Cling voi gia tang x6i lo, quy mo b6i tv, nhat laedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA a hai chau th6 Ian c6 the bicogfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAsa cung voi dang cao mire nuoc bi~n.PONMLK
Trang 1H O I K H O A H O C K Y T H U A T B I E N V I E T N A M
H O I T H A O
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X O I L a B O B IE N V IE T N A M
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•
Trang 2M l ) C L l ) C
T FEDCBA h u t r u o n g B 9 N N & P T N T
C h i t t i c h H 9 i [ ( H K I B i e n v i « N a mGFEDCBA
2 T h u c t r a n g x 6 i 1 0 b o b i e n V i e t N a m T s T r i i n D u c T h { l n h 5
v a d i n h h i r o n g p h o n g c h o n g P G S T S K H N g u y e n V a n C u
P G S T S P h a m H u y T i e n
T S B i l i H o n g L o n g
3 S I ! p h a t t r i e n c o n g t r l n h b a a v e b o G S P h a m [ ( h a c H u n g 18
t r e n t h e g i o i v a y e u c a u n a n g d i p d e s s T o n T h i l t V r n h
T S N g u y e n Q u a n g T ( l o
4 T 6 n g q u a n v e x 6 i 1 0 b o b i e n c i r a P G S T S [ ( H N g u y e n V a n c a 28
s o n g V i e t N a m T b n g C 1 ; l C B i e n v a H d i d d o V i ¢ t N a m
T S u V a n C o n g
V i ¢ n D i a ly
5 X 6 i 1 0 b e b i e n , d u b a a v a c a c g i a i P G S T S V i i M i n h C a t 3 9
p h a p p h o n g c h o n g x 6 i 1 0 b o b i e n 'K h o a k y t h u d t b i e n - D H T h u y la i
t w a n g b o b i e n 0 V i e t N a m D a i h 9 C K h o a h 9 C T 1 ; l 'n h i e n
T s V i i T u d n A n h
v ie « H d i d u a n g h 9 C N h a T r a n g
c o n g n g h e p h o n g c h o n g s a t 1 0 b e v u « [ ( H & C N v i « N a m
T b n g C I ; l C B i e n v a H d i d d o V i ¢ t N a m
8 N g h i e n c i r u , x 6 i 1 0 - b 6 i t u b o ' b i e n P G S T S [ ( H N g u y e n V a n c « 70
c i r a s o n g m i e n T r u n g v a c a c g i a i T b n g c u e B i e n v a H d i d d o V i ¢ t N a m
N C S D a o D i n b C h a m
V i ¢ n D i a ly
t r l n h d e b i e n H a T i n h D o i h 9 C T h u y 1 9 'i
G s P h a m K h d c H u n g
V i ¢ n X D c o n g t r i n h b i e n - D H X D
10 L u a c h o n g i a i p h a p h o p ly c h o c o n g G s P h a m [ ( h a c H u n g 84
t r i n h d e b i e n H a i H a u « s T o n T h i l t V r n h
T S D i n n Q u a n g C U O 'n g
T h s T h a i M a n b C U O 'n g
Trang 3T H l / CgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA T ~ N G X O I L O B O B I E N V I : ¢ T N A M
1 - Vi~n Tai n g u y e n & M6i tnrong bi~n
4- Vien Hai d iro n g h9C
MODAU
trung dan cu, mat dC)dan s6 cao nh~t nuoc, cac huyen yen bi~n chi€m 24% trong dan
phong chong x6i lo bo bien da duoc nhi€u co quan nhir Vien Khoa hoc Ky thuat Thuy
Dia Iy , Vien C O ' hoc v.v thuc hien thong qua cac de tai thuoc C h u a n g trinh Bien,
l Hi~n trang
1 1 Ttnh h in h x o i I ii' d o c so b id n
doan bo x6i 10' thong ke duoc la 397 doan voi tong chieu dai 920,21 km Trang do, x6i
1 0 ' c6 cuong dC) yeu chiern 196,82km (21,4%), trung binh 179,90km (19,6%), rnanh
Trang 4chi mot vai tram met, cho th~ hang chuc kilomet T6c dQ x6iedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA la trung binh pho bien
x6i 1 0 ' xay ra theo nhlrng thai khoang xen ke voi b6i tu Tuy nhien, c6 th~ khang dinh
Banz l :PONMLKJIHGFEDCBA., , T h f i n ! ! k A- ban t i n h hinh x 6 i 10' bo' bi~n V i e t N
B~c BQ
va Nam BQ
manh va tiep tuc tang theo thai gian Tir M6ng Cai den D6 San, x6i 16 qui mo Ion, lau
T h ( 1 1 I1 z v a N III< , ] ( J ( J I r.
