lakMa: tiing Thd Nhl Ky, hf ngdn ngtt Altai, ngdn ngCt chip dinh, hda hpp nguyfin im, tiip vIngO hju td Tiing Thd NhT Ky TOrkiye Tilrkfesi li mdt ngdn ngii diin hinh ciia nhdm ngdn ng& T
Trang 1Lu VT An Mpt so dgc diim ca bdn cua tiing Tho NhT Ky
MOT S6 DAC DIEM CO BAN CUA TifiNG T H 6 NHI K t
Ltr VTAn*
riing Tho Nhi Ky Id mpt ngon ngu thupe ngO hf Altai, dugc su dung chinh thtic tgi nuac Cpng hoa Thd Nhi Ky v&i khodng hem 70 trifu ngu&i noi Tiing Thd NhiKy CO ddc diim Id mpt ngon ngO chdp dinh, su dung cdc hgu 16 di md rpng tu sti dung nguyin tdc hoa hpp nguyen dm, dong thai co hf thdng ngO phdp v&i cdc qtiy lugt chgt che vi mgt cti phdp vd hinh thai Bdi viit phdn tich vd ldm rd nhung dgc diim ca bdn ctia tiing Thd NhT Ky
lakMa: tiing Thd Nhl Ky, hf ngdn ngtt Altai, ngdn ngCt chip dinh, hda hpp nguyfin
im, tiip vIngO (hju td)
Tiing Thd NhT Ky (TOrkiye Tilrkfesi)
li mdt ngdn ngii diin hinh ciia nhdm ngdn
ng& Turk (Turkic) thudc hf ngdn ngii
Altai** Nd la ngdn ngO; chinh thirc ciia
Cdng hda Thd NhT Ky vdi hem 70 trifu
ngudi ndi Bfin cgnh dd cdn cd cdng ddng
khoang 6 trifu ngudi nhgp cu Thd NhT Ky
sinh sdng rii ric tgi cic nudc Tiy Au (chii
yiu li Hi Lan, Dire, Ao ) sir dyng nd nhu
tiing m? de Dya theo khio sit ciia
Ethnologue, ngoii Cpng hda Thd NhT Ky,
hifn tgi nhflng ngudi ndi tiing Thd NhT Ky
cdn sinh sdng tgi 34 qudc gia khic nhau
•HVCH., D»i hpc Sakarya, C§ng hda Thd NhT Ky
•• SOkrO HalQk Akalin (2010), "TOrk Dili: Dflnya Dili
(Turkic Language: World Language)", Afilim TUrkfe
Ders Kitabi I, Diset Yaymlan, i 6
Ciing vdi xu thi hpi nhjp toin ciu, tieng Thd NhT Ky dang dupc giing dgy tgi nhiiu qudc gia trfin thi gidi Bp mdn Thd NhT Ky hpc (Ttirkoloji) vdi vifc nghifin ciiu
vi giing dgy ngdn ngii, vin hda Thd NhT
Ky cung dupc thinh ljp d 28 qudc gia' Hogt dpng niy cdn dupc thuc diy bdi Vifn Yunus Emre thdng qua ca quan dgi difn ciia vifn nay d 35 qudc gia trfin thi gidil Trii qua nhiiu giai dogn Ijch sii khic nhau, tiing Thd NhT Ky cung di trai qua nhifiu biin ddi vi mit ciu tnic vi vin ty Tir nim 1928, bing vifc ip dyng bing chfl
§Ukrtl HalQk Akalin (2010), "TQrk Dili: DQnya Dili
(Turkic Language: World Language)", A(ilim Tiirkfe Ders Kitabi I, Diset Yaymlan, s 12
http://www.yee.org.tr/tr/yunusenireenstitusu (truy c|p lln cu6i ngiy 09/08/2016)
Trang 2Nghiai ciiu An E)p vi Chau A Sd 11 - 2016 cai Latin nhu mpt hf quy chuin mdi cho
ngdn ngir, thay thi cac bing chir cii da cd
tii truOT dd nhu Gokturk, Uygur vi Arap,
tiing Thd NhT Ky bit diu dupc hifn dgi
