dictionary j,k,l (FILEminimizer) từ điển anh việt chuyên ngành công nghệ ô tô

i precision-made hole to control the flow of petrol, air or air/ fuel mixture, as in a carburettor: Gíclơ, lỗ tia.. pair of well-insulated electrical cables with crocodile-clip ends, us

199

Jj

jack n mechanical or hydraulic device

for raising (part of) a car: Cái

kích, con đội

jack stand = AXLE STAND: Con đội

kê, con đội chết (3 chân)

jack up v to raise using a jack: Kích

lên (xe ôtô)

jacking point = strengthened place on

the under body to put the jack:

Điểm đặt kích (dưới gầm xe)

(NOTE: small cars have one point

on each side but larger cars may

have two)

jackknife v (of articulated lorries)

to go out of control when braking

harshly so that the trailer slews

round at an angle to the cab: Mất

điều khiển khi phanh (xe kéo

container)

jackshaft n = INTERMEDIATE

SHAFT: Trục trung gian

jalopy n (informal) a worn-out old

car: Ôtô rất cũ

jamb switch n push-button light

switch located in a door jamb (e

g for courtesy lights, boot light):

Công tắc cửa

jam nut n = SELF-LOCKING NUT:

Đai ốc tự hãm

jerking see JOLTING

jet n (i) precision-made hole to

control the flow of petrol, air or

air/ fuel mixture, as in a

carburettor: Gíclơ, lỗ tia

(ii) the nozzle containing such a

hole: Vòi phun

jet adjuster = nut that regulates the

volume or strength of the air / fuel

mixture in a variable-choke

carburettor: Vít điều chỉnh gíclơ jet carrier or jet head = removable

plug in a carburettor containing

the jet: Ốc đậy lỗ gíclơ

jet needle = tapered needle in a carburettor jet: Kim lỗ tia

jet tube = tube that houses the main jet in an SU carburettor: Ống chứa gíclơ chính

jet process n process by which the

thickness of hot-dip galvanized coating on steel strips can be regulated, allowing the application

of coatings of different thicknesses on the two sides of

steel strips: Quá trình điều chỉnh bề dày lớp phủ

J-flange n most widely used rim

flange type for passenger car wheels; the J-flange is 17.3 mm in

height: Mép niềng hình chữ J

jib-jack n lever-type tower jack:

Kích nâng bằng cần

JJD wheel n safety wheel which can

be run when deflated: Bánh xe an toàn (có thể chạy khi xì vỏ)

job n particular piece of work: Công

việc, việc

lube job = lubrication of an engine: Sự bôi trơn động cơ

valve job = replacing or regrinding old valves: Sự thay thế hay mài lại xúpáp

jockey pulley or wheel n

free-turning, spring-loaded idler used

to tension the timing belt: Puli căng đai

200

joggle 1 n slight step along the edge

of a panel to provide a level

mounting and welding surface so

that it can be overlapped against

the adjacent panel for subsequent

lap or spot welding: Gờ, vấu, mí

2 v to join by means of a joggle:

Nối bằng gờ

 joggler n metalworking tool

used for creating a joggle: Dụng

cụ tạo vấu

joint n the interface at which two or

more mechanical or structural

components are united: Khớp nối,

mối nối, mối ghép

 joint splitting tool n = BALL

JOINT SEPARATOR: Dụng cụ

tháo khớp nối cầu

jolting n effect caused by harsh

clutch release: car body jerks

repeatedly in a longitudinal

direction: Sự giật khi nhả ly hợp

joule n SI unit of measurement of

energy: Đơn vị năng lượng, kí

hiệu J

(NOTE: usually written J with

figures: 25J)

