Studying claim causes affecting cost and schedule for new urban city project in vietnam

TRUONG THANH TUNG STUDYING CLAIMS CAUSES AFFECTING TO COST AND SCHEDULE FOR NEW URBAN CITY... Evidence shows that stakeholders in urban projects still do not know about the claim causes

TRUONG THANH TUNG

STUDYING CLAIMS CAUSES AFFECTING

TO COST AND SCHEDULE FOR NEW URBAN CITY

THIS RESEARCH IS COMPLETED AT

Instructor 1: Dr Do Tien Sy

Instructor 2: Dr Nguyen Thanh Viet

The lecturer 1: Assoc Prof Dr Pham Vu Hong Son

The lecturer 2: Dr Nguyen Hoai Nghia

Master’s thesis is defended at HCM city University of Technology, VNU- HCM at room 409A4 – Building A4 – HCMUT Campus 1 on 22nd August, 2022

The board of the Master’s Thesis Defense Council includes:

1 Assoc Prof Dr Luong Duc Long - Chairman

3.Assoc Prof Dr Pham Vu Hong Son - Reviewer 1

Verification of the Chairman of the Master’s Council and the Dean of Faculty of Civil Engineering after the thesis being corrected (If any)

CHAIRMAN OF

THE COUNCIL

HEAD OF FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Assoc Prof Dr Luong Duc Long Assoc Prof Dr Le Anh Tuan

Full name: Truong Thanh Tung Student code: 2070292

Date of birth: 05/03/1990 Place of birth: Ho Chi Minh city

Major: Construction Management Major code: 8580302

II) TASKS AND CONTENTS

1) Determine the compensation factors impacting the progress and expense of urban projects

2) Using SEM models, evaluate the amount of impact, rank the claim causes, and demonstrate the relationship between claim cause groups, project performance, and stakeholder performance

3) Proposing ways to decrease the claim causes, improve the efficiency of project performance, and enhance the stakeholder performance

III) TASKS STARTING DATE: 01.03.2022

IV) TASKS ENDING DATE: 30.06.2022

V) INSTRUCTOR: Dr Do Tien Sy and Dr Nguyen Thanh Viet

HCM City, date month year 2022

The student would also want to express their deepest appreciation to Dr Do Tien

Sy and Dr Nguyen Thanh Viet, who supported and assisted them during the completion

of this thesis In addition, the student would like to express their appreciation to the faculty and friends of University of Technology VNU - HCM for their assistance in the past

The master's thesis has been completed, but there are shortcomings Dear teachers, please show that the candidate can learn more and get better

Sincerely,

HCM city, date month year 2022

Truong Thanh Tung

ABSTRACT

The construction field in Vietnam is currently one of the country's most vital economic drivers The rapid emergence of new urban projects necessitates the conduct of research to identify and address the challenges posed by new urban development Evidence shows that stakeholders in urban projects still do not know about the claim causes that affect the cost and schedule of urban projects

Ho Chi Minh City is the primary focus of this study The study presents the results of an investigation into claim causes that affect schedules and costs in Vietnam's new urban Identify and rank, through survey questionnaires and statistical analysis, the claims caused by the cost and schedule of urban construction projects

By the method of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the study pointed out five main groups of causes affecting the cost and schedule of urban projects, such as

"Contractor's lack of experience and competence; Uncontrollable objective and contractual problems; Inappropriate actions of the owner; Incompetent subcontractors and suppliers; Design problems." In addition, the study describes the characteristics of stakeholder performance when participating in urban projects

Using the SEM model to examine the correlation between groups of factors, then can determine their relationship Specifically, the group of factors "Contractor's lack of experience and competence" has a significant impact on the factors

"Stakeholders' expectations regarding business performance" and "Stakeholders' expectations regarding project performance."

The group factor "Contractor's lack of experience and competence" has the strongest influence on the research results The written proposes several measures for this group of factors to contribute to the minimization of the claim causes affecting the costs and schedules of urban projects, leading to profits, and success

TÓM T T

T i th i đi m hi n t i, ngành xây d ng Vi t Nam là m t trong nh ng ngành

m i nh n kinh t quan tr ng nh t c a đ t n c S xu t hi n c a các khu đô th m i

v i t c đ ngày càng gia t ng khi n cho vi c nghiên c u b t bu c ph i đ c ti n hành

ti n đ và chi phí các khu đô th m i Vi t Nam Thông qua b ng câu h i kh o sát

và phân tích sô li u th ng kê đ xác đ nh và x p h ng các các nguyên nhân b i th ng

nh h ng đ n chi phí và ti n đ cho d án khu đô th B ng ph ng pháp phân tích

y u t khám phá (EFA) nghiên c u ch ra n m nhóm nguyên nhân chính gây nh

h ng đ n chi phí và ti n đ cho d án khu đô th nh “Nhà th u thi u n ng l c và kinh nghi m, Không ki m soát đ c các v n đ khách quan và h p đ ng, Hành đ ng không phù h p c a ch đ u t , Nhà th u ph và nhà cung c p thi u n ng l c, V n đ thi t k ” Nghiên c u c ng đ a ra các tiêu chí đánh giá cho hi u qu th c hi n các bên liên quan khi tham gia vào d án khu đô th

