Free migration of the hmong group in vietnam the case study of dak lak province from 2006 2010

3.1.3.andmigrationofHmong groupinVietNam MosttheHmongpeopleliveinmostthe Northmountainousprovincesinthelargearea,neartheVietnam—... TheHmongmigratantsintheCentralHighlandscamefrom36distr

AbstractFreemigrationo f TheEthnicMinorityg r o u p s isthecommonphenom

OurgraduatedthesisofMasterprogramo fpublicsector managementthath a v e concentrated:Situation,impactsandr e a s o n s off r e e migrationoftheHmonginDakLakprovincefrom2006—2010

Weh av e u sedm e t h o d s : 1 ) Overviewm e t h o d ; 2 ) C o l l e c t i o n o f data; 3)Suveyandinteview;4)Analyzedata;5 ) Expert.WeusuallusedessentialtoolsforstudysuchasSWOT,PROBLEMTREE, MINDMAP,SMART , diagramfi.eldforce

WehopethisthesisisausefuldocumentforstudiesandanlmportantbasefortheGovernmentt o

m a n a g e freemigrationoftheHmongpeopleinDakLakandcountryi n nexttime

Resulto f thesisi n d i c a t e : T h e governments h o u l d s t u d y therelatition betweenr e s o u r c e s a n d sizeofpopultioni n 2provinces: OneinNorthmoutainousprovincewherehavellotoftheHmongpeopletolive,oneinCentralHighlands,havetoconsiderthefeaturesofH m o n g group.Soitwillbecomeanimportantbaseforprediction,g u i d e l i n e offreemigrationo f Hmongan d othergroupsinfuture

2010yearTheimpactsofthefreemigrationoftheHmong 30

4.4 grouptotheOakLakprovin«.eThereasonsofthefreemigrationoftheHmong 36

grouptotheDakLakprovinceChapter5 Thesolutionswhichw i l l solvethefree 45

migrationoft h e HmonggroupinthetheDak LakandVietnamfrom2012—2020

Chater6 Theconclusionsand theRecommendedn e x t 46

spontaneousmigrationPrimeMinister

CentralG o v e r n m e n t Solution

GeneralStatisticsOfficePublishingH o u s eReport

DivisonIIAgriculture,R u r a l developmeDecision

GuidelineSetlement- NewEconomicZ

Surveyofstudygroup:OriginalprovinceSurveyoftheGeneralstatisticsoffice:thedifficultieswhichfreemigrantshadfacedSurveyforducationoftheHmonghouseholdsinDakLakReasonsoff r e e migrtionoftheHmonginDakLakAreaofkind

o fl a n d s in2districtswherehavealotoftheHmongfreemigrants

ListofAppendixes

UselandinDakLakprovince (2010)DistrubutionoftheHmongpopulationi n t o province (2009)

LocalshavealotoftheHmongfreemigrantstoDakLak

TheAdministrativeofDakLakprovinceQuesionnaireResultofsurvey

Thepictures ofl i v i n g oftheHmongfreemigrants

Chapter1IntroductionVietN am h a v e 5 4 groupstol i v e togetheri nlongtime,i n c l u d i n g 5 3 theEthnicM i n o r i t y groups( EMG).T h e EthnicMinoritiespeolewhousuallyliveinthemainlyhighmoutainousareas.Mostofthemcultivateinmoutainousarableforl i v i n g , s o th at n a t u r a l

r e s o u r c e s , i n p articu lar arablea n d f o r e s t a

r e v e ry importantforthem.Thedifficultyofcultivativeconditionsisthe

maincauseofthepovertyoftheEMGcommunities.Tomigrateforfindingadvantageousareasforlivingth at iscommonphenomenonintheEMGinVietNaminhistory

Inthepast,b e c a u s e o f t h e warco n d it io n s, d i f f i c u l t t r a n s p o r t a n d communications,s o

m ig r a t i o n hadbeencarriedoutinshortdistance.AftertheUnitedcountryday,therearemoreadvantageousconditions,themigrationoftheEMGh a s beenc a r r i e d n

o tonlyinnearareas buta l s o inverylongdistances,interprovinciala r e a s

Therearetwotypesofmigration:l)OrganisedmigrationwhichdependontheG o v e r n m e n t p l a n s T o c a r r

y o u t i t , t h e b o t h o r i g i n a n d d e s t i n a t i o n

h a d preparedsomigrantslivesandtheirmanufactureweresoadvantageous,limitionoftheimpactonlocals.Nowadays,e v e r yyeartheGovernmenth av e stillbeenmigratingf e wpeople;2)Freemigration

