Oxford english practice grammar ngữ pháp tiếng anh căn bản phần 1

Oxford Practice Grammar - Advanced is for those who have progressed beyond the intermcdiate Icvel and who wish to increase theừ knowledge of English grammar and become more confident w

Oxford Practic^ Grammar

Basic with ansvvers

Norman Coe Mark Harrison Ken PatersoE

O X F O R D

UNIVERSITY PRESS

NhÀ XUẤT BẢN T ừ ĐIỂsl BÁCH KHOA

18 Prescnt Pcríect Simple or Continuous 38

25 Prescnt tcnse: when, before, aíter, untiỉ, etc 54

S e n t e n c e s a n d q u e s t io n s

C O N TE N TS • PA G E V

31 Who, what, which 68

39 Ability: can, can’t, could, couldn’t 86

48 Had to do/go> should have done/gone 104

Articles nouns, pronouns, etc.

50 Artides (2): a/an, the or no article 110

55 I and me (subject and object pronouns) 120

61 A lot of, lots of, a littlc, a few 132

63 Every/each; one/another/other/others 136

PA G E V I • C O N T E N T S

A d j e c t iv e s a n d a d v e r b s

73 Adverbs (1): adjectives and adverbs 158

75 Adverbs (3): place, directíon, sequence 162

76 Adverb + adjective; noun + noun; etc 164

Prepositions

78 Prepositìons of place and movement 170

Verbs

87 Phrasal verbs (1): meanings and types 190

96 Verb + object (+ to) + inlìnitive 208

CONTENTS • PAGEVII

Conditionals and reported speech

97 Zero Conditional and First Conditional 212

103 And, but, so, both and, either, etc 226

106 Although, vvhile, hovvever, despite, etc 232

The Oxford Practice Grammar is a series of three

books, each vvritten at ứie right level for you at

each stage in your study of English The series is

intended for your use either in a classroom or

whcn working independently in your own time

The books are divided into units, each of which

covers an important grammar topic Each unit

starts with an explanation of the grammar and

this is followed by a set of practice exercises

Tests at the end of each unit or section of units

give the opportunity for more practice and

enable you to assess how much you have learned

Answers to the exercises and the tests are given at

the back of the book

You may want to choose the ordcr in which you

study the grammar topics, perhaps going íìrst to

those giving you problems (Topics are listed in

the G)ntents page at the ÍTont of each book and

in the Index at the back.) Alternatively you may

choose to start at the beginning of cach book

and work through to the end

An interactive CD-ROM is included at each of

the three levels, oíĩering altemativc ways to

practíse You can recognize and correct written

mistakes, and you can also takc part in spoken

diaỉogues; you can record and listen to ỵour own

voice and leam to speak more naturally

Exam practice

The first level in the series is Oxford Practice

Grammar - Basic This is suitable for elcmentary

to pre-intermediate learners, and those vvoridng

for thc PET exam The second is Oxford Practice

Grammar - Intermedùite, for students who are

no longer beginners but are not yet advanced in

their use of Engiish It is suitable for those

studying for the Cambridge FCE Oxford Practice

Grammar - Advanced is for those who have

progressed beyond the intermcdiate Icvel and

who wish to increase theừ knowledge of English

grammar and become more confident when

using it It helps students preparc for CAE, CPE,

TOEFL, lELTS, and other advanced-level exams

The Oxford Practice Grammar - Basừ is vvrittcn

for elementary to pre-intermediate students of Engỉish

Grammar topics are explained simply and clearly and you are given lots of opportunity to practise.Each new topic is presented on a left-hand page and the practice section foUows on thc same page or the fecing page You can thereíore look

aCTOss to the explanation while you are working

through the exercises

Appendices at the back of the book summarize how to form plurak of nouns, verb endings, comparative forms of adj€ctives, and adverbs They also indude a table of ừregular verbs

An exit test providcs an opportunity for more

practice, and prcparrs you for OxfoTd Practice

Grammar - Intermediate.

There is an interactive Oxfoni Practice Grammar

website at www.oup.com/elt/practicegrammar

Key to symbols

Tho Symbol / (oblique sứoto) betw®en two W0fds

means that eíther word is pó»ible Wa put d o n

betore H are all possible In exerdse questlons this

Symbol Is ateo I^ed to separate words or phrases

wtiich are possible answere

Brackets () around a word or phrase in the middle

of a senteóo9 mean ttiat it can be l6ft out She

said ịthat) she Hved in a small fíat means that there

are tvvo póssible sentences: She sald that she llvữd

in a smatl fíat and Sh0 sakỉ sh0 lìved in a smaH Hat.

The Symbol ~ means ttut there is a change of speaker In example When did Jane go to

India? - In June, ttie question and answer are spoken by different people

The Symbol ^ in an exerdse indicates ttìat a sampie an8wer Is glven

INTRODUCTION • PAGE IX

1 Be: Present Simple (1)

1 Here are some examples of be in ứ\e Present

Simple:

This Ì5 m ỵ brother He*s ten years o l í

ưm a student These are my books.

They aren*t at home They*re at the theatre.

2 We form the Present Simple of be like this:

► to tâ lk a b o u t the vveather:

/f*5 cold todaỵ, /f 5 a beautiỊul day.

/f's usualỉy hot here

ỉt ỉsn*t very warm today.

M ỵ sister is six years oỉd.

In speech, we usually use the short forms:

I ^ r a c l i c c

María is from Brazil She is writing about herselt and her family Put full form s o f bB

in the gaps

► I ạiĩỊ a student from Brazil

► My parents arẹ.nọt (not) rich

B Now fill these gaps This time, use short form s of õe, as in the examples.

► r rn a doctor ► \'!V.P.ỌĨ (not) a bank manager

1 She (not) a teacher 6 I t eight o'clock

2 He a student 7 We from Paris.

3 They at home 8 We (not) from Bordeaux

4 They (not) in the park 9 You (not) ívventy^one

5 It (not) cold today 10 1 twenty-four

C h oose w o rd s fro m the box to put in the gaps

He’s She’s They're lt’s (x2) are is We isn’t

► My parents live in Scotland teachers

1 New York In England in America

2 P a u l from Germany German

3 My sister is a doctor thlrty years old

4 six o ’c lo c k ! are late

5 Look at the time! Chris and Mary late

D L oo k at th e s e p ictu re s These p e o p le are sa yin g w h o th e y are VVrite sentences,

c h o o s in g th e c o rre c t jo b s fro m the box, as ìn the exam ple

a pop star a ĩarm er

a-poHeemen- an artist

a bank manager a^tootballer a dentist a doctor

a teacher a film star a scientist a photographernames: Ị'ĩV f<??!<?rị9P.-

nationality; yy.ẹ’ trọ.ọi

Ọ j^

names:

nationalityjobs:

2 Be: Present Simple (2)

B ill: Heỉỉo How are you?

J a n e : Vrn fine thanks Hơw are you?

► t o a p c > ỉo g iz t* :

ỉ*m sorrỵ i^m ỉa te.

► l o d e s c r i b e t h i n g s ;

!t is tf t expensive ĩ f s chcap

ỉi'$ an oỉdỊìlm ỉt ÌSTĨ*Ì very good.

