INTRODUCTION
Introduction
This chapter, the researcher focuses on introducing an overview of the research topic, presenting research context based on theory and practical basis, research issues.
At the same time, present the research objectives and questions, the significance,scope and limitations of the study.
Background of the study
Effective accounting organization is crucial for enhancing management efficiency within enterprises It ensures compliance with state economic and financial regulations while providing accurate and timely information on financial resources This information aids managers in making informed decisions that optimize asset utilization and improve economic performance Moreover, accounting organization encompasses not only the management aspect but also the establishment of essential factors and relationships that influence accounting activities, ensuring that tools are used in a scientific, rational, and effective manner.
Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Co., Ltd, established in 2017 and registered under license number 4601328667 by the Thai Nguyen Province Department of Planning and Investment, specializes in training, accounting, auditing, and consulting services for company establishment, as well as financial declaration, settlement, and reporting As a service-oriented enterprise, the company recognizes that effective financial management is crucial for its success and long-term growth.
Statement of the Problem
Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Co., Ltd., despite being a young enterprise in accounting training, faces challenges in establishing a professional accounting process that meets actual requirements Currently, the accounting information provided is primarily for reporting purposes and lacks effectiveness in analyzing the financial situation To enhance both the scale and quality of training while effectively utilizing resources, it is essential to organize the accounting work scientifically and align it with the company's operational practices Therefore, improving the accounting processes at Mai Ngoc Consulting is crucial for enhancing financial management quality and better supporting the training mission.
In my graduate thesis, I focus on "Improving the Accounting Organization at Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Co., Ltd." This research aims to address both theoretical and practical challenges related to the accounting practices within the company, stemming from my experiences in their organizational activities.
Research objectives and questions
The aim of this research is to clarify theoretical aspects of accounting organization within enterprises, focusing specifically on the practices at Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Co., Ltd The study seeks to propose solutions for enhancing the organization of accounting work at the company.
To accomplish this purpose, the research tasks set out are:
Systematize and clarify the general theoretical basis of the accounting work in the enterprise in general.
Analyze the current status of the accounting work at Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Co., Ltd., clearly stating the results achieved, the limitations and the main reasons.
Give directions and propose solutions to improve the organization of the accounting work at Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Co., Ltd.
In order to accomplish the proposed research objectives, the thesis needs to answer the following two research questions:
(1) What is the real situation of accounting work at Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Co., Ltd?
Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Co., Ltd faces several limitations in its accounting organization, including inefficient processes, lack of standardized procedures, and inadequate training for staff To enhance the effectiveness of its accounting practices, the company should implement streamlined workflows, establish clear accounting protocols, and invest in comprehensive training programs for employees These solutions will not only improve accuracy and efficiency but also foster a more robust financial management system within the organization.
The Significance of the study
The subject has played a key role in organizing and systematizing the theoretical aspects of accounting practices within businesses, with a specific focus on Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Co., Ltd.
This article analyzes the current accounting practices at Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Co., Ltd and proposes effective solutions to enhance their accounting operations The focus is on improving the efficiency and accuracy of accounting work within the organization.
The Scope of the study
The research scope of the subject is the content of the accounting work organization at Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Co., Ltd in recent years:
Organize the accounting voucher system.
Organize the accounting account system.
Organize the application of accounting book systems and forms of accounting.
Organize the preparation and analysis of accounting reports.
Organize to preserve and archive accounting documents.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Basic theoretical issues about accounting organization in enterprises
2.1.1 Overview of the accounting work organization
Accounting is a vital tool for the effective operation of any business or organization With the advancement of information technology, various approaches to accounting have emerged, leading to multiple definitions of the term Here are some key definitions of accounting.
The charter of the State Accounting Organization defines accounting as the systematic recording and numerical calculation of values, types, and working time Its primary focus is on reflecting and verifying the movement of assets, as well as the processes and outcomes of production and business activities This encompasses the management of capital and funds for both the State and individual enterprises.