hda "Vatandof Turkge konuf (Cdng din
ndi tifing Thd) dupc diing lim khiu hifu
thuc diy tiin trinh ndi tren Nhiing die
difim cua tiing Thd NhT Ky dupc thi hifn d
mpt sd ndi dung ca bin:
1 Tieng Tho Nhi Ky la m$t ngon ngir
thupe loai hinh chip dinh (niem kit)
Dya theo ciu tnic va chiirc ning mi cic
ngdn ngii dupc phin chia thinh cic logi
hinh khic nhau Trong dd gdm cd nhdm
R ngdn ngii don Ijp vi nhdm ngdn ngii khdng
don % Nhdm ngdn ngir khdng dom Ijp lgi
dupc chia thinh cic logi hinh c h ^ dinh
(nifim kit), chuyin dgng (hda kit) vi da
tdng hpp (hdn nhjp)^ Tiing Thd NhT Ky
thupe logi hinh ngdn ngO chip dinh (cilng
vdi tiing Nhjt, tiing Hin vi tiing Mdng
Co) DJc trung niy dupc thi hifn d vifc
tiing Thd Nhl Ky sii dyng rpng rii cic tiip
vT ngii tire hju td (sonek) di ciu tgo tit vi
biiu thj cic mdi quan hf ngdn ngii Di diln
ta hinh dpng hojc sy vifc, trong khi tiing
Anh (nhdm ngdn ngii hda kit) phii sir dyng
mpt sd lupng tir nhit dinh thi tiing Thd NhT
Ky cd thfi chi dimg duy nhit mpt tir bao
gdm chinh td vi phin md rpng li hgu td Vi
dy di dien ti hinh dpng bgn se cd thi din,
tiing Anh diing cym tir>ott will be able to
come thi lieng Thd NhT Ky chi dimg duy
nhit tir gelebileceksin Trong dd, gel- li
dpng tir chi hinh dpng din giu: vai trd li
chinh td, sau do li cic hau td -ebil (cd thi), -ecek (se), -sin (bgn) dupc thfim vao Chinh dgc difim niy mi cic nhi ngdn ngii hpc gpi tiing Thd NhT Ky la ngdn ngii chip dinh (nifim kit)* Tiing Thd Nhl Ky li mpt ngdn ngu cua hiu td Jean Deny (1879 1963) nhi Thd NhT Ky hpc ngudi Phip dua ra nhin xet vi viec hpc tiing Thd NhT Ky nhu
sau: "-Jurk^eyi ogrenmek ekleri dgrenmektir" (Hpc tiing Thd la hpc vi cic hau td)' Hgu td trong tiing Thd Nhl Ky ciing nhu cac ngdn ngir chip dinh khic chi bifiu thi mpt y nghTa ngu phip, vi mpt y nghTa ngtt phip chi dupc difin ti bing mpt hju td (quan hf 1 - 1)* Vi dy: ev (ngdi nhi)
- evler (nhung ngdi nhi) - evde (d nhi, -de
li cich chi vj tn*) - evlerde (d nhflng ngdi nhi) Nhung mdi giira chinh td vi hju td trong tiing Thd NhT Ky cung khdng qui chit chg Chinh td vln cd thi dimg dpe ljp
di tgo thinh tit cd nghia Ching hgn arkada? (ngudi bgn) vdi arkada§lar (nhflng ngudi bgn, cd hju td -lar chi sd nhiiu)
Tuy nhifin, neu tir cing dupc md rpng bing nhiiu hju td thi nghTa ciia tit cing dupc thfi hifn rS ring, tudng minh Do vjy, tit trong tiing Thd thudng cd dd dii tuang ddi ldn Tit cd dp dii ldn nhit trong tiing Thd NhT Ky thudmg dupc nhic din gdm 43
ki ty (hari), mjc dii tit dii nhit biit dupc