These photos are bad!

There ỉs a teỉepììone in the flat.

PLURAL : T h e re are som e good caỊes in

the cen tre o f the tow n.

Am ỉ ỉatc for the fihn?

Are you ĩw etity years oìd?

Is he tit hom e now?

XK M ake sentencGs a b o u t the pictures using the vvords ín

the box Use H e ỊS h e U h e y ar\6 the Present Sim ple o f be.

tíred sad t h ỉr & ty happy hungry bored afraid cold

• 0

► 1 He 2 They

PAGE 4 • TENSeS PRESENT

í ' Use there + the correct form o f be to say what we can and cannot find in the town

of Smailwood

► (a cinema: / ) Thẹrẹ’? a cinema

► (a óver) Thẹnẹ i s n ’t a rtver.

► (restaurants; 10) Therẹ a r e ten restaurants

1 (a castle: / )

2 (baker’s shops; 2) two baker's shops 3 (a zoo: ✓ ) a zoo 4 (banks; 6 ) six banks 5 (a luxury hotel: / ) a iuxury hotei 6 a theatre 7 (nevvsagents: 6) six nevvsagents 8 (many to u rists) many tourists VVríte questions by putting the words in brackets ( ) in the correct order ► (thirsty - you - are)

1 (a teacher - you - are)

2 (they - bored - are)

3 (is - afraid - he)

4 (she - tired - is)

5 (are - you - how)

6 (cold today - it - is)

7 (she - Spanish - is)

8 (they - from London - are)

Put form s o f be in these conversations. steve: This (►)]? Joan, my sister Tom Hello, Joan (1 ) you a student? Joan; No, I (2) a dentist I work in Brighton Mike: How are you, Sally? Sally: I (3 ) fine, thanks Mike: (4 ) you hungry? Sally: Yes (5 ) there a gcxxl restaurant near here? Mike; Yes There (6 ) a good, and cheap, restaurant in VVellington Street Wrỉte questions using the words in brackets ( ) and a form of be. QUESTIONS ► (you/Spanish)? Ạ!T.i(Ọụ ỘRạr.'&b

1 (you/hungry)? .

2 (she/your sister)?

3 (1/late)?

4 (they/from America)?

5 (he/a tennis player)?

6 (you/happ y)?

7 (she/at h o m e )?

8 (he/twenty)?

ANSVVERS

? - No, rm Prench

? No, Tm thirsty.

? - No, she’s my mother

? - No, youYe on time

? No, they’re from Canada

? - No, he’s a íootballer

? - No, l’m sad

? - No, she's at work

? No, he’s eighteen years old

TENSES: PRESENT • PAGE 5

► They live / in Prance.

1 I vvatch TV every day 5

2 She g o to work by car 6

3 The film finish at ten o'clock, 7

4 We p la y tennis every vveekend 8

They g o on holiday in August

He speak Italian and French

She do her homevvork every night

We s t a r t work at half past eight

B Now fin ish these sentences using a verb from the box Use each verb once

Rem em ber to add -s or -es if necessary

fly study finish eat sell smoke drink li ve

► He e ạ tẹ toast for breaktast 4

1 I coffee three times a day 5

2 My fa th e r a new language every year 6

3 She to New York once a month 7

He ten cìgarettes a day.They in Ireland

He work at six o ’clock

I truit in a shop

PAGE6 • TENSES: PRESENT

► (He/not/live/in Mexico) ^?.fịọẹ.ệplP.ụy.ẹ ir]Mẹỵịcọ._

1 (She/not/vvork/in a bank)

2 (l/n3Ưplay/golf) .

3 (Pajl/noưlisten/to the radio) .

4 (We/not/speak/French)

5 (Yoj/noưlisten/to me!)

6 (Mv car/not/work)

7 (l/nDt/drink/tea)

8 (Sheila/noưeat/meat)

9 (l/n3t/understand/you)

c VVríte these sentences, using the negative form o f the Present Simple D P ut In the verbs fro m the box, in the Present Simple Use each verb once leave start arrive §et watch work brush eat have like drink go stop Interviỉwer; How do you start the day, Jim? Jim: Well, I (►)aẹT up at six o’clock I get vvashed and dressed, and I (1 ) breaktast at seven o clock After breaktast, I (2 )

my teeth 1(3) to work at eight Interviivver: VVhen do you get to work? Jim: I usually (4 ) at my office at about half past eight First, I (5) a cup of coffee, and then I (6 ) work at 8.45 a.m Interviìvver: VVhere do you vvork? Jim: I (7 ) in a bank I am a C o m p u te r operator I (8 ) my job Ifs very interesting Interv»wer: When do you eat lunch? Jim: 1 (9 ) work and I have lunch at one o clock I (10) a cup of tea at half past three IntervBVver: When do you íinish work? Jim: I (11) the office at six o’clock I eat dinner when I get home Then I (12) TV for an hour or two E Use tte table to vvrite facts about Joan A tick ( / ) means that som ething is true A cross(x) means that something is not true Use the verbs in brackets () ► 1 2 3 4 íromScotland ỵ in a bank X in a f!at / Prench / new films X tromEngland / in a shop ỵ in a house X Italìan X oỉd ĩiims / ► (cone) Sh« Scotlạpd ► ôhẹdoẹsn[tcọmẹ_frọmEn3lsnd._ 1 (w<rk) She in a bank S h e in a shop 2 (livỉ) She She _

3 (speak)

4 òiie) •

TENSeS PRESENT • PAGE7

g olf (n) [g 3 lf (th ể dục, th ế th ao ) môn đánh gôn

brush (n ) [b r.J ] bàn chải o perator (n) ['apareita]^người th ợ máy

in te rv ie w e r (i) ['in ta v ju :a ] người phỏng vấn a rrive (v ) [8’raiv] tới (m ộ t nơi); nhất là sau m ột chuyến đi

Philip wartts a nexv car.

He feels sick.

► to la lk a b o u l ih o u g h ts :

ỉ don't th in k she ỉikes her tiewjob

ĩ doĩĩ't k tw w the answer

ỉle doesn^t unđerstanả me,

N o t e ứ i a t w e put do betbre I/you/we/they:

Do ỵou vvork in the town centre?

Do they know the answer?

W e p ư t d o e s l > e f o r e h e / s h e / i t :

Does he walk to work?

Does Steve enỳoy his job?

Does s.he pỉay the piano?

Notc ứiat we say:

J)oes h e w a ỉk ^ (NOI

Practicc

A Put in the w o rd s from the box in the co rre ct form Use the P resent S im ple Use each

verb once

like not know ỉeve feel think not like want not understand

► She thinks that films are íantastic! She ịọyp.^ films.