B ng mô hình tuy n tính SEM đ phân tích m i t ng quan đ th y s t ng tác l n nhau gi a các nhóm nhân t Trong đó, nhóm nhân t “Nhà th u thi u n ng

l c và kinh nghi m” có tác đ ng m nh đ n nhân t “Mong mu n c a các bên liên quan v hi u qu kinh doanh” và “Mong mu n các bên liên quan v hi u su t th c

hi n d án”

Nhóm nhân t “Nhà th u thi u n ng l c và kinh nghi m” có nh h ng m nh

nh t qua k t qu nghiên c u Tác gi đ xu t m t s bi n pháp cho nhóm nhân t này,

nh m góp ph n gi m thi u các nguyên nhân gây b i th ng nh h ng đ n chi phí

và ti n đ cho d án khu đô th , khi, nh m đem l i l i nhu n và thành công cho d

án

AUTHOR S COMMITMENT

I take full responsibility for my research with all data collected, research results presented in this thesis, I guarantee that they are completely honest and have never been published in any other form any other research

HCM city, date month year 2022

Truong Thanh Tung

CONTENTS

CONTENTS vi

LIST OF FIGURES x

LIST OF TABLES xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATION xiii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Problem Statement 2

1.2 Research Object 4

1.3 Scope of Study 4

1.4 Contribution of the Topic 4

1.4.1 Contribution to the Scientific 4

1.4.2 Contribution to the Practical 5

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 6

2.1 General Introduction 6

2.2 Definition and Concept 6

2.2.1 Definition of Claim Causes 6

2.2.2 Claim Settlement Method 7

2.2.3 Definition of Stakeholder Performance 7

2.2.4 Characteristics of Urban Project 9

2.2.5 Chart Stakeholders Involved 10

2.3 Related Studies 11

2.3.1 Summary Literature Study 11

2.3.2 Summary of the Claims Causes 19

2.3.3 Explain the Claimed Causes from Experts' Opinion 23

2.4 Summary Chapter 2 23

CHAPTER 3: THE THEORETICAL BASIS AND RESEARCH METHODS 24 3.1 Research Methodology 24

3.1.1 Research Process 24

3.1.2 Summary of The Research Process 25

3.2 Questionnaire Design 25

3.2.1 Questionnaire Layout 26

3.2.2 Determine the Sample Size 26

3.3 Research Data Collection Method 27

3.4 Methods of Screening Survey Samples 27

3.4.1 Summary Data Analysis Process 28

3.4.2 Using Relative Importance Index (RII) to Determine the Ranking of Claim Causes 29

3.4.3 Mean Value to Rank Variables 29

3.4.4 Analysis of Cronbach's Alpha 30

3.4.5 Analyze the Variables EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis) 31

3.4.6 Analyze the Variables CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) 34

3.4.6 Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) 37

3.5 Summary Chapter 3 40

CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS DATA 41

4.1 Survey Data Processing 41

4.2 Descriptive Statistics of Survey Results 41

4.2.1 The Experience in The Construction Field 42

4.2.3 The Respondents’ Current Position 44

4.2.4 Number of Projects Participated 45

4.2.5 The Scale of Project Capital Respondents Participated 45

4.3 Using Relative Importance Index (RII) to Determine the Ranking of Claim Causes 47

4.4 Using Mean to Determine the Ranking of Claim Causes 49

4.5 Comment on the Claims Causes in the Ranking Table 51

4.6 Check Reliability Scales for Stakeholders Performance 56

4.7 Analyze the Variables EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis) Claims Causes Affect of Cost and Schedule 58

4.8 Analyze the Variables EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis) for Characteristics of Stakeholder Performance 67

4.9 Summary Chapter 4 71

CHAPTER 5: MODEL DETERMINATION OF RELATIONSHIP 72

5.1 Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) 72

5.1.1 Confirmatory Factor Analysis Model (CFA) 72

5.1.2 Convergent Validity 76

5.2 Build Structure Equation Model - SEM 83

5.2.1 Hypothesis 83

5.2.2 Build SEM Mode 84

5.2.3 Description Relationship of SEM Model 88

5.3 Proposing Measures to The General Contractor to Minimize the Claim Causes 93

5.3.1 Claims Causes by The Group of General Contractors 93

5.3.2 Proposed Measures 94

5.3.3 Inadequate Early Planning of The Project 94

5.4 The Purpose of Proposed Measures 101

5.5 Summary Chapter 5 101

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 102

6.1 Conclusions: 102

6.2 Recommendations 103

6.3 Limitations of Study 103

6.4 Suggested Directions for Future Study 104

REFERENCE 105

APPENDIX 109

PROFILE 120

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Claim Settlement Method (Abhishek Shah, 2014) 7

