Review and plan to remove the inefficient technology, industries not environmentally friendly in binh thuan province

Review and plan to remove the inefficient technology, industriesnot environmentally friendly in Binh Thuan province Bao Nguyen TRINH, Thanh BAO, Hoang Tuan TRAN Sub-Institute of Hydromet

Review and plan to remove the inefficient technology, industries

not environmentally friendly in Binh Thuan province

Bao Nguyen TRINH, Thanh BAO, Hoang Tuan TRAN

Sub-Institute of Hydrometeorology & Environment of South Vietnam (SIHYMETE)

Address: 19 Nguyen Thi Minh Khai St, Dist.1, HCM City, Viet Nam

Tel: (+84)-8-38243815 Email: trinhbao69@yahoo.fr Abstract:

Climate Change is well known as a factor of weather changes, but the impact of climate change on public health is rarely considered It is due to rising temperatures and prolonging, and its indirect effect is an infectious disease increase Climate change affects on the Weather (storms, heavy rainfall, rising sea levels), Environment (gas emission, water salinity) and Society (human) And this leads to reduce the profits of the company due to higher production costs because of expensive fresh water to cooling machines, the cost of insurance

in natural risk disasters increase and having to pay high insurance for workers in the environment pollution That is one of the reasons why the impact of climate change on the economy relates to use the efficient technology and to develop the industries environmentally friendly

Another related point of view is that Vedan Co polluted Thi Vai river by the wastewater due

to lax management of local government And then the trademark of the Vedan Co has lost the consumers' credibility So plan for sustainable development is a new approach (challenge)

to local government manage the sustainable development of economy, society and environment by integrating urban planning with development sustainability (principles and practice) Therefore, remove the inefficient technology, industries not environmentally friendly is urgently needed to avoid the business risks, due directly or indirectly by climate change and to help the businesses to maintain the clean development mechanism trademark (environmentally friendly) on the market And thus, the enterprises can develop and trade in advantage and sustainable natural environment

Keywords: efficient technology, industries environmentally friendly, sustainable development

1 INTRODUCTION

For humans, sustainability is the potential

for long-term maintenance of well being,

which has ecological, economic, political

and cultural dimensions Sustainability

requires the reconciliation of

environmental, social equity and economic

demands - also referred to as the "three

pillars" of sustainability or the 3 Es

(Fig.2) According to [1], “There is no

agreed way of defining the extent to which sustainability is being achieved in any policy programme Sustainability and sustainable development are effectively ethical concepts, expressing desirable outcomes from economic and social decisions The term ‘sustainable’ is therefore applied loosely to policies to express this aspiration, or to imply that the policy choice is ‘greener than it might otherwise be (e.g the idea of a ‘sustainable

road building programme’) Everywhere

the rhetoric of sustainable development is

ignored in practical decisions Often

sustainable development ends up being

development as usual, with a brief

embarrassed genuflection towards the

desirability of sustainability The

important matter of principle therefore

becomes a victim of the desire to set

targets and measure progress”

Face to Climate change and Sea level rise,

it’s a challenge to local government Binh

Thuan province to manage the sustainable

development of economy, society and

environment by integrating urban planning

with development sustainability (principles

and practice) In order to attain this

objective, the first step of this practical

decision is to review and plan to remove

the inefficient technology, industries not

environmentally friendly in Binh Thuan

province

Section 2 is the introduction to Binh Thuan

province: geography and natural resources,

climate, society, energy and industry

Section 3 is the sustainable development;

section 4 is discussion and finally section 5

is conclusion

2 BINH THUAN PROVINCE

Figure 1: Administrative map of Binh Thuan.

2.1 Geography and Natural resources

Binh Thuan (Fig.1) is the coastal province

in the south central part of Vietnam;

Latitude: from 10°33'42" to 11°33'18";

Longitude: from 107°23'41" to 108°52'18"

North and northeast is Ninh Thuan

province, northwest is Lam Dong

province, southwest is Ba Ria - Vung Tau

province and east is East sea Figure 1

shows the administrative map of Binh Thuan province in Vietnam

Binh Thuan province area is 782.846 ha in which there are 201.100 ha of agricultural area (25,68%), 374.409 ha of forest area (47,82%), 21.403 ha of specialized area (2,73%), 6.331 ha of habitation area (0,8%) and 174.603 ha of the rest area (unused area, river and rocks, 22,3%), according to the General Statistical Office (www.gso.gov.vn)

This province is prolonged along from Northeast to Southwest, the majority of province is the low hills, narrow coastal plains, divided into three main types: sand dunes and coastal dune area (18,22%) distributed along the coast from Tuy Phong to Ham Tan (Fig 1); delta (9.43%) and hills (31.66%) The total area of the river basin is 9880 km2 with a length of

