analyse the importance and impacts of corporate social responsibility (csr) in business towards the social and environmental issues in vietnam

4 Analyze the importance and impacts of Corporate Social Responsibility CSR in business towards the social and environmental issues in Vietnam.. The implementation of social responsibi

Graduation Project Submitted to the Department of Business Studies HELP University College, in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for The Degree of

Bachelor of Business (Accounting) Hons

OCTOBER 2011

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DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY AND WORD COUNT

I hereby declare that the graduation project is based on my original work except for quotations and citations that have been duly acknowledged I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other course/degree at Help University College or other institutions The word count is 11,048 words

DUONG THUY ANH

17 October, 2011

Secondly, I want to thank the two managers, who have participated in my interview:

Mr Ho Duc Lam- Chairman and CEO of Rang Dong Plastic Joint Stock Company and Mr Tran Tien Hoang- management systems distributors in the Central and Northern of Kinh Do Company have spent their precious time to help me to complete the interview Besides, I also want to send my special thanks to the managers, employees and citizens, who helped me to carry out the investigation because they have supported me, shared their concerns, interest, and valuable suggestion Without them, I could not finish my project

Finally, I also want to express my gratitude to my family, who are always on my side

to support and believe me

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Analyze the importance and impacts of Corporate Social

Responsibility (CSR) in business towards the social and

environmental issues in Vietnam

By DUONG THUY ANH OCTOBER 2011 Supervisor: Dr Pham Duc Hieu

ABSTRACT

CSR and its components have become important issues in the world as well as in Vietnam, a developing country This study aims to understand the environmental tasks and attitudes of citizens towards environment We realized that, beside manager, the awareness of citizens and workers about the social responsibility to the environment is increasing The implementation of social responsibility is a task that

is impossible to be neglected on the way of approach to the business integration in Vietnam, because it’s beneficial for business and society, especially in improving the competitiveness of enterprises Therefore, day by day, Vietnam will have more responsibility for social and environmental issues due to the increasing of awareness and positive attitudes of managers, employees and citizens that shown in this survey

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY AND WORD COUNT……… 2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……… 3

ABSTRACT……… 4

TABLE OF CONTENTS……… 5

LIST OF FIGURES ………8

LIST OF ABBREVATIONS……… 9

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION……… 10

1.1 CSR in business and environment issue in the world……… 10

1.2 CSR in business toward social and environment issue in Vietnam 11

1.3 Problem statement……… 13

1.4 Research objective……….………14

1.5 Thesis structures………16

Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVEW……… 17

2.1 Definition and conceptualization of CSR……… 17

2.2 Responsibility of the firm……… 20

2.3 Corporate Philanthropy_ what does it mean?

21 2.4 Hypothesis……… 22

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2.4.1 Manager’s awareness of CSR and CSR reporting……… 23

2.4.2 Employee’s awareness of CSR and CSR reporting……… 24

2.4.3 Citizen’s awareness of CSR……… 25

Chapter 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY……… 26

3.1 Research methodology……… 26

3.1.1 Qualitative methodology……… 26

3.1.2 Quantitative methodology……… 28

3.2 Data source……… 29

3.2.1 Primary data……… 29

3.2.2 Secondary data……… 30

3.3 Data collection……… 30

3.3.1 Questionnaire……… 31

3.3.2 Personal interview……… 31

3.3.3 Annual report……… 32

Chapter 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……… ……… 33

4.1 Sampling……… 33

4.1.1 Sample population……… 33

4.1.2 Sample frame.……… 33

4.1.3 Sample size……… 33

4.1.4 Sample techniques……… 33

4.1.5 Limitation……… 33

4.2 Management……… 34

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4.2.1 Finding from questionnaire survey……… 36

4.2.2 Finding from managers interview……….……… 38

4.2.3 Actual CSR disclosures by firm……….……… 41

4.2.4 Overall evaluation of management’s respo……… 42

4.3 Employee……….……… 42

4.3.1 Finding from questionnaire survey……… ……… 42

4.4 Citizen……….……… 44

4.4.1 Finding from questionnaire……….……… 44

4.4.2 Overall evaluation of citizen’s responses…… ……… 46

4.5 Overall discussion……… ……… 47

Chapter 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIO……… 49

5.1 Conclusion……….……… 49

5.2 Recommendation……… 52

APPENDIX: Questionnaire……….……… 54

Management survey……… 54

Citizen survey……… 57

Employee survey………58

REFERENCES……… 60

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LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 2-1The Business in Society