(spontaneousmigration)thatISlSthetypeofmigrations o

migrantsn o t d e p e n d

o n thegovernment.I nlasttime,manytheEthnicMinoritypeople,includingalotoftheHmongpeoplefromtheNouhm o u t a i n

o u s p r o v i n c e s , T h a

n h Ho ap rovin ce a n dNgheA n p rov in ce migrateds p o n t a n e o u s l

y t o theCentral Highlandsf o r purposet o s

e t t l e inlongtune.Inlatesttime,likemanyprovincesintheCentralHighlands,thenumberofSeemigrantsm o v e d

i n t o DakL a k in2006-

2010periodt h a t r e d

u c e d r’ernarkb1ly.However,mostspontaneousmigrantsaretheHmongpeople.In9

8

mcnthsofe a r l y 2 0 1 l year,thereare3 1 h o u s e h o l d s ,

100H m o n g peopletomigratefreelytoDakLakprovince.Freemigrationi s aphenomenonw h i c h s h o u l d havedetailstudies Inlasttrue,therearemanystudiestoresearchgenerallyforstreamsofmigration,butstilllackoffreemigrationoftheEthnicMinorities,lackofdeepandsysternaticalstudiesformanygroupsandeachgroup

workings o l o n g i n t h e E t h n i c M i n o r i t y f i e l d , t h r ee n u m b e r s o f t

h e o u r greuphaveknowledgeablyg o o d fieldof

theEthnicMinorities,andweusuallywantgetg o o d chances

tocontributec l e a r l y forthisfield.Sowechoosethesis”ThefreemigrationoftheHmonggroupinVietNam:ThecasestudyinDak Lakprovincefrom2006—2010”forfinishofprogram.Weu s e d methods:Generalstudy,collective

data,anlyticdata,andexperts;anJusedt h e S W O T , PROBLEMT R E E , M I N D M

A P , S M A R T , f o r c e f i e l d di•gramtoolstosolvethese

points:theimpactsandcausesoffreemigrationinDakLak.Werealisethatgovernmentsmigrationandfreemigrationpoliciesaredé›1gnedIOcreateoptimalgeographicalbalanceindistributionofpopulationandresources.D i r e c t l y p o l i c y i n t e r v e n t i o n s h a v e i

1.2.Thequestions andaimsstudy

Thestudyasksthefollowingq u e s t i o n s

1) Describe

thesituationofthefreemigrationoftheHmonginDakLakpirovince( 2 0 0 6 2010)

-2) FactorshaveinfluencedtotheHmongfreemigratantslives?

2) “The2004Vietnam migration survey:M a j o r F i n d i n g s ” ,

GenaralStatisticsOffice—UnitedNationsPopulationFund,StatisticalPublishingHouse

3) “MigrationinVietnam:Theoretical Approaches an d Evidencef r o

m aSurvey”—

EditedbyDangNguyenAnh.PrintcdbyTransportCommunicationPublicHouse,Agust,2001

4) “MigrationinVietNam,a

reviewofinformationoncurenttrends,andpatterns,andt h e i r p o l i c y implications”,DangN g u y e n Anh,CelitiaT a c o l i , HoatigYuanThanh-

waspresenteda t RegionalC o n f e r e n c e onMigration,DevelopmnetandPro—poorChoicesinAsia,Dakar,2003

5) InternalMigration:OpportunitiesandChallengesforSocio—

EconomicdevelopmentinVietNam,UnitedNations—VietNam,HaNoi,Ruly2010

6) SustainableLivehoodandMigrationinVietNam:TheImportanceofSocialCapitalasAcesstoResources,AlexandraWinkel&W.NeilAdger,UniversityofEastAsia,Schoolo f E n v i r o m a n t a l sci en ce s, Norwich,UK.