' Nguyin Thien G i ^ (chu bi«n 1998), Ddn ludn Ngon
ngir hgc, Nxb Giio dvK, trJ98-305
Asuman gelen Pollard - David Pollard (1996), Teach Yourself: Turkish A complete course for beginner
Contemporary Books, The McGraw-Hill Companies'
f.7 ^ •
Mdiinet Hengimen (2002), TOrkfe Temel Dilbilgisi
Engin Yaym Evi, s 275 '
' Nguyin Thi^n Gi4p (chu bifin 1998), Ddn ludn Ngdn nga hoc, Nxb Gi4o dye, tr.298-305
21
Trang 3Lu VT An Mpt s6 dgc diim ca bdn cua tiing Thd NhTKy
hifn nay lgi li mpt tit khic cd dfin 70 ki ty Iim hai nhdm ca bin: nhdm nguyfin am (harf)
2 Tieng Tho Nhi Ky sir dyng quy
luat nguyen am hoa hpp
Tifing Thd NhT Ky cd tit ci 8 nguyfin
im vi 21 phy im 8 nguyen am "A", "I",
"O", "U", "E", "F, "6", "U" dupc chia
diy (art - kalm) "a", "i", "o" "u" vi nhdm nguyfin am mdng (6n - ince) "e", "i", "6",
"u" Nd dupc thi hifn qua bing sau diy:
Art-Kahn
On-tnce
Thdng (Eliiz) Rpng
(Geni^
a
e
Hfp (Bar)
I
i
Tron (Yuvarlak) Rpng
(Geni§)
0
5
Hfp(Dar)
u
a
Cic nguyfin im trong tiing Thd NM K.</
dupc lifin kit rit chJt chfi bing quy lujt
nguyfin am hda hpp (flnlQ uyumu) Do dJc
diim chip dinh nfin hju td khi thfim vio
phii chiira nguyen im hda hpp vdi nguyen
im tjn Cling diing trudc nd Trong dd cd
hai nhdm hda hpp ciia nguyfin im e vi hda
hpp cua nguyfin im i d nhdm nguyfin im e,
theo sau nguyfin im e phii li cic nguyfin
im e, 1, d, tl; sau nguyfin am a phii li cic
nguyfin im a, i, o, u d nhdm nguyfin im i,
theo sau nguyfin am i phii li cic nguyfin
im e, i; theo sau nguyfin im i phii li cic nguyfin im a, i; theo sau nguyfin im fl phii
li cic nguyfin im 0, U; theo sau nguyfin im
u phii li cic nguyfin im o, u Cy thi cd thi xem d bing sau:
Nhom nguyen dm thdng
a,i
e, 1
a , i
e, I
Nhdm nguyen dm Iron
a,u e,0 a,u
e,a
21 phy im trong tiing Thd NhT Ky nhdm phy am cimg (sert hay fitUmsOz) gdi cung dupc phan logi lim hai nhdm ca bin: 8 phy im p, 9, t, k, h, 5, f, s vi nhdm phy
Trang 4im mim (yumu?ak hay 6tumlu) gdm 13
phy am b, c, d, g, | , j , 1, m, n, r, v, y, z
Ding chii y cd phy im | khdng bao gid li
am tifit dimg diu trong bit cii tii nio cua
tiing Thd NhT Ky
Phy im trong tiing Thd NhT Ky cung
cd mdt vii quy lujt biin ddi nhit djnh Cy
thfi, nfiu cic tit tan ciing li phy im p, p, t, k
thi khi them hju td nhit djnh phii ddi cic
phy im niy thinh cic phy im tucmg iing
gpi li iinsiiz yumu^amasi Vi dy: p thinh b
nhu kitap kitabi, p thinh c nhu agap
a|aci, t thinh d nhu yurt - yurdu, k thinh |
nhu 9ocuk - pocugu Bfin cgnh dd, niu tit
cd phy am tjn ciing li k nhung trudc phy
am k la phy am n thi ddi nk thanh g, nhu