Figure 2-2 Employee Compositions by Region

Figure 4-1 Respondents

Figure 4-2 Citizens and Employees categories

Figure 4-3 Distribution of responses from management survey

Figure 4-4 Distribution of responses from management survey (percentage)

Figure 4-5 Distribution of responses from employee survey

Figure 4-6 Distribution of responses from employee survey (percentage)

Figure 4-7 Distribution of responses from citizen survey

Figure 4-8 Distribution of responses from consumer survey (percentage)

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LIST OF ABBREVIATION

CSR Corporate social responsibility

SRI Social responsibility investing

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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

1.1 CSR in business and environment issue in the world

Corporate social responsibility is a concept that frequently overlaps with similar approaches such as corporate sustainability, corporate sustainable development, corporate responsibility, and corporate citizenship While CSR does not have a universal definition, many see it as the private sector’s way of integrating the economic, social, and environmental imperatives of their activities In addition the most important aspect need to consider when talking about CSR is environment aspect It cannot be denied that nowadays of our nature environment becomes more and more polluted by the human harm thus

to have better imagine in society all companies need also protect our environment For example, Nikon Company committed against environmental pollution, making effective use of resources, and helps build a clean society, thereby protecting and improving the environment worldwide and creating sustainable development of society Nikon is a company that has high social responsibility; Nikon is committed to protecting the environment Nikon’s committed based on the understanding that the company is developing the environmental protection act is should do because it is important for the survival of humankind Nikon will try to reduce CO2 emission and waste, re-use and recycle Besides, Uno is one of the largest companies in Japan have adopted recycled goods programs Another example is the largest beverage

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company is Coca-cola have a lot of community activities such as recycling bottles, distributing its products in water bottles is environmental friendly

1.2 CSR in business and environment issue in Vietnam

Corporate social responsibilities of business are an issue that is mentioned a lot in Vietnam in recent time However, awareness of this issue of business is still quite limited, thus, the implementations of social responsibility of enterprises have many shortcomings

In recent year, although the mass media has frequently reported about violations of environmental pollution of various companies, but most authorities are not strong enough measures to handling these cases, while most businesses are finding ways to evade all responsibility Many people believe that talking about self-discipline of enterprises in environmental protection seems like a distant story and not fact But the environmental pollution from production and processing of products of the business now has reached alarming levels; demonstrating corporate social responsibility for environmental protection is very limited

Lack of social responsibility, lack of moral and cultural of many enterprises that were to happen a series of events related to agricultural products and food does not guarantee protection food safety, such as black soy sauce containing 3-MCPD (a substance that can cause cancer), food preservation borax, irrigated vegetable growth stimulants, fish were reared in environmental pollution, agricultural food products processed using toxic preservatives, antibiotics or pesticides in excess material and allow the most recent batch of milk products tainted with melamine- a toxic

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substances caused kidney stones in children, can lead to death In China on 2008, at least six children died and 300,000 others fell ill after drinking melamine contaminated Industrial chemicals were added to milk products to make them seem

to increase protein content

For above reasons, social responsibility is a very urgent problem today However, by

to endeavor, Vietnam had CSR Awards, which was organized by Vietnam Chamber

of Commerce and Industry, Ministry of Labor-Invalids and Social Affairs, Vietnam Ministry of Industry and Trade since 2005, together with Vietnam Leather & Footwear Association, and The Vietnam National Textile and Garment Group, in order to honor enterprises and all limited companies that effective done of CSR and environment duties On August 21, on Sunday has program “not nylon bag” in Hanoi, the Corporation Hanoi Trade for free environmentally friendly bags to consumers at five centers This program by three units specialized in manufacturing non-woven products accompany Hapro Mr Nguyen Trung Thanh, head of business

of the The Cuong Ltd company, a unit providing cloth bags environmentally friendly, said that these products can be washed and re-used many times “Scientists have studied, nylon bag takes 500-1000 years to decompose, causing danger to the environment, and non-woven bags can break down into humus soil within 6months should environmental pollution”, he said The program has attracted the attention of numerous consumers Mrs Mai Khue Anh, Director of Business Hapro said Hapro will spend nearly 2billion for the project, twice the amount invested in the “Limit manufactured using nylon bag for the environment” by 2010 Ms Khue provide, in the near future, when consumers were aware of the use of bags to protect the environment, they will deploy Hapro sell them for only 4000-7000 per the contract, depending the size, style