Inwhich,w e choose“ TheoriesmgrationandS o c i a l change”w h i c h ismaintheorytostudyfor“FreemigrationoftheHmonginDakLak(2006-2010)”

b Tocollectprimarydata andinformationmethod

Thes u r v e y w a s c o n d u c t e d i n d i s t r i c t s ofDakL a k p r o v i n c e ( 6 0 householdsand3thechairmeno f3villageswherehavealotofHmongfree migrantstosettle).(belongtoquestionnaireswhichhaddesignedbygroup)

b Analysecauses—

results:Baseo n d a t a a n d i n f o r m a t i o n , wed r a w c:onclusionsf o r impactlev els, tofindmainc au se s ofthefreemigrationo f theHmongpeople

emigrationo f theE t h n i c M i n o r i t y peop le; “ Theorieso f Migrationa n d s

o c i a l change“ofHeind e Haas,theInternationalM i g r a t i o n I n s t i t u t e , JamesMartin21'Century,OxfordUniversity,hcin.dehaa@gets.ox.ac.uk.(7'2008)

2.1.ThefreemigrationoftheEthnicMinority Group

“Tomovefromoneareatootherorotherstatetolive”'

'TheV i e t n a m e s e Dictionary,page3 4 1 , HoangPhe(editor),T h e DanangPublishing, 2 0 0 7

2.1.2T h e freemigrationo f theEthnicM i n o r i t y G r o u p s :

Freemigration(o r s p o n t a n e o u s migration)i s a p r o c e s s whichp e o p l

e replacef r o m e ac h areatoother forsettlement.Itnotbelongt o thegovernmentsplans.Thegovernmentnotintervenet o thisprocess

Chainmigrationis“ M o v e m e n t inw h i c h prospectivemigrantslearnofc

›pportunities,a r e providedw h i c h t r a n s p o r t i o n , a n d havei n i t i a l a c c o m m o

2D e ‹ - r e e N.•05AgrRD/ST—NEZ,06/23/1996,theMinistryforAgriculture andRuraldevelopment.

specificsocialcapitalthatpeopledrawupontogainaccesstoresources

Empericalworkhaslagerlyconfirmedthehypothesisthatmigrantnetworkfacilitatemigration(Palloni:2001)

Masseystressestheimportanceofmigrantnetworkindecreasingthedirectcostofmigration,in formation andsearchcost,opportunities,a n d psychiccostsofmigration

Thevolumeofsocialcapitalpossessedbyapersondependonl)sizeofthenetwor

kc o n n e c t i o n s and2)volumeo f the(economic,cu ltu ral, o rsyinbolical).CapitalposSGsbyeachofthosetowhomhe/sheisconnected

So,besidesfinacialandhumancaital,socialcapitalisathirdcrucialfactordeterminingpeoplesmotivationandabilitytomigrate

As,thecostsandrisksofmigrationare towedbysocialandinformationalnetworks,oneestablishedmigrationstreams

tendtogainownmomention.Alreadys e t t l e d m i g r a n t s f u n t i o n s a s “bridgeheads”( Boiker:1 9 9 4 ) , reducingrisksaswellmaterialan d psychologicalc o

s t s ofsubsquentmigration T h ro u g h thGassistanceoffriendsandrelatives,newmigrantsmaymoreeasilybeabletoabtaini n f o r m a t i o n a n d r e c e i v e a c t i v

e a s s i s t a n c e i n f i n d i n g e m p o y m e n t a n d a placetolive

b.Beyondnetworkeffects

Migrantn e t w o r k o f t e n f a c i l e t a t e o n w a r d m i g r a t i o n t h r o u g h t h eprovisioninformationa n d h e lp m i g r a t i o n I n d i r e c t m e c h a n i s m s t h a t

o p e r a t e a t t h e contextuall e v e l e x p l a i n i n g w h y m i g r a t i o n b e c o m e a self —

r e i n f o r c i n g p r o c e s s Socialnetworkscanbeconceivedastheintermidiates t

r u c t u r e createdbymigrationprocessit se l f lookingindividualm i g r a n t s , h

o u s e h o l d s a n d thewider

social.Migrationi s aprocess,i n which,l ) intergnalb r o a r d e r s o c i o —economictransformationprocess,b u t 2 ) h a s i t s i n t e r n a l , s e l f —

underminingdynamics,3) affectsp r o c e s s ofc h a n g e i n p a r t i c u l a r atl o c a l a n d r e g i o n s l e v e l (