Trang 5« utsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA5 m/narn) chi~m 52,2%; trung binh (5 - 15 m/narn) chiem 24,3%; manh (15 - 30
c6 qui mo Ian va trung binh cuong dQ xoi 16 tap trung 6 3 rrurc yeu, trung binh va rftt
N n k 2 0 (1 )
43,7% va r~t manh (;::: 10 m/narn) chiem 43,5% tong chi~u dai x6i 16 TLf San Hai d~n
hoat dong cang - giao thong bien, du lich; Khu vue Cira Soai Rap - Cira Tranh D~ c6
X6i 16 xuat hien 6 tfrt ca cac ki€u h~ thong cira song ven bien Tai hai vung cira
song chau tho lon, noi tieng v~ boi tu, x6i 16 ciing xfry ra tren mot phan nam d~n mot
1
Trang 61 1 2 °4 3 '
1 0 1 °5 5 '
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< -:l I-Cat Hili (Hili P h o n g )
3-H?u Loc (Thanh Hoa) 4- Hili Duong (TT Hu€) 5-Sa Huynh (Quang Ngai)
6 - X u a n Hili (P h u Yen) 7- P h u o c Th~ (Binh Thu?n)
8-Cfin Gia (Tp, H6 Chi Minh)
9-G6 C o n g (Ti~n Giang) 10- G a n h Hila (Ti~n Giang).
S a b 8 i
1 1- L u o n g Nam T rie u
(Hili P h o n g )
mouth (Nam D jn h ;
13- Luong Clm L6 (Nghe An)
14- Cira Tu Hi~n (TT Hu€)
15- Clra 8~i (Quang Nam)
16- Cira song Ban Thach (PhLl Yen)
Ngai) 18- ClJ'a Tril6(Binh 8jnh)
19- Ctia Soai R~p (Tp.
H6 Chi Minh) 20- Ctia Djnh An (S6c Trang)
•
Trang 7dftm pha CLIngvoi boi tv d~y l~n 6 bo phia ben kia tao nen sir di chuyen vi tri cira tren
tharn chi d~n mot vai tram nam Di€n hinh cho each thirc nhu vay la cac cira Thuan
cac dao nay, boi tu va x6i 16 tai mot dean bo luon d6i theo mua gi6 dong bac va tay
nam, nhung deu co xu th~ chung dai lau la x6i 16 6 dftu dao hung gi6 dong b~c va tao
tri~u co bien d<) Ian
t6c d<) boi tv den bu va vuot qua t6c d<) ngap chim (bao gem ca yeu t6 ha kien tao va
thuy trieu va dong chay, d6ng vai tro di chuyen gay thieu hut boi tich va true tiep pha
tharn chi dong lli cira song dong vai tro chu dao
di chuyen ngang boi tich ra sau va tai tao tr~c dien ngang bo do qua trinh trong luc
~
Trang 8D6 la cac dang dang cao mire bien do khi hau trai d~t ~m len, cac pha ky dao dong
3.PONMLKJIHGFEDCBA X u th~
10-40% vao 20-50 nam toi
~
Trang 9Cling voi gia tang x6i lo, quy mo b6i tv, nhat laedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA a hai chau th6 Ian c6 the bi
cogfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAsa cung voi dang cao mire nuoc bi~n.PONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
thap, han che kha nang diu ur Ian va dai han, di dan va tam Iy khong 6n dinh trong
doi song, sari xuat.
