ĐỀ tài THAM dự CUỘC THI NGHIÊN cứu KHOA học TRONG LĨNH vực QUẢN TRỊ 2022 research on factors affecting happiness

41 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS HPI: Happy Planet Index GDP: Gross Domestic Product SWB: Subjective Well-being OLS: Ordinary Least Squares GWB: General Well-being... the pursuit of happiness1 T

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ TP HCM

KHOA QUẢN TRỊ

-o0o -ĐỀ TÀI THAM DỰ CUỘC THI NGHIÊN CỨU KHOA HỌC TRONG

LĨNH VỰC QUẢN TRỊ 2022

Research on factors affecting happiness

MÃ SỐ ĐỘI THI: QT-90

Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, 2022

Thông tin các thành viên nhóm:

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1 The reasons for writing

2 Research’s purpose and methods

CHAPTER 1: RELATED STUDIES AND THEORIES .

1.1 Related Studies

1.1.1 Happiness definition

1.1.2 HPI

1.1.3 GWB

1.1.4 SWB

1.2 Theories

1.2.1 Top-down perspective

1.2.2 Bottom-up perspective

CHAPTER 2: ANALYTICAL METHODS .

2.1 Objects and scope of the research

2.2 Research Methods

2.3 Description of the data and data processing .

2.3.1 Description of the data

2.3.2 Data processing

CHAPTER 3: ESTIMATION AND STATISTICAL INFERENCE .

3.1 Estimation Model

3.1.1 OLS Model

3.2 Verify and correct model defects

3.2.1 Verify T-Test

3.1.2 Verify the explanatory level of the model

3.1.3 Verify model relevance

3.1.4 Verify Multicollinearity

3.1.5 Verify Autocorrelation

3.1.6 Verify the phenomenon of residual variance changes .

3.2 Hypothesis testing

3.2.1 Verify the relevance of results with expectation .

CONCLUSION 35

REFERENCES 36

APPENDIX 37

DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP 41

THANK YOU 41

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS HPI: Happy Planet Index

GDP: Gross Domestic Product

SWB: Subjective Well-being

OLS: Ordinary Least Squares

GWB: General Well-being

1 The reasons for writing

Happiness is perceived and defined in many ways Professor Ngo Bao Chau didput the concept of happiness into the story of the glass of water If it is said to be halffull, then it is correct, but if it is said to be half empty, it is also true It all depends onour perspective and choices Therefore, happiness is considered a rather abstract andsubjective matter because it depends on the perception of each person in specificcontexts

This is a topic that attracts many researchers, specifically, many philosophicaltheories and religious ideas have found their own way of explaining happiness

For example, in 1835, Karl Marx used to write that " the happiest person is theone who brings happiness to the most people " Democit argues that happiness is apleasant feeling Epicur said that happiness consists in the absence of fear of death.Those who follow the Confucian sect, advocate that intellectuals must study well andbring their talents to help the world and the country The greatest happiness of agentleman is to contribute to society and establish a reputation

Plato described happiness as something that is unique because we do not want itfor the sake of anything else It is a “persistent state that emerges from devotion towisdom and virtue.” (the pursuit of happiness) Descartes made a fundamentaldistinction between things that depend on us, like virtue and wisdom, and those thatmay not, such as honors, riches, and health In an interesting twist on the question ofhappiness as contentment or life purpose, Descartes believed that those who were notonly wise and virtuous but also favored by fortune had a greater capacity forcontentment (the pursuit of happiness)1

The concept of happiness as life satisfaction is also studied and used by NEF (NewEconomics Foundation) as one of the three main factors of the Happy Planet Index (HPI),which will be discussed in more detail in the following chapters of this study

In developing countries, people's income has also increased many timescompared to the previous generation However, the question is whether people arereally happy or satisfied with their current life or not.