H e i n d eHaas:7 / 2 0 0 8 , 8)

es o thatpeopled o notl i k e andtoproposet h e gov ern men t t o call “ T h e Hmong”( T h e Hmongz),awordwasnamedthemselves.ButtheHmongwordisspeltbyTheHmongl a n g u a g e thati s onethe“nosesound:TheHmongz”.Whi l e theauxilarysoundsystemhavenotgotanyl e t t e r torecordexactlythissound.Someresearchershaveborrowedtheauxilary“Hm”forrecording“TheHmong”word.TheHmongb ecam e o f

f i c i a l n am e ofthegroupwhentheCentralg o v e r n m e n t issuedofficially“ThelistofgroupsnamesinVietNarn”

Thegroupsi n theHaG i a n g province,ThePeopleC o m m i t t e e ofHaG i a n g province,D a t LeDuy—T h a n h

TrieuDue( maine d i t o r s ) , T h e W o r l d Publishing—TheCultureoftheEthnicM i n o r i t y g r o u p s C e n t e r , 2004.

\iethambymanycampaigns,bymanydifferentways,l t 1sadifficultprogresst ofndtheindependenceandthejustice.

(theThanhdynastrydestroyedtheb a l regimeoftheHmonggroupandproratedtheHanofficialdomstoadministratedirectly)

Dongvani s f i r s t areawheret h e Hmongp e o p l e migratedfirstlyintoVietNam

—1820

• Thethirdcampaign

Itwas

over200yearsago,anditwaslasttimethatt h e HmongfromChinamigaratedintoV i e tNamwiththeb i g e s t quantity.Thist i m e , t h e H m o n g porovoked“Thaibinh

theThanhdynastrybutitwasfailed,too( 1840—1868)

Alittlenumberoft h e HmongpeoplesometimehadcontineuouslycameVietnam

3.1.3.andmigrationofHmong groupinVietNam

MosttheHmongpeopleliveinmostthe

Northmountainousprovincesinthelargearea,neartheVietnam—

LaosborderfTointheL a n g s o n provincetotheN g h e Anprovincewheretheyh a v

e b e e n mainlyc o n c e n t r a t e d int h e W e s t — Noth,E a s t —

Notha r e a s l i k e H a g i a n g , Laichau,Sonlaprovinces Theareaswhereconcentrativelyhighestnumberof

theHmongar eDongVan,MeoVac,Quan Ba(HaGiangprovince),B a c Ha,S aPa,M u o n g K h u o n g ( L a o c a i p r o v i n c e ) ;

AcordingtoTheGeneralCensusoftheStateforPopulationandHousesin2009,T h e populationoft h e HmonginVietnamis1,068,189people.Itisthe8"intheListoft h

e groupsinVietNam,andtheylivein62/63provincesandcitiesofVietNarn

TwoareaswherehavethebiggestnumberoftheHmongmigrantscame,after1 9 7 5 yeart o now,a i e ThanhH o a , NgheA n p rovin ces a n d theC e n t r

Froml99l—

2 0 0 5 year,i n ThanhH o a an d NgheA n provinceh a v e had3.895families,26,852peopletomigrate(ThanhHoa:2,464families;1 8 , 6 5 4 people;NgheAn:1,431families;8,198people)withdifferentlymigratedstream,becauseofintheseareasnotonly

thedestinationoft h e HmongfromtheNouthmoutainousp r o v i n c e s a n d theHmongpeoplef r o m theLaoscountry andtheCentralHighlandscameback,butalsooriginalareaforfreemigrantsrelocatedtoLaosandtheCentralHighlands

Themainlyc on ce nt ra tl vedestinationsa r e thedistricts:KySon,ConCuong,T u o n g Duong,A n h Son,T a n K y ( N g h e A n ) ; M u o n g Lat,Q u a n Son(ThanhHoa)