1 I sick Can I have a glass of vvater please?

2 I don’t know the answer because I the question

3 I he's tired He works too hard

4 We that new painting We think it’s terrible!

5 I want to telephone Jane, but I her phone number

6 They’re thirsty They something ta drink

7 I your new car ỉt's very nice Was it expensive?

8 VVrite sentence s a b o u t Petcr ( / = like, / / = love, X = not like, / A = hate)

opinion (n) /a 'p in i9 n / ý kiến, quan điểm

fantastic (a d j) /faen’taestik/ kỳ quái, quái dị, lập dị

te rrib le (a d j) /'te r a b l/ gây ra đau khố, gây kinh hoàng

This is an intervievv with Mary VVoods about herselt and her husband, John Write the questions, using the ideas fróm the box

like films read books listen to the radio ptey golf

watch TV play a musical instrument smoke go to the theatre drive a car like pop music drink coffee ị<ve in London like dogs speak any íoreign languages

►

►

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

QUESTIONS ANSVVERS

7 ~ Yes, 1 live in north London

? - No, but he plays tennis

9 •• Yes, 1 speak Prench

7 - Yes, 1 like all the programmes on TV

? - Yes, he listens to the radio in the morning

9 No, but he ỉoves cats

? - Yes, he has two cups in Ihe morning

? No but 1 have a bicycle

? - Yes, he piays the piano

? - No 1 prefer classicai music

7 - Yes, 1 love musicals

7 - Yes, 1 read one book every week

? No he doesn’t like cigarettes

You are on holiday, and you are in a Tourist lnformation Centre Ask questions using the table below

A B

Do yeu

Does the sports centre

all the banks the number 38 bus the restaurants the concert the sightseeing tour the museum

stop at the railvvay station?

finish beíore eleven p.m.?

start here?

Pfìli iTìanR ní

change tourists' money into pounds?

sell souvenirs?

have a svvimming pool?

serve typical Engỉish food?

1 the sports centre

2 .

3 .

4 .

5 .

6 .

7 .

in s tru m e n t (n) /'in s tru m a n t/ dụng cụ, công cụ

railway (n ) /'reilvvei/ đường sắt, đường xe lửa

TENSÉS PRESENT • PAGK9 map (n) /m aep/ bản đồ

bank (n) /baenk/ ngân hàng, nhà băng

A Look at these plctures.

D ecide w h a t is hapF»eníng (✓ ) and w ha t is n ’t h a pp e n in g (X) in each picture, and then

w rite p o sitive o r negative sentences

OGọr^õ ie> ipÌổCjỵiri0.

PAGE !0 • TENSES: PRẼSENT

spell (v) /s p e l/ v iế t vần, đánh vân, v iế t th eo chính tả

progress (n) /'p ro u g re s / sự tiến tới, tiế n bộ, sự đi lên

situ atio n (n) / , s i t j u 'e i / n / vị trí; địa thế exactly (adv) / ig ’zaektli/ chính xác, đúng đắn

Jenny and I (►) arẹ (stay) here for a week.

The sun ( 1 ) (shine) and it’s very hot

We ( 2 ) (sit) on the beach and I

(3 ) (dhnk) an orange juice

W e ( 4 ) (not/swim) because w e‘re

both tired We (5 ) (watch) the boats on

the sea at the moment They (6 ) (travel) fast,

but 1 can see fifteen or sixteen Jenny ( 7 ) (read)

her book, and I (8 ) (vvrite) all the postcards!

Jim and Jenny

2 My íather (take) c so she (stay) at

some medicine hom e today

3 Anna is not in the office this week d so 1 ciiv (sleep) in the

livlng room

4 Pauline needs some exercise e because our oven is broken

5 We (eat) in a f because he wants to get a good mark.restaurant this week

6 Jil! doesn t feel well g because 1 haven’t got money for petrol

7 Tom (study) h so she (walk) to

more now school this week

► 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

TRNStS: PRESENT PACH 11

p e tro l (n) /'p e tr a l/ dầu, xăng

m ark (n) /m a :k / dấu, nhãn, nhãn hiệu

postcard (n) / ’p o u s tk a :d / bưu th iế p seaside (n) /'s i:'s a id / bờ biển

w c c a n n o i u s e h a v e i n i h e P r e s e n t

C o n t i n u o u s t o t a l k a b o u t p o s s e s s i o n s :

ỉ havc a ĩickeí. ÍNOT / anì

11 \ ( /

w c c a n ư s c ìt t o t a l k a b o u t a c t i o n s :

ỉ*m h a vin g breakỷast He^s h u vin gỷtiĩỉ.

P ractice

M â k e q u e s tio n s by p u ttin g th e vvords in b ra c k e ts ( ) in th e rig h t order

► (enjoying — your work — you — are — ?) /Srpiyọi'' work?

1 (she - having lunch - ís - ?)

2 (ptaying football - are - they - ?)

3 (the cat - sleeping - is - ?)

4 (the sun — is - shining - ?)

5 (you — are — Corning — to the cinema - ?)

6 (listening — are — they - ?)

7 (eating - at the m om ent - she - is - ?)

8 (ít - raining hard - is - ?)

9 ( 1 - getting better — at tennis — am - ?)

10 (are - vvinning the m atch - we ~ ?)

FAGC 12 • TFNvSES PRESENT

shine (n ) / / a i n / ánh sáng, ánh nắng, sự chói sáng

possession (n) /p a 'z e j'n / trạn g th ái sở hữu, sự chiếm hữu

believe (v) /b i'li:v / cảm thấy chắc chắn, tin enjoy (v ) /in 'd 3 3 i/ thích thú

B Make questions and ansvvers Use the Present Continuous.

ANSVVERS

QUESTIONS

► (she/vvork/in Peru this year?)

lẹ ẹhc vvọrkin^ in Pẹrụ th iẹ ^ ẹ ạ r?

1 (you/study/English at the moment?)

2 (they/listen/to the radio?)

3 (PeterAwash/now?)

4 (they/live/in Madrid at the moment?)

5 (David/sing/in a group this year?)

(No, she/study/in Mexicxỉ)

Nọ^ ẹhẹ's stụdỵìnỹ in Mẹxicọ

(Yes, l/work/hard)

(No they/play/CDs)(Yes, he/have/a bath)

~ (Yes, they/learn/Spanish)

- (No, he/work/in a restaurant)

c Put a tick ( / ) next to a correct sentence, and a cross ( /) next to a wrong sentence

► She’s liking pop music X

► He’s learning Prench ✓

1 They’re enjoying the film

2 We’re loving ice-cream

3 She’s beliGving he’s right

4 John’s thinking about my idea

5 He’s having lunch at the moment

6 She’s eating a banana

7 He thinks ifs a good idea

8 'Huge' is meaning 'very big’

9 Mick is knowing Jane

10 She’s hatíng classical music

D Complete this conversation Use the verbs in brackets ( ) in the Present Continuous.Pauí; Hi Steve! What are you doing?

(l/go) to the bank What are you doing?

(1 ) (l/shop) (2 ) (l/look) for a new tennis

racquet (3) (l/play) a lot oí tennis at the moment, and I need anew racquet

VVhere is Jackie? Do you know?

Yes She isn’t in England at the moment (4 ) (She/work) in Prancefor a month

W h a t(5 ) (she/do) in Prance?

(6 ) (She/sing) in a night-club,

Really? VVhat about Fred and Sue? What (7 ) (they/do)?

(8 ) (They/study) for an exam TheyYe always in the library at themoment

How is your sister? Is she all right?

Yes, she’s fine, but she’s tired (9) (We/paint) the living-room It’shard work

steve: Can I help you?