Figure 2.2 Categorizations Of Stakeholders (Molwus, 2014) 10

Figure 3.1 Thesis Research Diagram 24

Figure 3.2 Exploratory Factor Analysis Implementation Steps (Almutairi et al., 2020) 34

Figure 3.3 Structural Model Assessment Procedure (Joseph F Hair et al., 2021) 38

Figure 4.1 Shows The Respondents’ Experience In Construction Field 42

Figure 4.2 Show Type of Company the Respondent is Working For 43

Figure 4.3 Show Current Position of Respondents 44

Figure 4.4 Show Number of Projects Participated 45

Figure 4.5 Statistics the Scale of Project Capital Respondents Participated 46

Figure 5.1 The Original CFA Model 73

Figure 5.2 Analysis Results of CFA Model with Unstandardized Estimates 74

Figure 5.3 Analysis Results of CFA Model with Standardized Estimates 75

Figure 5.4 SEM Model 84

Figure 5.5 SEM model unstandardized estimates 85

Figure 5.6 SEM Model Standardized Estimates 85

Figure 5.7 SEM - Unstandardized Regression Weights 86

Figure 5.8 The Model Represents the Relationship Results 88

Figure 5.9 Process of Project Planning of General Contractor 95

Figure 5.10 Minimize Schedule Delays 96

Figure 5.11 Enhance Construction Estimation Quantity Takeoffs 99

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 List of Typical Urban Projects 2

Table 2.1 Characteristics of Stakeholders 8

Table 2.2 Literature Review 11

Table 3.1 Reliability Rating (Joseph F Hair, 2011) 30

Table 3.2 Guide For Sample Size Based On Factor Loading (I SA , 2020) (ISA 2020) 33

Table 4.1 Statistics of The Respondents’ Experience in the Construction Field 42

Table 4.2 Statistics of Type of Company the Respondent is Working For 43

Table 4.3 Statistics of Respondents’ current position 44

Table 4.4 Statistics Number of Projects Participated 45

Table 4.5 Show Scale of Project Capital Respondents Participated 45

Table 4.6 RII Ranking of Claims Causes 47

Table 4.7 Ranking Mean of The Claims Causes 49

Table 4.8 Case Claims Causes Processing Summary 54

Table 4.9 Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient 55

Table 4.10 Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient Claims Causes Scale 55

Table 4.11 Case Stakeholders Performance Processing Summary 56

Table 4.12 Cronbach's Alpha Stakeholder Performance Scale 57

Table 4.13 Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient Stakeholder Performance Scale 57

Table 4.14 Result KMO And Bartlett’s Test 58

Table 4.15 Total Variance Explained 59

Table 4.16 Rotated Component Matrix 61

Table 4.17 Grouping According to Claims Causes Properties 62

Table 4.18 Result KMO and Bartlett’s Test 67

Table 4.19 Total Variance explained 68

Table 4.20 Rotated Component Matrix 69

Table 4.21 Grouping According to Characteristic Stakeholder Performance Properties 69

Table 5.2 CFA - Standardized Regression Weights 77Table 5.3 Covariances Table 79Table 5.4 CFA Variances table 80

LIST OF ABBREVIATION

competence

6 UOC Uncontrollable objective and contractual

problems

8 ISS Incompetent subcontractors and suppliers

10 BUP Stakeholders' expectations about business

performance

11 PRP Stakeholders' expectations about project

performance

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Urban city development is a trend taking place in countries with fast urban development like Vietnam, due to the advantages that this model brings in controlling urban development in regions and on the peripheries of major cities Besides the above meanings, the planning of satellite towns also creates conditions for the development of new urban areas and houses with synchronous infrastructure and a better quality of life than in urban centers By satisfying cost criteria, urban development also aids the real estate market in making way for future construction The integrated urban area is designed to accommodate all functions in one location, including a rest area, education, entertainment, health care, and retail Instead of traveling for hours to experience life, you may now do it in only a few steps, and residents can quickly access a chain of utilities

The average economic growth of 6.5-7% in the past 10 years has helped Vietnam's economy have a solid foundation Economic growth helps to improve per capita income In 2019, Vietnam's GDP reached 2,800 USD, 3 times higher than in

2010 With economic growth in the period 2021–2030, it can reach 6.5–7.5%, and with the speed of population growth at 1.1%/year, Vietnam's GDP is forecasted to increase

by about 6%/year and can reach about 5,500–6,000 USD by 2030 Therefore, it leads

to an increase in housing demand, helping people own houses with higher value, besides increasing knowledge and living standards according to international standards On the market today are large-scale urban projects However, the most prominent ones are the ones mentioned as some prestigious and quite successful projects such as Ecopark urban project (Hung Yen), Phu My Hung urban (District 7, Ho Chi Minh City), and most recently, the Vinhome Ocean Park project in Long Bien District, Hanoi The projects have significantly changed the faces of big cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City because of their scale of over 400 hectares with synchronous infrastructure and utilities The strength of these mega-urban projects is that they have good living space with a construction density of about 30–40% (compared to a density of 60–100% in the central area), infrastructure, living facilities, and security urban safety is guaranteed.) (Followed Duc Hoa, 2020)