jounce and rebound n = BUMP

AND REBOUND

 jounce buffer or bumper n

compression buffer at the top of

the shock absorber or strut: Cái

đệm giảm xóc

journal n the part of a shaft which is

supported by a bearing: Cổ trục

joyride 1 n a reckless drive in a

stolen car: Chạy xe liều lĩnh trên

xe trộm được

judder 1 v to shake or vibrate: Rung

xóc

2 n shaking or vibration (brake

judder; clutch judder; wiper blade

judder): Sự rung xóc

juggernaut n a very large goods

lorry: Xe tải nặng

jumper cable n US = JUMP LEAD: Dây nối tắt

 jump leads n pair of well-insulated electrical cables with crocodile-clip ends, used to connect the two live terminals of a functioning battery to the dead terminals of a flat one to get a car

with a discharged battery started : Cặp dây nối ắc quy ngoài để khởi động

 jump start v to start a car with

a flat battery using jump leads to obtain a charge from a nearby live

battery: Khởi động bằng cách nối ắc quy ngoài

junk 1 n scrap: Phế liệu, sự cắt vụn

2 v to scrap: Cắt vụn, đập vụn

ra

 junkyard n place where cars

are sent for scrap: Bãi xe phế liệu

just-in-time system n system of

production where components are delivered as they are required

rather than keeping them in store: Hệ thống sản xuất nhịp nhàng (Nhật)

201

Kk

Kadenacy effect n when a port a

two-stroke engine opens abruptly,

as is the case with a rectangular

exhaust port, the cylinder pressure

gives rise to a positive pressure

wave transmitted down the

exhaust pipe at the speed of sound

Kadenacy: Hiệu ứng Kadenacy

kangarooing n (informal) moving

forward in a succession of sudden

jerks as a result of improper use of

the clutch, (a characteristic of

learner drivers): xe chạy không

đều do mới học lái

keep alive memory (KAM) n =

FAULT MEMORY: Bộ nhớ mã

lỗi

kerb n stone edging between the

pavement and the road: Lề

đường

(NOTE: US English is curb)

 kerb weight n weight of a

vehicle with fuel, oil and coolant

but without occupants, luggage or

payload: Khối lượng xe không có

người và hành lý

kerosene or kerosine n.(a) fuel for

jet engines: Xăng cho động cơ

phản lực

(b) US = PARAFFIN: Dầu hỏa

key 1 n (a) metal instrument for

turning locks and key-operated

switches: Chìa khóa

(b) small peg or wedge that fits

into a keyway: Chìa khóa

(c ) L-shaped tool for turning:

Khóa chữ L để quay

(d) recessed screws (e g Allen

key): Khóa mở ốc chìm

 key file n small file with a length of 100/ 150 mm for sharpening key holes and other small components, available in standard shapes, e g as flat tapered, flat parallel, half round, three square, square or round file:

Dũa nhỏ mài lỗ khóa

keyless entry system n allows

locking and unlocking of the vehicle's doors and boot without

using a key: Hệ thống khóa cửa

không chìa khóa (từ xa)

keyway n slot cut into a component

which accepts the key (b) of another component to ensure such

a tight fit that the two components

operate as one: Rãnh đút chìa

khóa

K-flange n rim flange type for

passenger car wheels; the K-flange is 19.3 mm in height and

rarely used today : Mép niềng xe kiểu K

kick v US = GO OFF: Xuất phát

 kickdown (KD) n (automatic gearbox) system that enables a driver to accelerate rapidly, by fully depressing the accelerator pedal to engage a lower gear than the one selected by the automatic

gearbox: Hệ thống gia tốc nhanh trong hộp số tự động bằng cách đạp hết ga

(NOTE: US English is forced downshift)

202

kickdown valve = mechanically or

electrically operated valve which

actuates a downward gearchange

if the accelerator pedal is fully

depressed: Van xuống số khi

tăng tốc

 kickplate or kick strip n =

SCUFF PLATE

 kick start v to start a

motorcycle engine by kicking a

pedal downwards: Cần khởi

động

 kickstarter n pedal lever and

ratchet mechanism for kick

starting an engine: Cơ cấu khởi

động bằng cần (giò đạp)

 kickup n raised section of the

frame and body to provide

clearance for the front and/or rear

suspension system or axles: Sự

nâng gầm

 kickup pipe = exhaust pipe

section including the elbow or U

around the rear axle: Ống uốn

khúc của bộ giảm thanh (pô)

kidney dolly n = TOE DOLLY

kilometre (km) or US kilometer n

unit of length (1 km = 0.621 mile;