2. Research’s purpose and methods

The concept of happiness as life satisfaction is also studied and used by NEF (NewEconomics Foundation) as one of the three main factors of the Happy Planet Index (HPI),which will be discussed in more detail in the following chapters of this study

In developing countries, people's income has also increased many timescompared to the previous generation However, the question is whether people arereally happy or satisfied with their current life or not

The objective of the research is to analyze and identify the main factors affectingthe happiness or satisfaction index of the people such as: age, sex, health, educationlevel, marital status marriage, divorce, unemployment, religious beliefs, politics,regions, We discover how happiness varies in relation to the variables that we areable to gather information about Moreover, the study also provides policy suggestions

to improve people's happiness index

The research is based on the following hypotheses: Whether income and happinessare indeed positively related; Whether good health will positively affect happiness;Whether unemployment and divorce negatively affect happiness and whether factors ofsocial capital such as belief in religion, politics, etc positive influence on happiness

The study consists of 3 chapters

Chapter 1: Related studies and theoriesChapter 2: Analytical methods

Chapter 3: Estimation and Statistical Inference

CHAPTER 1: RELATED STUDIES AND THEORIES 1.1 Related Studies

1.1.1 Happiness definition

Happiness can simply be understood as an emotional state characterized byfeelings of joy, satisfaction, contentment, and fulfillment While happiness has manydifferent definitions, it is often described as involving positive emotions and lifesatisfaction However, the term led to controversy in the definition aspect

On the one hand, philosophers and psychologists worldwide have defined it in theirown way For instance, Daniel Kahneman has defined happiness as "what I experience here and now" This usage is prevalent in dictionary definitions of happiness Happiness, according to Ruut Veenhoven, is the "total appreciation of one's existence as-a-whole.".

2According to Kahneman, this is more significant to people than recent experience

On the other hand, Jeremy Bentham, an English philosopher, jurist, and socialreformer had another idea Bentham defined his philosophy's "fundamental axiom" as the

principle that "it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong."3 The felicific calculus is an algorithm formulated by him that calculates

the degree or amount of pleasure that a specific action is likely to induce

In this research, our group will focus mainly on the perspective that happiness isreferred to as hedonic (Ryan & Deci, 2001), the presence of positive emotions, and theabsence of negative emotions By approaching the problem in this way, we cancalculate related figures objectively

Happiness Economic

GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is an indicator to calculate the total national income,and is said to be a measure of the "health" of the world's economies But while grossnational income is not the same as national welfare, a high GDP does not mean a highlevel of happiness and social security Therefore, in 1974 Richard Easterlin, an Americaneconomist, challenged the concept of GDP by looking at survey reports of people'shappiness from 19 countries over the previous three decades and remarked that

2 The concept of happiness - Erasmus Happiness Economics Research Organisation

GDP and welfare are not as closely related as is commonly thought The result ofEasterlin's investigation is known as the Easterlin paradox The Easterlin paradoxstates that “when considered in a moment, money and happiness are related However,over a long period of time, happiness does not increase as income improves." Sincethen, Richard Easterlin has become the main thinker of the concept of Happiness

Economics: “The goal is to maximize happiness, not income.”

Like Richard Easterlin, Richard Layard believes that human happiness is ofparamount importance to society and to individuals themselves He makes the case thatprogressive taxation will make society unquestionably better off from the perspective

of happiness as one of the foremost academic proponents of happiness.He also insiststhat the fundamental impulse of a government should be the creation of well-being andnot just wealth Particularly, three basic principles that support for Layard's perspectiveunderlie happiness economics:

“The way we judge the situation or the state of a nation is by the happiness of the people, especially the happiness of the least-happy people.”

“We should try and produce the best state in the world that we can in the way that we live our lives and the people we touch or could touch So we should be trying to produce the largest amount of happiness in the world that we can, especially taking into account the people who are least happy.”

“Governments should also be trying to produce the greatest happiness in people, especially preventing misery That was the view of Thomas Jefferson; I think it was the right view.” 4

1.1.2 HPI

The Happy Planet Index (HPI) introduced by the New Economics Foundation in

2006 combines three elements (life expectancy, well-being and ecological footprint) toshow how efficiently residents of different countries are using environmental resources

to lead long, happy lives It showed that people can live long, happy lives withoutusing more than their fair share of the Earth’s resources

How is the HPI calculated?

