dictionary s (FILEminimizer) tử điển anh việt chuyên ngành công nghệ ô tô

two-stroke engine to clear away, particularly to expel exhaust gas from a cylinder and to fill the cylinder with fresh charge: Quét khí thải trong động cơ 2 kỳ NOTE: these processes

306

Ss

S (a) (short for) Special or Sport,

indicating better performance than

a standard car model: Ký hiệu chỉ

loại xe đặc biệt hoặc thể thao

tốt hơn loại xe thông thường

(b) letter on the sidewall of a tyre

denoting the maximum speed for

which it is designed (180 km/h or

113 mph): Ký tự trên vỏ xe chỉ

tốc độ tối đa 180 km/h

Sacco panels n = SIDE BUMPER

PANELS: Tấm đỡ va bên hông

xe

sacrificial anode n an electropositive

metal coating, such as aluminium

or zinc, that protects the steel of a

car body by corroding first when

attacked by electrolytic action:

Lớp mạ bằng nhôm hoặc kẽm

bảo vệ lớp thép khung xe (chống

ăn mòn điện hóa)

 sacrificial protection =

CATHODIC PROTECTION: Sự

bảo vệ catốt

saddle tank n fuel tank mounted

above the rear axle: Thùng nhiên

liệu đặt trên cầu sau

SAE (short for) Society of Automotive

Engineers: American professional

body which develops standards in

automotive (and aeronautical)

engineering: Hiệp hội kỹ sư ôtô

Hoa Kỳ

SAE gross bhp n old unit of engine

power: Đơn vị cũ đo công suất

động cơ

SAE net bhp n.unit of engine power:

Đơn vị đo công suất động cơ

safe stop wheel n = RUN-ON

TYRE

safety bead seat n general term for

a safety contour on the rim bead seat preventing the tyre bead from sliding into the rim well especially

during cornering manoeuvres: Đai tựa an toàn trên niềng xe

 safety belt n = SEAT BELT:

Dây đai an toàn

 safety catch n catch usually located under the front edge of the bonnet, near the centre, which prevents accidental release of the bonnet if the main cable-operated bonnet lock is activated by

mistake: Chốt an toàn của ca-pô xe(chống mở)

 safety chains n two, crossed chains linking the trailer and vehicle frame as a safeguard if the

towing hitch fails: Dây xích an toàn (giữa đầu kéo và rơ mooc)

Certification (SCC) Label n

US label which must be attached

to the lower half of the left-hand front door lock facing; specifies the VIN and other relevant

information: Nhãn chứng nhận

an toàn (dán ở dưới kính bên trái)

 safety glass n = LAMINATED GLASS

 safety goggles n closefitting glasses or mask to protect the eyes

(e g during welding): Kính bảo hộ (khi hàn)

 safety harness n.= HARNESS

307

safety rim n rim with small ridges

that hold the tyre beads on the

wheel during a tyre blow-out

(instant rupture and air loss) or flat

tyre (slow leak reducing inflation

pressure): Niềng xe loại an toàn

(niềng có ngạnh để giữ mép vỏ

khi bị nổ hoặc xẹp)

safety steering column n =

COLUMN: Trụ lái xếp lại được

 safety valve n valve that

allows fluid to escape when a

certain pressure level has been

reached: Van an toàn, van giảm

áp

 safety wheel n general term

referring to either a wheel with a

safety bead seat or a wheel with

run flat properties: Bánh xe loại

an toàn (chạy được khi xẹp)

sag v & n (to) bend under weight or

pressure: Võng xuống do trọng

lượng hoặc áp suất

sagging door n a door that sits too

low in the door aperture: Sự võng

xuống của cửa

sag or sagging n (paint fault) an

aggravated condition of paint runs

where a curtain of paint runs down

vertical or inclined areas of

bodywork; caused by excessive

build-up of paint, thinners which

are too slow-acting, or excessively

slow movement of the spray gun:

Sự chảy xuống của lớp sơn quá

dày

INCLINATION

SALA suspension n = SHORT ARM

/ LONG ARM SUSPENSION

saloon n two- or four-door car with

seating for four or five people: Xe ôtô mui kín 2 hoặc 4 cửa với 4 hoặc 5 chỗ

(NOTE: US English is sedan)

salt spray chamber n test chamber

for salt spray (fog) testing: Buồng phun muối (thử nghiệm xe)

sand v to smooth or clean a surface

by rubbing with sandpaper: Chà, đánh bằng giấy nhám

sandblasting n cleaning a surface

with a jet of sand (or grit) under

air or steam pressure: Đánh rỉ sét bằng phương pháp thổi cát

 sander n power-driven tool with a rotating abrasive disc for

smoothing and cleaning surfaces: Dụng cụ mài bằng giấy nhám

 sanding block n rubber or plastic block designed to accept strips of sandpaper for manual

sanding: Đĩa cao su hoặc nhựa để quấn giấy nhám khi mài tay

 sandpaper n abrasive paper coated with sand for smoothing

and cleaning: Giấy nhám

 sand scratching n paint fault characterized by the paint film appearing low in gloss and showing primer and metal imperfections in the top coat; may

be caused by excessively coarse

sanding and too thin a paint coat: vết xước sơn

sandwich construction n composite

construction of alloys, plastics

and other materials consisting of

a foam or honeycomb layer and glued between two hard outer

308

sheets: Cấu trúc nhiều lớp vật

liệu khác nhau

(NOTE: also known as sandwich

laminate)

satellite n block of controls near the

steering wheel rim: Tổ hợp công

tắc điều khiển gần tay lái

SBS = SEAT-INTEGRATED BELT

SYSTEM: Hệ thống tích hợp ghế

với dây đai an toàn

scab corrosion n scab-like corrosion

occurring along a scratch in a

coating: Lớp vảy xuất hiện do ăn

mòn theo vết trầy sơn

scale n solid layer of corrosion

products formed on metals at high

temperature: Lớp gỉ do nhiệt độ

cao

 scale rust = loose, flaking rust:

Lớp gỉ dày sắp bong

scanimet n nickel-silicon-carbide

coating for particularly

wear-resistant cylinder walls: Lớp phủ

chống mòn trên thành xi lanh

scavenge v (two-stroke engine) to

clear away, particularly to expel

exhaust gas from a cylinder and to

fill the cylinder with fresh charge:

Quét khí thải (trong động cơ 2

kỳ)

(NOTE: these processes take

place simultaneously in a

two-stroke engine)

scavenging jet n the jet of fresh

charge supplied into the cylinder,

the shape and direction of which

determine the effectiveness of the

scavenging process: Lỗ quét khí

 scavenging losses n if the

exhaust gases remain in the

cylinder, they prevent a full

charge of fresh mixture from entering; the power output is thus

reduced: Sự mất công suất do quét không hết khí thải

 scavenging passage n the passage inside a two-stroke engine that serves to scavenge the exhaust gas from the engine; in most cases it refers to the transfer passage, as the gas column supplied across the transfer port

initiates the scavenging process: Đường quét khí cháy trong động

cơ hai kỳ

 scavenging picture n in experimental two-stroke engine development, a map of the scavenging air velocity distribution and the scavenging jet

orientation inside a cylinder: Biểu đồ mô tả vận tốc và hướng phun khí quét

 scavenging pump n an oil pump in a dry sump system which returns oil from the crankcase to

the main oil reservoir: Bơm trả nhớt từ cacte sang bình chứa

 scavenging system n method used to accomplish the charge-changing process in a two-stroke

engine: Hệ thống quét khí cháy

 scavenging valve n in evaporative emission control systems, a valve in the purge line between activated charcoal canister and inlet manifold which controls the purge air flow that

regenerates the charcoal: Van giữa bầu than hút hơi xăng và ống góp hút

309

SCC = SPARK CONTROL

COMPUTER: Máy tính điều khiển

hệ thống đánh lửa

SCC= SAFETY COMPLIANCE

CERTIFICATION: Giấy chứng

nhận an toàn

scissor jack n mechanical jack with

a scissors-like action: con đội

kiểu kéo

scope n (informal) oscilloscope:

Máy hiện sóng dao động (dao

động ký)

scored a (e g brake disc)

scratched, grooved, or lined with

small cuts: Bị trầy, xước

scrap n waste metal: Phế liệu, kim

loại vụn

scraper ring n = OIL SCRAPER

RING: Bạc (vòng găng), séc

măng nhớt

scrapyard n premises of a dealer in

scrap metal: Bãi phế liệu

screen v to shield from electrical

interference: Bảo vệ khỏi nhiễu

điện từ

screw n threaded fastener, similar to

a bolt, but fully threaded and with

a slotted, hexagonal head, round

head, flat head, fillister head or

socket head and often a shank

which tapers to a point: Đinh ốc,

vít

screwdriver n tool used for turning

screws; usually a wooden or

plastic handle with a thin shank

ending in a cross-cut or flattened

square-cut tip: Cây vặn vít, tuôc

nơ vit

screw extractor n tool for removing

broken studs and screws, with a

tapered left-hand thread which is

screwed into a hole drilled in the

piece to be removed: Tarô lấy vít gãy

 screw pitch gauge n

measuring tool used to idenify thread sizes, featuring a selection

to determine screw pitch: Bộ đo bước ren

scribe v & n (to) cut or scratch with

a pointed instrument, e g (in) a painted surface, for testing purposes or to mark the position of

a part: Kẽ bằng mũi nhọn trên sơn để kiểm tra hoặc đánh dấu

 scriber n pointed steel hand

tool for marking metal: Mũi nhọn kẻ vạch

scrubbing n heavy wear on a tyre

caused by sliding sideways across the road surface, as when

skidding: Sự mòn vỏ xe do trượt

scrub radius n (steering geometry)

geometric parameter: 'positive' if

the steering axis intersects the wheel plane at or below ground level, 'negative' if the point of

intersection is above ground level:

Bán kính lăn – khoảng cách giữa điểm cắt trục lái với mặt phẳng trụ bánh xe

scuff plate n (i) generally, any

protective plate (ii) specifically,

the finishing trim on a door sill: Tấm kim loại bảo vệ

 scuff rib n raised rib on the sidewall of a tyre to protect it

from impact with the kerb: Đường gân trên cạnh vỏ bảo vệ nó khỏi

va chạm mạnh với bờ vỉa hè

scuttle panel n the body shell panel

directly below the front

310

windscreen; often incorporates the

air inlet slots for interior

ventilation: Phần khung dưới

kính trước

(NOTE: US English is cowl)

seal 1 n flexible ring, disc or washer

that prevents the passage of

liquid, air, gas or dirt: Vòng đệm

làm kín, phớt

2 v (a) to prevent the passage of

liquid, air, gas, etc by means of a

seal or sealant (e g on maens,

joints, flanges): Bịt kín bằng phớt

(b) to coat a surface (e g when

undersealing a car) by closing the

pores of the anodic oxide layer in

order to increase the resistance to

staining and its effectiveness

against corrosion: Phủ các lỗ để

chống ăn mòn

 sealant n organic compounds

(such as wax, oil, grease) used to

protect seams or surfaces: Chất

làm kín, keo

(NOTE: also called sealer or

sealing compound)

sealed-beam headlight or unit n

standard American headlamp

design; lens, filament and

reflector are sealed into one unit,

which eliminates reflector

corrosion but when a filament is

broken, a new sealed beam unit

must be installed: Đèn pha có

chóa đèn, kiếng và tim đèn được

chế tạo chung trong một bầu kín

 sealing strip n gas seal to the

epitrochoidal surface in a rotary

piston engine, with the same

function as the piston ring on a

conventional piston engine: Đệm

kín đỉnh piston của động cơ Wankel

seam sealing n the sealing of seams,

usually using organic compounds,

to prevent the penetration of

corrosive agents: Sự làm kín vết nối (để chống ăn mòn)

seat n (a) the part of a vehivle on

which you sit: Ghế ngồi (b) area into which another part

fits securely (such as the seal between a sparking plug or valve

and the cylinder head): Bệ, đế

seat adjuster n knob or lever to

adjust the position of the front

seats: Nút hoặc cần điều chỉnh ghế

seat belt n webbing belt, usually in

the form of a diagonal shoulder belt and lap belt to restrain the

wearer in the event of a collision: Dây đai an toàn

 seat belt anchorage = point where the end of a seat belt is

attached to the body of a car: Chốt giữ đai an toàn

 seat belt tensioner = restraint system controlled by deceleration

sensors: Bộ căng dây đai an toàn

 seat belt warning light = light

on the instrument panel which illuminates if seat belts are not

properly secured: Đèn báo dây đai an toàn

 seating capacity n the number of people for which a car

is designed: Số chỗ ngồi

 seat-integrated (seat) belt

system (SBS) n seat belt with all

belt elements and deflection

311

points integrated in the seat; this

improves occupant restrain in

every seating position, but

particularly sturdy seats and

floorpans are required: Hệ thống

tích hợp ghế với dây đai an toàn

 seat rail or seat runner n

tracks onto which front seat

assemblies are mounted to

provide fore and aft seat

adjustment: Rãnh điều chỉnh ghế

ngồi

 seat rail console = mounting

panel for the seat rails,

spot-welded to the floorpan; the front

consoles are usually somewhat

higher than the rear ones to

produce the desired angle of the

seating surface: Đế bắt ghế

 seat well n sheet metal panel

to cover up the area below the car

seats, especially below the rear

seat bench: Tấm kim loại dưới

ghế sau

secondary air n in some exhaust

emission control systems, e g

thermal reactor or two-bed

converter, secondary (outside) air

is added to the exhaust to ensure

sufficient supply of oxygen to

promote oxidation of HC and CO,

thus converting these pollutants

into harmless water vapour and

carbon dioxide: Khí phụ (bên

ngoài) được thêm vào khí thải

để cung cấp đủ oxi đẩy mạnh

quá trình oxi hóa HC và CO

released: Hệ thống phanh thứ cấp

 secondary circuit n circuit which comprises the secondary winding of the ignition coil, the

distributor, and the sparking plugs: Mạch điện thứ cấp (đánh lửa)

access to boot, glove box, etc.: Chìa khóa phụ (mở các bộ phận khác không phải công tắc máy)

 secondary pattern n

oscilloscope pattern of the

secondary circuit: Kiểu dao động của mạch điện thứ cấp

 secondary piston n (in tandem master cylinder) floating piston which isolates the two braking circuits from each other and

actuates the secondary circuit: Piston thứ cấp trong xylanh cái hai tầng

 secondary pump n oil pump driven via the gearbox output

shaft: Bơm thứ cấp dẫn động từ trục ra của hộp số

 secondary seal n secondary piston seal in a tandem master

cylinder: Coupel piston thứ cấp

 secondary visor n in dual visor systems, the main visor is

312

moved sideways and the

secondary visor is flipped down,

thus shielding the driver from the

sun from both the front and side:

Tấm che nắng phụ

 secondary winding n inner

winding of the ignition coil;

second (gear) n low gear used to

build up speed and for steep hills:

Số 2

section repair n an effective and

economical repair method where

extensive damage is confined to a

specific section of the body shell

and an undamaged section is

taken from a vehicle which has

been written off: Sự phân vùng

sửa chữa thân xe (làm đồng)

sector shaft n = ROCKER SHAFT:

Trục rẽ quạt trong hộp cơ cấu

lái

sedan n US = SALOON: Xe ôtô mui

kín

seed n (paint fault) a uniform

distribution of small particles of

regular size and pattern in a paint

film; caused by contamination of

the paint and poor filtration of the

air lines: Sơn bị nổi hạt

seize v to become stuck; used of

moving parts, such as a piston, and

commonly caused by lack of

lubrication leading to overheating:

Kẹt kính, rúp pê (piston)

selective corrosion n corrosion of

alloys whereby the components

react in proportions differing from

their proportions in the alloys: Ăn mòn theo tỷ lệ trong hợp kim

 selective transmission n transmission layout in which the operator can select any ratio at any time without having to shift through a number of ratios in a

definite order: Hộp số không qua số trung gian

selector fork n part of the selector

mechanism of a manual gearbox, shaped like a two-pronged fork, which fits into the groove round a coupling sleeve and moves a sliding pinion forward or back

along a selector rod: Càng cua (nỉa) gạt số trong hộp số

 selector lever n (automatic gearbox) lever which permits the driver to adapt the gearchanging processes to particular road or driving conditions (slippery road surface, hilly terrain, towing) by choosing one of the drive ranges; reverse, neutral, and parking lock are also selected by means of the

selector lever: Cần chọn số

 selector lever lock = locks the selector lever in 'Neutral' or 'Park' unless the dirver depresses the

brake pedal: Cái khóa cần chọn số

 selector rod n rod running the length of the gearbox, along which

the selector fork travels: Cáp cài số

self-adjusting a of a mechanism that

adjusts itself to compensate for wear or to maintain a certain

distance or level (as of heat): Tự

313

điều chỉnh (theo độ mòn hoặc

nhiệt)

 self-aligning torque n (of

tyres) the restoring force of a tyre

at the centre of the footprint when

subjected to a side force, as when

cornering; this attempt to reduce

the slip angle by the tyre makes

the steering feel heavy to the

driver: Hoàn lực khi xe quay

vòng

 self-cancelling indicator n all

modern direction indicators switch

off automatically when the

steering wheel is returned to the

straight-ahead position: Đèn báo

rẽ (xi nhan) tự tắt khi xe chạy

thẳng

 self-centring (effect) n

(steering geometry) the forces in

a steering system that set the front

wheels straight hen grip on the

steering wheel is released after

cornering: Lực làm tay lái thẳng

sau khi ôm cua (quay vòng)

 self-cleaning n the ability of a

sparking plug to burn off the

deposits of carbon and oil which

build up due to tracking across the

tip: Khả năng tự làm sạch của

bougie

 self-cleaning limit = the lower

limit of the self-cleaning

temperature, generally about

5000C: Giới hạn của nhiệt độ tự

làm sạch

 self-diagnosis n test function

in electronic enigne management

systems with a test programme

monitoring input and output

signals, detecting errors and

storing them permanently in a

fault memory: Sự tự chẩn đoán

 self-energizing see SERVO

BRAKE

 self-ignition n (diesel engine) ignition of the air/fuel mixture caused by high pressure and

temperature: Sự tự cháy (động cơ Diesel)

 self-induction n this occurs when the current in an inductive circuit changes and the magnetic field cuts the conductors; this induced electromotive force opposes the change in current, restricting it if the current is increasing and enhancing it if the

current is decreasing: Sự tự cảm

 self-induction back-voltage = back-voltage produced by self-

induction: Sức điện động tự cảm

 self-levelling shock absorber

n = AIR SHOCK ABSORBER:

Bộ giảm xóc không khí

 self-levelling suspension system = AUTOMATIC LEVEL CONTROL (SYSTEM): Hệ thống treo tự động

 self-levelling (suspension) strut = suspension strut incorporating a shock absorber with a rubber boot filled with compressed air, serving as an auxiliary pneumatic spring: Thanh giằng hệ thống treo tự cân bằng

 self-locking nut n nut with a nylon insert that binds on the

thread and resists vibration: Đai ốc tự khóa

314

 self-operating clutch n =

CENTRIFUGAL CLUTCH: Ly

hợp ly tâm

 self-parking n the ability of a

car to park automatically, without

any input from the driver;

introduced by the VW Futura in

1991: Hệ thống tự đỗ xe

 self-parking wiper =

windscreen wiper that

automatically returns to the

(horizontal) park position when

switched off: Sự tự động dừng

của cần gạt nước (để không che

mắt)

 self-priming pump n pump

which is able to evacuate and

prime the suction pipe: Bơm tự

động mồi nước

(NOTE: opposite in

nonself-priming pump)

 self-regulating sheathed-type

glow plug n originally

sheathed-type glow plugs with a

self-regulating heating coil, now with a

heating and regulating coil:

Bougie xông tự điều chỉnh nhiệt

 self-starter n = STARTER

MOTOR: Môtơ khởi động động

cơ

 self-tapping screw n steel

screw which cuts its own thread

when screwed through a pilot hole

into sheet metal: Đinh ốc tự khóa

sem n a preassembled fastener,

consisting of any type of screw or

bolt, furnished with a toothed

washer: Ốc siết có loong đền

răng

semaphore indicator n direction

indicator used before flashers

were introduced, consisting of a lighted arrow that popped out from the side of the car when the turn indicators switch was

actuated: Loại đèn báo rẽ nhan) kiểu cũ

(xi-(NOTE: also called trafficator)

semi-active suspension n suspension

whose characteristics can be tuned

to driving conditions, such as by hydraulic adjustment of spring supports plus electronic correction

of the damping rate: Hệ thống treo điện tử

 semi-automatic transmission

n transmission in which the

clutch is disengaged and engaged automatically when the

re-driver actuates the gear lever: Hộp số bán tự động

 semiconductor n solid material such as silicon that has a resistivity midway between that of

a conductor and a resistor, with properties of both a conductor and

an insulator; used as substrates for semiconductor devices such as diodes, transistors, and integrated

circuits: Chất bán dẫn

 semiconductor ignition system

= ignition system that uses semiconductors for the swtching

operations: Hệ thống đánh lửa bán dẫn

 semi-elliptic leaf spring n leaf spring with a camber in the form

of one half of an ellipse: Lá nhíp hình bán elip

 semi-floating axle n live rear axle assembly in which the weight

of the vehicle is transferred from

315

the axle housing to the axle shaft,

usually by a bearing within the

housing, close to the wheel centre

plane; the end of the axle shaft

facing the differential is supported

by the differential bearings, i e

the axle shaft will carry rotational

as well as bending loads: Loại

cầu sau mà khối lượng xe truyền

từ vỏ cầu đến trục qua vòng bi

 semi-independent suspension

n rear axle design with a

torsionally flexible crossmember,

the wheels being located on

trailing links: Hệ thống treo bán

độc lập

 semi trailer n type of trailer

that only has wheels at the rear,

the front being supported by the

towing vehicle: Rơ mooc chỉ có

bánh sau

Sendzimir process n continuous

strip galvanizing process, named

after its inventor: Qui trình mạ

điện Sendzimir

sensor n any device that receives

and reacts to a signal, such as a

change in voltage, temperature or

pressure: Cảm biến

 sensor flap = part of an airflow

sensor which serves as a measure

for the induced air volume; a

potentiometer converts sensor flap

movement into changes in

electrical voltage, a form in which

these signals can be evaluated by

the fuel injection control unit:

Cánh trượt trong cảm biến đo

gió cánh trượt

 sensor plate = plate in the

mixture control unit of a CIS,

attached to a lever that operates the control plunger in the fuel distributor; the sensor plate position is governed by the amount of air admitted to the engine via the throttle valve and

auxiliary air regulator: Cánh đo gió trong hệ thống phun xăng kiểu K

separate-application adhesive n

adhesive consisting of two parts; one part being applied to one face and the other part to the other face and the two faces brought together

to form a joint: Keo dán 2 mặt

 separate chassis n the traditional body and frame design before the introduction of unitary construction; the body was lowered onto the chassis and

bolted toit: Khung gầm loại tách rời

 separate lubrication n engine lubrication principle whereby the oil is no longer mixed with the fuel, but is fed by

a metering pump from a separate oil tank to the engine components

to be lubricated: Sự bôi trơn độc lập (không pha nhớt vào xăng) (NOTE: opposite is petrol lubrication)

 separation n after long storage, liquid ingredients of paints and fillers may separate in the can on top of the material; in most cases, this can be overcome

by stirring the contents of the can

thoroughly before use: sơn bị lắng

 separation line n = CUTTING

LINE: Đường cắt

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 separator n (a) generally,

anything that physically separates

one part from another: Thiết bị,

vật cách ly

(b) (of lead-acid battery) plates

of insulating material which

physically separate the positive

plates from the negative plates:

Tấm cách điện (ắc quy)

(c) a filter or trap: Lọc

sequential fuel injection (SFI) n

fuel injection system in which

bursts of petrol are sprayed into

the inlet ports by injectors at timed

intervals: Hệ thống phun nhiên

liệu tuần tự (độc lập theo từng

series n two or more components

connected in a circuit so that the

same current flows in turn through

each of them: Nối tiếp (mạch

điện)

(NOTE: opposite is parallel)

 series circuit = circuit with two

or more resistance units so wired

that current must pass through one

unit before reaching the other:

Mạch điện nối tiếp

serrated shaft n shaft with

V-shaped grooves: Trục then hoa

serration n series of teeth on an

edge (as on a saw): Đường răng

cưa

service 1 n periodic overhaul,

usually carried out by a garage;

includes changing the oil and oil

filter, checking the brakes, tyres,

ignition (usually changing the sparking plugs), electrical, fuel and cooling systems, and taking the vehicle on a test run to check the steering, suspension, and transmission systems as well as the performance of the engine and

brakes: Việc bảo dưỡng định kỳ

2 v to carry out a service on a

vehicle: Bảo dưỡng

 service brake n foot-operated brake used for retarding, stopping and controlling the vehicle during

normal driving conditions: Phanh chân

 service interval n the time or mileage between services (e g

12 months or 10,000 miles,

whichever should come sooner): Khoảng thời gian giữa 2 lần bảo dưỡng

 service life n the length of time a component or system will

remain reliable and safe: Tuổi thọ máy móc

 servicing n carrying out a

service: Sự bảo dưỡng

servo n (informal) =

SERVO-MECHANISM

 servo-assisted a =

POWER-ASSISTED: Trợ lực

 servo brake n a drum brake

in which the shoes are arranged so that one shoe helps to apply the other, to create a self-energizing

effect in both shoes: Phanh trống với tang này đẩy tang kia

 servomechanism n device that provides power assistance to operate a control (e g a brake or

clutch): Cơ cấu trợ lực

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 servo motor n small electric

motor that supplies power to a

servomechanism: Mô tơ trợ lực

set v (a) to adjust to a standard:

Điều chỉnh

(b) (e g body filler) to harden:

Làm cho cứng

setscrew n fully threaded bolt with a

parallel shaft, used to secure

metal parts together (such as a hub

or wheel to a shaft); can have a

variety of heads, the most

common being hexagonal, round

or countersunk: Đinh ốc hãm, giữ

setting n (a) adjustment: Sự điều

chỉnh

(b) (e g body filler) hardening:

Sự cứng lại (của ma tít)

settle v to sink to the bottom (of a

liquid): Lắng xuống (của chất

lỏng)

CONSUMPTION: Mức tiêu haọ

nhiên liệu riêng

SFI = SEQUENTIAL FUEL

INJECTION: Sự phun nhiên liệu

tuần tự

shackle n pivoting link between the

rear end of a leaf spring and the

bodywork or chassis, which moves

as the length of the spring varies:

Vòng kẹp nhíp xe

 windscreen shackle =

SUNSHIELD: Tấm che nắng

shaft n round bar which transmits

turning power from one part to

another: Trục

 shaft distributor = distributor

whose drive shaft projects into the

engine; the shaft is driven via a

gearing system or a coupling: Bộ

chia điện có trục dài

(NOTE: opposite is short-type distributor)

 shaft seal = seal used to prevent leaks between stationary parts and rotating shafts and to

exclude foreign matter: Phốt làm kín trục

 shaft sleeve = sleeve which protects a shaft from erosion,

corrosion, and wear at shaft seals: Ống bọc ngoài trục, chụp bụi

shallow pits n corrosion in the form

of pits whose diameter is substantially larger than their

depth: Vết gỉ cạn

shammy leather : Da thuộc

shank n (a) the part of a bolt between

the head and the thread: Phần không có ren trên thân bu lông (b) the part of a bit which is held

in the drill: Đầu gắn lưỡi khoan

 shank length = (of bolts) the distance from the last full form

thread to the bearing face: Chiều dài phần thân bu lông không làm ren

shared component n parts or

components which are identical in various models of a car family, such as those used on a saloon and its convertible derivative; typical shared components are body panels, suspension components,

brakes: Những phụ tùng dùng chung được trên các đời xe khác nhau

shaving (the body) n custom car

modification to remove all chrome parts at the front or rear end to

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achieve smooth contours

highlighted only by the paint and

the body modifications; in most

cases, only a side chrome strip is

retained: Tô xe, vẽ trang trí xe

(NOTE: also called nosing or

decking)

shear v to distort or fracture as a

result of excess torsion or

transverse load: Biến dạng (gãy

đứt) do xoắn

 shear (head) bolt n bolt

whose head may (intentionally) be

sheared off to make extraction

difficult: Sự biến dạng đầu

bu-lông

sheathed-type glow plug n

single-pole glow plug having a tubular

heating element with a heating

coil or a heating and regulator coil

surrounding the inner cone and the

flame feather: Phần ngoài ngọn

lửa hàn

sheet metal n metal (steel) in the

form of a thin sheet (pressed to

form car body panels): Tấm kim

loại

 sheet metal blank = a flat

sheet metal panel as supplied by

the trade; used to make repair

panels for various body repair

purposes: tấm kim loại để vá

thùng xe

 sheet metal clamp = lock-grip

pliers with wide, flat jaws used to

locate sheet metal parts for

welding or to bend small sheet metal parts along the edges of the

jaws: kềm kẹp tấm kim loại để hàn

(NOTE: when used for bending

sheet metal, may also be referred

to as bending pliers)