An accepted accounting definition over time is the one presented in the
According to the American Association of Accountants, accounting involves the systematic process of recording and measuring economic data, which is essential for informing users' assessments and decision-making.
The American Accounting Principles Board (APB), in Notice 4, defined:
“Accounting is a service Its function is to provide quantitative information about economic organizations, mainly financial information that helps users to make economic decisions.”
The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) has defined:
“Accounting is a service Its function is to provide quantitative information about economic organizations, mainly financial information that helps users to make economic decisions.”
On the basis of the accounting concepts, we can define “Accounting organization” as follows:
An accounting work organization refers to a systematic approach that coordinates methods, techniques, and resources within the accounting framework Its primary functions include accurately and promptly reflecting, measuring, monitoring, and reporting data related to accounting objects, while maintaining a close relationship with other management areas.
2.1.2 The role of accountants and accounting organizations in the business
Accounting is a crucial component of economic and financial management, significantly influencing financial oversight within businesses and the broader national economy It serves as a foundational tool for monitoring and controlling economic activities, ensuring that enterprises operate efficiently and effectively.
Managers utilize accounting as a systematic science to collect, process, and analyze information related to assets and financial activities This regular and methodical approach ensures that vital data is available for informed decision-making in the management process.
Accountants play a crucial role in business management, as highlighted by the Vietnamese Accounting Law, which states that accounting serves as an essential tool for managing operations and overseeing economic activities This includes ensuring the effective protection and utilization of assets, materials, and capital, thereby empowering businesses to take proactive measures in production and financial initiatives.
For business administrators: Accounting serves economic managers Based on accounting information, managers make plans, projects and check the implementation of projects, plans in place.
State management agencies benefit indirectly from inspecting and synthesizing accounting data, enabling them to understand the business conditions, costs, and profits of various units This insight allows them to formulate effective taxation policies and other relevant regulations.
Effective organization of accounting work is crucial for enterprise management Tailoring accounting practices to align with the scale and unique characteristics of production and business operations enhances management efficiency This strategic approach enables businesses to make timely, optimal, and effective decisions, ultimately improving overall performance.
The quality of accounting information is crucial for making safe and effective business decisions Financial and management accounting provide essential information systems that support administrators To achieve an effective information system, the accounting organization must be structured in a rational and scientific manner.
Efficiently organizing accounting tasks in alignment with enterprise operations not only reduces costs but also guarantees the timely and comprehensive delivery of high-quality economic information tailored to various management needs.
2.1.3.1 Organize the original voucher and record systems
In a business, various departments such as Sales, Administration, and Human Resources engage in economic and financial activities according to established regulations They are responsible for collecting, recording, and synthesizing relevant data, which includes providing the accounting department with technical standards, cost estimates, and material lists Additionally, these departments prepare assigned statistical reports for the accounting department, ensuring the accuracy and truthfulness of the data All activities are documented, and these documents are subsequently transferred to the accountant for further processing.
Accounting vouchers are documents proving that the arising economic and financial operations are actually completed, all accounting data must be proved by legal accounting vouchers Invalid.
Valid accounting vouchers are essential documents that accurately and promptly capture all necessary elements and criteria in accordance with established regulations for each type of voucher To ensure comprehensive accounting information is received and provided within an organization, these vouchers must thoroughly represent all economic transactions occurring within the entity.
To effectively organize the accounting voucher system within an enterprise, it is essential to align it with the official documentation provided by the State, adhere to the management requirements of accounting objects, and accurately reflect the nature of economic transactions.
The contents of accounting vouchers must ensure the following main contents:
(1) Name and number of the accounting voucher.
(3) Name and address of the entity or individual making the accounting voucher.
(4) Name and address of the entity or individual receiving the accounting voucher.
(5) Contents of arising economic and financial operations.
The article details the essential components of an economic or financial operation recorded in accounting books, including the quantity, unit price, and total amount It emphasizes the importance of accurately reflecting the total amount of the accounting voucher for money collection and payment, ensuring that it is documented in both numerical figures and written words.