Paul: No, it’s OK My father (10) (help)

steve: Well, I hope you find a good racquet

library (n ) /la ib ra r i/ th ư viện, phòng đọc sách

meaning (n) /'m h n in / nghĩa, ý nghĩa classical (a d j) /'k la e s ik a l/ cổ điển, không hoa m ỹ

7 Present Simple or Present Continuous

C o m p a r e t h e P r e s e n t S i m p i e a n d t h c P r í - s e n t ( o n t i n u o u s :

VVe use the Preseiìt Simple to talk aboiit facis

( t h i n g s w h i c h a r e t r u e al a n y t i n i e ) :

Anna spmks ^Oởd Sparĩish.

Ịoiirrỉalists write neyvspaper articỉes

ĩ cotne from Norway^ ( I a m N o r v v e g i a n )

\V e u s e t h e W r e s e n t S i m p l c f o r s i t u a t i o n s t h a t

c x i s t o v e r a l o n g t i m c , a n d f u r a c t i o n s t h a t

a r e r e p e a t c d (e g p e o p l e ’s habitvS, o r e v e n t s

o n ^ tim e ta b lc ) :

He lives iĩì Paris. ( — H i s h o i i ì e is i n P a r i s )

We usuaĩỉỵgo out to dinner at weekends.

[ oỷten go to /ootbalỉ rnatches OTỈ Sundays

n e buaes ìeave everỵ hour.

Anna^s busy, She’s speakỉng Oĩì thc phone,

W h a í areyou writing? - A le tte r to Ịa n e

ỉ,ookỉ The bus is Corning.

He's iivitìg in New York.

Iune's traveliing arourưỉ Europeỷor a month

ưm ả o in g a one-year cour$e in tourism

We're pairỉíing the fỉat.

ỉìe can t come, he's having ảỉnner at the motnent

ỉ am thinkinỊỊ aboui my work.

Practice

C o m p ie te th e s e n te n c e s w ỉth th e P re se n t S im p le {/ do) o r th e P re se n t C o n tin u o u s (/ am doỉng).

I (leave) home at 7 o'clock every morning

She usually (work) in the Sales Departm ent in London, but at themoment she (do) a training course in Bristol

Linda (wash) her hair every day

He (try) very hard in every game that he (play).Excuse me I think that you (sit) in my seat

PAG£ 14 ♦ TENSES PRESENT

article (n ) / 'a : t ik l/ bài báo

repeat (v ) / r i'p i: t / nhắc lại, lặp lại

recognize (v ) /'re k a g n a iz / thừa nhận dep artm en t (n ) /d i'p a :tm a n t/ bộ; ban, gian

^ (you/listen) to the radio very often?

6 Don t talk to me now I (write) an important letter

^ Why (they/drive) on the left in Britain?

® (noơget) dark at this tim e of year until about 10 o ’clock

9 It usually (rain) here a lot, but i t (not/rain) now,

10 A: W hat are you doing?

I (bake) a cake Why (you/smile)?

(l/do) something wrong?

This is A n n a ’s firs t letter in English to David There are some m istakes in it Cross out the in c o rre c t fo rm s and w rite in the c o rre c t fo rm P ut a tic k ( / ) if th e fo rm o f th e verb

is correct

Dear David,

I live ( ► ) / in a large flat ín Rome I*m hav ing (p-)hạy« two sisters Theyare called Rosa and Maria We are getting up (1 ) at seven o’clock every morning,and we have (2) coffee and a small breakíast I leave (3) the flat ateight and walk to the university I am íinishing (4 ) classes at five every day, and I

arrive (5 ) home at six This month I work (6) very hard for my firstexams

At the moment, I eat (7 ) breaktast in the kitchen of our flat: my mother drinks(8 ) coffee, and my sisters are reading (9 ) magazines

On Saturday afternoons I am piayíng (10) tennis with my íriends, or I go(1 1 ) to the cinema Today, I m going to see a new English film! Sometimes I am

w atching (1 2 ) American films on TV, but l’m not understanding

(1 3 ) the words! Are you liking (1 4 ) films?

With best vvishes,

Anna

VVrite the sentences using the Present Sim ple o r the Present Continuous

► (Usually she/work/at the office, but this week she/work/at home)

UsụạlỊy ẹhe vvọrks ạ t thẹ ữffìce, bụt thiạ ^eẹk ỗhe'p vvọrking a t home.

1 (You/not/eaưvery much at the moment Are you ill?)

2 (She/know/three vvords in Italian!)

3 (l/take/the bus to work this week, but usually l/walk.)

4 (l/study/Japanese this year It's very difficult.)

5 {you/watch/the television at the moment?)

6 (l/noưremember/the name of the hotel.)

7 (She/speak/ưiree languages.)

8 (The sun/shine/ It’s a beautítul day!)

TENSES: PRESENT • PAGE 15

dark (a d j) /d a : k / tôi, tõi tă m , mù m ịt, u ám m istake (n ) /m is 'te ik /lỗ i, sai lầm , lỗi lầm

u ntil (p re ) /a n 'til/ trước khi, cho đẽn khi incorrect (a d j) /,in lo 'r e k t/ không đúng, không chỉnh, sai

8 Imperative

1 T h e s e a r e i n i p e r a t i v e s ;

Go Heỉp Come WaiL

VVe u s e t h e i m p e r a t i v e ỉike th is :

Come ini Have a cup oj tea.

Tum left at the posi office.

Don*t touch! ỉís hot.

H elp me wiĩh m y suhcase, pìeas€.

H urry up, pỉease We"re ỉate.

Turn right a t the comer.

Dơn't forgeĩ your passporĩ.

► t o g i v e v v a r n i n g s ;

Loỡk outĩ Ih eres a car Corning.

Be careỷuli That hũx is very heavỵ.

► t o g i v e a d v i c e :

Have a rest You ỉook tired.

Take a coat, / í ’5 coỉả toàay.

D o n t see that fiỉw //5 terribìe!

► t o a s k p e o p L e t o d o t h i n g s ;

Come m pícase, and sit dowrĩ

Listeti to thb song ỉf s wonderful Pass the butter, please.

► t o m a k e o í ĩ e r s :

ĩỉa v e anothcr orange ỷuice.

M ake yoxưseìỊ a cup o f coffee.

► Ppĩ]\y:/^:ĩ: for me rm not coming toníght.

1 an umbrella with ỵou It's rainỉng

2 a rest You look tired

3 at the end of the road

4 I c a n ’t s w i m !

5 to take your passport

6 Theres a cat in the road

7 to my party, please,

8 your books at page 84

9 the salt, please

10 to that record Ifs terrible

'11 The bus leavGS at 9 o clock

12 and have a glass of lemonade

'ỉ 3 the fírst train in the morning

PAGK Ỉ6 • T&NStS PR&SENT

heavy (a d j) /'h e v i/ nặng, nặng nề

te rrib le (a d j) /'te r a b l/ gây kinh hoàng

suitcase (n) / ’s u :tk e is / va li inform ation (n ) /,in fa 'm e ij’ n / sự thông tin

B S te ve n is vvriting a le tte r to a frie n d P u t th e v e rb s in th e b o x in to th e g ap s.

open íorget c o f T ì 9 be brỉng have turn wait m ake

20, Sea Parade Brighton

Dear Paul,

and see me next vveekend rm stayỉng in a house by the sea D on’t(1 ) to bring your svvỉmming costum e with you! It isn't d ifficult to find the house.When you get to the crossroads in the town, (2 ) right and drive to the end ofthe ro;ad ( 3 ) careíul because it is a dangerous road! ( 4 ) som ewarm clothes with you because it is cold in the evenings here lf I am not at hom e w hen youarrive do n ’t (5 ) for me The key to th e house is under the big w hite stone in thegarden (6 ) the fron t door and (7 ) yourselt a cup of tea in thekitchen! (8 ) a good journey!

