p ỉ a n n i t ĩ g to go tnvay thĩS nvckeĩĩíì

Hc's trỵing io learn ỉ'rcnch.

We can alst) say w a n t + so m e o n e f to:

His p a r c n t s w a n t him t o g o t o u r ú v a s i t y

Ho yon waf ĩ t tne to heìp you?

Novv lo o k at th is cxam ple:

IN P IN IT IV H

He con speak Spariỉsh.

C a n is a m o d a l vcrb We use d o , speak , see> elc (in íìn itiv e s) aftcr a rnodaỉ verb S om e o f

Put the v e rb s in b ra ck e ts ( ) into th e s e s e n te n c e s U s e an infinitive { p h o n e ) or

to + intinitive {to phone),

► You can't (smoke) here Smoking is not allovved in this buildi-nc.

1 Tm sorry I torgot (phone) you yesterday I w as very busy.

2 Don't vvorry The exam may not (be) very difficult

3 Her mother m akes her (clean) her room.

4 lt's not a very good fiím You won’t (enjoy) it.

5 She didn t want (wait) any ỉonger, so she left.

6 VVhen are you planning (eat) tonight?

7 S h e couldn’t (reply) b ecau se she didn't know what to say.

8 This kind of music tnakes me (feel) good.

9 My friend let me (drive) her car.

10 l'm afraid l've íorgotten (bring) the map.

11 They might not (receive) the lelter untit next week.

PA(,r J(>(> • VFRBS

w o rry (n ) / ' w A r i / sự lo nghi

► (I don’t think it’s a good idea to argue with him.)

1 don’tth in k you should .

1 (I won't be able to com e to the m eeting on Priday.)

10 (His stories were very funny, and 1 laughed a lot.)

His fjnny stories m ade

11 (Perhaps he'll phone you tomorrovv.)

He n ig h t .

12 (lt's Dossible that Tom w on’t be a n g ry with you.)

Tom might not

13 (Jane allowed me to drive her new c a r)

Jane let .

C o m p le te th e c o n v e rs a tio n , u s in g th e v e rb s in b ra c k e ts ( ) w ith o r vvithout to.

Charlie I want ( ►) p o à o (do) som ething interesting this vveekend C a n we

(1 ) (do) som ething together?

Carol: Well, l’ve arranged (2 ) (go) on a trip to the coast with some

íriends Do you w ant ( 3 ) (come) with us?

Charlie: Yes, that sounds good W hen are you planning (4 ) (leave)? Carol: Well, we've decided (5 ) (start) early in the morning tomorrovv,

and IVe promised (6 ) (take) the others in my c a r W e’re hoping

(7 ) (reach) the coast by lunchtime So, you must

(8 ) (m eet) me here at six thirty a.m.

Charlie: OK good I won’t ( 9 ) (be) laíe.

Complete each sentence so th a t ỉt has the sam e m eaning as the sentence in