renk - rengi Ngoii ra, mdt sd tit vyng cd
ngudn gdc nudc ngoii nhu Arab ching hgn,
khi them hju td thi cin phii gip ddi phy
im tin cimg gpi Ii unsUz ikizlefmesi nhu
hak - hakki, su- - sim, hai - halli'
Trong tiing Thd NhT Ky, mdt nguyen
im cd thi tgo thinh mpt vin nhung mdt
phy im Igi khdng thi tgo thinh mpt vin
Thdng thudng vin dupc tgo bdi mpt
nguyen im kit hpp vdi mpt vii phy im
vin trong tiing Thd NhT Ky dupc tgo thinh
bdi it nhit mpt tiing, nhiiu nhit Ii tii bdn
tiing, vi dy o, bu, ilsttl, kirk Nd ciing dupc
chia lam hai logi: van cd im tiit md (apik
hece) va vin cd im tiit ddng (kapali hece)
Trong do van cd im tiit md li nhflng vin
ket thiic vdi nguyfin am nhu o, bu, iyi, kStu,
araba, cdn vin cd am tiit ddng Ii nhflng
I
' Margarete I Ersen Rasch - Erdogan Onasi (2015),
Yabanci dU olarak TOrkfe Dilbilgisi, Papatya
YayincilikEgitim,s.l7
Nghifin ciiu An E)p vi Chau A Sd 11 - 2o| vin kit thiic vdi phu am nhu dij, ust, Tiu-k, kiric, ogretmen
3 Tieng Th6 Nhi Ky la mpt ngon ngfl-voi hf thong cac quy luat ro ring, chJt che ve cau true ngu- phap
TTtu nhdt, vi mat aiphdp hpc (sozdizmi hay sentaks),
Cii phip tiing Thd NhT Ky cd bdn thinh td ca bin la vj ngfl (yiiklem), chii ngu (6zne), tin ngu (nesne) vi bd ngfl (tumlep) Trong sd dd quan trpng nhit li vj ngfl vi chii ngfl Vj ngfl ludn diing d cudi ciu, cd thi li dpng tit (fiil hay eylem) tgo
thinh ciu dpng tit (fiil ciimlesi), vi dy: Ben geliyorum (Tdi dang din), trong do ben li chii ngfl cdn geliyorum Ii vj ngfl dpng tit,
cd thi li danh tit (isim hay ad) tgo thinh
ciu danh tit (isim cumlesi), vi dy: O dgrenci (Nd Ii sinh vien), trong dd o li chii ngfl, ogrenci li vj ngfl danh tit Vj ngfl
ciing cd thi Ii tinh tit (sifat) nhu: Sen palifkansm (Bgn chim chi), dgi tit (adil hay zamir), trgng tit (belirtep hay zarf) hojc gidi tit (ilgep hay edat)
Chii ngfl cd thi li danh tit (isim), dgi tit (adil), tinh tit phy thupe (sifat tamlamasi), bit djnh cich (eylemlik) hojc thin tit (Onlem), chi ngudi (ki?i), ddng vjt (hayvan), thyc vjt (bitki), dd vjt (nesne) vi khii nifm trim tupng (soyut kavram) Di xic djnh chu ngfl trong ciu, ngudi ta thudng djt ciu hdi: Kim? (Ai?) hay Ne"' (Ciigi?)
Tan ngfl trong ciu tiing Thd NhT Ky diing gifla chii ngfl vi vj ngfl Nd dupc chia Iim hai logi li tan ngfl chi djnh (belirtili
23
Trang 5LuVi An Mpt s6 ddc diim ca bdn cua tiing Thd NhTKy
nesne): -i, -i, -u, -fl vi tin ngu bit dinh
(belirtisiz nesne) Dk xac djnh tin ngft chi
djnh trong cau, ngudi ta thudng dat ciu hdi:
Kimi? hay Neyi?