663 km

Along the coastal area of Binh Thuan province, there are 6 business units that had explored on 7 areas with total area of 1,900 ha and discovered the reserves over

4 millions ton of Titanium-Zircon And the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) had licensed to exploit a mineral reserve over 885,000 tons of Bentonite Currently the JSC Building Materials and Minerals Binh Thuan is exploiting the sand (glass and industry) in the communal area Hong Liem, Ham Thuan Bac (Fig.1) with the exploitation capacity of 30,000 m3/year Two mineral water companies: Vinh hao and Da kai are exploiting and processing Furthermore, the building stones and clay mines are being exploited

Binh Thuan has also a coastline of 192 km,

a marine area of 52,000 km2, favorable for fishing and tourism Binh Thuan Sea is one of the Vietnamese major fisheries, reserves quantity seafood from 220 to 240 thousand tons, rich with many kinds of seafood specialties rare high economic value such as shrimp, scallops, oysters, etc… The area along the river and coast has a potential development of semi-intensive shrimp farming around 1,000 ha

Coastal areas and islands can grow fish in

cages, assorted seafood specialties such as

grouper, lobster On the East Coast, The

district island Phu Quy is very close to the

international shipping, as the North-South

exchanges and Spratlys’ fishery, favorable

to the development of seafood processing,

development of maritime services,

tourism

2.2 Society

The province has more than 20 ethnic

groups; the Kinh is the largest 93.01%

The ethnic minorities such as Cham,

Ra-glai, Chinese, Tay, Cho-ro people, and

other ethnic groups accounted for 0.46%

The province has 10 administrative units

include: 1 city, 1 town and 8 districts

Phan Thiet City is the cultural, political,

economic, social center of the province

In 2010, the average population is

estimated around 1,184 million

Population growth rate is declining, but the

birth rate is higher than the national

average The difference between migration

and immigration in recent years hadn’t

impact on the province's population Binh

Thuan population structure is young The

working-age group accounted for 57.3%

and the group over working age was 7.6%

The changes in the age structure of the

population tends increasingly rational, can

be seen as an advantage in human

resources for the economic development in

the coming period Due to the location and

topography, Binh Thuan's population is

unevenly distributed, mostly in densely

populated coastal plains and river basins

The increased proportion of urban

population shows the economic tendency

to restructuring industries and services, but

also create pressure for vocational training

and employment as well as social issues

2.3 Climate

Binh Thuan province is located in the

driest areas nationwide with windy and

sunny The average annual temperature is

26.5°C - 27.5°C The average rainfall is

800-1600 mm/year, lower than the

national average of about 300 mm/year South Central Coastal areas has formed dunes extend constantly from Da Nang to Binh Thuan contribute to desertification, typically in 2 provinces Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan The climate change drought and extreme weather events had intensified

in these areas The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) had declared in 2005 that 300,000 ha of the South central Vietnam (Binh Thuan, Ninh Thuan and South of Khanh Hoa) is seasonal or permanent drought land

During the past 10 years, the provinces in the region had been threatened with drought in 1999 and had around 203,000 people with water shortage Climate change scenarios in Binh Thuan province show that in 2020 the drought season period increases 10 to 30 days in high scenario and 5 to 20 days in low scenario;

in 2050 it increases to 20 to 65 days in high scenario and 15 to 40 in low scenario; and in 2100, it increases 40 to 170 days in high scenario and 20 to 50 days in low scenario

Also, in recent years, intense storms occur much more in the province The orbit of storm gradually moved to the south; and hurricane season ends later and storms pathway is also more anomalies than before In 2006, Binh Thuan province is directly affected by the powerful storm 9 (DURIAN) on the night 4 to the dawn 5/12/2006, causing serious damage to Phu Quy island and coastal areas province, 2 kills, 44 injures In the statistical sequence from 1961 to 2005, only 6 hurricanes affect in our country in December and there is no storm intensity as the storm 9

So climate change in Binh Thuan province had influenced on the lives and livelihoods

of the local communities and the economy

by the frequency and intensity of storms flood, tidal surge and water deficit

2.4 Energy and Industry

Electricity networks are widely developed

in the province, in 2010, electricity

accounted for 49% daily activities; 42%

industrial production – construction;

approximately 0.85% agriculture, forestry

and fisheries; 6.8% trade - services, hotels

Power supply for Binh Thuan province

mainly from the National Grid (NG)

include:

- Ham Thuan hydropower plant consists of

two power units: 2x150MW Connected to

NG 220kV by 3 Transmission Lines (TL):

271 to the Da Mi hydropower Plant; 272 to

Long Thanh station 220/110kV; and 273

to Bao Loc station Connected to 110 kV

NG by 3 TL: 173 Duc Linh station; 172

and 171 to Phan Thiet station

- Da Mi hydropower plant 2 power units

with capacity 2x87,5 MW Connected to

NG 220kV by 2 TL: 271 to Ham Thuan

hydropower plant and 272 to Long thanh

station 220/110kV

- Dai Ninh hydropower plant 300 MW

- Bac Binh hydropower plant 33 MW

- Wind power 1 (phase 1) 7.5 MW

- Da Nhim hydropower plant: four units

with capacity: 4x40 MW Connected to

NG 220kV by 2 TL: 271 to Bao Loc

station and 272 to Nha Trang station

Connected to NG 110 kV by 3 TL: 171 to

Duc Trong station; 172 to Thap Cham

station and 173 to Cam Ranh station

- Phu Quy island district: diesel power

plant with capacity 6x500kW, total 3 MW

And 30 client generators with total

capacity around 1.000kW

The power supply situation has not met the

quantity and the quality of the industrial

production; because the electricity is often

cut off and has not enough voltage that

greatly affect production So for the

industrial development, increasing the new

power supply in Binh Thuan province is

very urgent

3 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Figure 2 shows three pillars to have the

sustainable development such as:

Economy, Social Equity and Environment

This Figure shows that the sustainability

requires also the low emission CO2 (Environment)

However, Vietnam is one of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) For LDCs, development means satisfying the basic human needs of the population, including access to the jobs, food, health services, education, housing, running water, and sewage treatment And to fulfill these needs, we need huge amount of energy sources

Figure 2: Sustainable development.

Therefore, adopting clean and renewable energy based on economic development model and at the same time, accepting the accountability to keep Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions at its low throughout the industrial and economic activities in LDCs

is technically and economically possible But, we need a strong political mandate to adopt it

Happily, in April of this year (2013), the 49- strong group of LDCs agreed to accept binding cuts on emission reduction But developing countries’ National Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) should be supported

For this paper, the inefficient technology and industries not environmentally friendly in Binh Thuan province need to be defined in order to help the local government managing the businesses to maintain the clean development (environmentally friendly), develop and trade in advantage and sustainable natural environment

3.1 Inefficient technology and Industries

not environmentally friendly

Since Vietnam ratified the Kyoto protocol

on 25 September 2002, many directives,

circulars and decisions from the Prime

Minister’s office of Vietnam and MONRE

are given in order to respond to Climate

Change and Desertification, for example:

Decision No 79/2006/QD-TTg on April

14, 2006 of the Prime Minister approving

the national target program on energy

saving and efficiency

So the inefficient technology is a

technology that doesn’t respond to the

sustainable development (Figure 2) It

could be a technology not profitable

(Economy) and/or not social Equity (e.g

noise, safety in Figure 2) and/or not

environmental (e.g resources, true costs in

Figure 2)

Then the industries environmentally

friendly that are the industries reduce the

impact on the environment and preserve

the natural resources According to [2],

being environmentally friendly can save

money, give a good publicity and even

attract the new customers for the industry

An environmentally friendly industry that

uses resources efficiently is more

sustainable and more likely to minimize

the impact of environmental risks

Therefore, in order to have the sustainable

development, a strategy to remove the

inefficient technology, industries not

environmentally friendly is necessary

However, as mentioned above Vietnam is

one of LDCs so how could we make the

compatibility between the Energy demand

to develop and the low GHG emission

pathway in order to develop sustainable?

And especially in Binh Thuan province?

The answer is YES with the support of the

developing countries’ NAMAs According

to [3], Vietnam has the fund to identify

and submit the prioritized technology

needs, including technology transfer But

for each country and each province, it

depends on the natural resources

(Environment), the available human

resource (social Equity) and the financial

state (Economy) of this region, the strategic plan could be re-defined in order

to adapt to the condition of regional Climate and social economy

3.2 Sustainable development in Binh Thuan province

In order to create the advantage and sustainable development in natural environment for business, the challenge of the local government is to make a strategic plan to remove the inefficient industries and not environmentally friendly in the prioritized order which depends on the local conditions (Economy, Environment and social Equity) in Binh Thuan province such as: Climate Change, Desertification, human and natural resources and infrastructure, etc