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Monday March 26, true to the event Earth Hour 2011, Big C held on peak collection

of used batteries, a type of waste disposal is difficult and dangerous for the environment, system-wide super- their market The total number of batteries collected in one day is over 100 kg Representatives of the unit said Big C has contracted with a company licensed to handle waste batteries The batteries collection will be handled to protect the environment by special procedures, not through landfill

An another example for CSR in business toward social is HUB café is one of the small and medium-scale enterprise implementation of CSR by creating a community library with more than 10,000 books of customer service HUB café also being built into a place to share knowledge, materials and help students to conduct research, organize the sessions and workshops on issues of education, work experience and vocational business Typically, these social programs such as “6 millions cups of milk for children in Vietnam” and funds scholarships “fireflies light” of the big brand like Dutch Lady resonate and consumer support

However, in Vietnam, there are still many difficulties in the application of social responsibility and complete the task environment First, do not have enough laws and regulations required for companies to fulfill their responsibilities to society Second,

it is also due to the lack of knowledge of the company about social responsibilities and environmental duties They do not have enough knowledge and experience

ii, Why should business companies engage in CSR?

iii, What is CSR brings to businesses?

iv, Does each person need to care about CSR?

1.4 Research objective

Through this project, I want to focuses on environment degradation and the need for corporate organizations to fulfill their social responsibilities Using the system theory, the interdependence among the environment, organization and sustainable development was examined System theory has been modified to emphasize the need for businesses to foresee the potential environmental consequences of a process, or production activities from the planning stage to ensure the implementation strategies

to respond fully and promptly

Pollution can be defined as the release of undesirable products of industrial production decreased quality of the natural environment or society This release can

be to air, water and soil, but noise pollution, light pollution, visual pollution and radioactivity can also be distinguished Pollution can harm flora, fauna, and human health risk leading to extinction occurs Substances, often non-existent in the natural

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environment, are added in such quantities that balances in the biosphere are disturbed Indisputable evidence that pollutants are affects the quality of life and cause death to humans Pollution can cause cancer, allergies and all kinds of forms of asthma, among other things Pollution as a problem came to the forefront mainly in the late 19th and 20th centuries Pollution is as old as humanity though Increasing populations and the industrial revolution with its large-scale industrial processes resulted in much more intensified impacts Initially, pollution was seen mainly in the context of hindrance, i.e dust and litter

The realization of the immense and often irreversible effects of pollution has led to

an enormous growth in environmental regulations In the 19th century several countries issued Clean Air Acts and Hindrance Acts Since the second half of the 20thcentury, specific legislation has also been developed for water pollution, soil protection, noise control, waste management and other environmental impacts Most

of the legislation is based on direct regulation, i.e permits These media specific regulations have serious shortcomings, such as shifting pollution from one medium

to another rather than eliminating it, constraining innovation, expensive enforcement and high transaction costs Hence, governments have tried to develop more regulations aiming for integrated pollution control

However, there are many enterprises will not be concerned about toxic waste from the plant It caused water pollution, polluted air of humans This has led to the experimental efficiency in the health of human such as cancer, allergies, and other respiratory diseases

Thereby, the first goal of this project is to provide a theoretical framework for understanding the concept of environmental pollution and fulfill the social

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responsibility of business and related components follow this area to build a framework for companies to have better understanding of CSR and they can avoid violating any issues related to CSR

The second goal of this project is to evaluate the impact of CSR in the environmental issues in companies in Vietnam On the other hand, given what they can achieve and what their advantages when they implement CSR

The last goal of this project is to obtain views from all of industry companies in Vietnam is how the companies are related to social responsibility This project will also try to find the components of this cognitive impact The questions are designed

to get more people thinking in receiving CSR as an annual activity of the company Thereby, this paper also enhancing the sense of responsibility of people to society

1.5 Thesis structure:

My thesis structure is divided into chapters as follow:

Chapter 2 is Literature Review

Chapter 3 is Research methodology

Chapter 4 is Result and discussion

Chapter 5 is Conclusion

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CHAPTER 2: LITTERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Definition and conceptualization of CSR

Corporate Social Responsibility_ What does it mean?