However, in the field of urban city projects, stakeholders have many undesirable factors in the construction process that affect the schedule, quality, and cost Understandably, the actual schedule of completing the project exceeded the planned schedule, making the final settlement cost higher than the total cost of the original plan This results in reduced profits for stakeholders and is economically inefficient Besides, when there are too many design changes, labor productivity may be lower than the original plan of the contractor This invisibility can lead to inefficiencies in safe working conditions Frequent design changes can also be the cause of poor construction quality due to reduced labor productivity The above issues will be studied to show the relationships between influencing factors in the study

1.1 Problem Statement

In Vietnam, there are now more and more new urban areas appearing New urban centers distributed around a central large urban center are separated from the central city by a green area and a convenient transport connection to the central urban area is a solution to help control and prevent the problems of overpopulation, traffic jam, and pollution Simultaneously, promoting the attractiveness and economic benefits of urban development is critical

With the rapid development of society, urban construction is expanding rapidly The following is a list of typical urban projects (table 1.1)

Table 1.1 List of Typical Urban Projects

Thu Thiem urban,

Thu Duc city, Ho

Chi Minh city

Dai Quang Minh with Sa La Urban Area project, CII with Thu Thiem Lakeview, and Thu Thiem Marina projects; Tien Phuoc - Keppel Land - Gaw Capital - Tran Thai joint venture with Empire City project;

25 billion USD 657 ha

Phu My Hung

urban, District 7,

Ho Chi Minh city

Central Trading Development (CT&D)

of Taiwan and IPC Company (Vietnam) 5 billion USD

2,600

ha

Urban construction in Vietnam is growing To increase competitiveness, contractors need to ensure factors such as quality, schedule, human resources, and the application of new technology are considered in the project To identify, measure, and forecast the feasibility of the project early from the start to take measures to prevent and avoid claims causes and ensure the goals are set from the beginning phase

As can be seen in the issues mentioned above in the introduction, claim causes can affect the stakeholder’s performance Furthermore, the relationships between the causes of the claim and the performance of stakeholders will be studied With the above method, the relationship between claim causes and stakeholders’ performance will be studied to the root cause

By reviewing and evaluating the relationship between claim causes and stakeholder performance The relationship between claim causes and stakeholder performance is still not interesting or lacks interest from the researchers or practitioners Most of the studies only go into the general study of claims causes and stakeholder performance The writen wants to study the links between claim causes effectt on cost and schedule and stakeholder performance in urban projects

The writen will attempt to illustrate the influence the claim causes on stakeholder

Urban on the west

bank of the Saigon

River, Ho Chi

Minh city

Vingroup, Sunwah Group, SSG Group, Him Lam Corporation, Van Thinh Phat Group, and Saigontourist Corporation

6 billion USD 127 ha

GS Metro City

Urban, Ho Chi

Minh city

GS E&C Corporation from Korea 3 billion USD 350 ha

Van Phuc Urban,

Thu Duc city, Ho

Chi Minh City

Cat Lai Urban, Thu

Duc city, Ho Chi

Minh City

between causes and stakeholder performance in this research Furthermore, stakeholder performance may be defined as the outcomes that stakeholders obtain once the project

is completed The findings of the study aid in improving project and stakeholder performance in urban projects in Vietnam

1.2 Research Object

- To identify and assess the claim causes affecting to cost and schedule for new urban city projects in Vietnam

- Compare with previously published studies

- Identify criteria for measuring stakeholder performance

- To investigate the relationships among claims causes affecting cost and schedule, and the stakeholder performance

1.3 Scope of Study

- The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between claims caused

by affecting cost and schedule and the stakeholder performance in the project following:

- A study on urban projects in Vietnam from 2017 to 2021 special focus on areas with high construction density, such as Ho Chi Minh City

- Find the root claims causes of the relationships between causes and stakeholder performance

- Survey respondents mainly focus on engineers, architects, supervision consultants, and experts with experience in urban city projects They can come from owners' companies, contractors' companies, subcontractors' companies, and suppliers' companies

1.4 Contribution of the Topic

1.4.1 Contribution to the Scientific

- To identify the causes and relationships between the claims causes and stakeholder performance

- Applying the SEM model to determine the relationships that affect claim causes

appropriate options for reducing the impact of claim causes and improving the quality of urban projects in Vietnam

1.4.2 Contribution to the Practical

Providing contractors, a tool to dig deeper into claims cause affect urban project and stakeholder performance To contribute to helping contractors have more opportunities in the future to increase profits, efficiency, on schedule, and high quality

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 General Introduction

This chapter has an overview of issues related to previous research topics, such

as journals, scientific articles, and published domestic and foreign theses From there,

it helps us to know the current status of the research and its relation to this topic

