Proceedings of 2020 The 4th International Conference on E-Education, E-Business and E-Technology (ICEBT 2020

4D BIM Workspace Conflict Detection for Occupational Management A Case Study for Basement Construction Using Bottom Up Method Ngoc Nhi Thi Tran Master student Faculty of Civil Engineer

Proceedings of

2020 The 4th International Conference on E-Education, E-Business and E-Technology

(ICEBT 2020)

Shanghai, China June 05-07, 2020 ISBN: 978-1-4503-8778-1

The Association for Computing Machinery

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ACM ISBN: 978-1-4503-8778-1

iii

Table of Contents

2020 The 4th International Conference on E-Education, E-Business and E-Technology

(ICEBT 2020)

Preface v

Conference Committees vi

 Session 1 Business Model Innovation and Finance

Sub-region 1

Guoping Chen, Hao Wu, Hao Wei

Pu-Cong Li, Wei-Jing Kong, Wen-Liang Zhou

an Example 14

Run Xin He, Ping Zhu

Veronica L Nabbosa

Tianyuan Cai

 Session 2 Construction and Optimization of Education System

Agricultural University Library as an Example 33

Hao YU, Shi KANG

Based on IE 37

Mingyue Pu, Yanru Zhang

 Session 3 Information Technology Education

Xiaolin YAO, Qi WEI, Qisong ZHANG

Analysis 50

Yi Tian

 Marking Essays Automatically 56

Xinfeng Ye, Sathiamoorthy Manoharan

iv

Jie Shan, Hongyuan Mei

 Session 4 Project Management

Lixin YIN, Wei PAN

Ngoc Nhi Thi Tran, Hong Luan Pham

 Session 5 English Teaching Methods

Hui-Wen Huang, Qingxin Lin, Janine Julianna Darragh

Hui-Wen Huang, Nixuan Wu, Ye Jiang, Yongxing Li

v

Preface

The 4th International Conference on E-Education, E-Business and E-Technology (ICEBT 2020) has been successfully held in Shanghai, China from June 05 to 07, 2020 The objective of the conference is to provide a forum for the discussion of new developments, recent progress, and innovations in the E-Education, E-Business and E-Technology It addresses all aspects of the related fields The emphasis is on current and future challenges

in research and development in both academia and industry It emphasizes long-term, fundamental research aimed

at discovering novel phenomena, processes, and tools

The proceedings present a selection of some papers submitted to the conference from universities, research institutes and industries All of the papers were subjected to peer-review by conference committee members and international reviewers The papers selected for publishing in the proceedings depended on their quality and their relevancy to the conference The proceedings tend to present to the readers the recent advances in the field of E-Education, E-Business and E-Technology and related areas

We would like to thank the organization staff, the members of the program committees and reviewers They have worked very hard in reviewing papers and making valuable suggestions for the authors to improve their work We also would like to express our gratitude to the external reviewers, for providing extra help in the review process, and the authors for contributing their research results to the conference

We truly believe that the participants will find the discussion fruitful and enjoy the opportunity for setting up future collaborations

Best Regards

Conference Chair

Prof Lili Yang

Loughborough University, United Kingdom

Southern University of Science and Technology, China

vi

Conference Committees

Conference Chairs

Lili Yang, Loughborough University, United Kingdom

Makram El-Shagi, Henan University, China

Conference Program Chairs

Shaofeng Liu, University of Plymouth, UK

Christos Bouras, University of Patras, Greece

Hui-Wen Huang, Fujian University of Technology, China

Steering Committees

Marinela Mircea, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania

Conference Technical Committees

Choi Wai Ching, Jessie, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong Leng Ho Keat, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Giuliana Dettori, Istituto per le Tecnologie Didattiche, Genova, Italy

Hui-Wen Huang, Fujian University of Technology, China

Anabelie V Valdez, Mindanao State University, Philippines

Nurhani Aba Ibrahim, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Anna C Bocar, Gulf College, Oman

Lee, Se Won, Pukyong National University, Korea South

Zoran Wittine, University of Zagreb, Croatia

Mate Damic, University of Zagreb, Croatia

Svetlana De Vos, Australian Institute of Business, Australia

Noraffandy bin Yahaya, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia

Pu-Cong Li, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, China

Chathura Priyankara, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka

Mohd Hafeez Osman, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

Xu Hartling, Salem State University, USA

4D BIM Workspace Conflict Detection for Occupational Management A Case Study for Basement Construction

Using Bottom Up Method

Ngoc Nhi Thi Tran

Master student Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City

University of Technology-Vietnam National University,

Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam

E-mail: ttnnhi@hcmut.edu.vn

Hong Luan Pham

Associate Professor, Corresponding author Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology-Vietnam National University,

Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam

E-mail: phluan@hcmut.edu.vn

ABSTRACT

Construction activities need adequate workspaces to be executed

safely and minimize workspace conflicts leading to safety hazards

This study aimed to build a process of applying Building

Information Modeling (BIM) to manage construction workspace,

thereby supporting safety management The first step of the

process was to build a 4D BIM model including schedule and

workspace of the construction activities Then, this 4D BIM model

was used to detect workspace conflicts among activities, from

which the safety engineers can provide appropriate solutions

timely This process helps the safety engineers make a safety plan

visually and update safety information on the construction site

promptly

CCS Concepts

methodologies

Keywords

4D BIM; Construction workspace management; Safety

management; Safety planning

1 INTRODUCTION

The construction industry has a high rate of occupational accidents

Therefore, safety is one of the issues that need to be considered

when implementing a construction project Ensuring occupational

safety is a guarantee for employees to have a safe working

environment in which the risk of any possible safety hazards is

minimized In order to ensure occupational safety on the

construction site, the safety plan should be organized well at the

planning phase.[1]

Many technological innovations have been applied in the

construction industry to make effective safety plans However,

safety issues have not been much improved BIM can be utilized to

improve safety by connecting the safety plan with the construction

plan, providing more illustrative site layout as well as site status information.[2]

Construction activities need adequate spaces to be executed safely, called workspaces The workspace is considered both as a resource and as a constrain in safety planning and project scheduling On the construction site, the workspaces are constantly changing The location and the size of these spaces change in three-dimensional space over time Unreasonable workspace planning will result in time–space conflicts or in other words, workspace conflicts Workspace conflicts can lead to labor productivity loss and safety hazards[3] Workspace conflict could be removed to help ensure occupational safety on the construction site only when we could apply automated tools to identify, assess and analyze it

4D BIM can simulate and analyze workspaces so that can minimize workspace conflicts for construction activities during construction planning and safety planning phases This helps to assure occupational safety and productivity.[4]

2 DEFINITIONS

Building Information Modeling - BIM: is a platform, a technology,

a process, in which a lot of technologies and software are combined This process aims to create, utilize and manage information including geometric and non-geometric information of construction projects With the simulation environment of BIM, the stakeholders can visualize the implementation process of a project and identify problems that may occur during the design, construction and operation phases It supports to provide timely resolutions and enhances the discussion between the stakeholders Workspace: the required spaces to perform activities safely

3 LITERATURE REVIEW

Table 1 summarizes previous researches on construction management while workspace computation – simulation and workspace classification are presented in Table 2 and Table 3, respectively

There have been many studies on construction workspace management and there are many ways to classify workspaces In this study, the author defined three types of spaces as follows:

- Building component space: the space of the structural element itself, each building component takes up physical space on the construction site

- Worker space: the space required for workers, engineers to perform work safely, productively

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ICEBT'20, June 5–7, 2020, Shanghai, China

© 2020 Association for Computing Machinery

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https://doi.org/10.1145/3404649.3406879

- Machinery space: the space occupied by the machinery Some

popular types of machinery on the construction site such as

excavator, dumper, pump…

The workspace of activity defined by this study is shown in

formula (1) Each object in the model (building component,

worker, machinery) has its own space along with operation space and safety space These workspaces will be calculated by the safety engineer based on the construction method, the construction site status…

Table 1 Summary of Researches on Construction Workspace Management

Kassem & Mohamad,2014

[5]

Integrate schedule into Building Information Model in 4D / 5D BIM environment to manage workspaces of activities

Moon et al.,2014 [6] Create workspace by using a bounding box

Build an algorithm to detect schedule conflicts and workspace conflicts Zhang et al., 2015[4] Calculate workspace parameters based on Workforce Location Tracking Data (WLTD) of

workers on the construction site obtained by using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology

These parameters become the characteristics of the workspace of activities when simulated

in a BIM environment Use the BIM model to identify and analyze workspace conflicts Mirzaei et al.,2018 [3] Identify and quantify the impact of time-space conflicts on the 4D BIM platform

Table 2 Workspace Computation and Simulation

Mohamad, 2014[5]

Moon et al.,

2014 [6]

Zhang et al., 2015 [4]

Thắng, 2017 [7] Mirzaei et al.,

2018 [3]

Workspace

computation

User input User input Workforce

location tracking data

Past researches Workforce

location tracking data

Workspace

simulation

Bounding box Bounding

box

Parametric workspace representation

Parametric workspace representation

Bounding box

Workspace

visualization

Table 3 Classification of Space

Wu & Chiu, 2010 [8] Design conflict, Safety hazard, Damage conflict, Congestion

Kassem & Mohamad, 2014 [5] Temporary conflict/Schedule conflict, Spatial conflict/ Workspace conflict

Zhang et al., 2015 [4] Design clash, Safety hazard, Congestion, No impact

Thang, 2017 [7] Design conflict, Safety hazard, No impact

Workspace = Space object (Building component / Worker /

Machinery) + Space operation + Space safety (1)

On the construction site, many activities can be performed at the

same time to accelerate the schedule If different activities share

the same workspace, a workspace conflict will occur There have

been many studies carried out and identified many types of

workspace conflicts In this study, the author focused on four types

of conflict:

- Design conflict: construction projects become more and more

complex, which requires many participants to join from the design

phase These design participants will independently design their

separable parts of the project and conduct a 3D design coordination

on the BIM model, the testing process can detect design conflicts Design conflict is a conflict among building components