Inthel 9 8 0 s —l990speriod,a smallquanlityoftheHmongm i gr a t e d a n dlivedscattered manywhereinG i a Lai,KonTurn,TheDak Lakand LamDong

provinces4

From1 9 9 2 to2 0 0 2 , t h e b i g g e s t q u a n l i t y o f theH m o n g f r e e m

i g r a n t s migratedintotheCentralHighlands,particularlyfrom1994—1998year,ineachyearh a v e 6 1 9 h o u s e h o 1 d s /

r a n k isthetenthinorder,aftergroups: Kinhgroup(3,387,439),Jarai(379,589),Ede(305.045),

BaNa(185,657),K’ho(129,759),Nung(114,962),SeDang(103,589),Tay

(98,348),Mnong(89,980)5

TheHmongpeopleliveinr e l a t i v e l y concentrativei n 97villages,clustersbelongt o 4 0commun es, 2 5 d istrict s,to w n s; m o s t t h e Hmongp e o p l e l i v e inremotedeepborderareasort h e o v e r h e a d valleys,thep r o t e c t i v e forests,preserverf o r e s t s that a r e importantt o e c o n o m y , s e c u r i t y , d e f e n c e T

o l i v e intheseareastheyhavebeenforcinginthenaturalresourceanddisputedland

4T o solvethefreem i g r a t i o n oftheHmonginmountainousareaoftheThanhHeaandtheNgheAnprovinces, ( I9/6/2009),DanTuanNam,GiaLaiNewspaper

’“Strattono f theHmongi n theCentralHighlands”.Reportn u m b e r 1 7 / RP—

DVSII,7 / 0 5 / 2 0 1 1 , DivisionI I ( TheDivisiono f Central areaandtheCentralH i g h l a n d s )

-C o m m i t e e fort h e EthnicMinorities.

TheHmongmigratantsintheCentralHighlandscamefrom36districts,1 3Northmountainousprovinces.6 Appendix)

3.1.4 Theeconomicsactivities,culture,society

a Theeconomicsactivities

InNorthmountainousprovinces,ThanhHoaandNgheAn(VietNam),almostt h e H m o n g p eo pl e l i v e i n h i g h m o u n t a i n s , sot h a t t h e y h a v e m

Withm a i n jobi s cultivated i n burnt—

o v e r land, usuallyf a r m i n ro ck mountainssotheirtoolsforcultivationthathavespecificfeatures

Livestocksisratherdevelopmentint h e Hmongarea.Theytakecarealotofbull,horses,goats.Although,stilllittelivestocksweretakentomarkets

TheH m o n g havet r a d i t i o n a l handicraftj o b s likeb a m b o o knit,madedomesticgoodb y h o r s e skinm a t e r i a l , f u r n i t u r e ,

m a d e t r a d i t i o n a l paper,t o hammer,cast cultivativetools,weapon,cer

am ic Unlessinsomeareas,almostthesejobscarryoutbetweentwocrops.Theyareessentialand inhigh techniqueskill.TheHmonghammersareg o o d toolstofarm,andhaveespeciallycasttoolsbyi r o n m a t e r i a l a s k n iv e s, t o

d r i l l g u n barrel;e s p e c i a l l y , k n i f e h a n d l e technique

TheHmongc l o t h h a v e m a i n l y r e d c o l o u r , d e c o r a t i o n i s combina

green,i n d i g o ,e sp ec ia l ly thebeautyoft h e Hmongwomenispraisedbyfashion.The

“Strattonof theHmongi n theCentralHighlands”.Reportn u m b e r 1 7 / R P —

DVSII,7 / 0 5 / 2 0 1 1 , DivisionII(TheDivisionofCentralareaandtheCentralH i g h l a n d s ) -

C o m m i t e e fort h e EthnicMinorities.

b Culture

FheHmongpeoplelivemainlyinhighlymountainousareas(from800—

1500inheightc o m p a ri n g totheseawaterlevel).Thesurfaceoftheseareasthatinfluencedeeplyonthehousestructureoft h e m Toliveinhighlymountainouss i d e s , toaffectbycoolclimate sotypeofsoilhouse’s wall,rnofwasmadebytileorcottagethatitisbestsolution,soitiswarminwinter,cooll n s u m m e r a n d

h e l p p e o p l e a g a i n s t s m u g g l e r s , w i l d a n i m a l s A l l h o u s e shavesto newallswhichsurrounding