Bd ngfl giii vai trd bd nghTa cho dpng
tit, do dd nd chi xuit hifn trong cau dpng tit
Nd dupc chia lim ba logi li: bd ngu giin
tiip (dolayh tumlepleri), bd ngft gidi tit
(ilgej tiimlepleri) vi bd ngft trgng tit
(belulep tiimlepleri) Trong dd, bd ngft giin
tiip lgi gdm ba cich ca bin: dft cich
(yfinelme durumu, cdn gpi li datif) -a/-e,
phuang vj cich (kalma durumu hay
bulunma durumu, cdn gpi li lokatif)
-da/-de vi ly cich (pikma durumu hay
uzaklajma durumu, cdn gpi li ablatio
dan/-den Di xic djnh dft cich (datiO,
ngudi ta thudng djt ciu hdi Nereye? (Tdi
diu), Kime? (Tdi ai?), Neye? (Tdi cii gi?),
Kapa? (Tdi bao nhifiu?) Di xic djnh
phuong vj cich (lokatiQ, ngudi ta djt ciu
hdi Nerede? (0 diu?), Kimde? (6 ai?), Ne
zaman? (Khi nio?) Cdn dk xic djnh Iy
cich ngudi ta djt ciu hdi Nereden? (Tit
diu?) Kimden? (Tit ai?), Neden? Bd ngfl
gidi tit thudng dupc sit dyng trong tiing
Th6 NhT Ky li ile, viit tit Ii -la/-Ie (vdi,
bing bdi), gibi (nhu), kadar (Ifin tdi), ipin
(dinh cho, di mi) Bd ngft trgng tu dung di
bd nghTa vi mjt thdi gian (ne zaman?, khi
nio?), dja diim (nerede? nereye? d diu?,
tdi diu?), cich thiic hay tinh trgng (nasil?
nhu thi nio?) vi sd Iupng (ne kadar? bao
nhifiu?)
Cii phip mjc djnh ciia tiing Thd NhT
Ky li: chu ngit + tin ngii' + vj ngft Vi dy:
Ben Tiirkiye-yi severim (Tdi yeu nudc Thd
NhT Ky), trong dd ben li chii ngft, Tiirkiye'yi la tin ngft chi djnh cdn severim
Ii vi ngft dpng tit Tuy nhien nd cCmg dupc phi cich d mpt vii trudng hpp cy thi, nhu trong giao tiip hing ngiy hojc trong vin
hpc, im nhgc Vi dy: Bana gel (Lgi bfin tdi)
li ciu tnic tin ngft + vj ngft cd thi ddi
thinh Gel bana tiic vj ngft + tin ngft Dieu
niy chiing td tiing Thd tuy li mpt ng6n ngft cd cic quy lujt chJt chfi song ciing co
sy biin ddi tuomg ddi linh hogt
Thu hai, vi mgt hinh thdi hpc (bipimbilim hay morfoloji),
Hinh thii ciia tiing Thd NhT Ky dupc the hifn qua phuang thiic ciu tgo vi quy tic biin hinh cua tir
Vi phucmg thuc cdu tgo eda tu, do li ngdn ngft chip dinh nfin tu trong tiing Thd NhT Ky dupc tgo thinh bdi cic hju td Cic hju td dupc thfim vio theo quy tic tu trii sang (saga dogni)*, ching hgn: Avnipa -Avnipali - Avrupahyim Cdn ciu dupc md rdng theo quy tic tft phii sang (sola dogni),
vi dy: Vietnamli figrencilerie bulujtum Tiirkiye'de okuyan Vietnamli dgrencilerle bulu?tum Mjc dil tu trong tiing Thd Nhl
Ky dupc tgo bdi cic hju td nhung cung cd mpt trudng hpp tit dupc tgo bdi tiep diu ngft
tiic tiin td Dd li tinh tu cue cdp (pekijtimie