- Safety hazard: conflicts lead to the risk of occupational safety loss

- Congestion: conflicts occur when multiple teams of workers or machinery share the same space at the same time For example, many machines are in-and-out the construction site at the same time can lead to space congestion

- Damage conflict: conflicts occur when the workspace of the

machinery collides with the space of a component that was

completed

This conflict results in damage to machinery as well as leads to

occupational accidents

Workspace conflict can lead to delays in work performance

reducing labor productivity and causing accidents that affect

workers' health Therefore, workspaces and possible workspaces

conflicts must be determined in order to take action to limit and

eliminate these conflicts as soon as possible from the planning

phase

This study aimed to support safety engineers to make effective

safety plans so the authors only focus on researching conflicts

leading to the risk of safety hazards and conflicts leading to

damage

4 METHODOLOGY

4.1 Integrate Schedule Information into the

BIM Model

The 3D BIM model was built from the design phase without

schedule information These data were set up on MS Project

software which would be integrated into each model object by

Dynamo and Synchro Pro

Dynamo created variables containing construction schedule

information (WBS) for objects in the 3D BIM model Objects in

the 3D BIM model did not contain schedule information fields but

Autodesk Revit allowed users to assign additional data variables to

the object via Shared Parameter After the objects in the 3D BIM

model were assigned schedule variables, schedule data from the

MS Project file would be linked to these variables 3D BIM model

of the project has hundreds of construction objects, it is impossible

to manually assign schedule data to these objects An automatic

solution selected in this case was to use Dynamo BIM to

automatically assign data to objects After that, the 3D BIM model

was exported from Autodesk Revit to Synchro Pro and schedule

data was also exported from MS Project to Synchro Pro Finally,

the Auto matching feature in Synchro Pro was used to assign 3D

objects to the construction activities and to create a 4D BIM model

Figure 1 illustrates the process to link schedule data to the BIM

model

4.2 Create Workspace for Objects in the BIM

Model

The workspace would be simulated as a bounding box covering

outside the object The dimensions of the bounding box would be

calculated by the safety engineers The workspace in the BIM

model is considered as temporary objects, which appear when the

activity starts and disappear when the activity finishes, which

means the workspace objects are also shown commensurately with

the schedule of the corresponding construction objects Workspace

objects were also assigned schedule information using Dynamo

and Synchro Pro similar to construction objects

Construction schedule

in MS Project file

Export MS Project file

to MS Excel file Export MS Project file

to XML format

Link schedule from

MS Excel to Dynamo

Assign schedule from Dynamo to objects in Revit

Export Revit file to Synchro Pro

Import XML file to Synchro Pro

Assign 3D objects to the activities by Auto matching feature

4D BIM model

in Synchro Pro

Figure 1 The process to link schedule data to BIM model

4.3 Identify and Resolve Workspace Conflicts

After a 4D BIM model containing construction objects and workspace for each object was built, the engineers would run a 4D simulation to automatically check the workspace conflict

In case workspace conflicts are detected, safety planners can resolve workspace conflicts in the following suggested ways:

- Option 1: Change the workspace by changing the size of the workspace

- Option 2: Adjust the construction schedule by changing the start time, the end time or the duration of the activity When resolving the workspace conflict by changing the construction schedule, priority will be given to critical activities, only to adjust the schedule of non-critical activities as it will not affect the completion time of the project

- Option 3: Combine the two ways, change workspaces while adjusting the construction schedule of activities to resolve workspace conflicts

- Option 4: Make the safety plan to inform the workers about the location and time that the conflict may occur, equip safety measures to minimize the consequences when conflict happening The process of applying BIM to manage construction workspace is shown in Fig 2

Start

Schedule Schedule

Integrate schedule into BIM model

Create the 4D BIM model

Automatically identify WBS codes

Create workspace

Resolve workspace conflicts

End

Identify workspace conflicts

Revit Revit Synchro Pro

Revit Yes

No Synchro Pro

Figure 2 The process of applying Building Information Modeling (BIM) to manage construction workspace

5 CASE STUDY

The results of the study were applied to the basement construction

activities by bottom up method including Larsen sheet pile erection,

Kingpost system erection, excavation, shoring system erection

The first step was to assign schedule information to construction

objects in the 3D BIM model, to simulate workspace objects in the

3D BIM model and to assign the corresponding schedule to these

objects Figures 3 and 4 illustrate this process Then, the 3D BIM

model from Autodesk Revit and schedule data from MS Project

were exported to Synchro Pro to run a 4D simulation and check

workspace conflicts The 4D BIM model is shown in Fig 5

Figure 3 Scripts to integrate schedule to objects in BIM

Figure 4 User interface to assign schedule to objects

Figure 5 The 4D BIM model in Synchro Pro

Figure 6 Scripts to create workspace for Shoring system

erection activity

Figure 7 User interface to declare the workspace for shoring

system erection activity

Figure 8 The workspace of Shoring system erection activity