Relative culture

TheHmongg r o u p haveahistoricall o n g st ru g g l e f o r ex istence o f t

h e i r group.Inthisprocess,theHmongpeoplenoto n ly struggledag ain st theeKploitiveforcesbutalsousuallyadaptedwithchangeofenvironmentsandlivingconditions:fromlowland,middlelandtoveryhighmountains;fromfarmpaddyricetofarmplantsonburnt—

overland,torelyonnaturalconditions.Ingeneral,thelivesoftheHmongareisolativewithothergroups.Thishicstoricals t u a t i o n havemadetheHmongpeopletobelieveinreal,detailthings

Although,tolivebyhardcultivation,notstableconditionsbutt h e Hmongpeoplewhomlivebelongtovillages,itiscalled

“jaol”.Each“joal”haveitssizeandd e t a i l a r e a E a c h jaolc o n t r i b u t e m a n y a

n c e s t o r s , s o m e t i m e h a v e o n l y a ancestor.“ L o w speakt h a n r e a l w o r k ,

n o t d o s o n o t s p e a k ” T h e m i n d forcommunityoftheHmongisreflectedbyphrases“OurHmongpeople”,or“weareone

• Theancestorandfamiliesrelations

Allr e s p e c t s o f them a t e r i a l culturea n d s p i r i t c u l t u r e a c t i v i t i e s t

h a t toappearandprotecttherelativefamily,ancestor,especiallytherelativeancestor.Allmembersofancestorhaveactivetohelpotherwithalltheirability

Thenearlyr e l a t i v e a n c e s t o r s a r e speciallyi m p o r t a n t I n mindo f

H m o n g peoplet h a t i s a b l o o d r e l a t i v e , s o t h e y m a y b e d i e i n o t h e r h o u s

e T h e person whomhadfirstlybornbecomehigherbrother

therelativefamilies.Familiesisacradletoestablishanddevelopthetraditionalculture,sothatwhoeverwanttostudytheHmongcultureshouldstudyTheHmongfamilies

Theycalltheirfamilyis“Lordshrink”(“ChuaThanh”),including2types:onegenerationfamily;twogenerationfamily.T h e Hmongfamilydependonthewilloff a t

h e r

Theh i s t o r y o f H m o n g g r o u p s t h a t i s a l o n g s t r u g g l e d p r o c e e s T h e y againstedexploitiveforces,andadaptedtoal o t ofd i s a d v a n t a g e o

u s conditions,froml o w l a n d toh i g h moutainousareas.T h e e s p e c i a l l y socialconditionsmadeHmongpeopleonlybelievedinrealthings

na n d K h a n h H o a provinces( East); O a k Nongp r o v i n c e a n d theC a m p u c h

i aKingdom( W e s t )

HaveborderwithCampuchia:70km

-Relief:

Websiteoft h e CommiteeofPeopleoft h e DakLakprovince, StatisticsAlmanacof D a k Lak,2010year.

Almosta r e a ofTheDakL a k i s intheWesterno f theTruongS o n range,l

North.R e l i e f ismultiform,mountainsandhillarealtinativehighlandandvalleys,ingeneralmaydivideintotypesofrelief,thereare2mostimportanttypesofrelief:

TheBuonMaThuotHighlands:

ItisbighighlandsacrossfromNorthernto Southern(over90kmlong);fromEasterntoWest:70km.TheNorthernis highnear800m,theSouthernishighabout400in,isgradualtotheSouthernwhereisstill300m

Itisflatrelief.Almostofthishighlandisredfertilebazansoilandalmost

of areawasexploited

TheMD ra k (KhanhDuong)highland:

ItisintheEasternofprovince,contiguitywithKhanhHoaprovince,theeveragehighis400—

500m.Thereliefofhighlandsisrough,havehighrangesintheEasternandtheSouthern.Thecentralareahavevalleyrelief.AlmostofareaistheGranitsoilanditiscoverby

Southwin,inwinterthereislackofrainy.T h e Easterna n d Eastern—

N o r t h e r n i s themiddlec l i m a t e , i t isinfluenceoftheWestTruongSonandEastTruongSonrange.