2.2 Definition and Concept

2.2.1 Definition of Claim Causes

A construction claim can be defined as a request by either party to the contract, usually the Contractor, for claims caused by failure of the other party to fulfil his part

of obligations as specified in the contract The claim cause is usually in the form of the additional payment or an extension of time (EOT).(Abhishek Shah, 2014)

Construction claims are considered by many project participants to be one of the most disruptive and unpleasant events of a project Claims are becoming a way of life and, indeed, an indispensable part of modern contract systems Once a claim has been presented, the owner and contractor can come to an agreement concerning the claim and, thereby, create a change order or a modification, or they may disagree and create

a construction contract dispute.(Zaneldin, 2006)

A construction claim is the statement of a right requiring more time or money as

a consequence of an activity In any building project, it is feasible to fulfill construction claims

Owners, contractors, and subcontractors in this setting strive to meet their objectives and expectations to optimize their advantages Diverse objectives and anticipations of stakeholders may give birth to conflict

Inadequate project planning, changes in the project's scope, change orders, mistakes, and omissions may all contribute to these issues

If the disagreements are not effectively handled, disputes that threaten the

2.2.2 Claim Settlement Method

When the contractor discovers the problem, he should try to eliminate or avoid

it If he cannot do so, then he should write to a letter to the owner to make a formal the claim This is the first step in claim procedure The problem is approached during regular meetings, or a special meeting may be arranged to settle or discuss this dispute These procedures may be as follows (Abhishek Shah, 2014)

Figure 2.1 Claim Settlement Method (Abhishek Shah, 2014)

2.2.3 Definition of Stakeholder Performance

Stakeholder performance is defined as the results achieved by stakeholders after

a project is finished (V T Nguyen & Do, 2021)

The relationship among different contracting parties in the construction industry

is complex, as it involves many project stakeholders such as owners, consultants, and contractors In a study of relationships between the stakeholders’ performance and project success (Rashvand & Zaimi Abd Majid, 2014)

Based on previous studies, grouped stakeholder performance into 9 categories like table below:

Table 2.1 Characteristics of Stakeholders

(Ali, Sulaihi, & Al-Gahtani, 2013) (Goodenough

Al-D Oppong, Chan, & Dansoh, 2017) (Enshassi, Mohamed, & Abushaban, 2009)

2 Complete the project schedule as the original plan

(V T Nguyen

& Do, 2021) (Enshassi et al., 2009) (Cho, Hong, & Hyun, 2009)

3 The cost of the project is within the budget

(Ali et al., 2013) (Cho et al., 2009)

4 The quality of the work is achieved as required

(V T Nguyen

& Do, 2021) (Ali et al., 2013) (Enshassi et al., 2009)

(V T Nguyen

& Do, 2021) (Enshassi et al., 2009)

6 Reputation of the stakeholder is enhanced

(Goodenough

D Oppong et al., 2017) (Goodenough Dennis

No Name of stakeholder performance Source

(Ali et al., 2013) (Goodenough

D Oppong et al., 2017) (Andjani, 2021) (Enshassi et al., 2009)

8 The level of credibility of the stakeholder for future projects

(Goodenough

D Oppong et al., 2017) (Molwus, 2014)

9 Do not litigation or legal troubles

(Almutairi, Kashiwagi, Kashiwagi, & Sullivan, 2020) (Dogan, 2019)

2.2.4 Characteristics of Urban Project

All project-related stakeholders, such as the Owner, Main Contractor, Subcontractor, Designer, Consultant, Contractor, and Supplier, must work together to finish and operationalize a project The building phase is the most crucial period In an urban project, many contractors are concurrently executing many different things, or many contractors are simultaneously building many different items

- Managing a large number of projects at the same time, as well as a large number

of urban projects

- The project involves several stakeholders at the same time

- The project has a significant budget and cash flow

- The creation, execution, administration, and operation of numerous projects at the same time are complicated

- Need large human resources as well as equipment

- Because so many contractors are working on the same project at the same time, the management process is fraught with dangers

- The project has a size from 100 ha to over

- The project includes streetscapes, buildings, soft and hard landscaping, signage, lighting, roads, and other infrastructure The physical texture of an urban area is referred to as urban fabric

- Strategically developing technological and social infrastructure

2.2.5 Chart Stakeholders Involved

The diagram showing the stakeholders' joining in a project follows the figure below:

Figure 2.2 Categorizations Of Stakeholders (Molwus, 2014)

2.3 Related Studies

2.3.1 Summary Literature Study

Table 2.2 Literature Review

In addition to the seven scenarios, there is a construction claims section that discusses many of the concerns that may arise from

a claim There is a discussion

of various preventive measures that may be taken to limit the harm caused by the issues

Simulate impacts on a typical project cost history and schedule

Each scenario is described in detail, and the damages caused

by the situation are quantified There is a section on construction claims for each of the seven situations, and it covers a wide range of topics There is a debate on how to reduce the harm caused by the difficulties that have been described