TFNSES: PRESENT • PAGE 17

costum e (n) /'k D S tju :m / quần áo, y phục, trang phục

crossroad (n ) /'k ro s ro u d / Pơi hai đường cắt nhau

jo u rn e y (n) /'d 3 3 :n i/ cuộc hành trìn h

um brella (n ) /A m 'b re la / ô dù

Test A: Tenses — present

Katy and Sandra are talking about th e ir d a ily lives VVrite the co rre ct fo rm s o f the Present Simple Use sh o rt fo rm s if you can

Katy: (► ) D o y o u g e t u p (you/geưup) early?

Sandra: No, not really (1 ) (My sister/go) to the bathroom first at

about eight o ’clock (2)

W hat about you?

(noưget up) until about eight thirty

Katy: Well, (3 ) (Mike/try) to get me up at about seven, but

(4 ) (he/noưusually/succeed)!

Sandra: (5 ) (l/be/not) very hungry in the morning W hat about you?

(6 ) (you/eat) much fo r breakíast?

Katy; (7 ) (l/noưusually/like) to eat much, but

(8 ) (Mike/study) for an hour betore breakfast, so(9 ) (he/eat) quite a lot.

Sandra: (1 0 ) (he/have) a big lunch as well?

(4 ) W e’re liking (5 ) Portugal W e’re all relaxing

(6 ) W hat are you doing? Are you vvorking hard (7 ) atthe m oment? Tm knovving (8 ) your exam s sta rt tomorrovv Gcx>đ luck! Is itraining (9 ) in England? The sun is shineing (1 0 ) here,

of course! 1’m learning (1 1 ) a bit o f Portuguese, but not very much rmunderstandìng (1 2 ) som e of the things that people say, but only if thevvords are sim ilar to English Hope to hear from you soon!’

PAGE 18 • TENSES: PRESENT

bathroom (n) /'b a ;0 ru m / buồng tả m , nhà vệ sinh

breakíast (n ) /'b re k ís s t/ bữa ăn sáng, bừa điếm tâm

sìm ilar (a d j) /'s lm ile / giõng nhau, như nhau relaxing (a d j) /ri'la e k s in / nghi ngơi, th ư giãn

c Hazel and Jerem y are on the phone C om plete th e ir co n ve rsa tion using either the Present S im p le or Present C ontinuous Use s h o rt ío rm s if you can.

Jeremy: (►) ,Ạr«, 3!ỌU.MỌrtínq? (you/work?)

Hazel: Yes (1 ) (l/finish) a piece of homevvork for lomorrow Why?

W hat are you doing?

Jeremy: Welt, (2 ) (l/think) about my homevvork, but rm aíraid

(3 ) (l/not/actually/do) it at the moment 1’m tired and bored.(4 ) (you/want) to go out?

Hazel: No Look at the vveather (5 ) (iưrain) (6 )

(l/never/go out) in the rain By the way, (7 ) (you/know) the newgirl in our class, the One with glasses? (8 ) (l/think)

(9 ) (she/come) from Venezuela Anyway, (10) (she/stay) with Peter's family this month

Jeremy: Yes, I know (11) (she/do/well) at school isn’t she? Peter says

(12 ) (she/speak) three languages: Spanish, English and Prench(13 ) (l/noưspeakyany languages)!

Hazel: Tired, bored and stupidl Why would I want to go out with you, anyvvay?

D This is the opening part of a book One unnecessary word has been crossed out already as an example Find twenty-one more, and cross them out

Today ỉs the 1 June 1964 The sun shifi«s is shining and the birds sing are singing What

is does everyone doing do? Well, Mrs Green is reads reading a nevvspaper She is reads reading a nevvspaper every day betore breaktast Her husband, Mr Green, is danceing dancing in the garden He likes is liking dancing in the morning

‘Have you another cup of coffee, darling’, says Mr Green

'But rm still drink drinking my íirst cup, dear', replies Mrs Green, 'and anyway, where’s our daughter today? She is usually bringing brings me my coffee.'

‘Mary,’ says Mr Green (buf he doesn’t stop dance dancing), ‘she’s she vvorks working

in London this week Donì you remember?'

'Stopping stop dancing and listeníng listen to me I never íorget forgetting anything

I was just giving you a little test Anyway, it’s time for work.'

'Alright, darling, but don’t íorget not your brietcase.'

Thank you, dear Don’t dancing dance too hard!'

E Use the vvords in the box to com plete the list fo r new students

te a ve (X) show ( / ) smoke (X) ( / ) check (✓) give (X) copy (X)

► Work hard, but take a break now and again!

► Ọọp'ĩ}p.^Y? your bags or coats in the lecture hall

1 that you know all the examination dates

2 your Com puter passvvord to an o ttie r sluden t.

3 your ID card when you enter the building

4 in the lecture halls or classrooms

5 your essays from the Internet!

TENSES: PRESENT • PAGE 19

bird (n ) /b a :d / con chim

darling (n) /'d a :lín / người yêu

exam ination ( n )/ig ,z a e m i'n e ijn / sự thi cử, kỳ thi password (n) /'p a :s w a ;d / khấu lệnh, m ật khấu

9 Be; Past Simple

\Ve w ere ui h o m e yesterday evvHĩĩKị.

They w eren't ỉa te th is n ĩo rn iỉĩịi.

Was ừ a good fiỉnư

Ó ur first hoiise wa$ in the centre o / f o i v 'n

A : W ere yo u r anỉwers correctì

B : N ỡ , they were aỉl wrongí

Pauỉa wasn*t a ĩ ĩhe party.

► w a s / w e r e + p l a c e a n d t i m e :

We were She wasti*t

w a s / w e r e ^ a d j e c t i v e ( e g c o l d , t i r e d ) :

ỉt w as co ỉả ycsterãưỵ, Thcy w ere tir e d after th eioĩtrn ey.

The train w as ìa te agatn this morning.

A; Were yo u r exanis easy?

B : l ' h e f i r s t e x a m w as easy, b u t th e s e c o n d

one w a sn t.

Practice

C o m p le te th e s e n te n c e s u sln g vvas o r were.