According to Khoury at al., 1999, corporate social responsibility is the overall relationship of the corporation with all of its stakeholders These include customers, employees, communities, owners/investors, government, suppliers and competitors Elements of social responsibility include investment in community outreach, employee relations, creation and maintenance of employment, environmental stewardship and financial performance CSR is considered an important factor as the other traditional factors such as cost, quality and delivery in business Integrate CSR into business strategy and become the conditions required for business survival and development CSR describes the principle that companies can and should make a positive contribution to society CSR

is the practice of managing the social, environmental and economic impacts of the company (by sustainability the 'triple bottom line'), being responsive to 'stakeholders' (those who are affected by a business operation) and behaving according to a set of values which are not codified in law

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Figure 2-1

The other definitions are the World Business Council for Sustainable Development

in its publication “Making Good Business Sense” by Lord Holme and Richard Watts, used the following definition “Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families

as well as of the local community and society at large”

Traditionally in the United States, CSR has been defined much more in terms of a philanthropic model Companies make profit, unhindered except by fulfilling their duty to pay taxes Then they donate a certain share of the profits to charitable causes

It is seen as tainting the act for the company to receive any benefit from the giving The European model is much more focused on operating the core business in a socially responsible way, complemented by investment in communities for solid business case reasons I think this model is more sustainable because first, social

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responsibility becomes an integral part of the wealth creation process- which if managed properly should enhance the competitiveness of business and maximize the value of wealth creation to society Second, when times get hard, there is the incentive to practice CSR more and better- if it is a philanthropic exercise which is peripheral to the main business, it will always be the first thing to go when push comes to shove

For instance, the CSR definition used by Business for Social Responsibility is

“Operating a business in a manner that meets or exceeds the ethical, legal, commercial and public expectations that society has of business”

The UK Government, 2001 state that CSR recognizes that the private sector’s wider commercial interest require it to manage its impact on society and the environment in the widest sense This requires it to establish an appropriate dialogue or partnership with relevant stakeholders, be they employees, customers, investors, suppliers or communities CSR goes beyond legal obligations, involving voluntary, private sector-led engagement, which reflects the priorities and characteristics of each business, as well as sector and local factors

Corporate social responsibility is achieving commercial success in ways that honor ethical values and respect people, communities and the natural environment (Business for social responsibility, 2003b)

To sum up, these organizations have framed different definitions in different ways between them, although there are also significant in common My own definition of social responsibility is the businesses voluntarily contribute to a cleaner environment and a better society

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2.2 Responsibility of the firm

Annual statistics on charitable activities in the business of the UK magazine, The Guardian showed that 100 top companies in the stock market in London is only less than 1% of profit before tax for the operation to charitable and community projects in the past year Although the total amount of British companies to contribute to charities rise 7% to $1.6 billion, but fewer than 34 companies supporting more than 1% of profits Charity fund was supported of the 14 companies at the bottom of the list less than 0.01% of the profits It is not fun is total revenues in 2004 of the charity, the contributions from the business accounts for only 4.3%, decrease 4.8% from

2003 This is the reason that most UK companies are failing on creating trust from the community Only 15% of those surveyed believe that large companies always ensure and enforce the commitments of their social responsibility, 10% oppose the above, while more than 70% of those still skeptical about the CSR of the company

In addition, more than 80% of respondents thought that companies should have to do more to show people what they are doing to society

Environment is one such problem Pressure from organizations such as Greenpeace has pushed companies to be more responsible with the environment and society from the 1960s Some large companies in the U.S and Europe has made environment protection a priority in the manufacturing business, the national environment standards and international companies have been in countries development concerns They considered the provisions on environmental protection as a burden to the production management of their business In particular, the concept needs to factor in

2.3 Corporate Philanthropy_ what does it mean?

Nowadays, companies were more concerned about the CSR, but many others still choose to secure and most popular is charity (Corporate Philanthropy- CP)

However, there are many businesses use this activity as a way of branding So, what has actually achieved real benefits for their existence and their development, or is it

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the value of instant communication? In terms of benefits, CSR brings more value to business than charity For example, a large insurance company in Vietnam has donated 1 billion VND to support food, clothing and cash for poor farmers in the remote areas However, charities are only short-term benefit for community groups need help, not actually help them overcome difficulties in the long -term; not offer specific benefits to enterprises outside the temporal change of reputation Meanwhile, the implementation of CSR is actually contributing and process changes both inside and outside the enterprise