1 mile = 1.61 km)

kilometres per hour (km/h) = unit of

velocity: Đơn vị đo vận tốc

kilopascal (kPa) n SI measurement

of pressure (= 1000 Pascals): Đơn

vị đo áp suất

kingpin n vertical or inclined shaft

about which a steered wheel

pivots: Trụ quay lái

kingpin axis = centreline of the ball

joints in a front suspension

system: Đường tâm của khớp bi

trong hệ thống treo trước

(NOTE: also called swivel-axis inclination)

kingpin offset = geometric parameter:

'positive' if the kingpin axis intersects the wheel plane at or below ground level, ' negative ' if the point of intersection is above

ground level: góc kingpin

(NOTE: also called scrub radius)

kink 1 n twist or sharp bend in a

hose: Chỗ thắt nút, chỗ xoắn trên ống mềm

2 v to form a kink (check for

kinked, clogged, or damaged

hoses): Thắt nút, xoắn lại (ống mềm)

kit n set of tools, parts, etc.: Bộ

dụng cụ, bộ phụ tùng

 kit car n car that is assembled (often by the DIY enthusiast) from its constituent parts; usually with a

GRP body shell: Xe tự lắp K-jetronic n commonly used mechanical fuel injection system made by Bosch in which the amount of fuel injected continuously under pressure into the inlet ports is controlled by an

airflow meter: Hệ thống phun xăng liên tục kiểu cơ khí

km (short for) kilometre

km/h = kilometres per hour

knifing stopper n fine grade filler

for minor dents and chips: Loại

ma tit để dặm vá các vùng lõm nhỏ trên thân xe

knock n = ENGINE KNOCK:

Tiếng gõ động cơ, kích nổ

 knock control n retards the spark advance when detonation

occurs: Sự kiểm soát kích nổ

203

knocker n (informal US) = PANEL

PULLER

knock limit n degree of spark

advance before detonation: Góc

đánh lửa sớm tại thời điểm có

kích nổ

knock-off/on nut n = SPINNER

 knock-off wheel n

splined-hub wheel with one central

locking nut (spinner) which is

knocked on and off with a

soft-headed hammer: bánh xe một ốc

khoá

knock resistance n = OCTANE

NUMBER: Chỉ số chống kích nổ

 knock sensor n =

DETONATION SENSOR: Cảm

biến kích nổ

knuckle n (i) the joint of a hinge

through which the pin passes:

Bản lề

(ii) hinged joint between two rods

or tubes: Khớp nối hai trục (ống)

 knuckle arm n = STEERING

ARM: Trục dẫn hướng

 knuckle pin n = KINGPIN

knurl 1 n (on nuts, knobs) (series

of) small ridges to provide a grip

for fingers: Khía trên ốc để dễ vặn

2 v to roughen with knurls: Tạo khía

knurled nut = thumb nut with knurled sides : Đai ốc có khía

 knurling n roughening with

knurls: Sự tạo khía

KPI = KINGPIN INCLINATION: Độ nghiêng trụ quay lái

204

Ll

L (a) (automatic transmission) =

LOW: Số thấp (hộp số tự động)

Labour v (engine) to struggle to

keep turning due to lack of revs or

the use of too high a gear: Di

chuyển khó vì tốc độ thấp hoặc

số cao

 labouring n (of engine) having

difficulty in turning: lì máy

(NOTE: US English is lugging)

ladder chassis or US ladder frame n

chassis layout in which the side

members are connected at

intervals by cross members, like a

ladder; common on coachbuilt

designs, obsolete in modern

unitary construction designs:

Khung xe hình cái thang

lake pipes or Lake pipes n non

functional side pipes fitted for

decorative purposes only: Các

ống bên hông để làm đẹp xe

lambda n eleventh letter of the

Greek alphabet:  - chữ cái Hy

lạp thứ 11

 lambda probe or lambda

sensor n = OXYGEN SENSOR:

Cảm biến oxy, cảm biến lambda

 lambda window n narrow

range (where lambda = 1), which

yields the lowest emission values

for CO, NOx, and HC: Vùng

quanh điểm tỷ lệ hoà khí lý

tưởng  = 1

laminate 1 n a sheet of material

made of several different bonded

layers: Tấm do nhiều lớp khác

nhau dán lại

2 v to make material by bonding

together several thin sheets: Được ép ra từ nhiều tấm

 laminated glass = sandwich-type construction of two or more panes of glass laminated together with an extremely tough, crystal-clear plastic film; on severe impact, laminated glass will crack, but not shatter like ordinary glass, nor craze over like toughened

glass: Kính an toàn có nhiều lớp (khi đụng chỉ nứt mà không vỡ)

 laminated iron core = the core

of an ignition coil consisting of pieces of soft iron laminations,

insulated from one another: Lõi sắt của bôbin gồm nhiều miếng ghép lại

 laminated windscreen = windscreen made with laminated

glass: Kính trước được ép từ nhiều miếng mỏng

 laminating n covering sheets with a particular layer or covering moulded parts with a specific

plastic film: Ép nhựa

 lamination n (i) act of laminating (ii) thin layer (iii)

structure made up of thin layer: Sự ép, lớp mỏng, cấu trúc làm từ nhiều lớp mỏng

lamp n lighting unit: Cái đèn

 lamp aperture = opening in a sheet metal panel for mounting

the headlamp or taillight: Lỗ khung bắt đèn đầu hoặc đuôi

205

 lamp blackening = blackening

of a light bulb; gradual blackening

of conventional, i e non-halogen

light bulbs, occurs as a result of

metal vapour deposition on the

glass envelope which reduces

light emission; severe blackening

indicates imminent bulb failure:

Sự đen đầu bóng đèn do

vonfram bốc hơi

 lamp cluster = group of lamps

behind a cover; the rear lights of

most cars are grouped together in

clusters: Cụm đèn gồm nhiều

bóng gần nhau

lamp panel = panel that

encloses part or all of the

headlamp or taillight cutout and

may extend across the width of

the car to include both cutouts; in

the latter case, it forms an

additional panel to be joined to

the smaller front or rear valances:

Khung đèn

 lamp socket US = BULB

HOLDER: Đui đèn, lỗ cắm bóng

đèn

 lamp unit = sealed light unit

with reflector and lens all-in-one:

Cụm đèn tích hợp gồm cả gương

phản chiếu và lăng kính

land n smooth, open area of a

(grooved) surface, such as the

bands of metal between the

grooves in a piston which carry

the piston rings: Rãnh xéc măng

landau or landaulet n classic car

style characterized by the fact that

only the rear seats were protected

by a hard or convertible top,

whereas the driver was exposed to

the open air in order to be more aware of road and weather conditions; an imitation landaulet style is still found on some

American sedans (saloons): Loại

xe cổ điển mui trần nhưng có tấm che ghế sau

lane n (a) narrow road, often in the

country: Đường hẹp (b) track on a road, defining lines

of traffic: Làn xe, tuyến

lap 1 n rotating disc covered with

fine abrasive for polishing: Đá mài

2 v (valve seats etc.) to polish

with a lap: Mài (đế sú páp) bằng đá mài

 lap belt n 2-point belt pulled across the hips, or lap belt portion

of a combined lap/shoulder belt; mostly only on the rear centre seat, on some models on all rear

seats: Đai an toàn buộc qua hông

 lap joint n (welding) simple joint made by overlapping one surface with another and joining

them together: Sự ghép mí, hàn chồng mí

lash n US = FREE PLAY: Khoảng

dịch chuyển tự do

last station memory n (audio/video)

circuit which ensures that when the unit is turned on, the tuner automatically tunes to the station that was received before the unit

was turned off: Mạch nhớ đài cuối (radio, TV)

latch n part of the locking mechanism

of doors, bonnets, boots, tailgates: Chốt, then gài

206

latch (ing) pillar n = B-PILLAR:

Trụ đỡ trung tâm khung cửa

lateral a relating to the side: Thuộc

mặt bên, ở bên

 lateral acceleration n

centrifugal force moving a vehicle

towards the outside of a curve

when cornering: Lực trượt ngang

khi quay vòng

lateral air passage n passage at the

nozzle of a spray gun for shaping

the spray pattern to a long or

elongated oval: Lỗ không khí ở

đầu súng phun sơn định dạng tia

phun

 lateral atomization orifice =

additional passages at the nozzle of

a spray gun for supplying

additional air to break up the paint

unto smaller droplets: Lỗ phụ ở

đầu vòi phun sơn dùng để tán

nhỏ sơn

 lateral grip n ability of a tyre

to maintain its course, or remain

under normal steering control,

while being subjected to

directionally disturbing

influences: Sự ổn định chuyển

động của bánh xe khi có tác

động bên ngoài

 lateral impact n side crash:

Sự va chạm bên hông

 lateral runout n side-to-side

wobble (e g of wheel, brake disc,

rotor): Độ đảo bề mặt (bánh xe,

đĩa phanh …)

(NOTE: the maximum lateral

runout of a brake disc should not

exceed 0.004 in or 0.1 mm)

 lateral stability n =

LATERAL GRIP: Sự ổn định ngang

 lateral stiffness n resistance of

a vehicle body structure to lateral

impact: Khả năng chịu lực của khung đối với chấn động bên hông (Độ cứng ngang)

lay-by n place at the side of a road

where drivers can stop (to rest): Nơi có thể dừng xe (trạm dừng)

layer of pure zinc n top layer on

hotdip galvanized steel which, in contrast to zinc-iron alloy layers, almost completely consists of

zinc: Lớp kẽm mạ trên thép

 layer thickness n coating thickness (indicated in

micrometres or millimetres): Độ dày lớp phủ (sơn)

Layrub coupling n universal joint

using four moulded rubber inserts

mounted on a round steel plate: Khớp nối Layrub có 4 cục cao su lồng vào đĩa thép

layshaft n intermediate shaft between

and parallel to the input and output shafts, carrying the two pairs of gearwheels which provide

the required changes in gear ratio: Trục trung gian (có gắn cặp bánh răng) trong hộp số

(NOTE: US English is

countershaft)

lazy tongs n (i) any device with

extensible arms (often in the form

of a series of crossed, hinged bars)

for handling objects at a distance: Dụng cụ có tay nối

207

(ii) specifically, a type of pop

rivet gun with such arms: Súng

tán divê có đầu nối

LCD (short for) liquid-crystal display:

an optical, digital display used in

the instrument panel: Màn hình

tinh thể lỏng

LDC = LOWER DEAD CENTRE:

Điểm chết dưới

POLYETHYLENE: Nhựa PE tỷ

trọng thấp

lead 1 n soft, toxic, heavy metal used

in starter batteries, and in leaded

fuel as an anti-knock agent: Chì

 lead-acid battery = system of

lead plates and dilute sulphuric

acid; used as a starter battery and

as a traction battery in electric

vehicles: Ắc quy axít chì

 lead-antimony grid = Lưới

sườn bản cực bằng hợp kim chì

antimon

 lead deposit = lead particles

that separate from the battery

plates during normal operation:

Lớp cặn chì (ắc quy)

 leaded petrol = petrol to

which lead has been added as an

anti-knock agent: Xăng pha chì

 lead-free petrol = unleaded

petrol: Xăng không pha chì

 lead glazing = faulty sparking

plug condition caused by molten

lead salt deposits that solidify into

a yellow, brown or green glaze:

Tình trạng bougie bị hư do điện

cực bị bám chì

 lead loading = the process of

filling dents and damaged areas of

the bodywork with body lead: Sự trám chì (làm đồng)

 lead peroxide = poisonous compound used, for example, as an

electrode in batteries: PbO 2 – chất làm bản cực dương ắc quy

 lead sulphate = chemical compound; poisonous white crystals found in discharged

batteries: Sunfat chì

 lead tolerance = resistance to

leaded fuel: Chống xăng pha chì

 lead weight = balance weight

on a wheel rim: Miếng chì cân bằng trên mâm bánh xe

lead 2 n (a) connection cable for an

electric current: Dây nối (điện) (b) (bolt, screw) distance from

the thread crest to the adjacent

crest of the same thread: Bước ren

lead and lag n terms referring to the

time between a valve opening and TDC or BDC (valve lead), and the time between TDC or BDC and a

valve closing (valve lag): Thời gian từ lúc sú pap đóng đến khi piston lên điểm chết trên hoặc chết dưới và thời gian sú páp mở đến khi piston lên điểm chết trên hoặc chết dưới

leading a forward or at the front:

Dẫn đầu, đầu

 leading arm = front suspension link which supports the

wheel in front of the pivot point: Đòn dẫn hướng

 leading shoe = shoe of a brake

drum system which pivots outwards

into the approaching drum: Bố phanh (trống)

208

(NOTE: US English is primary

shoe)

leaf spring n flat, narrow, metal strip

of varying length used as a spring:

Lò xo lá, nhíp

lean a of a weak air/ fuel mixture

that has less petrol than normal:

Thiếu xăng (hỗn hợp hòa khí

nghèo)

(NOTE: opposite is rich)

 Lean Authority Limit Switch

n developed by GM to monitor

heated carburettor inlet air

through an air cleaner TVS and to

prevent the control unit from

providing the carburettor with too

lean a mixture, for better

performance when starting from

cold: Công tắc giới hạn hoà khí

nghèo (để dễ khởi động)

 lean-burn engine n engine

which uses a lean mixture of fuel

and air to increase fuel economy

and reduce exhaust emissions:

Động cơ đốt nghèo

 lean mixture n mixture with

more oxygen than necessary to

burn the fuel contained in the

mixture: Hỗn hợp hòa khí nghèo

(NOTE: opposite is rich mixture)

LED (short for) light-emitting diode:

a semiconductor device used for

digital displays in the instrument

panel: Điốt phát quang

left-hand drive (LHD) a steering

system where the steering wheel

is located on the left-hand side of

the vehicle; used for driving on

the right, as in most parts of the

world, except for some

Commonwealth countries (e g

the UK and Australia), and Japan: Tay lái thuận, tay lái bên trái (NOTE: opposite is right-hand drive)

 left-hand thread n thread which will accept a nut turned

anticlockwise: Ren ngược

leftward welding n welding a seam

towards the left: Hàn theo hướng trái

legroom n the amount of space

available to move one's legs in a

vehicle: Chỗ để chân, chỗ duỗi chân

LE-Jetronic n the LE-Jetronic

system incorporates the advantages of direct airflow

enhancements afforded by

electronics: Hệ thống phun xăng điện tử đo trực tiếp lưu lượng khí nạp

lemon n a new or used car with

many defects: Xe có quá nhiều khuyết tật

lens n glass or plastic front cover of

a headlight through which the

light converges or diverges: Thấu kính, kính khuyếch tán ở đèn đầu

let in v (clutch) to engage: Gài

khớp

 let out v to release: Nhả

khớp, xả

level n Mức

 level out v to work on a panel

to remove irregularities with the use of hammer and dolly or by

filling and sanding, etc.: Làm phẳng (gò) thân xe