The HPI is determined by dividing the expected "happy life years" by theresource consumption of a nation The average life expectancy is multiplied by thenumber of "happy life years," which is determined using both subjective judgmentsand objective data and assessed on a scale from 1 to 10 The per capita CO2 footprint

is used to calculate resource usage The area required to absorb the CO2 emissionsproduced by a country as a result of its usage of fossil fuels is referred to as thefootprint (oil, natural gas, coal)

Life Expectancy x Experienced WellbeingHappy Planet Index 5=

Ecological Footprint

How is the Happy Planet Index different?

Unlike other indices, such as the Quality of Life Index or World HappinessReport, the Happy Planet Index does not rank countries in terms of quality of life or

happiness Instead, it looks at which countries are best at using minimal ‘inputs’ ofnatural resources to create the maximum possible ‘outputs’ of long, happy lives – thusdelivering truly “sustainable wellbeing”

The Happy Planet Index does not consider societies truly successful if they deliver

“good lives” which use more resources than the earth can support OR if they consumewithin the Earth’s limits, but have very low levels of wellbeing or life expectancy

HPI aims to create happy and healthy lives for everyone now and then byreducing poverty and deprivation The Happy Planet Index provides a compass toguide nations towards genuine progress

What are (according to its proponents) the advantages of the HPI?

- The HPI asks the question of the fundamental “why?” of economic activity Itsuggests that our most important goal should be to lead long and happy lives, whilepreserving the ecological foundations this requires Pure economic growth asexpressed by the GDP should not be an end in itself

5 The data sources used by the HPI are: UN Human Development Reports for life expectancy, the World Database of Happiness by

- The HPI offers a clear path to a sustainable, fair future by combining life satisfaction with ecological aspects.

- The index is based on relatively simple calculations, making it easy to

understand (and therefore to communicate)

- It enables comparisons between countries

What are (according to its critics) the disadvantages of the HPI?

- The HPI disregards issues such as political freedom, human rights or labourrights

- The concept of CO2 footprint is also controversial, in part because it is

restricted to CO2 emissions, ignoring e.g water consumption

- The available data is not always satisfactory

- Misleading name: the HPI is not an indicator of happiness, but of ecological efficiency in achieving satisfaction in a country

- Many critics are fundamentally skeptical about the measurability of “subjectivewell-being”

- “Happiness” and “satisfaction” are both subjective and individual, besides being

culturally dependent

- Another difficulty is the impact of politics on “happiness and satisfaction” Thequestion arises as to whether the HPI can be used to assess political measures.Furthermore, it is perfectly possible for nationalist policies to increase cohesion andsatisfaction in a country; should this be regarded as a positive development?

1.1.3 GWB

One aspect of wellbeing is not having any illness or disease It encompasses awide range of components related to a person's physical, mental, emotional, and socialhealth Well-being and happiness are closely related concepts How you feel aboutyour life and yourself can be used to define your level of well-being

The answer is not about having more money Money and wellbeing are relatedbecause having enough money enhances living conditions and raises social standing

Many people believe that becoming wealthy will hasten the process of makingthem happier However, this is false Numerous studies from all over the world haveshown that the quality of our interpersonal relationships, rather than the amount ofmoney we have in the bank, has a greater impact on our level of happiness.

Governments can choose particular policies by keeping track of the wellbeing of

a population For instance, determining the "poverty line" and determining apopulation's median weekly income both help decisions about social assistance reform.Even if the adjustments may be significant, the wellness movement extends muchbeyond changing what is and is not included in GDP It advocates completelyreplacing it with a metric that claims to quantify a population's happiness rather thanits material riches Some critics believe that the fact that measured happiness has notimproved throughout the years points to a problem in our society that needs to be fixed

by government intervention As a result of these discoveries, happiness proponentsthink they are morally superior They therefore believe that spreading happiness is abenefit that is obvious and to which only the most irrational misanthrope could resist

Policies showing GWB:

- Vietnam begins Covid vaccination for children aged 5-11:

+ While children have been largely spared the direct mortality impacts of thevirus, their access to education, health and protection services has been severelydisrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic As vaccines become available, thepandemic will be brought under control which will, in turn, restore services forchildren and help build a better, safer, healthier future for us all

+ From April 14 2022 to now, The Ministry of Health ordered localitiesacross the country to speed up the COVID-19 vaccination for children aged 5 to

11 years old and accelerate the booster dose for people above 18 years old

- Children orphaned because of Covid grow up in alien environments:

+ More than 2,200 children in HCMC have lost their parents, according to the city Department of Education and Training

+ Experts fear that with all attention focused on fighting the epidemic, peoplemay forget that children orphaned by Covid-19 are also a "hidden pandemic."

+ Many government agencies and organizations have stepped in to help young children come to terms with this harsh reality.

+ On September 11 the HCMC Department of Labor, Invalids and SocialAffairs announced a monthly subsidy program for orphans affected by Covid-19:According, VND17.3 billion was disbursed from socialization to care for thisgroup of children and children living in social protection establishments.Therefore, each child received an average of VND5-6 million, while orphans ofboth parents received VND8-9 million each In addition to the cash support, thechildren also received gifts such as school bags, writing books, school supplies,and welfare packages including rice, noodles and cooking oil

+Many organizations and individuals also commit to sponsoring children until they turn to 18 years old

1.1.4 SWB

What Is Subjective Well-Being?

Subjective well-being (SWB), often referred to as self-reported well-being, ishow individuals interpret and assess various facets of their lives It is frequently used

to gauge one's pleasure and mental well-being and is a reliable indicator of one'slongevity, and good health

It is now a helpful indicator of the well-being of society It gives insights that can

be utilized to direct public health, economic, and social policies in addition toproviding psychologists a means to gauge how people feel about their life.Policymakers use assessments of subjective well-being to evaluate the state ofsocieties and the effectiveness of social policies

Construction of SWB

Even though they are closely related, Ed Diener suggested that the different SWBcomponents constitute unique constructs that must be comprehended separately So, ratherthan being a single distinct construct, SWB may be seen as "a general area of scientificinterest." Although these can affect assessments of SWB, definitions of SWB oftenexclude objective elements like material circumstances or health due to the explicit focus

on the subjective aspects of well-being Thus, SWB definitions emphasize how an

pain in response to particular occurrences and cognitive assessments of what anindividual perceives to be a happy life Positive affect, defined as the overallequilibrium between positive and negative affect and typically measured as thedifference between the two, low negative affect, defined as the experience ofunpleasant, distressing emotions and moods, and "overall affect" or "hedonic balance"are all components of SWB related to affect Though not always, there is a strongcorrelation between high positive affect and low negative affect.

Types of Subjective Well-Being

Diener's initial definition of subjective well-being placed a strong emphasis onaffective and cognitive well-being According to some academics, how people feelabout their lives is strongly influenced by another part of well-being that focuses on asense of purpose and meaning

Experienced Well-Being

The frequency and intensity of people's sensations of happiness and joy arereferred to as their experience of well-being Hedonistic well-being is another name forthis kind of happiness It includes assessments of general wellbeing that are bothaffective and cognitive

This kind of well-being has a significant impact on health For instance, studieshave shown that individuals with stronger immune systems are those who frequentlyfeel good emotions

Eudaimonic Well-Being

Experienced well-being is the main emphasis of subjective well-being.Eudaimonic well-being, on the other hand, is a different kind of well-being that caninfluence how people view their lives and their level of happiness

Living a meaningful life is the key to achieving eudaimonic well-being Importantelements of this kind of subjective well-being include striving for goals, showingcompassion for others, discovering your purpose in life, and living up to your values

Measurement of SWB

Affective balance and life satisfaction are often assessed individually andindependently

+ Self-reported data is typically used to calculate life satisfaction

Questionnaires are a typical way to gauge life satisfaction

+ A self-reported approach is typically used to measure affective balance aswell The PANAS is an illustration of an assessment of affective balance(Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule)

