BE + PAST PARTICIPLEAM, IS, ARE + PAST PARTICIPLE WAS, WERE AM, IS, ARE + BEING + PAST PARTICIPLE WAS, WERE THE PASSIVE AND ACTIVE SENTENCES CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG QUAN SÁT: - Câu chủ
Trang 1BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
AM, IS, ARE
+ PAST PARTICIPLE WAS, WERE
AM, IS, ARE
+ BEING + PAST PARTICIPLE WAS, WERE
THE PASSIVE AND ACTIVE SENTENCES (CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG) QUAN SÁT:
- Câu chủ động (Active sentences): Mr Smith teaches English.
- Câu bị động (Passive sentences): English is taught by Mr Smith.
QUY TẮC:
Muốn chuyển một câu chủ động sang câu bị động, ta thực hiện
1 Tân ngữ chủ động => chủ ngữ bị động
Lấy tân ngữ của câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động
Ex: My father built the house The house was built by my father
- Nếu động từ chủ động có hai tân ngữ thì một trong hai tân ngữ có thể dùng làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động Tuy nhiên tân ngữ về người được sử dụng nhiều hơn
Ex: I’m writing her a letter
She is being written a letter
A letter is being written to her
2 Động từ bị động
- Nếu động từ chủ động ở thì simple present hoặc simple past thì động từ trong câu bị động
sẽ là:
Ex: John delivers the newspapers every morning
The newspapers are delivered by John
every morning My mother wrote that letter
That letter was written by my mother
- Nếu động từ chủ động ở thì present continuous hoặc past continuous thì động từ trong câu
bị động sẽ
là:
Trang 2HAVE, HAS
+ BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE HAD
CAN, MAY, + BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ex: He is asking me a lot of questions
I am being asked a lot of
questions She was doing her
homework at that time
Her homework was being done at that time
- Nếu động từ chủ động ở thì present perfect hoặc past perfect thì động từ trong câu bị động
sẽ là:
Ex: My mother has made that cake
That cake has been made by
my mother They had prepared a
dinner before we came
A dinner had been prepared before we came
- Nếu động từ chủ động dùng với các động từ như can, may, must, will, shall, have to, used to, thì
động từ trong câu sẽ là:
Ex: My friend can answer this question
This question can be answered
by my friend The manager should
sign these contracts today
These contracts should be signed by the manager today
3 Chủ ngữ chủ động => BY + tân ngữ bị động
Ex: My mother made this cake This cake was made by my mother
- Me, you, him, them, people, someone, thường được bỏ trong câu bị động nếu không
muốn nêu rõ tác nhân
Ex: Someone has sent me the flowers I have been sent the flowers
- Nếu tân ngữ trong câu bị động chỉ sự vật, sự việc thì ta dùng giới từ with thay by trước tân
ngữ ấy
Ex: Smoke filled the room.The room was filled with smoke
4 Vị trí của trạng từ hoặc trạng ngữ trong câu bị động.
- Trạng từ/ trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + tân ngữ bị động.
Trang 3Active : Subject + HAVE + object (person) + bare-infinitive + object
Passive : Subject + HAVE + object (thing) + past participle (+ by + object (person))
Active : Subject + GET + object (person) + to infinitive + object (thing)
Passive : Subject + GET + object (thing) + past participle (+ by + obj (person))
Active : Subject + verb + object + bare infinitive/ V-ing + Passive :
Subject + be + past participle + to infinitive/ V-ing +
Active :
Passive:
Subject + verb + (that) + clause (S2 + V2 + O2 )
It + be + verb (past participle) S2 + be + verb (past participle)
+ (that) + clause + to infinitive
+ to have + past participle
Ex: The police found him in the forest
He was found in the forest by the police
- Trạng từ/ trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + tân
ngữ bị động Ex : My parents are going to buy a car
tomorrow
A car is going to be bought by my parents tomorrow
- Trạng từ chỉ thể cách (adverbs of manner) thường đứng giữa be và quá khứ phân từ.