~ n~ • ", •••• ,
Cac tinh ven bien, dac bier I,a Bac BQ c6 mat dQ dan s6 va ty I~ tang dan s6
tren nen d~t thap c6 de bien bao boc, neu x6i la lam va de se cue ky nguy hiem, nhit
vung dan cu va kinh te tru phu, rong Ian trong de Thiet hai v~ nguoi va tai san trong
Nhi~LIdiem dan cu, kinh t~ quan trong ven bien Trung BQ narn tren vung bo cat, het
S LJ'C nhay earn va x6i 16 bo bien b~t thuorig khi c6 nhieu dong Ian v~ bao, lii Tai 7
Thien-Hue X6i lo bo Nam BQ c6 quy mo Ion, di~n bien lau dai, tuy khong nguy hiem
1 1
Trang 10true tiep bang Bac 8Q va TrungedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA 8 Q , nhung thiet hai r&t Ian v~ tai nguyen d&t dai va
-1977 bi s6ng danhgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA v tt, nuoc bien tran gay xarn nhap man va hoang h6a 5.000 ha d&t
vung cira song Bach DAng, hang nam bun cat nr cac song ra tren 4 trieu tan, con bun
hang narn toi 3 - 5 trieu tan.
5 Giai phap
5 1 D in h I U f ( Y l1 g c h u n g
chong con thu dong, thien v~ giai quyet tinh huong va con thieu nhirng can cir khoa
cap bach va k~ hoach e6 tinh chien luoc lau dai
Trang 11- Ap dung cac giai phap phong chong hien dai cua th~ gioi, dong thai xay dung
va irng dung mo rong. K~t hop gfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA g ia i phap cong trinh cimg va mem d~ bao ve ben
chong lun cho de ke tren nen dlit yeu va v~t li~u cong trinh thich hop trong di~u kien
th u o n g n g u o n
giai phap cirng va giai phap mern, phu hop voi tung doan bo cu the Cac giai phap
t~m VI mo narn trong noi dung quan ly lanh th6 va qui hoach phat trien Cac gia: phap
tong; ke be tong ap bo; ke mo xi en nan dong; ke pha s6ng
mo vuong nuoi bai; ke rno vuong chir T nuoi bai ket hop pha s6ng
Trang 12N h o mutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA 4: cac giai phap cong trinh k~t hop nhu eac loai ke mo doc hoac mo
dung cang ben va chong xoi 16'gfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA b o Vi du, x a y k e mo bao v~ b o Hai Hau k~t hop
N h o m 5: cac giai phap sinh thai k~t hop nhu b a o v~ va phat trien rung ngap man,
N h o m 6: cac giai phap gian ti~p nh~m duy tri hoac b5 sung b6i tich nhu khai
giai phap cong trinh chu yeu sau: G ia i p h a p k e b e to n g a p b e , nen dung tu tr n g c h a n
tnrong hop, phai giai qyet duoc cac van d€ c h o n g lu n , x o i c h d n h o a c x o i n J n tu a c u a
c o n g tr in h k e
( N T N g a v e l N n k , 1995), mot s6 giai phap cong trinh phong chong xoi 16'bo bien da
d€ x u a t.