According to [4]: National Climate

Change Adaptation Research Plan Primary Industries in Australia, a lot of

questions to the local government must be answered in order to establish an equitable prioritized list of industries to remove by identified the primary industries such as: What adjustments to production practices and technologies need to be developed to increase the adaptive capacity of Binh Thuan province’s primary industries? How can their effectiveness (benefits and costs)

be monitored and measured, and what practical issues need to be addressed for implementation? What characteristics of transformational change in primary industries are likely to provide advantage under changed climate conditions? What information, knowledge, tools, programs and policies are needed to support effective transformative adaptation in primary production systems? How can the well being of individuals and communities unable to undertake transformational changes be maintained? , Etc For more details, the reader is referred to [4]

Furthermore, according to [5], the strengthening cooperation between ministries and agencies must be integrated

to support to response to Climate Change

on the sustainable development pathway

In particular in Binh Thuan province it is

also very important to help the enterprises

to invest in the new efficient technology

and to build the industries environmentally

friendly without scaring about the

bureaucracy For example, Binh Thuan

province mandatory guidelines all manual

brick kiln switch on Hoffman kiln in the

province In Gia An commune, Tanh Linh

district with 13 businessmen they spend

tens of billions VND to invest in the

conversion Hoffman kiln However, many

kiln owners had to "sell off" because the

investment material is expensive but the

raw material clay is not enough to meet

production Especially in the case of

Thuan Kieu Co., the company is granted to

exploit the clay mines Gia An 2, in Gia An

commune with total mining area over 46

hectares when the company converted to

12 Hoffman kilns, but the lease procedure

land-use is not accepted because the deal

of application in land-use planning in the

province until 2010 have expired

according to the Department of Natural

Resources and Environment (DONRE)

and the land use plan period 2011 to 2015

of the province has not been approved by

the Government Therefore, the illegal

exploitation clays mines had been

happened in the district (source:

http://baobinhthuan.com.vn/vn/default.asp

x?news_id=56182)

Agriculture food: The very well known

fruit in Binh Thuan province is Dragon

fruit The farmer had used the

Light-Emitting Diode (LED) to warm the

Dragon fruit tree in the night in order to

increase the tree’s production, to save the

energy and to reduce the production’s

price And the most important point is that

the Farmer had also produced the Dragon

fruit’s wine in order to be independent in

Dragon fruit seasonal market’s price That

is the reason why the industrial processing

of agricultural products after harvesting

should be more focused attention by the

local government to ensure the good

agricultural prices in the harvest year for

the sustainable development in Agriculture

Renewable energy: with the climatic features sunny and windy, Binh Thuan province is the province most favorable in Vietnam to develop the renewable energy such as wind and solar power Currently, the wind/solar hybrid generator - grid connect system suitable for household, office and restaurant is available in Vietnam, for example: products in the website gptech.com.vn But there are not some policies to encourage the business to use this kind of energy Or to have a national grid system as in California, USA

to buy power during the day when more power electricity (supply more than demand) produced by the wind/solar power and sell power at night when power

is low, because the storage of renewable energy is very expensive

Aquaculture products (Seafood): In recent years, fishing in Binh Thuan province is facing on many challenges such as resource nearshore waters decline, fishing grounds shrunk due to the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas while the number of fishing vessels and production costs are rising Fishing offshore development in reaching the new fishing grounds with abundant aquatic resources is the actual demand and the inevitable trend

of fisheries development However, the current development of the province’s offshore fleet has also a certain number of difficulties Most reviews of the fishermen should be up at the conference 21/03/2013:

“Offshore development associated with the

logistic service, marine production teams

to assess the development of offshore vessels and fishermen’s problems encountered in the course of fishing in the sea” agreed that the state should care to

support and to fund for building new offshore fleet, because the cost is too large for the fishermen and they can not afford

http://www.cpv.org.vn/cpv/Modules/News /NewsDetail.aspx?

co_id=10184&cn_id=576197) And also

the growing unrest in the disputed

maritime territory in the East Sea has put

fishermen in a precarious position

Mining: The recommendations in a report

of DONRE on 14/04/2011 for mining

titanium in Binh Thuan province are:

“Currently most of the titanium-mining

project is not permitted to discharge the

wastewater into water sources though it

has been trained, checked and reminded

repeatedly Recently, the inspection teams

of the Department of Geology and Mineral

Administration have also requested to

establish a permit for discharge of

wastewater into water sources Reason:

According to investors' reports: it is not

established precedent for the discharge

wastewater records of titanium mining;