► Today I am happy bưt yesterday I VV^.Ễ? sad

1 Now Jane is at home but lasl week she on holiday

2 Today it's raíning but yesterday it sunny

3 This year there is a jazz íestival here and last year there a pop íestival

4 Today Mr Brovvn IS at work but yesterday he iH

5 These days there are houses hcre but a hundred years ago there trees

6 Today I feel fine but yesterday I in bed all day

7 My mother is a manageress now but she just a shop assỉstant lasí year

8 Today is Saturday and we are at horrie, but yesterday we at school

9 This summer we are staying at home but ỉast summer we in Greece

10 Today Tina and Jack are tired because yesterday they at the gym

]’A G F 20 • T E N S b S : P A S Ĩ

s e c o n d ( a d j ) / ' s e k a n d / t h ứ h a i , t i ế p s a u c á i t h ứ n h ấ t j a z z ( n ) / d3a e z / n h a c j a z z

f e s t i v a l ( n ) / 'f e s t i v 9 l / n g à y h ộ i, đ ạ i h ộ i liê n h o a n m a n a g e r e s s ( n ) / 'm a e n i d s a r i s / b à q u ả n lý , b à g i á m đ ố c

B Mary spent last vveekend in M adrid Ask her some questions using was or were.

c Georgỉ and Sally have been m arried fo r fifty years They are talking about their first

house Use w asn’t or vvererít w ith George’s word and was or were with one word from

the b a to com plete their conversation

new Italian big green cheap eỡid bad

► Geirge: The house was warm

Say; No it iỊ- 'vạẹ cọ\ậ.

1 Ge>rge: The garden was small

No i t The neighbours were Prench

G orge: The local shops were good

Say: No, they

Say;

Say:

Say:

Say:

D Put VMS, w asn't, were or w eren’t in the gaps in these conversations.

Peter (►) Paul at vvork today?

Julie; No, he (1 ) in the office I think he’s sick

Henr' ( 2 ) you in South America last year?

stev€ Yes I (3 ) in Bolivia on business, and then my wife and I (4)

in Brazil for a holiday

Paulí Philip and I (5 ) at home in London last week We (6 ) at

Mike’s house in Cornwall It was lovely there Do you know Mike?

Jane Yes, I (7 ) at Mike’s party in Oxford in the summer (8 ) you

there?

Pauk No, we weren’t there Philip and I (9 ) in Portugal in the summer

TENSES: PAST • PAGE 21

co m ío rta b le a d j) /'k A m ís ta b l/ thoải m ái, khoan thai

museum (n y m ju :'z Í0m / nhà bào tàng w ife (n) /w a if/ vỢ

Chris phoneả tne ỵesterday He w anted to ưsk mc sorĩĩethỉng.

D ũi you enịoy the concert lứSt n igh ứ

VVc c a n u s c t h e P a s t v S im p le w i t h f o r t o t a l k

a b o u t s o m e i h i n g r h a r c o n l i n u e d í o r a p t í r i i x d C)f t i m c , a n d e n d e d i n t h e p a s t :

/ ỉived in Rome fo r tv^oỵears Then ỉ w enĩ

to H'0rk in Ịapan.

now)

( F o r m o r e d e t a i l s , s c e A p p c n d i x 3 , p a g e 2 4 4 )

Practice

A Put a tick ( ^ ) next to thô correct forms of t h e Past Simple, and cross out those whichi

are incorrect You can look at Appendix 3, page 244, before you do the exercìse.vvalked / drinked went played vvrited swam

taked wrote cooked gived spent finded

drank asked flew made sended buyed

gave meeted took left found vvinned

met passed stoped followed sent eated

won cryed cx>med drove bought brought

íeaved swimmed cried stopped ate crossed

PAGE 22 • TENSES: PAST

exception (n ) /ik 's e p /n / ngoại lệ, b iệ t lập

apply (v ) /a 'p la i/ ứng dụng, áp dụng

p an (n) /plaen/ kế hoạch, d ự kiến, d ự định n<egative (a d j) /'n e g a tiv / không, phủ nhận, phủ định

C om plete the sentence s using th e Past Sim ple fo rm and th e w o rd s in brackets ().

► We vyẹrt (go) on holiday to Scotland last year

I (take) a taxi from the airport to the City centre

2 We (walk) to the park and then we (play) tennis

3 The man in the s h o p (say) something to the woman, but she

(not/hear) him

4 I (ring) the doorbell and a woman (open) the door

5 I (write) a letter to a friend, and then I (post) it

6 A: (you/understand) the film?

B: No I (try) to understand it, but the actors (speak) veryquickly

7 A: (you/buy) some ctothes at the market?

B: Yes, I (buy) a pair of trousers and a shirt

8 A; (you/enjoy) the festival?

B: Yes It (noưrain) and we (listen) to some good music

Make sentences using the correct form of the Past Simpte

► (When/you/leave/the party?)

1 (When/you/finish/your exams?)

2 (l/waiưfor an hour, but he/noưphone.)

3 (you/watch/the news on TV last night?)

4 (Mark/stop/smokìng last month, and he/start/playing tennis again last week.)

5 (He/ask/me a question, but l/noưknow/the ansvver)

6 (l/live/there for a few years, but l/noưlike/the place.)

It’s the beginning o f a new term at university Two students, N ick and Eric, are talking about the sum m er holidays Com plete their conversation using the correct Past

Simple form o f the vvords in brackets ( )

Nick: (>■) à}áỵọỊỊ_ậo (you/do) in the summer?

Eric 1(1) (take) a trip around Europe by train

Nick: (2 ) (you/go) on your own, or with some íriends?

Eric: A couple of íriends (3 ) (come) with me

Nick; How many countries (4 ) (you/visit)?

Eric: I (5) (go) to six or seven countries I (6 ) (have) agreat time, and I really (7) (love) all of them

Nick: VVhich one (8 ) (you/like) most?

Eric: Svveden I think, I (9 ) (enjoy) exploring the marvellous countryside

and 1 (10) (take) lots of photographs.

Nick; W h e n (1 1 ) (you/arrive) back home?

Eric: Last week Tm still rather tired

TENSES: PAST • PAGE 23

a irp o rt (n ) /'e a p D it/ sân bay, phi trường exploring (n ) /ik s 'p b r in / sự thăm dò, sự thám hiếm

trouser (ad j) /'trauz8/ cúa quần, cho quần countryside (n ) /'kAntrisaid/ miền quê, miền nông thôn

FVLl FORM SHORT VORM

1/He/She/It was not wasn't waitỉng.

You/We/They were not weren’t waiting.

Q U E S T I O N S

Was 1/he/she/it

Were you/vve/they waiting?

(For rules on the spelling o f -ing íorms

(e.g waiting), see Appendix 2 on page 243,

W hen ỉ w a ìk ed ỉnĩo the room , Ann w a s

w rỉtin g p o stca rd s a n d Keith w as readirtg.

W e c a n o n l y u s e w h e n ( n o t w ỈH k í) b e f o r c

t h e P a s t S i m p l e :

W heu ! m e t heĩy W€ were w o rk in g fo r the

same companỵ ( w h e n - at the tirne)

Practice

A C om plete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets ( ) into the Past Continuous

► It ỊYạ.s.&nwi1â (snow) when I left home this morning

1 I tried to explain my problem to her, but she (noưlisten)

2 He (talk) on the phone when I arrived

3 A lot of people (wait) for the 7.30 bus last night

4 I (live) in London when I met them

5 I nearly had an accident this morning A c a r (come) tovvards me, but

I moved quickly out of the way

6 At the end o f the first half of the game, they (win)

7 It was a sunny atternoon and people (sit) on the grass in the park.Then it suddenly started to rain

8 VVhich hotel (you/stay) in when you lost your passport?

9 Portunately, I (not/drive) too fasl when the child vvalked into the road

in front of me

• TEMSES:

10 I kDked out of the window and I saw ứiat i t (noưrain) any more.

11 (you/do) at three o'clock yesterday afternoon?