 sheet metal cutter = any tool

used to cut sheet metal: Máy cắt tấm kim loại

 sheet metal folder = machine used to bend sheet metal along a predetermined line using

mechanical force: Dụng cụ uốn, gấp mép tấm kim loại

 sheet metal remains = a strip

of metal left on the edges after the bulk of a panel has been cut out; this strip is then removed carefully

to ensure that the flanges to avoid

cutting out excessive material: Phần còn lại của các tấm kim loại sau khi cắt khung

 sheet metal roller = large machine to curve or roll metal in a

single plane: Máy cán tấm kim loại

sheet wheel n.wheel made aluminium

sheet material: Bánh xe được chế tạo từ vật liệu nhôm tấm

sheet panel n a deep-drawn steel

panel fitted horizontally behind the rear seat back-rest of notchback saloons to support the plastic or foam moulding that makes up the rear shelf, visible

from the outside: Tấm kim loại phía sau ghế sau

shell n structural case or housing: Vỏ

 shell bearing n type of bearing used for main bearings

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and big-end bearings, consisting

of a circular housing which can be

divided into two halves, and which

encloses a pair of bearing shells:

Bạc lót 2 nửa (cốt máy)

sherardizing n coating iron objects

with zinc powder by tumbling in

powdered zinc at about

250-3750C: Sự tráng kẽm, mạ kẽm

shield(ing) n = SCREEN(ING)

shift v US to change gear: sang số

 shifter n US gear or selector

lever: Tay gạt số

 shift(er) fork = selector fork:

Cần sang số

 shifting n US = GEAR

CHANGE: Sang số

 shift interlock n US device

which prevents different shift

forks in the transmission from

being moved at the same time, by

locking into the inoperative shift

fork as the other is being moved; a

gearchange cannot be made

unless the inoperative shift fork is

in its neutral position: Khóa càng

sang số

 shift lever n (a) US = GEAR

LEVER

(b) (inside an automatic gearbox)

lever which connects the selector

lever cable to the manual valve of

the control valve body: Cần chọn

số trong hộp số tự động

(c) component used in

pre-engaged starter motors to force

the pinion against the flywheel

ring gear: Cần đẩy trong rơ le

gài khớp máy khởi động

 shift lock n (automatic

gearbox) = SELECTOR LEVER

LOCK: Cái khóa cần chọn số (tự động)

 shift valve n US = CHANGE

VALVE: Van đổi số

shim 1 n (a) thin packing strip (e g

between wishbone and frame): Miếng viền mỏng

(b) (valve clearance) a spacer

required for the adjustment of valve clearance in OHC or DOHC-engines equipped with

tappets: Miếng chêm chỉnh sú páp

2 v to modify by the use of

shims: Chêm, chèn bằng đệm

shimmy n rapid side-to-side

vibration of the front wheels: Sự đảo bánh trước

shim pliers n = VALVE SHIM

PLIERS: Cái kìm tháo lắp miếng chêm sú páp

shock absorber or (informal) shock

n any device designed to absorb

mechanical shock but especially the spring damper in a vehicle

suspension system: Bộ giảm chấn

 shock absorber tower = sheet metal panel of hollowed or box-section design that is spot-welded

to the body and serves as an anchoring point for the top shock

absorber mount: Ụ giữ trên bộ giảm chấn

shopping car n similar to a city car,

may be even smaller: Xe nhỏ

shop primer n coating which

temporarily protects a work from

corrosion, e g during shipment: Phủ sáp để chống ăn mòn khi vận chuyển xe bằng đường thuỷ

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shore hardness (test) n test method

for the determination of

indentation hardness of nonrigid

plastics: Phương pháp kiểm tra

độ cứng nhựa

short arm/ long arm (SALA)

suspension n =

SUSPENSION: Hệ thống treo

đòn ngắn/đòn dài

short block n engine block complete

with crankshaft and piston

assemblies but without external

parts such as head, sump, oil or

fuel pump, etc.: Khối động cơ

gồm piston, xy lanh, trục khuỷu

 short block engine = engine

with a relatively short crankshaft:

Động cơ có trục khuỷu ngắn

(NOTE: opposite is long block)

short circuit n electrical fault

whereby the current bypasses part

of the circuit and finds a path of

low resistance through which an

excessive current can flow,

causing a fuse to blow, wiring to

be overloaded or a flat battery:

Đoản mạch, ngắn mạch

 short circuit between the

plates = undesirable electrically

conductive connection between

positive and negative plates

within a battery cell; makes

battery inoperative: Sự chập

mạch giữa hai bản cực ắc quy

 short circuiting n occurs

during the scavenging process of a

two-stroke engine when some of

the fresh mixture entering the

cylinder may flow across the

cylinder and escape via the

exhaust ports without producing

any scavenging effect: Sự lọt khí trong quá trình quét khí ở động

cơ hai kỳ

 short engine n fully reconditioned engine but without external parts such as head, sump,

oil or fuel pump, etc.: Khối động

cơ gồm piston, xy lanh, trục khuỷu vừa đại tu

 short stroke engine n reciprocating piston engine whose bore diameter is larger than the stroke; a relatively short stroke improves high-end revving ability

at the cost of low-end torque: Động cơ có hành trình piston ngắn

(NOTE: opposite is long stroke engine)

 short-type distributor n distributor without a drive shaft; the drive coupling is located directly at the base of the ignition

distributor housing: Bộ chia điện kiểu ngắn (không có trục dẫn động)

(NOTE: opposite is shaft distributor)

shoulder n the part of a tyre between

the tread and the sidewall: Hông vỏ xe

shrink-fit v to achieve an extremely

close fit, by either expanding the external part by heating, or contracting the internal part by cooling, so that when the parts return to normal temperature they

fit tightly together: Lắp nóng hoặc lạnh

321

shrinking n body repair technique

used to repair locally stretched

areas by using heat or special

body hammers: Kỹ thuật làm

đồng thân xe dùng nhiệt và búa

shunt (informal) 1 v to crash: Đâm

sầm vào

 shunt firing or shunting n

(sparking plug) short circuit at the

firing end, caused by electrically

conductive deposits: Rò đánh lửa

ở cực bougie do muội than

shut line n line between a closed

door and the bodywork: Khe hở

giữa cửa và thân xe

shutter (blade) n curved metal vane

of a Hall generator: Cánh chắn

của cảm biến Hall

shuttle valve n valve in which the

actuating member shuttles back

and forth: Van con thoi

SI = SPARK IGNITION: Sự đánh

lửa bằng tia lửa (cưỡng bức)

SID = SIDE IMPACT DUMMY:

Người nộm để kiểm tra sự va

chạm bên hông

 side bumper panels n large

plastic body side mouldings

attached to the lower body sides

which protect the body against

road debris, road salt corrosion

and mechanical impact: Tấm cản

bên hông

(NOTE: introduced on

Mercedes-Benz cars by chief designer Bruno

Sacco, thus also called Sacco

panels)

sidedraught carburettor n

carburettor with a horizontal

barrel so that the air intake is at

the side: Bộ chế hòa khí hút ngang

 side electrode n earth electrode at the side of the threaded part of a sparking plug

shell: Điện cực bìa bougie

 side flasher n small (amber) direction indicator located in the

side of the frontwings: Đèn báo rẽ xi nhan bên hông xe

DIFFERENTIAL SIDE GEAR

 side impact bar n longitudinal reinforcing beam in a car door,

designed to withstand side impact: Tấm bảo vệ bên hông

 side impact dummy (SID) = dummy developed to investigate

the effects of side impact crashes: Người nộm để kiểm tra sự va chạm bên hông

 sidelamp n = SIDELIGHT

 side-lift jack n = TOWER

JACK: Con đội dạng tháp (đội chết)

 sidelight n low-intensity white front lamp, often incorporated in

the headlamp: Đèn nhỏ trong đèn đầu

 side marker light/lamp n intensity lamp mounted on the side of a vehicle to indicate its

low-presence when seen side-on: Đèn báo bên hông (báo kích thước xe)

 side member n.box-section member inboard of the outer sill that often runs from the front to the rear of the car and provides reinforcement of both sides of the

floorpan: Thanh dọc sườn xe

322

 side pipe n exhaust pipe

running along the side of the car:

Ống pô dọc hông xe

 side radiator guard n

moulded cover panel fitted to the

sides of the radiator to protect it

from water splashes: Tấm chắn

bên hông két nước

 side rail n.= SIDE MEMBER

 side rod n = TIE ROD: Thanh

lái, rô tuyn

 side scoop n air intake for the

engine and/or for cooling on

mid-engine or rear-engine cars;

typically found on sports cars such

as the Ferrari range: Khí nạp cho

động cơ ở giữa hoặc sau xe

 side shaft n = AXLE SHAFT

 side shake n = END PLAY

 side shift n damage to the

frame when the vehicle has been

hit from the side: Sự biến dạng

bên hông (do bị đụng bên hông)

 side step n (commercial

vehicles) step plate below the

doors to facilitate entry into the

relatively high cabin: Bậc bước

lên xe

 sideswipe n body damage

caused by the car hitting an

obstacle at an acute angle, causing

the panels to be dented over a

relatively large area: Sự hư hỏng

bên hông xe khi đụng vào

chướng ngại vật theo hướng

nghiêng

 side-valve (SV) engine n

engine with the valves to the side

of the cylinders: Động cơ với xú

páp đặt bên hông xylanh

 sidewall n (a) side of a tyre between the bead and the edge of

the tread: Cạnh vỏ xe

(b)vertical part of the box section

of a side member: Cạnh bên của thanh dọc khung xe

SI engine n spark ignition engine or

petrol engine: internal combustion

engine of the reciprocating type in which an air/ fuel mixture is compressed and then ignited by an

electric spark: Động cơ đánh lửa cưỡng bức

sight glass n viewing glass or window

set in the refrigerant pipe of a car's air-conditioning system, usually in the top of the receiver-drier, which allows a visual check

of the refrigerant passing from the

receiver to the evaporator: Cửa kính xem tình trạng ga lạnh trên lọc ga

(NOTE: the fluid should be clear

and free of foam)

 sighting point gauge n device incorporating a sighting pin, used

to measure car bodies for

misalignment: Thiết bị đo độ lệch thân xe

silencer n (a) (exhaust system)

device through which the exhaust gases pass and which reduces

exhaust noise: Ống giảm thanh, ống pô

(NOTE: US English is muffler) (b) (air duct) device in an air-

conditioning system designed to minimize pumping sounds from

the compressor: Giảm âm cho máy nén trong hệ thống điều hoà nhiệt độ

323

 silencer shaft n = BALANCE

SHAFT

 silencer-tailpipe tool n (i)

chisel-type tool with several

cutting edges to cut silencer

sleeves without damaging

tailpipes; (ii) L-shaped tool whose

short end is sriven between the

silencer and tailpipe to break the

bond: Dụng cụ cắt vỏ ống pô

silent chain n chain with V-shaped

teeth: Loại dây xích có răng chữ

V

silica n common mineral (silicon

dioxide) found as sand, quartz,

etc , used in the manufacture of

glass, ceramics and abrasives:

Cát trắng (Silic đioxyt)

 silica gel = form of silica

capable of absorbing large

quantities of water, used to keep

electronic apparatus, etc , dry:

Chất hút ẩm

 silica sand = form of silica used

for sherardizing or mechanical

plating: Cát dùng khi mạ

silicon n non-metallic chemical

element occurring in several

forms (principally sand and rock),

used in the manufacture of glass

and steel (as well as transistors

etc.): Silic (hóa học)

 silicon carbide = material of

excellent abrasion and corrion

resistance used in bearings and

mechanical seals: cacbua silic

(thường dùng trong bạc đạn)

 silicone n a silicon compound

with high resistance to heat, water

and chemicals, and with good

insulating and lubricating

properties; used in oils, polishes,

sealant, etc.: Keo silicon

 silicon brake fluid = brake

fluid with does not absorb water: Dầu phanh silicon (không hút nước)

 silicon-rubber sealant = liquid sealant which is proof against oil and water but not

semi-petrol: Chất bịt kín bằng cao su silicon (cho nước, nhớt)

(NOTE: also called RTV sealant)

sill n (a) longitudinal box-section

member of the body shell at floor

level, located below the doors (b)

box-section crossmember just below the lower edge of the bootlid (when closed): Cái

ngưỡng cửa

sillment seal n (sparking plug)

gas-tight seal between centre electrode and insulation and between insulation and shell

Sillment: Đệm kín giữa sứ cách điện và điện cực giữa bougie silver-plating n electrolytic deposition of silver: Mạ bạc

simplex chain n chain with only one

row of rollers: Xích đơn

Simpson (planetary) gear set n

consists of two simple planetary gear sets with a common sun gear and internal dears of different ;the planet carrier of one set isfixed to

the internal gear of the other set: Cụm bánh răng hành tinh Simpson

 single-bed 3-way catalytic

converter n converter for the

control of HC, CO, and NOx emissions, consisting of one three-

324

way catalyst; in combination with

an oxygen sensor, this type of

converter ueilds the lowest

emission values: Bộ xúc tác ba

tác dụng

 single-bed oxidizing converter

= converter with one catalyst bed

for HC and CO control: Bộ xúc

tác một tác dụng

 single-circuit braking system

n old form of hydraulic braking

system in which a single circuit

serves all four brakes: Hệ thống

phanh một mạch dầu

(NOTE: not to be confused with

single-line braking system)

 single-coil twin ignition n in

the early days of straight eight

engines, a distributor with two sets

of contact points, firing

alternately: Hệ thống đánh lửa

có bộ chia điện với hai vít lửa

 single-connector system n

electrical circuit, where only one

conductor is laid from the voltage

source to the load; return is

realized via the vehicle body: Hệ

thống điện một dây (dùng sườn

xe làm dây dẫn chung)

 single-cut file n file with

teeth in one direction only, used

for filing soft material: Giũa có

răng theo một hướng

 single-cylinder engine n not

used on cars but typical for small

motorbikes, motocross bikes, and

go-carts: Động cơ một xy lanh

 single-decker bus n bus with

one storey or deck: Xe buýt một

tầng

 single-grade (engine) oil n oil suitable for use within a narrow temperature range; outside this range, its flow characteristics will

not allow adequate lubrication: Dầu nhớt đơn cấp

 single-leaf spring n single element suspension spring in the

form of a flexible beam: Nhíp đơn

 single-line braking system n braking system in which a single line is used to connect towing

vehicle and trailer: Hệ thống phanh một mạch dầu

(NOTE: not to be confused with single-circuit braking system)

 single overhead camshaft

(sohc or SOHC) n in a typical

sohc engine, the camshaft is located between the valves and is driven by a chain from the crankshaft; the valves are normally opened via short roker

arms: Động cơ có một trục cam trên nắp máy

 single-piece rim/wheel n =

Niềng xe / bánh xe liền

 single-plate clutch n normal type of clutch, with one driven plate; usually dry (i e without

oil): Ly hợp một đĩa (thường là loại khô)

 single point injection (SPI) n petrol fuel-injection system which sprays fuel under pressure into the intake air at one place, usually the throttle body on the inlet manifold; it is less complicated than a multi-point injection system