Sometimes just one SWB inquiry tries to get the big picture In the WorldHappiness Report, for instance, respondents are asked to imagine a ladder where thebest possible life for them is at the top and the worst conceivable life is at the bottom.They are then asked to rank their existing lives on that 0–10 scale

These assessments of affective balance and life satisfaction have a problem inthat they are self-reported The issue with self-reports is that the subjects may be lying

or at the very least not being completely honest when completing the questionnaires.Because they are embarrassed or because they are filling in what they think theresearcher wants to see in the results, participants may be lying or withholdinginformation from the researcher To provide more precise results, other measurementtechniques have been utilized to figure out someone's SWB

Informant reports can be used as an additional source of support or confirmationthat the results of the self-report are true The closest family and friends of the subjectare requested to complete either a survey or a form with information about theparticipant's mood, feelings, and general way of life The individual may claim in theself-report to be cheerful, yet according to friends and family, he or she is constantlydepressed It would be clear that the results would be in conflict, which would produceunreliable findings

The ESM, or Experience Sampling Method, is another approach for bettercomprehending the actual outcomes Participants in this study receive a beeper/pager thatwill sound at various times throughout the day The participant will stop what they aredoing whenever the beeper or pager sounds, and report what they are doing, as well ashow they are feeling and how they are feeling right now Researchers will have a greaterknowledge of the participant's actual emotions, moods, and feelings as well as how theseelements interact with other thoughts and behaviors if they follow this over a week ormonth The Day Reconstruction Method is the third measurement to guarantee validity.Participants in this study record their daily activities in a diary The individual

is then prompted to explain each activity and give an account of their feelings, mood,and any emotions that manifested So, in addition to the various measuring methodsstated above, a researcher may choose to use self-reports to secure reliable data Aperson is said to have a high degree of SWB if they have a high level of lifesatisfaction and a positive affective balance.

1.2 Theories

1.2.1 Top-down perspective

According to the top-down perspective, a person's perception of events isinfluenced by their overall personality traits Consequently, depending on theirpersistent personality qualities, people may have a general inclination to perceive life

in either a consistently positive or negative way According to top-down theories ofSWB, a person's "setpoint" is determined by their genetic propensity to be happy ordissatisfied According to the set point theory, a person's birth-time baseline orequilibrium level of SWB is mostly fixed due to inherited traits Behavior-geneticresearch that demonstrated that positive and negative affectivity has strongheritabilities provides evidence for this genetic propensity (40 percent and 55 percentrespectively in one study) The idea of set point theory is supported by several twinstudies They do not, however, rule out the possibility that some people may undergolong-term SWB alterations

According to Diener et al., heritability studies have limitations because they onlyrepresent long-term SWB in a sample of individuals living in contemporary westerncivilization; they may not apply to SWB in more harsh conditions and do not offerprecise markers of genetic influences

Furthermore, heritability estimates vary between studies

Findings showing that personality has a significant impact on long-term SWBprovide more support for a genetically determined propensity to SWB The dynamicequilibrium model of SWB is the result of this According to this approach, personalityserves as a foundation for emotional reactions People may be significantly movedaway from their baseline by external events, but these movements typically only last ashort while before most people eventually return to their baseline

1.2.2 Bottom-up perspective

According to a bottom-up approach, good experiences breed happiness Externalevents as well as general socioeconomic and demographic factors, such as health andmarital status, are examples of bottom-up impacts Bottom-up strategies are predicated

on the notion that happiness is a byproduct of meeting basic human wants, which areseen to be universal This perspective is supported by research showing that dailypleasant occurrences are linked to higher positive affect, while daily unpleasant events

or hassles are linked to higher negative affect

However, research indicates that top-down factors, such as personality, accountfor a far larger percentage of the variance in self-reports of SWB than do externalevents Hedonic adaptation is a notion put forth to explain why external events onlyhave a limited effect on SWB This theory, which was originally based on the idea of a

"hedonic treadmill," contends that while positive or negative external events maytemporarily increase or decrease feelings of SWB, people eventually grow accustomed

to their situation and tend to return to a personal SWB "setpoint" or baseline level.The hedonic treadmill theory initially postulated that as people becomeaccustomed to events, they tend to return to an SWB neutral level (i.e., neither happynor unhappy) However, further studies have demonstrated that for most people, the

baseline level of SWB is at least slightly positive because most people report beinggenerally pleased or having a good mood when no negative events are happening Thisidea has been further refined, demonstrating that people do not adapt to all lifesituations equally Instead, people tend to adjust slowly to some events (such asimprisonment) and quickly to others (such as the death of a loved one) while notadapting at all to still other occurrences (e.g noise and sex).