As a result of these statements, it seems that building has ceased and projects have been delayed

This study examines data from 124 construction claims for a range of building projects in Dubai and Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Relative importance index (RII)

The data was evaluated, and the findings and suggestions for reducing or preventing claims

in construction were presented

Source Year Title of the paper Objectives Methodologies Results

Delays in the building are one

of the most prevalent obstacles in the construction industry In terms of time, cost, quality, and safety, delays have a detrimental impact on the success of a project In a nation like the United Arab Emirates, building delays affect the whole economy, not just the construction sector

Literature review, questionnaire survey, the Relative Importance Index (RII), The Spearman rank correlation coefficient

Some recommendations are made to aid UAE construction professionals in minimizing construction delays and the problems that come with them Building delays in the UAE have been linked to a shortage

of personnel This might be due

to the greater claim causes in the UAE construction sector forcing contractors to cut down

on this resource to compensate for others

The two criteria for a successful project and good project management are on-time completion and on-budget costs Construction projects in Vietnam’s are notorious for being late and over budget

Literature review, questionnaire survey, The Frequency Index (FI), Severity index (SI), Importance index

There are some suggestions given to help UAE construction workers avoid delays and the problems that come with them

A lack of workers has been blamed for the UAE's construction delays This could

be because contractors in the UAE construction industry have to cut this resource to make up for others After all, pay has gone up

Source Year Title of the paper Objectives Methodologies Results

- Impact of risk factors in construction projects and solutions

Research finds ways to cope with the many changes that occur during project implementation, thereby preventing the project from being completed on time and within budget

Questionnaire survey, Cronbach’s alpha, (Exploratory Factor Analysis) EFA, SPSS

The research results show that four risk factors negatively affect the outcome of the project such as financial, technical, management, and market risks

of the employer and the contractor

To give contractors and employers tranquility, strategies for eliminating or minimizing dangers in high-risk regions have been proposed

Literature review, questionnaire survey, risk matrix

The survey results from various groups revealed six factors: low subcontractor commitment to quality of work, failure of foreign contractors to complete detailed engineering on time, lack of contractors' financial resources, contractors' offering lower-than-reasonable prices to win the bid, delay in payment

of contractors' claims and statements due to weaknesses

in handling financial documents, and governance based on relationships as opposed to rules

The six risk management methods, as well as the

Source Year Title of the paper Objectives Methodologies Results

ro c b n (Project risks, project risk management and basic risk response strategies)

risk response strategy for the project are essential to increase the opportunities and reduce the risks to the project objectives The article clarifies the concept of project risk and related concepts and presents the attitude to dealing with risk

techniques discussed, may assist not only the project owner but also other project stakeholders in efficiently managing project risks

Ch m Tr Ti n Trong Các D Án

u T Xây D ng S

D ng V n Nhà N c

- Examining And Developing Model For Assessing Causes

Of Delay In Construction Projects Invested By Govermental Funds

In Vietnam's building business, delays have been and continue to be a major issue Several studies have looked at the major reasons for building project delays

These investigations, on the other hand, are often broad in character, not unique to each set of work products or place

The progress of state capital investment projects in Bac Lieu province is investigated

in this research

Literature review, questionnaire survey, the Relative Importance Index (RII),

The research results show that

5 reasons have the strongest impact on the possibility of delay in the view of all project participants, including the financial ability of the contractor and difficulty in funding for implementation

(Islam

& 2017

Construction Delays

in Developing Countries

The study will assist both academic and professional experts in providing more

The method of the study was literature survey

A large number of papers have been examined in this field The reasons for delay are

Source Year Title of the paper Objectives Methodologies Results

rsyah,

2017)

delays and project management in developing countries

sources, Scimago Journal Rank (SJR)

categories, with 53 of the most common causes of delay being identified as significant in developing nations The delays have a significant impact on project objectives such as schedule and cost overrun

in Cambodia

Cambodia's building sector is

a major contribution to the country's economic growth and development Identifying the different parameters for a construction project delay using residential construction projects as a starting point A survey of contractors and consultants was conducted, and the findings were analyzed

Literature review, questionnaire survey, the Relative Importance Index (RII), Spearman’s rank correlation

The study's main contribution

to the global construction management community is the identification and grading of the causes for project delays in construction on any local factors A considerable percentage of the issue of project delays might be avoided

by identifying and addressing the main underlying causes of project delays

Time and cost overruns have become commonplace in the majority of building projects throughout the globe Cost estimation and schedule extensions have resulted in a great deal of waste and lost

Questionnaire survey, a pilot study was carried out to test and prove the questionnaire