T h u y 19i d ~ xuat
Trang 13Hili (Hai Phong), tien hanh tronggfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA th a i gian 1 9 9 5 -2 0 0 1 -(T D T h a n h v a N n k , 1997). Xu
diem
Trang 14xi'i hoi kern ben vfrng nhu hieu qua d~u tu thap, han ch~ kha nang d~u tu lon va dai
han, di dan va tam Iy khong 6n dinh trong doi song, san xuat
nhirng din cir khoa hoc tin cay Phong chong x6i 1&bo bien can duoc tien hanh d6ng
cong trinh va cong trinh, giai phap cirng va giai phap rnern, phu hop voi tung doan bo
cu th~ C~n phai e6 giai phap tong th@ narn trong khuon kho quan Iy tong hop dai ven
luge lau dai C~n uu tien cac giai phap cong trinh k~t hop nhi~u loi ich, chu trong k~t
trong du an qui hoach phat trien h~ thong cang bi@n Viet Nam den narn 2010 LUll
hoc
Tr.13-19
bien
Trang 159 Tran DCJ'cThanh, Dinh Van Huy va Tnln Dinh Lan va nnk, 1997 D~c di€m bien
dang gfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA b o va g a i phap phong chong x6i 16' b o dao Cat Hai Tai nguyen va rnoi
tnrong bien T.IV Nxb KH va KT Ha NQi Tr 41-49
Thanh H6a
Khoa hoc va Cong nghc bi~n Ha NQi No.2
chat doi ven bi~n Viet Nam Khoa hQC va Cong nghe bi~n No.1, Tr.44-52
S U M M A R Y
C u r r e n t s t a t u s o f c o a s t a l e r o s i o n i n V i e t n a m a n d c o n t r o l l i n g o r i e n t a t i o n
T h e r is k s o f c o a s ta l e r o s io n a n d s e d im e n ta tio n a r e d e e p ly a n x io u s fo r m a n y lo c a l a u th o r itie s
a n d c o m m u n itie s In c r e a s in g in te n s ity a n d s u d d e n n e s s , th e c o a s ta l e r o s io n h a s e x p a n d e d o n th e w h o le
c o u n tr y a n d in a ll c o a s ta l g e o s y s te m s s u c h a s o p e n c o a s ts , d e lta s , e s tu a r ie s , la g o o n s a n d is la n d s T h e
d e e p c a u s e s o f e r o s io n r is k s a r e r e la te d to c o a s ta l e v o lu tio n , m e te o -h y d r o lo g y fa c to r s a n d h u m a n
im p a c t in th e b o th c o a s ta l z o n e a n d c a tc h m e n t T h e e n d o g e n o u s d y n a m ic s p la y th e b a s e m e n / r o le , a n d
a r e d e e p c a u s e , g e n e r a lly T h e e x o g e n o u s d y n a m ic s a r e o fte n p r in c ip a l a n d d ir e c t c a u s e r e la tiv e to th e
lith o d v n a m ic p r o c e s s e s , w h ic h m a k e d is p e r s io n o f th e s e d im e n ts T h e te n d e n c y o f c o a s ta l e r o s io n w ill
b e v e r y c o m p lic a te in th e fu tu r e T h e s e r is k s h a v e m a d e th e v e r y h e a v y c o n s e q u e n c e s , in c lu d e d
d a m a g e s o f h u m a n b e in g s , p r o p e r tie s a n d la n d ,' d e g r a d a tio n o f c o a s ta l e n v ir o n m e n / a n d e c o s y s te m s ,'
u n s u s ta in a b le d e v e lo p m e n t w ith th e in v e s tm e n t o f lo w e ffe c tiv e n e s s a n d s m a ll s c a le ; e m ig r a tio n ; a n d
tills /a b le th o u g h t in life a n d p r o d u c tio n o f c o m m u n itie s F r o m lo n g tim e , th e c o n tr o l o f th e m h a s b e e n
in te r e s te d H o w e v e r , th e im p le m e n te d r e s o lu tio n s h a v e b e e n p a s s iv e , r e s p o n d e d to c o n c r e te s itu a tio n s
a n d lu c k e d d e fin ite s c ie n tific b a s e s T h e c o n tr o l o f c o a s ta l s e d im e n ta tio n a n d e r o s io n n e e d to b e
im p le m e n te d b y th e s y n c h r o n o u s a ile ! c o m p r e h e n s iv e r e s o lu tio n s , fr o m m a c r o s c o p ic to c o n c r e te r a n g e ,
d ir e c t a n d in d ir e c t, c o n s tr u c tio n a n d n o n -c o n s tr u c tio n , a n d s o ft a n d h a r d c o n s /r u c tio n s
c o r r e s p o n d in g /0 e a c h c o a s ta l s ite