B Descrbe what the people in the picture vvere doing when Rlck came into ttìe room

Um tle correct veii) from the box in the Past Conãnuous

baisi watch

lister wríte eat

painl sit play

6 R ita her hair

7 Alison to some muslc

8 A n n a plcture

theni, ising the Past Continuous (/ trás doing) or th6 Past Simpl« (/ dkí).

married Kevin

KEVIN

1982-901983-85

1 9 8 5 -1 9 9 0

1989199Ơ-19951992

lived in VVashingtondid a course in Computingworke(j as a Computer operatormet Shirley

ran hi8 own companymarrled Shirley

► In •982 Shirley yvạs.liyịọa in New York

1 In SÔA K e v in in VVashington

2 In 984 S h irle y at univereity

3 In "984 K evin a couree in computing

4 Whin S h irle y unlversity in 1986, K e v in

as I Computer operator

5 W hn K s v in Shirtey, s h e as a translator

6 Whe S h irie y as a Iranslator, s h e Kevin

7 In 992 K e v in his own company

8 vvtìe h e his own company, K evin

Shiiey

sandvvich ( r /'sa sn w id 3 / bánh xăng ' đuých

operator ( n /b p a r e ita / người điều khiển m áy móc

TENSES: PAST • PAGE25

tra n s la to r (n ) /tra e n s 'le ita / dịch già university (n ) /,ju :n i'v 3 : s 3 ti/ trư ờng đại học

2 Past Simple or Past Continuous

i Compare the Past Simple and the Past Contữiuous:

Past Sĩm p l e

He taiked to her last week.

I ảidn*t taỉk to her yesterday.

D ùi you talk to your sister?

2 We use the Past Simple to lalk about a

complete event in the past:

Last Saturday morrĩỉng, Paul played/ootbaỉĩ

in the park.

p a s t

Paul plaỵed /ootbaỉl

(nw)

Here are some more exampies:

On Sunday ỉ m ade a cake

ỉt rained a lot on Saturảay morning.

P a s t C o n t i n u o u s

He was Uiỉking to hcr v^^en I saw him.

I wasn*t taĩking io anyone, I was watching ứie TV

Were you talking to her beíore I camc?

We use the Past Continuous to talk about an action that was in progress when something else happened:

Last Saturdaỵ, Paul was pỉaying/ootbaỉl in the park when he saw Ịane.

pasi Pauỉ was pỉaying[ootball

He saw Ịane.

Here are some more examples:

The phone rang while ĩ was m aking a cake

It \yas raining when we left home.

We oíten use the Past Simple to talk about one

event that followed another event:

W hen A nn Ịames ỉeỷi universừỵy she w en t to

work fo r a bank She ìeft the bank aỷter five

years, and wrote a book which .

In a story vve often use the Past Continuous to say what was ìn progress, when soniething happened:

The sun was shining Peopk were sitting under the trees or w aỉking arounđ the park Sudđenỉỵ

a car drove into the park

2 (l/see/an accidGnl/while/l/waiưfor the bus)

3 (Mary/go/to several concerts/while/she/stay/in London)

► (l/have/breakfasưwhen/the police/arrive)

4 (My father/cook/the dinner/when/he/burn/his tingers)

5 (The soldiers/prepare/to leave/when/the bomb/explode)

PAGE 26 • TENSeS: PAST

rain (n) /r e in / mưa; cơn mưa

park (n) /p a : k / vườn hoa, công viên

around (adv) /9 'ra u n d / tron g khu vực chung quanh, gần concert (v) / ’kDns9t/ dự tính, sắp đặt, bàn định, bàn tính

B Complete these texts usỉng the Past Simple or the Past Continuous of the verbs

in brackets ( )

► Beethoven wrọt« (write) nine symphonies; he 'rạ.ẹ.'vtỊtirg (vvrite) anoữier

symphony when he died

1 Last Saturday Tom wanted to make two salads H e (make) the tỉrst one in

five minutes H e (make) the second O n e when his g u e s ts

(arrive) and th e y (help) him to tĩnish it

2 The artist Gaudỉ (design) several houses in Barcelona, Spain Later he

(start) work on a church H e (work) on the church when he

(die)

3 Last month a bank ro b b e r (escape) vvhile the police (take) him

to prison Later they (catch) him again, and this time they

(lock) him up vvithout any problem

4 Philip’s tootball team were lucky last Saturday After twenty minutes th e y

(lose), but in the end th e y (win) the game by four goals to two

5 John Lennon (sing) and (ptay) on many records with the

Beatles Afler that h e (record) several songs without the Beatles He

(prepare) a new record when Mark Chapman (shoot) him

6 The evening was getting darker; the Street lig h ts (come) on People

(hurry) home after vvork I (stand) in a queue at the bus 3top

Suddenly som ebody (grab) my bag

c A policevvoman is interview ing M ary Croft about iast Priday evening

Look at the pictures and complete the conversation Use the Past Simple

o r the Past Continuous o f the word8 in brackets { )

Policevvoman; What time {^) ỉị[*ị (you/get) home from work?

Mary: At about six o'clock

Policevvoman: And what (1) (you/do) after you got home?

Mary: I read the newspaper

Policewoman: Did anyttiing happen while (2 ) (read) the paper?

Mary: Yes the phone (3 ) (ring)

Polỉcevvoman: What (4 ) (you/do) when your husband came home?

Mary: I was watching TV and I (5) (drink) a cup of coffee

Policewoman: Did you and your husband stay at home?

Mary: No, I (6) (drink) my coffee Then I put on my raincoat,

and we (7) (go) out at seven o'dock.

*=>olicewoman: Why (8) (you/put) your raincoat on?

Mary: Because it (9) (rain), of course

TENSES; PAST • PAGE 27

guest ( n ) /g e s t/ khách, khách mời

record (v; /r\'ko:ó/ ghi lại, ghi chép

com plete (a d j) / lo m 'p li: t / đầy đủ, trọn vẹn, hoàn toàn raincoat (n) /'re in k o u t/ áo mưa

I/y o u have arriv ed

h e /sh e /it has arrived

w e/y o u /th ey have arriv ed

N E G A T IV E

FUil FORM

I/you have n o t arriv ed

h e /sh e /it has n o t arriv ed

w e /y o u /th ey have n o t a rriv e d haven*t

Q U E S TIO N S

H ave I/you arrived?

H as h e /sh e /it arrivcd?

H ave w c /y o u /th ey arrived?

2 R eg u lar p a st p a rlic ip Ịe s e n đ in -ed u r -d:

played travelled arrived vvashcd

A nne has a rrived home.

From 18.30 to 19.0 0 ,A n n c ate h e r d in n er

At 19.01, wc ca n say:

She*s eaten h er ảinner.