sifatlan) dupc tgo nfin bdi vifc thfim tiin td chua mpt trong bdn im tiit "m", "p", "r" hojc "s"' Vi dy: beyaz (uing) - bewbeyaz (tring tinh), temiz (sgch) tertemiz (tinh
'Mehmet Hengirmen (2002), TOrkfe Temel Dilbilgisi
Engm Yaym Evi, s.XVIII
Mehmet Hengirmen (2002) TOrkfe Temel Dilbilgisi
Engin Yaym Evi, s.l34
Trang 6Nghifin ciiu An Dp vi Chiu A Sd 11 - 2016 khiet), dogni (diing) - dojdogni (chinh xic)
Nd cung Ii tiin td duy nhit dupc biit din
trong tiing Thd NhT Ky
Vi quy tdc biin hinh ctia lu, tiing Thd
NhT Ky cd tit ci 8 tu logi khic nhau: danh
tu (ad hay isim), dpng tu (eylem hay fiil),
tinh tu (sifat), trgng tu (belirtep hay zarf),
gidi tir (ilge9 hay edat), dgi tu (adil hay
zanir), thin tu (Onlem) vi lifin tft (baglap)"
Bang vifc them tiip vT ngft tuc hiu td, mpt
sd tu logi (chu yiu li danh tir va dpng tu)
cd thi biin ddi chuc ning vdn cd, tgo thinh
tu loai vdi chuc ning mdi Ching hgn nhu
hju td theo sau danh tu tgo thinh danh tu
md|^i dy: TUrk - Tflrkpe (Thd - tiing Thd),
W^m Wt^Iik (cudn sich - kf sich)); hgu
td theo sau danh tit tgo thinh dpng tu mdi
(ya§ - yajamak (tudi - sdng), su - sulamak
(nudc - tudi)); hju td theo sau ddng tu tgo
thinh dpng tit mdi, gdm nhdm bdn logi
ddng tu: dpng tu tuang ho (ijtej eylem),
dpng tu phdn thdn (dOnujIfl eylem), dpng
tu bi dpng (edilgen eylem) vi dpng tu
truyin khiin (ettirgen eylem) Hgu td theo
sau gdc dpng tu tgo tl^mh danh tft (vi dy:
i9mek ipeeek (udng thirc udng), yemek
-yiyecek (in thuc in)) Hju td thep sau
ddng tu tgo thinh phdn tu (ortap hay
sifat-eylem), trong tiing Thd NhT Kj^ dupc sit
dyng vdi chiic ning cua tinh tft, gdm hipn
tgi phdn tu, tuong lai phdn tu vi qua khu
phdn tu. Ngoii ra cdn cd hju td theo sau
dpng tu tgo thinh ddng tu tiin hanh cich
(ulap hay bag-eylem), cd chirc ning ciia
pho tu (tuc trgng tu phy thudc) Com pho
tu lien kit (baglama ulaplan), pho tie chi diiu kiin (durum ulaplan), pho tu chi th&i gian (zaman ulaplan) vi pho tu chi nguyen nhdn (sebep ulaplan)
Nhin chung, hiu hit cac diim ngft phap quan trpng trong tiing Thd NhT Ky diu cd cic quy lugt rfi ring vi chJt chg Vi vjy vifc tiip can di hpc ngdn ngft niy khdng phii la qui khd khin
4 DJc dilm tir virng cua tieng Thd NhiKy
Hiu hit danh tu trong tiing Thd NhT