When it comes to building time and expense overruns, this study starts with a review of the relevant literature According

to published studies, there are

19 different types of reasons why construction projects run

Source Year Title of the paper Objectives Methodologies Results

parties As a consequence, this research investigated the variables that impact time and cost overruns in Penang, Malaysia, high-rise development projects

reliable and clear to be answered in a way that helps

to achieve the target of the study

primary reasons for cost and time overruns were determined based on the replies collected Because of the time and expense overruns involved with high-rise building construction project delays, it's important to identify the issues

to have a better knowledge of what's causing the delays

As a consequence of the existing hazards and growing complexities of modern construction projects, industrial delays and cost overruns have become commonplace Using a range

of approaches, researchers and clinicians have evaluated the cost of project delays and the anxiety of delays among participating businesses

Fundamental delay analysis is regarded as one of the most trustworthy methodologies for assessing building delays

Literature review, questionnaire survey, the Relative Importance Index (RII), Critical Relative Index (FUZZY) process

The employee organizes the responses and case study material obtained Organizing the things according to the respondent's conclusions has improved the task since the majority of the tasks obtained are in line with the respondent's indicated findings Following the commencement of planning for the key factors that led to the construction process delay, the research on the construction industry delay's effects began

Source Year Title of the paper Objectives Methodologies Results

(Thúy,

2020) 2020

Qu n Lý R i Ro Cho Các D Án u T Phát Tri n ô Th T i

Hà N i - Risk Management For Urban Development Investment Projects In

Hanoi

Improve the theoretical and practical basis of risk management for urban development investment projects

Literature review, questionnaire survey, fish bone, risk matrix, probability statistics

The high risks that need attention and must have a priority treatment plan are that the Contractor lacks manpower

on the construction site; Management capacity of the Investor / Project

1 Management Board is still weak; The design has many flaws; 2 There are many flaws

in the construction process

(Rarasa

t, 2020) 2020

Causes of delays in construction project for developing Southeast Asia countries

The results of the research back up the idea that contractors working on projects in underdeveloped countries are dealing with labor shortages, contractor inefficiency/incompetence,

Literature review method

is adopted in this study; The frequency of those factors identified by the

This analysis indicated that contractor difficulties were the leading source of delays in the growing area of Southeast Asia

The research found that contractors in developing

Source Year Title of the paper Objectives Methodologies Results

and challenges created by clients

respective studies

contractor inefficiency/incompetence, and client-caused difficulties

Analysing projects in Malaysia

Provides valuable insights to the construction community

to revise delay factors and realign project management strategies to ensure project completion on time

Literature review, questionnaire survey, Index analysis approach, relative importance index (RII)

Prescriptive research using action and constructive research methods would also aid in examining the strategic mitigation measures required to decrease and control the level

of schedule delays to address the underlying management issues

2.3.2 Summary of the Claims Causes

From the combination of relevant previous studies and expert opinions, the written gives claims of causes that affect the overall cost and progress of the urban project

Claims caused by the main contractor

1

Defective leads to failure and rework (The contractor

does not control the quality of the work, causing repetitive

work, causing loss of time and cost.)

(Islam &

Trigunarsyah, 2017) (Lam Long Thinh, 2016)

2 Inaccurate estimate (Take off quantity) (Yap et al., 2021)

3

Lack of data to calculate construction tasks and resources

(contractor calculates lack of work, does not predict the

risks faced during construction)

(Lam Long Thinh, 2016)

4 Inadequate early planning of the project (Lack of factual

information to prepare for the site’s General Condition) Sayegh, 2007) (Faridi & El

5

Delay in implementation of field construction work (The

Contractor started work late and finished the work later

7 The contractor does not meet financial requirements (Abhishek Shah,

2014)

8 Due to the contractor's lack of experience and ability in

management

(Abhishek Shah, 2014) (Yap et al., 2021) (A Nor Haslinda & 2018)

No Claims cause Sources

(Lam Long Thinh, 2016)

9 Due to the contractor’s planning the wrong construction

method Improper use of machinery and equipment

(Islam &

Trigunarsyah, 2017) (Lam Long Thinh, 2016) (Le-Quang, 2013)

10

Execute does not comply with design documents (The

contractor has the wrong size and type of materials

compared to the approved design documents.)

(Le-Quang, 2013)

11 Due to workers' strikes, or stopping working (Abhishek Shah,

2014)

Claims caused by the Subcontractor

12 Subcontractors are not qualification / Incompetent

Subcontractor

(Lam Long Thinh, 2016)

13 Shortage of Materials on-site/ Late delivery or Poor

materials quality leads to change materials

(Islam &

Trigunarsyah, 2017) (Lam Long Thinh, 2016)

Claims caused by the Owner

14 Incomplete bidding information is provided (Abhishek Shah,

2014)

15 The owner and the owner's project management board at

the site are not qualified

(Yap et al., 2021) (Le-Quang, 2013)

16

Additional Works / Owner's Change order ((The owner

adjusts the design many times compared to the original

approved drawing.)

(Yap et al., 2021) (A Nor Haslinda

& 2018) (Islam & Trigunarsyah, 2017)

No Claims cause Sources

17

Late payment according to contractual commitments

(The Owner is late in paying the contractor in installments

according to the contract, making it difficult for the

contractor to pay suppliers and subcontractors.)