This graph describes the relationship between life satisfaction (on a scale rangingfrom 0 to 10) and GDP per capita of some countries From the graph we can see that:

- High-income countries such as the US, Singapore, and South Korea (whereGDP per capita is over $40,000) have high levels of happiness and satisfaction(from 6 to 7 on a 10-point scale)

- However, Vietnam has an average GDP per capita income (under $10,000),lower than China and Russia, but has similar happiness and satisfaction levels toChina and Russia (between 5 and 6 points)

- Statistics on this issue have shown that GDP per capita is not the only factorthat determines the happiness level of each person or country Satisfaction orhappiness depends on many other factors such as stability or national security,policies, social support, etc

Factors affecting SWB

• Politics

Firstly, those who are happier with their lives may feasibly stop caring aboutpolitics because they have already attained a comfortable degree of disinterest It hasbeen suggested that increasing happiness may result in "an emptying of democracy" inthis sense However, a growing body of research on the "objective benefits ofsubjective well-being" has demonstrated that different prosocial behaviors can besignificantly influenced by happiness For instance, happier people are more inclined

to donate to charities and volunteer in their communities

• Religion

Religiously attached adults and inactive religious group members are likely to beless content and less civically involved than people who actively participate inreligious congregations.

• Unemployment

It may be reasonable to infer that persons looking for a job would benefit morefrom finding employment Therefore, a higher unemployment rate would result inmore people experiencing lower utility since they are prevented from enjoying the bestlevel of leisure or good they could if they found a job

• Divorced

One study found that when individuals in a low-conflict marriage divorced, theyexperienced a decrease in happiness, on average This study suggests that ending amarriage that may be unhappy at the time but low in conflict is not a reliable path toimproved happiness About half of divorces come from low-conflict marriages inwhich one or both spouses are unhappy but there isn’t a lot of fighting

• Gender

According to Asian historical and cultural traditions, women tend to be happierthan men because they choose to be more peaceful, especially when there are negativesocio-economic changes

• Age

The work of Professor Andrew Osvald and colleagues demonstrates that

happiness throughout life is U-shaped, also known as the "happiness curve"

A new study published in the Journal of Economic & Organizational Behavior

gradually and peaks in our late 40s, after there, unhappiness decreases The studyresults also confirm the existence of "midlife crisis" occurring as a commonphenomenon in most countries.

• Education

Many studies show that education has a positive effect on happiness A study byGabriele Ruiu and Maria Laura Ruiu on how income expectations of highly educatedpeople in Italy affect their perception of happiness Research has shown that highlyeducated workers have a higher average income than others, along with personalincome being one of the factors that have been shown to have a strong impact on thehappiness index

People who rate their general health as "good" or "outstanding" tend to experiencebetter SWB compared to those who rate their health as "fair" or "poor," since there arestrong positive correlations between health and SWB Self-ratings of general health wereshown to be more strongly correlated with SWB than physician ratings of health in ameta-analysis SWB and health may be correlated in both directions There is proof thatfeeling good about oneself influences one's physical and mental well-being According to

a review of longitudinal studies, baseline subjective well-being categories includingoptimism and positive affect were predictive of mortality and longer-term health status

On the other hand, several studies discovered that baseline depression was a predictor ofdeath and a worsening of longer-term health conditions It is challenging to show causalitybecause baseline health may very well have a causal effect on subjective well-being.Numerous studies have revealed optimistic feelings and optimism to be advantageous forimmunological and cardiovascular health It is also known that changes in immunologicaland cardiovascular responses are correlated with mood changes There is proof that

can also improve several facets of health For instance, it has been discovered thatrelaxation exercises and meditation can lower blood pressure and boost positive affect.It's unclear exactly how different sorts of subjective well-being work For instance, it isyet unknown how long-lasting the impacts of mood and emotions are on health care.It's also uncertain if some sort of subjective well-being independently predicts health.Because it may boost self-esteem and lessen anxiety, meditation can make you happierand more content.