325

but achieves better carburation

than a carburettor: Hệ thống

phun đơn điểm

 single roller chain n =

SIMPLEX CHAIN: Xích con lăn

đơn

 single-spark ignition coil n in

a distributorless ignition system

with an odd number of cylinders,

each cylinder requires its own

ignition coil; distributor logic on

the low-voltage side performs the

voltage distribution to each coil:

Bôbin đơn

 single-tube shock absorber n

common type of shock absorber

with the working cylinder and

reservoir contained in one tube:

Bộ giảm chấn một ống

 single-wheel suspension n =

INDEPENDENT SUSPENSION:

Hệ thống treo độc lập

sink in v a tendency of a hardened

filler to settle excessively, making

the feather edges of the filled area

stand out on the painted surface:

Hiện tượng ma tít trồi ra ngoài

vùng sơn (sơn)

sinter v to manufacture parts from

powdered metals by heating or

pressure or both: Sản xuất chi

tiết từ bột kim loại

INFLATABLE RESTRAINT

six-cylinder engine n engine with

six cylinders; may be in-line (a

straight six) or in a layout (a

V-6): Động cơ sáu xy lanh

 six-light saloon n old

designation of a four-door body

style that features another small

quarter window behind the rear side doors, resulting in three side windows per side or six windows

overall: Ô tô mui kín sáu cửa

 sixteen valve (16V) engine n

a four-cylinder engine with four

valves to each cylinder: Động cơ

16 sú páp

size marking n first part of a tyre

marking moulded on the sidewall, giving the tyre's width in

millimetres: Bề rộng vỏ xe ghi bên hông vỏ

skeleton construction n modern

construction layout of the unitary type, using a skeleton-like assembly as the main structural member, thus relieving stress

from the body sheet metal: mô hình khung nguyên khối (để giảm ứng suất)

skid 1 v (i) to slide sideways (often

out of control) (ii) to slide in a straight line (as after sudden braking with, maybe, locked

 skid pan or US skid pad n large paved area, usually circular and with various circles painted on

it, made deliberately slippery so it may be used to practise

controlling skids, lateral

acceleration tests, etc.: Khoảnh đất tập trượt (dành cho những

326

người tập lái xe có thể tập xử lý

những tình huống trượt)

 skid plate n = SUMP GUARD

skin n the outer covering surface of

a vehicle: Lớp sơn ngoài (xe)

skirt: Phần thân dưới

skylight n pop-up window in the roof

of a caravan: Cửa sổ ở mui xe

slant engine n.= INCLINED ENGINE

SLA suspension n = SHORT

ARM/LONG ARM SUSPENSION

slave con rod n connecting rod of

two-stroke dual piston engines

which is articulated on the master

con rod, not directly on the

crankpin: Thanh truyền phụ

(trong động cơ 2 kỳ piston đôi)

 slave cylinder n small cylinder

containing a piston which, under

hydraulic pressure from a master

cylinder, operates the brake shoes

or pads in hydraulic brakes or

the working part in any other

hydraulically operated system

(such as clutch slave cylinder): Xy

lanh con (phanh, ly hợp)ï

sleeve n (a) tube fitted externally

over two cylindrical parts in order

to joint them: Ống bọc ngoài để

contruction: bạc lót dạng ống

slide carburettor n.type of carburettor

often used in two-stroke

motocycle engines, in which a

slide valve modifies the venturi of

the carburettor: Bộ chế hòa khí

có van trượt (động cơ 2 kỳ)

 slide hammer n tool with a long round shaft on which a hammer weight slides; the force produced by quickly moving the weight towards the end of the shaft is used for loosening or pulling off tight parts; often used

in combination with pullers: Búa trượt

 slide valve n valve that slides across an aperture to expose the

port or opening: Van trượt

sliding-caliper disc brake n disc

brake design with a sliding

caliper: (i) (caliper floats on

caliper frame grooves) major

components are: caliper (a casting

with one cylinder and piston), caliper frame (casting); the caliper floats on 'ways' in the frame, and the caliper frame is bolted to the suspension; (ii) (caliper floats on carliper locating pins) = PIN

BRAKE; (iii) (with mounting frame) = FLOATING-FRAME

DISC BRAKE: Bộ kẹp phanh đĩa

di động

sliding contacts n (ignition)

assembly developed by Lucas, that causes the moving contact to slide vertically across the face of the fixed contact when the spark is

advanced: vít lửa trượt (hệ thống đánh lửa Lucas)

 sliding friction n frictional resistance to relative movement of

surfaces on loaded contact: Ma sát trượt

 sliding joint or US slip joint or

plunging joint n connection in the

327

drive train, of variable length,

which permits the drive shaft to

change its effective length: Khớp

nối trượt

sliding-mesh gearbox n

obsolete type of gearbox in which

the gears on the layshaft are fixed

to the shaft rigidly, whereas the

gears on the main shaft can slide

on it by means of splines but are

otherwise in permanent rotational

mesh with the shaft: Hộp số cài

số bằng khớp trượt

 sliding-pillar suspension n

once popular front suspension

layout, incorporated for example

in Lancia and Morgan cars, in

which a carrier-mounted stub axle

slides up and down a vertical

pillar with enclosed coil springs

providing the suspension; less

sophisticated versions were used

in several pre-war cycle cars: Hệ

thống treo có trụ trượt

 sliding side window n window

style of classic roadsters,

consisting of aluminium frames

with tracks for two sliding window

panels made of clear Plexiglas,

and with draught seals; on some

ears, also furnished with flaps:

Loại cửa hông trượt

sliding-vane pump n positive

displacement pump in which an

eccentric rotor revolves in an

eccentric or circular case: Bơm

cánh trượt (rôto lẹch tâm)

sliding weight n functional part of a

sliding hammer that provides the

inertia required for the pulling

force: Quả trượt (búa)

slip n relative motion between driving

and driven parts: Sự trượt

 slip angle n angular difference between the direction in which a tyre is effectively rolling and the

wheel plane: Góc trượt

 slip friction n = SLIDING

FRICTION: Ma sát trượt

 slip joint n (a) US = SLIDING

JOINT (b) connection in an exhaust pipe: Khớp nối trượt

slip ring n in an alternator, the rings

that form a rotating connection between the armature windings

and the brushes: Vòng tiếp điện (máy phát)

 slip-ring end bracket = cover housing the bearing at the slip-

ring end of an alternator: miếng chặn ổ bi (phía vòng tiếp điện) (NOTE: opposite is drive end bracket)

slip roll n = SHEET METAL

ROLLER

slip stream 1 n stream of air behind

a moving vehicle: Luồng không khí đằng sau xe đang chuyển động

2 v to drive closely behind

another vehicle in order to benefit from the decreased wind

resistance immediately behind it: chạy sau xe khác để ít bị cản gió

slip the clutch v to operate the

clutch so that it partially disengages, as when keeping up the revs when driving off; causes

wear on the clutch: Rà ly hợp

sloper n (informal) = INCLINED

ENGINE

328

sloping headlamp n old headlamp

type used on the VW Beetle prior

to 1967: Đèn pha nghiêng

slot n a narrow channel or aperture,

especially the groove in the head

of a screw which receives the tip

of the blade of a screwdriver:

Rãnh, đầu vít (vít dẹp)

 slotted piston n = SPLIT

SKIRT PISTON

slow charging n (battery) charging

using a charging current which

corresponds to 10% of the battery

capacity: Sự nạp điện chậm (ắc

quy)

SLOW DOWN indicator n indicator

light in the instrument panel that

warns the driver to slow down in

the event of excessive catalytic

converter temperature: Đèn trên

tableau báo tài xế chạy chậm lại

khi nhiệt độ của bộ xúc tác quá

cao

slow-running n = IDLING

sludge n = OIL SLUDGE

sluggish a unresponsive; functioning

at below normal rate or level:

Hoạt động dưới mức bình

thường

slushbox n (informal) =

AUTOMATIC GEARBOX: Hộp

số tự động

slush moulding n thermoplastic

casting in which a liquid resin is

poured into a hot, hollow mould

where a viscous skin forms;

excess slush is drained off, the

mould is cooled, and the moulded

product is stripped out: Đúc nhựa

small block engine n an American

V-8 engine with typically 289 cu

in displacement; still very powerful, but not quite as

gargantuan as the big block: Loại động cơ V8 của Mỹ

 small end n top of a connecting

rod, attached to the gudgeon pin: Đầu nhỏ thanh truyền

 small end bearing = the smaller bearing of the two on a connecting rod and through which the piston is attached; usually fitted with a plain bearing or a

needle-roller assembly: Bạc lót đầu nhỏ thanh truyền

smoke n the visible product of

combustion; a common problem with diesel cars on starting or pulling hard, caused by too much fuel (black smoke) or oil (blue

smoke): Khói xả (màu)

 smoke meter = instrument which measures the density of

(especially diesel) exhaust smoke: Dụng cụ đo đặc khói xả

Sn symbol for tin: Thiếc

snake n (caravan or trailer) to swing

from side to side when being

towed too fast: Đảo mạnh qua lại khi kéo nhanh rơ mooc

snap ring n US = CIRCLIP snatch v = GRAB

snipe-nose pliers n = LONG-NOSE

PLIERS

snips n tool used to cut straight,

circular and irregular patterns in sheet metal material; available in

329

various designs for straight, left-

or right-hand cut: Kéo cắt tôn

snow chains n chains which are

wrapped around tyres to provide

extra traction in snow or ice: dây

xích bọc vỏ xe (khi chạy đường

tuyết)

 snow chain switch = signals the

ASR system that snow chains are

fitted to the drive wheels: công

tắc báo cho hệ thống ổn định xe

biết bánh xe bọc xích

snow tyre n = WINTER TYRE:

Loại lốp xe đi trên băng tuyết

snubber n = BUMP STOP

soaking time n time required before

a dry-charged battery is ready for

use after being filled with acid:

Thời gian cần thiết để ắc quy

mới sử dụng được sau khi châm

acid

Society of Motor Manufacturers and

Traders (SMMT) n official

organization of the British motor

industry: Hiệp hội những nhà sản

xuất và kinh doanh ôtô

socket n (a) any recess formed for

the purpose of receiving a spigot

or other part, especially one into

which an electrical connector may

be inserted: Lỗ cắm (điện)

(b) cylindrical spanner head with

one end shaped to fit over the

head of a nut or bolt, and a female

square drive at the other end to

accept the drive tool: Đầu tuýp,

nụ

 socket driver =

screwdriver-type handle for use with sockets:

Tua vít vặn tuýp

 socket spanner = spanner with socket end(s) or a drive tool

combined with a socket: Cần siết tuýp

sodium-cooled exhaust valve n the

exhaust valves of some performance engines are filled with sodium to improve the heat dissipation from the valve stem to the valve guide, since the exhaust valve is subject to higher thermal

high-loads than the inlet valve: Sú páp xả trong ruột có chứa chất Natri để dẫn nhiệt

 sodium-sulphur battery n new type of battery, with higher energy density than conventional batteries such as the lead-acid battery; developed for use in

electric powered vehicles: Bình ắc quy Na-S

softening agent n = PLASTICIZER:

Chất làm mềm

soft face hammer n tool for striking

objects without marking; usually has replaceable screw-in faces

made of plastic, nylon, or rubber:

Búa đầu nhựa

 soft-sided caravan n caravan with canvas or other fabric walls, which folds compactly to the size and shape of a small trailer whose light weight and low profile result

in low wind resistance and fuel

consumption: Xe có khung được bọc bằng vải bạt

 soft top n a convertible with a roof made of fabric rather than

metal: Xe mui trần có mui vải

330

SOHC or sohc = SINGLE

OVERHEAD CAMSHAFT: Trục

cam đơn trên nắp máy

solar car n lightweight electric

vehicle powered by solar

generators: Xe sử dụng năng

lượng mặt trời

 solar collector n heat

exchanger that transforms solar

radiant energy into heat; typical

solar collectors are flat-plate

collectors and concentrating

collectors: Bộ thu nhiệt mặt trời

 solar generator n a

panel-shaped array of photovoltaic cells

designed to transform solar

radiant energy directly into

electric energy; installed on car

roofs, they can be used to

recharge the batteries of

electric-powered cars: Pin năng lượng

mặt trời đặt trên nóc xe điện

solder 1 n alloy which is melted to

form a joint between two metal

surfaces; typically, soft solders are

alloys of lead and tin, whilst hard

solders are alloys of copper and

zinc: Hợp kim hàn (gồm chì và

thiếc hoặc đồng và kẽm)

2 v to join together using solder:

Hàn

 soldering iron n tool with a

handle attached to a copper or iron

tip which is heated, electrically or

in a flame, and used to melt solder

to make joints: Dụng cụ kẹp que

hàn

solenoid n an electrically energized

coil of insulated wire which

produces a magnetic field within

the coil, usually used to pull a

movable iron core/plunger to a central position within the coil; used as an actuating device, e g

for valves: Cuộn dây (nam châm điện)

 solenoid starter switch = solenoid-operated starter motor

switch: Công tắc máy khởi động dùng solenoid

 solenoid valve = valve actuated electrically by means of an

electromagnet, or 'solenoid' : Van solenoid

solid a (of brake discs) unventilated:

Đĩa phanh không thông gió

 solid disc wheel n = PLAIN DISC WHEEL

 solidify v to become solid,

compact, or hard: Trở nên cứng

 solid injection n = DIRECT

INJECTION: Phun trực tiếp

 solid paint n paint of one

uniform colour, not metallic: Sơn một màu

 solid propellant n propellant in pellet form, used to inflate air

bags: Chất nổ rắn (túi khí)

 solid-state ignition (system) n

IGNITION (SYSTEM): Hệ thống đánh lửa không dùng bộ chia điện (trực tiếp)

 solid tyre n solid rubber tyre

that is not inflated by air: Vỏ đặc (không có ruột)

(NOTE: opposite is pneumatic tyre)

soluable anode n positive electrode

of a galvanic cell at which metal

ions pass into solution: Cực dương hòa tan (pin gavani)