Enterprises can implement CSR by internal improved activities, building a strong system of Governance, efficiency, creating the highest value with the lowest impact

on the environment and society

Besides, CSR encourages businesses to contribute resources and thought into the overall sustainability of the community, becoming a company that is responsible for all manufacturing operations and business For example, the other insurance company, by investing in CSR to improve the process and shorten the time for settlement of compensation cases for clients as injured car owners, they can significantly improve the level of customer satisfaction, but also attract new customers and increase sales Companies can use this money to develop community education programs about traffic safety, it help them understand more about the

“concept to prevent” accidents, just pull off significantly traffic accidents

Thus, the application of CSR is really effective in this mission to help businesses succeed economically as well as bringing long-term benefits to the community In terms of communication, both philanthropy and CSR will help build good image for

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social enterprises However, fame comes from charitable activities often exist only in

a short time

2.4 Hypothesis

2.4.1 Managers’ awareness of CSR and CSR reporting

The term social responsibility means different things to different people Generally, corporate social responsibility is the obligation to take action that protects and improves the welfare of society as a whole as well as organizational interest According to the concept of corporate social responsibility, a manager must strive to achieve both organizational and societal goals The areas in which business can become involved to protect and improve the welfare of society are numerous and diverse Some of the most publicized of these areas urban affairs, consumer affairs, environmental affairs, and employment practices Although numerous businesses are involved in socially responsible activities, much controversy persists about whether such involvement is necessary or appropriate Therefore, managers can use CSR as a tool to raise the reputation of business; or to improve the relationship with the stakeholder, consumers, and employees; or to raise the efficiency and effectiveness

on their performance

Thus, it is recognized that to increase interest in the issue of social responsibility at the management level, in addition to, managers not only attention to the financial interests of the owners also pay attention to the interest of other group such as employees, consumers, Government and general public These interests are directly

Therefore, managers are very important, who make the right decision to build the reputation for the business

Following the above argument, the hypothesis is formulated:

H 1 : Managers’ awareness of CSR and CSR reporting is positive

2.4.2 Employee’s awareness of CSR and CSR reporting

Nowadays, for staff, standard for assessing the implementation of CSR is the best treatment policy for employees as salary, bonus, rent the house for them, etc No discrimination based on race, nationality, religion or gender, and working condition reasonable It will promotes an environment in which diverse employees can maximize their individual potential and fosters personnel who are willing to take on a more active role on the global stage

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Figure 2-2

By supporting the growth of each individual employee and actively cultivating the next generation of human resources, Konica Minolta is taking steps to improve the vitality of the entire Group To enhance the training results of on-the-job development (OJD), the Group conducts a variety of knowledge and skill development seminars, and position-based training for employees who assume new positions and roles The Group has introduced a complementary system which encourages employees to request transfers on their own, with the aim of expanding opportunities for employees to maximize their own professional abilities

Employee’s awareness about CSR is very important, because they are preparing CSR reports If they do not have the objective view and knowledge, truth awareness, they can give out false statements Therefore, the recruitment of staff and their training is indispensable in every business

Following the above argument, the hypothesis is formulated:

H 2 : Employee’s awareness of CSR and CSR reporting is positive

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2.4.3 Citizen’s awareness of CSR

They are people in developing country thus, there are some people are interested in is how they can stabilize their budgets for individuals, for their families They focus only to commodity prices rather than ethical issues However, the study of Dawkins (2004) in the UK point out 74% of respondents indicated that more information on the company’s CSR behavior would affect their purchasing decision The survey results show a strong demand for CSR reports and CSR information can significantly impact the behavior of consumers, Hansen and Schrader described as “consumer responsibility” Basing on the discussion, the third hypothesis can be formulated:

H 3 : Citizens’ awareness of CSR is positive

in use in philosophy, sociology, and history for centuries, and many of the famous studies we refer to in psychology classes every day were actually qualitative There are a wide variety of methods that are common in qualitative measurement In fact, the methods are largely limited by the imagination of the researcher There are some

of the more common methods First is participant observation method One of the most common methods for qualitative data collection, participant observation is also one of the most demanding It requires that the researcher become a participant in the culture or context being observed Participant observation often requires months or years of intensive work because the researcher needs to become accepted as a natural part of the culture in order to assure that the observations are of the natural phenomenon