► to talk a b o u l o u r lives:

/V e saiỉed across the A tlan tic,

ư ve seen g o n ỉỉa s in AỊrìca

ỉ h a v e u t d a n c e d the Fỉamenco.

\M ien wc ask p e o p le a b o u t th c ir lives, wc

o íte n Iise cvcr ( — a t an y tim e ):

H ave you e v e r heeri tơ A ustraỉia?

W h e n p eoplo lalk a b o u t th e ir lives, th e y

N ow use the Present Períect to make questions.

► (yOu/see/John?) hạyẹ ycẠ Jợhn?

7 (you/be/to Canada?)

8 (they/cook/our breakíast?)

9 (Jane/make/any miộtakes?)

10 (we/visiưalỉ the museums?)

8 Jam es is talking about his life Put the co rrect past p a rticip le s in the gaps

IVe (see) a lot of beautiíul places in my life,

and Tve (1 ) (do) a lot of interesting things I’ve

( 2 ) (travel) in North and South America for

example IVe (3 ) (visit) all the big Am erican cities

I’ve (4 ) (drive) across Mexico I haven't

( 5 ) (be) to Argentina, but IVe (6 )

(work) in Peru and Bolivia l've ( 7 ) (swim) in the

PaciHc Ocean^ the Atlantic Ocean, and the Mediterranean

Sea IVe (8 ) (eat) in the best restaurants in Pahs,

and IVe (9 ) (sing) Italian songs ỉn Rome 1 haven t

(10 ) (make) much money in my life, but l've

(11 ) (meet) a lot of interestỉng people and 1’ve

(12 ) (take) a lot of wonderful photographs!

c R ead the q u e s tio n s If th e y re íe r to a re c e n t e ve n t, p u t a tic k ( / ) lf th e y re íe r to

s o m e o n e s life revvhte th e s e n te n c e u s in g ever.

ỵ

hpvG yqu ọver ợạtẹn ẹ[ẹọ^ạnt mẹã-ư?

► Have you had coffee?

► Have you eaten elephant meat?

1 Have you bought a nevvspaper?

2 Have you fìown in a military aeroplane?

3 Have you washed your hands?

4 Have you spoken to a prince o r princess?

5 Have you had anything to drink?

D Now vvrite true answers to these questions ưsing either th is m o r n ịn g or n e v e r

► No, i hạví;n'i: hđđ ccítee t'oỊẹ_T.prrịnữ

T E N S E S ; P A S T • P A G r 29

refer (v) /ri'f9:/ xem, tham khảo

elephant (n) /'elifant/ con voi Atlantic (adj) /3t'laentik/ (thuộc) Đại Tây Dương Ocean (n) / '0u jn / đại dương, biển

Have ỵou ever m e t a [arnous person?

He has never w o r k e d in a Ịacĩory.

\ \ íiveci here fo r 5ÍX m onth s.

past M onday Tuesday VVednesday : now

A Look at the p ỉctu re s th a t sh o w w ha t Jenny has done in her life C om plete the

sentences a b ou t her, u s in g the P resent Pertect form o f the v e rb s in bra ckets ( )

► She (work) as a secretary and as a schoolteacher

1 She (live) in Paris since 1991

2 She (vislt) Canada and the USA

3 She (be) married for four years

4 She (write) íourbooks

5 She (climb) Mont Blanc twice

P A G E 30 • T E N S E S P A S T

factory (n) / ’faektBri/ nhà máy, xí nghiệp, xưởng

period (n) / ’p i9 ri8 d / kỳ, thời kỳ, thời gian

married (ad j) / 'm « r id / có chồng hoặc có vỢ, hôn nhàn trip (n) /tr ip / chuyến đi, cuộc hành trìn h , sự vượt biến

B C o m p le te th e s e n te n c e s u s in g th e P re se n t P e rtect fo rm o f th e v e rb s in b ra c k e ts ( )

► Don’t take my plate away I (noưtĩnish) my meal

1 A: What’s that book about?

B: I don't know I (noưread) it

2 I (lose) my pen Can I borrow yours, please?

3 My father (buy) an expensive new car

4 A: I (book) a room here for tonight

B: Yes madam, w hat’s your name, please?

5 I (make) some sandvviches VVould you like one?

6 I m not sure w hat the problem with the car is It (noưhappen)before

7 A: (you/reply) to that letter from the bank?

B; No I haven’t, but ril do it soon

c VVrite th is conversation using th e Present Perfect and the vvords in bra ckets ( )

Rob; (you/ever/wanưto work in another country?)

Ị h a v ẹ n t pịạyẹà t^ n n iẹ ỡince ìạ e t 5 ụ m m ẹ r.

1 (l/know/her/m ore than ten years.)

(l/work/in Ireland and in Brazll.)

(W hat about you?/you/ever/have/a job abroad?)

Rob: (No, l/never/wanưto leave my home town.)

(l/live/here fo rtw e n ty years, and l/never/think/of vvorking abroad.)

Brian: (Realỉy? Well, l/apply/for another job abroad.)

2 (ỉ/noưeaưanything/lunchtime.)

3 (you/live/in this town/a long time?)

4 (Jịll/be/a good friend/we were at school together)

5 (you/see/Jack/the party last week?)

TENSES: PAST • PAGE 31

borrovv (v ) /'b ^ ro u / vay, mượn abroad (adv) / a 'b n : d / ở nước ngoài, hải ngoại problem (n) /'p ro b ts m / cái khó giải quyết, khó hiếu to ge th er (adv) /ta 'g e ỗ a / cùng nhau, lại với nhau

Could ĩ speak to ĩanCy pỉease? - fr?ĩ afraiả

she hasỳust left.

{= S h e l e f t a s h o r t t i m e a g o )

/s that a good book? - / ả o n t know Vve

ị u s t sta rte đ it.

( = I s t a r t e d i t a s h o r l t i m e b e í o r e n o w )

2 L o o k a t t h i s e x a m p l e w i t h a l r e a d y :

D o you w a n t som ethìng to eat? — N ơ

thankSy ưve aỉreađy eaten.

N i c o l a : Sarah going to phone you lat^?

R n b e r t : No She*s ( - S h c h a s ) alrea ảy

ỉỉa ve y o u p a id the bilỉyet?

A Com plete the dialogues, using ju s t and the words in brackets ( )

Use the P resen t PerÍGCt*

► A; W hat’s happening in thỉs programme?

B: I don’t knovv jụ s t (Iưstart)

1 A: (l/come) back from my holiday

B: Did you have a good time?

2 A: Could I have a copy of Sports Worìd, please?

B: Sorry (Ị/sell) the last copy

3 A: Hov/S Lucy?

B: She's very happy (She/tinish) her exams

4 A: (l/have) a !etterfrom Mike

B: Oh yes? What did he say?

PAG E 32 • T E N S E S : PAST

díalogue ( n )/'d a i9 b g / cuộc đối thoại

perfect (a d j) /'p a :fik t/ hoàn toàn, đầy đủ

holiday (n ) /'hD lad i/ ngày nghỉ

sp o rt (n) /s p D :t/ th ế thao