(7) Signature, surname and name of the preparer, approver and persons related to vouchers.
Related Studies
Effective organization of accounting work within a unit involves the proper implementation of recognized accounting policies, principles, and standards, as well as the application of suitable accounting methods This ensures accurate recording, processing, and reporting of information, which aids management in making informed decisions for the unit's efficient operation Numerous studies, both globally and in Vietnam, have explored the enhancement of accounting organization, highlighting its significance in effective management.
Research on accounting work organizations primarily focuses on the construction and guidelines for recording transactions and preparing end-of-term financial statements A notable example is the study "Accounting for Governmental and Nonprofit Entities" authored by Earl R Wilson, Leon E Hay, and Susan.
Lasse Oulasvirta from the University of Tampere, Finland, conducted a study examining why a developed country like Ohaanf Lan has resisted implementing international accounting standards within its accounting organizations His research highlights the varying application of these standards across European nations, particularly in the Nordic region The study emphasizes the challenge faced by accounting organizations in adapting international accounting standards flexibly and reasonably to fit the specific needs of each country.
In the research of author Nguyen Thu Ha (2018) with the research topic
The article discusses enhancing the accounting practices at Duong Vuong Electronic Services and Trading Co., Ltd It outlines fundamental theories related to accounting organization within enterprises, assesses the current state of accounting practices at the company, and proposes strategies and solutions to improve the overall accounting structure.
Pham Thi Nhung's research on "Improving the Accounting Organization at Toan Phat Group Joint Stock Company" evaluates the current accounting practices, highlighting both strengths and weaknesses Based on theoretical foundations, the author proposes several solutions aimed at addressing these shortcomings and enhancing the overall efficiency of the accounting processes at Toan Phat Group Joint Stock Company.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
Effective organization of accounting work is crucial for managerial management and administration To gather relevant insights, the author conducted a survey targeting administrators, including the company's board of directors, department heads, and all accounting staff The primary data collection method utilized was a survey questionnaire.
The survey questionnaire was built to collect the answers to the research question included:
- How to organize the accounting work in the company?
- How to organize accounting documents in the company?
- Is the account system open scientific?
- Is the accounting book organization done well?
- How is the reporting system of the departments?
Methods of data collection
To implement the contents and research objectives stated, the author uses a combination of research methods and procedures as follows:
Researching and synthesizing materials from textbooks, related studies published to help the author override the theory
Quantitative research method: The author observes the accounting apparatus operation process, the professional processes combined with the survey of managers and accountants to collect and analyze data.
In addition to the previously mentioned approach, the author employs statistical and synthesis methods to analyze and comprehend the current state of accounting operations at Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Co., Ltd.
Research data
The thesis utilizes secondary data gathered from the organization's charter, reports, and relevant documents pertaining to its accounting practices Additionally, the company compiles accounting records and reports, employing various methodologies, including general and comparative methods This approach aids in developing a theoretical framework that enhances the research focus of the study.
To gather primary data, the author compiled a list of directors, department heads, and finance-accounting personnel from the HR department Subsequently, a survey was conducted utilizing a questionnaire that included both closed and open-ended questions.
The author conducted direct interviews using survey questionnaires to gather information about the accounting practices at Mai Ngoc Company This analysis provided insights into the current state of accounting operations, leading to the development of solutions aimed at enhancing the organization of accounting work at Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Co., Ltd.
After gathering data from the survey questionnaires, the author analyzed and categorized the information based on the factors influencing the accounting working organization This involved manually inputting the data into Excel to analyze and synthesize the information, ultimately calculating the percentage of votes and compiling the statistical results.
REAL SITUATION ORGANIZATION OF ACCOUNTING AT MAI
General of Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Company Limited
4.1.1 Introduction about Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Company Limited
General information about the enterprise
Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Co., Ltd is a prominent accounting training company located in Thai Nguyen city, having commenced operations on March 13, 2017, under business registration certificate No [insert number].