Ky khdng cd phan logi gidng (dilbilgisel cinsi), hic trung linh (yansiz) Chi mpt vii trudng hpp, vdn Ii tu mupn tiing nudc ngoii cd sy phin bift gidng dye (eril) vi gidng cii (dijil), vi dy kral kralipe (nhi vua nft hoing), prens prense (hoing tu -cdng chua) , vi rit it tu vyng dupc phin logi gidng mpt cich ty nhifin (dogal cins) nhu anne - baba (mp - cha), kadin - erkek (phy nft din dng), kiz oglan (con gii -con trai), bayan - bay (quy bi - quy dng) Ngoii cic tnrdng hpp trfin, di phin bift gidng cho cic tu vyng trung tinh, ngudi ta them tft chi giong vio dd, vi dy: arkada§ (bgn) thinh kiz arkada? erkek arkada? (bgn nft-bgn nam)",
Gidng nhu nhiiu ngdn ngft khic, tiing Thd Nhl Ky cung cd hifn tudng tft ddng
im (ejsesli) vi tu ddng nghTa (ejanlamh)
Vi dy: yflz Ii mpt tft ddng am vua cd nghTa
"• Ankara Oniversitesi T O M E R , Yeni Hitit Yabancilar " Margarete I Ersen Rasch FrH-,»,„ o_ , , « , ,
Ifin Turkft Ders Kitabi I Temel, TOrkce ve Yabanci Y^hnn^ii , J ^ \ ' ^'^^ Oimi (2015),
DilAra^veUyguIamaMerk;?^;?,^*"" yl^ZLtrnt:^! "^^' ""'"''' "'''^^
25
Trang 7'^
Lu VT /Vn Mpt s6 dgc diim cobdn eda tiing Tho NhTKy
Ii mjt viia cd nghia li sd 100; el cung Ii
mdt tft ddng im vfta cd nghla li tay vvta cd
nghla Ii ngiriri ngoii Cdn cac tft ddng
nghia cd thi liy vi dy nhir sene = yil cimg
cd nghTa Ii nim, medeniyet = uygarhk (vin
minh), fakir = yoksul (ngheo), fiil = eylem
(dpng tft), kelime = sfizcflk (tft vyng)
Tiing Thd NhT Ky cdn cd mpt hf thdng
cic tft tupng thanh (ses taklidi hay
yansimali sSzpOkler) phin inh cic im
thanh nghe thiy dupc trong ty nhifin vdi
phuang thftc liy rit dJc tnmg Vi dy: civil
civil (liu Io), pitir pitir (gidn gidn) hojc ISp
Ifip, gflmbflr gOmbflr, mini mini, $inl $inl,
zangir zangir'^ v.v
Trong tiing Thd NhT Ky, bfin cgnh tft
vyng gdc Thd cdn cd mdt sd lupng ding ki
tft vay mupn gdc nudc ngoii, nhu tu mupn
gdc Arab, Ba Tu vi chiu Au Theo thdng
kfi ciia Hdi ngdn ngft Thd NhT Ky (Tflrk
Dili Kurumu) thi tiing Thd NhT Ky cd 6516
tft mupn Arab (Arappa), 1375 tft mupn gdc
Ba Tu (Farspa) Cimg vdi qui trinh hdi
nhjp toin ciu, ngiy nay trong tiing Thd
NhT KJf ciing cd mdt sd lupng ding ki tft
vyng gdc Au, nhiiu nhit li vay mupn tft
tiing Phip (Fransizca) 5540 tft, ki din Ii
tiing Y (Italyanca) 607 tft, tiing Anh
(tngilizce) 518 tft, tiing La Mi (Rumca)
448 tft, tiing Due (/Umanca) 105 tft, v v,
thjm chl li vay mupn tu gdc A nhu tiing
Nhjt (J^jonca) 13 tu, tiing Hin Qudc
(Korece) 1 tft" Nd phin inh thyc te ve sy
" Mehmet Hengirmen (2002), TOrkfe Temel Dilbilgisi,
Engin Yaym Evi, s.86
" TQrk Dil Kurumu (2011), Tokfe SOzlOk, TOik Dili
Kurumu Yaymlan, s.2674