-Hydrography

4.1.2 Thenaturalresources

a Thelandresource

Landi s a b ig i m p o r t a n t r e s o u r c e t h a t t h e n a t u r e g i v e f o r D

a k L a k province.Soilresourceisabasetomakethisprovincebecomeoneoftherichest,best fertileareaintheCentralVietNam

ThetotalareaoftheDakLakprovincei s 1 3 , 085km2M o s tareaistheredbazansoilandsomegroupselse,like:thealluvialsoil,thegleyblacksoil,theblacksoil

Soilhavebeenestablishedfromthebazanrockthatithavefertilelevelsohigh(rangeofpH/

H2bisfrommiddletoa l u m i n o u s level).Thehighidenticalofthenaturalfertilityandtherealfertilityofthesoilgroupsandthetypesofsoilthati s distributed a b o u t 9 0 km( l

o n g ) ,fromE ast —

S o u t h toWest N o t h a n d about70km(wide).IntheNortherno f theHighlands(EaHLeo)ishighnear800in,theSouthernisabout400in,theWesternisstillhigh3 0 0m.Thesurfaceoft h e highlandsisveryflat,onlysomewherearemountains

-Theredsoilsgroup(ferrasol,includingmianredbazansoil)

Itisthesecondlybiggestg ro u p (afterthegreysoil),makeup55.6%theredareao f t h e C e n t r a l H i h g l a n d s Ther e d b a z a n havet h e g o o d q u a l i t

y o f physics,alonelytabletstructure,averageofsolflevelis62—

65%,togainwaterandabsorbfertilityhighly

toappropriatewithindustrialplantsthathavehighlyeconomicalv a l u e as cafe,rubb er,t e a , pepper andf r u i t s , a n n u a l l y i n d u s t r i a l plants

Thessadvantages a re veryimportantf o r developinga g r i c u l t u r e ofDak

Lakprovince

b Thewaterr e s o u r c e

Withf e a t u r e s ofclimate,hydrology, a n d 3riversystems thatis relativelyequabledistribution( Serepoksystem,Basystem,DongNatsy stem ); hundredlakesand833stream( o v e r 10kmlong).S o D a k Lakmayuseeasilythesurfacewater

Rai,SeDang :18.50

ThegroupscomponentinDakLakprovincechangeveryfast.In

total44groupsinDakLak:Kinhgroupmakeup70.650; EDemakeup13.690o;Nungmakeup3.90o;TheHmongmakeup:3.510; Taymakeup3.030; Thai makeup

1.040o;Daomakeup0.8608

8D a t a oftheDivisionLocalN-2(DivisonoftheCentralareaandtheCentralHighlands)— theCommitees fort h e EthnicMinority

4.1.4 Agriculturalandforestmanufacture—industrialplants

Theproportion ofyields in2 0 1 0 : Agricultural, silvicultural, aquaticmunufacturemakeu p 4 9 7 6 % ; Industrya n d c o n s t r u c t i o n m a k e u p

l7.58%;serviceandtrademakeup:32.660

Theagricultural-silviculturalmanufactureisthebestimportantoftheThe

DakLakprovince

Arableareain2010:571,630ha

DakLakisaprovincebelongtotheCentralHighlands,itsareaandclimatearet o o advantageoustodevelopem a n y t y p e s oft h e industrialplans

4.1.5 SWOTa n a l y s i s f o r D a k Lakprovince

e c o n o m i c developmentintheCentralHighlands.

2 DakLakseconomyisthehigherthanotherprovinces,soiti m p o r t a n t basefordevelopmenofeconomyi n nexttime

3 Itstragedy,socio—

economicdevelopmentplanthatarerelativemodernlogicalappropriatedconditionso f D a k L a k andt h e

5 BuonMaThuotcityisdevelopingfast,so

i t becomem o t i v a t i v e areafordevelopingeconomyofD a k Lakprovince

6 Labourm a r k e t ofD a k L a k u s u a

l l y needaloto f people,i n p a rt i c u l a rinhighvaluablef i e l d s suchascoffee,rubberproduction

2 Naturalresourceshavebeenusedthati

s stilli l l o g i c a l

3 Sometime,thegovernmenth a v epassivemanagement,i n whichhavepopulationmanagement

4 Manufactures t i l l usea lotofnaturallycruderesourses