The company, registered under the number 4601328667, was established on March 13, 2017, by the Department of Planning and Investment of Thai Nguyen Province Its head office is situated at 43C Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Group 17, Phan Dinh Phung Ward, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen Province The legal representative is Ms Ngo Thi Mai, and the company specializes in practical accounting training.
The formation and development process of Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Co., Ltd.
Founded in early 2017, up to now the company has been established for nearly
In just four years, Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Co., Ltd has established itself as a reputable accounting training provider in Thai Nguyen city and its surrounding areas Despite facing significant challenges and fierce competition in its early days, the company has transformed its modest beginnings into remarkable achievements The dedication and continuous efforts of its employees have allowed the company to overcome initial limitations and gain valuable experience in the professional training field.
Our mission is to train highly skilled accountants who can independently handle and analyze financial reports Additionally, we empower business managers to effectively oversee their accounting systems, enabling them to identify correct practices and areas for improvement.
Diagram 2.1 Organizational diagram of the company
The individual overseeing the management and operations of the company holds legal responsibility for all its activities This person is accountable not only to the organization but also to the law, ensuring compliance and effective governance within the company.
Is a person with high accounting expertise and takes the role of a professional advisor in all accounting training activities of the Company.
Organize the implementation and management of outgoing and incoming documents in accordance with the company's regulations
Manage seal and engraved name set of the center leader
Maintenance and monitoring of equipment and machines at the company
Monitor and evaluate human resources situation.
Statistics of human resource needs.
Admissions office Trainning department Professional advice
Forecasts future workforce needs in the company (every 3 months) based on planned production processes, changes and other factors.
Develop human resource programs and plans for the company.
Proposed implementation of human resource development policies.
Recruitment and training of personnel
Staff performance assessment Report on business results (Form B02-DN)
Report on business results (Form B02-DN) Salary - bonus management and policy regimes, health insurance, social insurance.
Assist the Director with accounting, statistics, economic information, activities related to financial management.
Ensure capital sources to meet the needs of production and business activities of the company, inspect and evaluate the efficiency of usage capital and assets of the Company.
Organize the accounting, accounting statistics, accurately and fully reflect the data, the situation of capital rotation in the business activities of the Company.
Analyze the economic efficiency of company's business projects
Balance the company's financial plan
Take the lead in the periodic implementation of financial statements, inventory and asset assessment in the center, proposing liquidation of backlogged, poor- quality, and unsuitable assets and materials.
Advising to develop and issue documents (regulations, guidelines, plans, strategies, ) on the company's training programs
Consulting, introducing information about the company's training programs for Report on business results (Form B02-DN) trainees in need
Fostering and training a team of collaborators with sufficient knowledge and Report on business results (Form B02-DN) skills for admission counseling
Synthesiz Report on business results (Form B02-DN) ing and analyzing enrollment-related statistics: evaluate the effectiveness of enrollment counseling.
The department includes a team of teachers and management teachers for the purpose of Japanese language training of the center.
Develop curriculum and directly teach students
The ministry is responsible for checking the student's compliance with the company's rules and regulations Handling violations according to competence.
4.2 The Real situation of Organization of accounting work at Mai Ngoc Consulting and Training Co., Ltd
4.2.1 Real situation of the accounting apparatus system organization
4.2.2 Real situation of the original documentation and recording system organization
4.2.3 Real situation of the organization in applying the system of accounting accounts
4.2.4 Real situation of the organization of the accounting book system
4.2.5 Real situation of making and analyzing accounting reports
4.2.6 Real situation of accounting inspection
4.2.7 Real situation of the organization of information technology application in accounting
Evaluate the current status of accounting work at Mai Ngoc Consulting and
Propose solutions to improve accounting work at Mai Ngoc Consulting and
4.4.1 Improving the organization of the accounting system
4.4.2 Improving the original voucher and record system organization
4.4.3 Improving the organization and application of accounting account system.
4.4.4 Improving the organization of the accounting book system
4.4.5 Improving the organization of making and analyzing accounting reports
4.4.6 Improving the accounting inspection organization