giao thoa vi tiip bien ngdn ngft cua din tdc Thd qua cic thdi kl Ijch su khic nhau, ki tit khi dan tdc niy thien di tft ddng sang tiy nhiiu thi ki trudc Tuy nhifin, khi vay mupn cic tft vyng goc nudc ngoii, ngudi Thd da biin ddi chung mpt cich linh hogt, tgo nen sy tuong thich vdi dJc trung ngdn ngft ciia rifing hp Dd li biin ddi im vi dung trp tft Vf dy: diva (gdc Ba Tu) biin ddi im thanh duvar (buc tudng), haste (gdc
Ba Tu) > hasta (bfnh), zeytun (gdc /Vrab)
-> zeytin (d liu), license (gdc Phip) > lisans (cft nhan), lycfie (gdc Phip) -> Use (trung hpc phd thdng), pantalon (gdc Y) -> pantolon (quin tiy) ''' Trp tft thudng dupc dimg chil yiu Ii trp ddng tft etmek hojc olmak kit hpp vdi cic tft vdn li danh
tu gdc Arab hojc Ba Tft di tgo thinh ddng tft cd nghia, vf dy: seyir (gdc Arab) + etmek thinh seyretmek (nhin xem), kejif (gdc Arab) + etmek = kejfetmek (khim phi), sahib (gdc Arab) + olmak = sahip olmak (sd hftu)
Thdng qua cic dJc diim di phin tich
nfiu trfin, cd thi thiy ring tiing Thd NhT Ki
vira thi hifn cic yiu td cin bin ciia hf ngdn ngft Altai, gidng nhu cic ngdn ngft cung nhdm dupc biit din Bfin cgnh dd, bing vifc tiip xiic vdi nhiiu nin vin hda
Idn trong khu vye nhu Aiah, Ba Tu,
Bizans vi chiu Au, tiing Thd NhT Ky cung
di cd sy giao thoa tiip biin vi cic mjt vin
ty vi tft vyng Ndi cich khic, nd chfnh li
sy inh xg ddi sdng vin hda, ngdn ngft cila
'* Mehmet Hengirmen (2002), TOrkfe Temel Dilbilgisi,
Engin Yaym Evi, s.90
Trang 8din tpc Thd qua cic thdi ki ljch su khic
nhau Cimg vdi xu thi hpi nhjp khu vye v i
toin cau, tiing Thd NhT Ky cung dang din
trd thinh mpt ngdn ngft vdi vj thi v i tim
inh hudng ding k i trong khu vye
Tii lifu tham khao
^ 1 Nguyen Thifn Giap (chu bien 1998),
Ddn lugn Ngon ngu hpc, Nxb Giio due Ha
Npi
2 Asuman (^elen Pollard - David Pollard
(1996), Teach Yourself Turkish A complete
course for beginner. Contemporary Books, The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Chicago
3 §ukra Haluk Akalin (2010), "TUrk Dili:
Nghifin ciiu An E)p v i Chiu A Sd 11 - 2016 Diinya Dili (Turkic Language: Worid
Language)", Afilim Titrkge Ders Kitabi 1,
Diset Yaymlan, Izmir
4 Margarete L Ersen Rasch Erdogan
Onasi (2015), Yabanci dil olarak TUrkge
Dilbilgisi, Papatya Yayincilik Egitim, Istanbul
5 Mehmet Hengirmen (2002), Titrkge
Temel Dilbilgisi, Engin Yaym Evi, Ankara
6 Ankara Oniversitesi TOMER, Yeni
Hitit Yabancdar Igin Tdrkge Ders Kitabi I Temel, TQrk9e ve Yabanci D.il /Vrajtirma ve Uygulama Metkezi, Ankara
7 TOrk Dil Kununu (20ll),rt(*fe5'(5r/i*, Turk Dili Kurumu Yaymlan, /Ankara
27