Second is direct observation method A direct observer doesn’t typically try to become a participant in the context However, the direct observer does strive to be as un-obtrusive as possible so as not to bias the observations Direct observation suggests a more detached perspective The researcher is watching rather than taking part

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One of the most useful qualitative techniques is interviewing It is often a part of all

of the preceding methods Contrary to what many people believe, interviewing is not easy In fact, it is a rare person who is truly skillful at interviewing The researchers have to be very careful not to listen to the person they interview through any prejudiced ideas they might have Researchers have to make sure you are not leading the person in the direction they would like them to go Researchers have to make sure they don’t misinterpret what they say In other words, they need to be very aware of they own biases The strengths of the qualitative method include:

+ To achieve a more specific feel about the world that cannot be obtained in the number of data and statistical analysis utilized in quantitative research;

+ To gather data, analyze subsequently results, and interpret that information flexibly

+ Provide an overview about investigated phenomena

+ Capability to interact with objects that researched in their language and on their terms;

+ Ability to describe on the background of the original and unstructured data;

The weaknesses of the qualitative method include:

+ Starting from the original target of the study in response to the variable nature of context

+ To various deductions compliant with the same information depending on the individual characteristics of the study;

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+ Not able to investigate the causality between the various study phenomena;

+ The difficulty in clarifying the various in the quality and the quantity of information collected from various respondents and lead to different, inconsistent conclusions;

+ Demanding an expert experience from the inquisitor to achieve the necessary information from the respondents;

+ Lack of consistency and reliability due to researchers can apply various detecting techniques and respondents can determine to tell some particular stories and ignore the other

3.1.2 Quantitative methodology

Quantitative research involves counting and measuring of events and performing the statistical analysis of a body of numerical data (Smith, 1988) The assumption behind the positivist paradigm is that there is an objective truth existing in the world that can

be measured and explained scientifically The main concerns of the quantitative paradigm are that measurement is reliable, valid, and general in its clear prediction of cause and effect (Cassell & Symon, 1994) Being deductive and particularistic, quantitative research is based upon formulating the research hypotheses and verifying them empirically on a specific set of data (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 1992) The strength of the quantitative method includes:

+ Declaring the research issue in the set and specific conditions

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+ Specify clearly and accurately the independent variables under study

+ Following certainty the initial set of research objectives, come up with better targeted conclusions, checking hypotheses, identify issues of causality;

+ Obtaining high level of reliability of collected data base on the managed observations, experiments in the laboratory, the entire surveys, or other way of research action

+ Rejecting or minimizing the subjectivity of the judgments and accepts the vertical measure of the results of the study subjects

The weaknesses of the quantitative method include:

+ Cannot give researchers the information about the context of the circumstance where the phenomenon occurs;

+ Not able to control the environment in which respondents provide answers

to questions in the survey;

+ The results are limited to those mentioned in the initial research proposal because of the close of question types and structured formats and don’t encourage the development and ongoing investigation of a studied phenomenon

Through analysis research strengths and weakness of the two methods, I choose the quantitative method to analysis my project

3.2.2 Secondary data

The second source will be used is secondary data_ are those data that have already been collected for purposes other than the problem at hand This source of data will provide the overall picture about application Corporate Social Responsibilities in Vietnam and example of implementing Corporate Social Responsibility in Vietnamese Limited Companies The secondary data will be collected at the low cost

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and quickly from the relating sources such as: books, websites, newspaper, magazines and so on… Besides these advantages, this ways also contain disadvantage For example, the needed information may not available It is very difficult for researcher to get all information they need in secondary data or when the data is available it may usefulness

3.3 Data collection

The survey question for employee in industry and employee in companies, students

of international school, Vietnam National University Hanoi (IS- VNU) and Hanoi university, customers 3 restaurants and 2 necessary shops

The survey questions for management and interview requested letter for managers are sent to eight companies in two sectors: consumption industry and food industry Besides, have some companies are Kinh Do bakery, Dong Phuong bakery, Bao Thanh, Ben Thanh, Ben Tre candy, Gom Bat Trang, Song Long, Rang Dong companies, etc

3.3.1 Questionaire

There are three patterns of survey (Appendix A): managers, employee and citizen which have responsibility of CSR Survey pattern designed for managers include 7questions

The pattern for citizen contains 7 questions