• Income

The results of some studies indicate that life satisfaction increases with income.The Maslow's hierarchy of needs is another illustration People are required to meetneeds at lower levels such as physiological needs for survival, and safety, which can

be achieved almost absolutely when people have a stable income or higher in order tofulfill needs at higher levels and achieve happiness at the summit of the pyramid.Typically, the rich continue to see unhappiness while the poor always dream of thehappiness of prosperity As a result, it is difficult to determine who is happier thanwhom

• Work important

Happiness gives workers job satisfaction When workers are content, they feelsatisfied and a part of the team Additionally, they enjoy carrying out their everydayduties and give it their all without feeling burdened

• Leisure time

Due to the fact that leisure activities offer to fulfill needs and ideals from one'sown life, they have a significant impact on subjective well-being People increase theirquality of life by engaging in leisure activities, which also foster social connections,happy feelings, and the acquisition of new skills and information

Additionally, research demonstrates that feeling supported can help reduce stress,depressive symptoms, and low self-esteem.

For emotional well-being, sibling relationships are especially crucial More than60% of respondents to a survey said their sibling was their best friend According toevolutionary biologists, this may be because we share 50% of our genes, making usnaturally drawn to one another and receptive to it But there might be some variations

in how family affects happiness depending on our upbringing

Furthermore, friends can:

- Increase your sense of belonging and purpose

- Reduce your stress while increasing your happiness

- Improve your self-esteem and self-confidence

- Help you cope with stressful circumstances like divorce, serious sickness, job loss, or the death of a loved one

- Encourage you to change or prevent bad lifestyle behaviors such as binge drinking or a lack of physical activity

HPI Ranking 2019

MeanMedian

IdealCosta Rica (1)Thailand (28)Vietnam (48)China (94)

Korea (110)

America (122)Russia (131)Qatar (152)

Value Survey and Happy Planet Index) To analyze the determinants of happiness, we

TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat123@gmail.com

use multiple regression in SPSS software, thereby considering different levels ofinfluence that each factor has on happiness Quantitative research is carried out based

on data sets collected from a questionnaire with 1381 observations

Regression analysis uses OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) to estimate relationshipsbetween a dependent variable and other independent variables Among factorsaffecting human happiness, we study the dependent relationship between the happiness

of each individual (dependant variable with a scale from 1 – Dissatisfied, to 4 - Veryhappy) with factors affecting happiness (independent variables such as Age, Gender,Health, Education, Region, Marriage, Divorced, Unemployment, Religion, Politics,Income, Work important, Leisure important, Family important and Friends important)Within the knowledge of the subject, to verify the dependent relationship model

of "happiness" and the remaining variables, our research team uses the OLS method(Ordinary Least Squares) together with the support of SPSS, Microsoft Excel, andWord software to synthesize data and complete this research paper Here are the basicsteps to build an econometric model:

1. Stating the theory and hypothesis about the relationship between the variables in the model

7. Analyzing the results

8. Showing forecasts and solutionsSample regression model

HP = 0 + 1 (Politics) + 2 (Religion) + 3 (Unemployment) + 4 (Divorced) + 5 (Marriage) +

6 (Gender) + 7 (Age) + 8 (Education) + 9 (Health) + 10 (Income) +

11 (Work Important) + 12 (Leisure Time) + 13 (Family Important) + 14 (Friends Important)

Population regression model

11 (Work Important) + ˆ

12 (Leisure Time) + ˆ

13 (Family Important) + ˆ

14 (FriendsImportant)

According to the formula:

0 is the intercept of the regression model i

is the slope of the independent variable u is

the noise term of the regression model