(Abhishek Shah, 2014) (Islam &

Trigunarsyah, 2017) (Lam Long Thinh, 2016)

18 Accelerate the project's schedule compared to the original

schedule

(Abhishek Shah, 2014)

19

Delay hand over the construction site premises (The

Owner delays handing over the site for the contractor to

start construction)

(Thúy, 2020) (Lam Long Thinh, 2016)

Claims caused by the designer

20

The design has many errors (Complicated design,

inappropriate technology solutions, lack of design details,

design confusion)

(Nguyen-Anh, 2021) (Yap et al., 2021) (Lam Long Thinh, 2016)

21

Late approval sample/material/ design (The Contractor

often adjusts some design details to facilitate construction

and the Investor is slow to approve the change.)

(Yap et al., 2021) (A Nor Haslinda

& 2018)

Claims caused by the board supervisor management of the

owner

22

High-quality requirements make the schedule difficult

(The owner or owner site manager requires a high quality

of work The requirements are different from the

regulations on construction quality.)

(Le-Quang, 2013)

23

The quality management process has many flaws (there is

no synchronization between the design consultant and the

design consultant in terms of construction quality and

acceptance)

(Thúy, 2020)

24 Poor material quality and errors in materials testing

(experiments are not according to the procedure, the

(Yap et al., 2021) (A Nor Haslinda

& 2018)

No Claims cause Sources

experiment is not according to the prescribed criteria,

they are not careful in the experiment, do not experiment)

Other claims caused

25 The scope and responsibility of the project warranty Expert opinion

26 Site accidents due to a lack of safety measures (Yap et al., 2021)

27 Due to non-compliance with authorized procedures (Abhishek Shah,

The conflict between the stakeholders who joined the

project (occurrences of fights, quarrels, causing

difficulties at work due to differences in work attitudes

and working culture)

(Nguyen-Anh, 2021)

31 Market price fluctuations

(Yap et al., 2021) (Islam &

Trigunarsyah, 2017) (Le-Quang, 2013)

32

Government intervention (due to improper construction

by the contractor, not ensuring environmental sanitation

and noise)

(Abhishek Shah, 2014) (Yap et al., 2021) (A Nor Haslinda & 2018)

33 Unforeseen factors (Weather extreme, disease, natural

disaster (COVID-19))

(Yap et al., 2021) (A Nor Haslinda

& 2018) (Islam &

Trigunarsyah, 2017) (Lam Long Thinh, 2016)

2.3.3 Explain the Claimed Causes from Experts' Opinion

According to the expert opinion item 33, "The scope and responsibility of the project warranty," it is necessary to determine the responsibility and scope that will be warranted after completion and operation For example, the aluminum and glass contractors belong to the direct management of the owner After the main contractor completes the building wall and it is checked and accepted by the supervisor of the owner, he will hand it over to the aluminum and glass contractor During the construction and installation of the door frame, the aluminum and glass contractor needs to drill the wall to fix the door frame However, aluminum and glass contractors do not handle them carefully, causing wall penetration or wall cracking At this point, it's important to figure out who is in charge of the warranty

This chapter presents the following:

- The definition and characteristics of urban city projects, claims cause, and stakeholder performance

- A synthesis of papers about claims causes leads to project delays and cost overruns (including project title, research object, research method, and results)

- The claims were determined from a selection of studies incorporating expert opinion to add additional claims, affecting cost and schedule with 33 aggregated claims

- The next chapter will present the research process, survey procedure, and survey data analysis methods

CHAPTER 3: THE THEORETICAL BASIS AND RESEARCH METHODS

3.1 Research Methodology

3.1.1 Research Process

Figure 3.1 Thesis Research Diagram

3.1.2 Summary of The Research Process

Chapter I: The most important first step is to define the research problem and

objective so that the right research can be conducted And the research objective here is determined to be the claimed causes affecting the schedule and cost of urban projects Find tools that demonstrate the relationship between claim causes and stakeholder performance

Chapter II: The claims affect the cost and schedule of urban projects based on

definitions, research, journals, expert opinions, and the opinions of people with experience

Chapter III: The questionnaire will be designed based on the objectives and list

of claims The questionnaire will be piloted before the official survey The pilot survey will be sent to experts or experienced people for corrections

Chapter IV: After completing the official questionnaire, the survey and data

collection will be conducted

After the data is collected and checked, the analysis will be conducted with SPSS

Chapter V: Using AMOS software to show relationships between groups

Through SEM model analysis, proposed measures to manage claims caused to affect the cost and schedule of the urban project

Chapter VI: Conclusions and recommendations from the results of the analysis 3.2 Questionnaire Design

Based on the summary of the claims causes from the previous studies, journals, and consultations with experts and experienced people on the relationship between the performance of stakeholders and the claims caused by affecting cost and schedule to design the questionnaire