Ex: The scientists have studied the problem carefully
The problem has been carefully studied by the scientists
■ Một số dạng câu bị động:
1 Thể sai khiến (Causative form): HAVE, GET
Ex: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday
I had my bicycle repaired yesterday
Ex: I get her to make some coffee
I get some coffee made
2 Động từ chỉ giác quan (Verbs of perception): see, watch, hear, look, taste, …
Ex: They saw her come in
She was seen to come in
They saw the lorry running down the hill
The lorry was seen running down the hill
3 Động từ chỉ ý kiến (Verbs of opinion): say, think, believe, report, rumour, …
Trang 4Active : Verb + object + adjunct.
Passive : Let + object + be + past participle + adjunct.
Ex: People say that he is a famous doctor
It is said that he is a famous doctor
He is said to be a famous doctor
Ex: They thought that Mary had gone away
It was thought that Mary had gone away
Mary was thought to have gone away
4 Câu mệnh lệnh (Imperative sentences)
Ex: Write your name here Let your name be written here
Ex: He let me go out I was let/ allowed to go out
E X E R CI S E S
I Put the following into the passive voice.
1 They can’t make tea with cold water
2 The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant
3 Somebody has taken some of my books away
4 They will hold the meeting before May Day
5 They have to repair the engine of the car
6 The boys broke the window and took away some pictures
7 People spend a lot of money on advertising every day
8 They may use this room for the classroom
9 The teacher is going to tell a story
10 Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife
11 The children looked at the women with a red hat
12 They have provided the victims with food and clothing
13 People speak English in almost every corner of the world
14 You mustn’t use this machine after 5:30 p.m
15 Luckily for me, they didn’t call my name
Active : (Subject) + let + sb + do + sth
Passive : Subject + be + let/ allowed + to-infinitive
Trang 516 After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board.
17 You must clean the wall before you paint it
18 They told the new pupil where to sit
19 I knew that they had told him of the meeting
20 Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness
21 No one believes his story
22 A sudden increase in water pressure may break the dam
23 We must take good care of books borrowed from the library
24 A man I know told me about it
25 We can never find him at home for he is always on the move
26 They use milk for making butter and cheese
27 Science and Technology have completely changed human life
28 John used to visit My Cole at weekends
29 Weeds cover the river bank
30 Smoke filled the room
II Turn the following sentences into the active voice.
1 These exercises were done well
2 This dress must be washed in cold water
3 No mistakes have been made in his composition
4 His painting will be exhibited for the first time by New Arts gallery
5 This house was built 100 years ago
6 These artificial flowers are made of silk
7 The lessons are being written by the students now
8 This job has to be done at once
9 These animals at the zoo are fed twice a day
10 The operation is going to be performed by French doctors
11 All the arrangements have been made
12 When was this radio manufactured?
13 They couldn’t be found anywhere
14 Is mathematics taught in this school?
15 Fortunately the machinery wasn’t damaged by the accident
16 Please wait here while your luggage is being examined
17 How are candles made?
18 For a long time the earth was believed to be flat
19 Were you taught how to apply this theory by your teacher?
20 Apples are said to be good for our health
21 Don’t let the dog be teased by the children
22 It is believed that red is the symbol of luck
23 What have been done to help the poor in this city?
24 The jewelry must have been stolen while she was out
25 Where did the treasure use to be hidden by pirates in the old time?
III Put the following into the passive voice.
Trang 61 Yes - No questions:
1 Do they teach English here?
2 Will you invite her to your wedding party?
3 Did the teacher give some exercises?
4 Is she going to write a poem?
5 Have they changed the window of the laboratory?
6 Is she making big cakes for the party?
7 Has Tom finished the work?
8 Are the police making inquires about the thief?
9 Must we finish the test before ten?
10 Will buses bring the children home?
2 Wh- questions:
11 Why didn’t they help him?
12 How many games has the team played?
13 Where do people speak English?
14 Who are they keeping in the kitchen?
15 How can they open this safe?
16 What books are people reading this year?
17 How did the police find the lost man?
18 Who looked after the children for you?
19 How long have they waited for the doctor?
20 What time can the boys hand in their papers?