Not yet to find a solution to collect and

handle radioactivity alpha, beta in

wastewater during ore selection So

DONRE recommends: MONRE, Bureau

of Water Resources Management should

have established specific guidelines for

evaluating applications and exploitation of

groundwater, surface water and especially

in discharge wastewater records for the

mining and processing of titanium, which

is particularly interested in determining the

ability to provide water, prevention of

salinity and radioactive contamination in

water resources If possible to introduce

the qualified consulting units to establish

the discharge wastewater records for the

investors” So the awareness of the local

government and people (human resources)

is also needed to be enhanced

Therefore plan for sustainable

development is a challenge to local

government manage the sustainable

development of economy, social equity

and environment by integrating urban

planning with developing sustainability in

principles and practice: 1) principles are

because that needs a strong political

mandate to adopt it and 2) practice is

because that needs the reconciliation of the master (political mandatory) and strategic plans and the local economic power and the local people in Binh Thuan province

4 DISCUSSION

As mentioned above integrating urban planning with developing sustainability is one of tools that the local government could manage the sustainable development Green building and green city are currently the Keywords as urban planning in sustainable development And the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design developed by U.S Green Building Council - USGBC) certificate is the best certificate for the green city and green building

But in practice, the sustainable development is only accelerated if the local community supports it because for humans, sustainability is the potential for long-term maintenance of well being, which has ecological, economic, political and cultural dimensions So the awareness

of sustainable development of the local people in Binh Thuan province must be enhanced in order to participate with the local government to develop sustainability For example in USA the Sustainable

(www.sustainablejersey.com) is created as

a certification program for municipalities

in New Jersey that want to go green, save money and take steps to sustain their quality of life over the long term Launched in 2009, they are a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization that provides tools, training and financial incentives to support and reward communities as they pursue sustainability programs Because cities are so complex - as complex, it might say, as a living organism -sustainable cities are much more difficult

to achieve than green buildings or environmentally friendly cars For example, it’s not enough to have sustainable buildings in our city if they are all really far apart and everyone has to drive long distances to get around that

would be like eating a salad followed by

fried chicken Simply stated, one strategy

on it’s own is simply not enough to make

an entire city sustainable, rather what's

needed is a series of strategies such as:

Sustainable land use planning and urban

form; Innovative housing strategies;

Sustainable transportation and mobility;

Urban ecology and strategies for greening

the urban environment; Recycling,

up-cycling and closing the loop of stuff;

Energy conservation and renewable

energy; Sustainable building practices and

green governance and economy

Therefore, this paper is the first step that

the local government in Binh Thuan

province needs to build a strategic plan but

it is not possible to attain the sustainable

development yet Because it needs the

feedback of the local practice from the

local government and people (human

resource) such as: local culture, economy,

awareness, conscious and climate

Of course, the subject of the paper is so

large to be reduced in one paper However,

the main ideas (suggestions and/or

problems) are highlighted in different

primary industries in Binh Thuan province

and they are needed the attention of the

local government when a strategic plan to

remove the inefficient technologies,

industries not environmentally friendly in

Binh thuan province will be established

5 CONCLUSION

In sustainable development pathway, Binh

Thuan province or Vietnam in general

need to establish and to define step by step

the prioritized primary industries for each

region (different conditions: climate,

human and natural resources,

infrastructure) to develop and to be helped

by developing countries’ NAMAs And

the peace in the East Sea is one of the

necessary conditions that Vietnam could

develop sustainability too

Thus, the master plan, the strengthening cooperation between ministries and agencies, local awareness and conscious of the local government and people (human resources)…in Binh Thuan province must

be integrated together in order to develop sustainability step by step for long-term maintenance of well being

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the local government of Binh Thuan province for their confidence and kind assistance to realize this project

References

[1] Adams, W.M (2006) "The Future of Sustainability: Re-thinking Environment and Development in the

Twenty-first Century." Report of the

IUCN Renowned Thinkers Meeting,

29–31 January 2006

[2] http://www.business.qld.gov.au/busine ss/running/environment/environment-your-business

[3] Handbook for conducting Technology needs assessment for Climate change,

Convention on Climate Change

Development Program (UNDP), 11/2010

[4] Barlow, S, Eckard, R, Grace, P, Howden, M, Keenan, R, Kingwell, R, McKellar, R, Meinke, H, Miller, C, Nelson, Lee, Russell, J, George, D,

2013 National Climate Change

Adaptation Research Plan Primary Industries: Update Report 2013,

National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF), Gold Coast, Australia ISBN: 978-1-921609-80-0

[5] Tích hợp vấn đề Biến Đổi Khí Hậu vào

kế hoạch phát triển Kinh Tế- Xã Hội, PGS TS Trần Thục, TS Huỳnh Thị Lan Hương, ThS Đào Minh Trang