Conditional sentences Grammar Conditional sentences I Basic conditional sentences II The mixed conditional sentence type II and III III Inversion in Conditional sentences IV Some variants of condition.
Trang 1Conditional sentences
I: Basic conditional sentences
II The mixed conditional sentence type II and III
III: Inversion in Conditional sentences
IV Some variants of conditional sentences
Trang 2I: Conditional sentences
Type 1: IF S + V (hiện tại) , S + WILL ( CAN, MAY) + V (nguyên mẫu)
Cách dùng: Chỉ sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
ex: If it is sunny, I will go fishing.
Type 2 : IF S + V (quá khứ) , S + WOULD ( COULD, MIGHT ) + V (nguyên mẫu)
( be luôn dùng were dù chủ từ số ít hay nhiều )
Cách dùng: Chỉ sự việc không thể hoặc khó có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ex : If I were you, I would go abroad.
Type 3: IF S +HAD +P.P , S + WOULD ( COULD, MIGHT ) HAVE + P.P
Cách dùng: Chỉ sự việc đã không xảy ra ở quá khứ.
Ex: If I hadn’t been absent yesterday, I would have met him.
Trang 3Exercise I: Choose the best answer:
1. I would have visited you before if there _ quite a lot of people in your house
A. hadn't B hadn't been C wouldn't be D wasn't
2 If I _, I would express my feelings
B. were asked B would ask C had been asked D asked
3 Will you be angry if I _ your pocket dictionary? A stole B have stolen C were to steal D steal
4 John would be taking a great risk if he _ his money in that business
C. would invest B invested C had invested D invests
5 If the wall weren't so high, he _ it up to take his ball down
D. climbed B could climb C is climbing D climb
6 Unless you understand, I explain it to you again A Am B would C will D was
7 You should stay home if it A rain B rained C rains D raining
8 You’ll burn yourself if you aren’t A Good B careful C kind D working hard
9 If anybody question, please ask me after class A have B have the C has D has a
10 If I somebody else, I’d like to be the teacher
A must be B could be C would be D became
Trang 4Bài 2: Chia động từ dưới đây.
1) If I (to study), I (to pass) the exams.
2) If the sun (to shine), we (to walk) to the town.
3) If he (to have) a temperature, he (to see) the doctor.
4) If my friends (to come), I (to be) very happy.
5) If she (to earn) a lot of money, she (to fly) to New York.
6) If we (to travel) to London, we (to visit) the museums.
7) If you (to wear) sandals in the mountains, you (to slip) on the rocks.
8) If Rita (to forget) her homework, the teacher (to give) her a low mark.
9) If they (to go) to the disco, they (to listen) to loud music.
10) If you (to wait) a minute, I (to ask) my parents.
Trang 5Exercise 3: Choose the best answer
1 If she ……… the lottery last year, She……… rich now.
A Have won/would be B had won/would be
C won /would be D wins/will be
2 If I ……… the homework last night, I……… bonus today.
B Had done/would get B had done/would have got
C done/would get D does/will get
3 If we had played this game yesterday, we……….a lot of money now.
A Will have B may have C would have had D would have
4 If it ………last night, it would be cold today.
A Had rained B rained C have rained D was raining
5 If she……….to me, she……… in trouble right now.
C Had listened/would be B had listened/would have be
C had listened/would not be D A & B
Trang 6Ex 4: Put the verb into the correct form
1) If I was offered the job, I think I (take)………… it.
2) I’m sure Tom will lend you some money I would be very surprised if he (refuse)………
3) Many people would be out of work if that factory (close)………down.
4) If she sold her car, she (not/get)………… .much money for it.
5) They’re expecting us They would be disappointed if we (not come)……….
6) Would George be angry If I (take)……… his bicycle without asking?
7) Ann give me this ring She (be)……….terribly upset if I lost it.
8) If someone (walk)………… in here with a gun, I’d be very frightened.
would take
refused closed
would not get
didn’t come took
would be walked
Trang 7Exercise 5: Read the situation and write a sentence with If
1) I’m not going to buy that mobile phone because it’s too expensive
If that mobile phone weren’t so expensive, I would buy it
2) She doesn’t go out very often because she can’t walk without help
If she could walk without help, she would go out more often
3) He is fat but he doesn’t play sport
If he played sports, he wouldn’t be fat
4) We can’t go out for lunch because it’s raining
If it weren’t raining, we could be able to gou out for lunch
5) I can’t see you this Friday because I have to work
If I didn’t have to work, I could be able to see you tomorrow
6) Peter lives with his parents because he can’t buy a flat
If Peter could buy a flat, he he wouldn’t live with his parents
7) Mary is sad because she has a small flat
If Mary didn’t have a small flat, he wouldn’t be sad
8) I don’t know his email so I can’t send him an invitation
If I knew his email, I could send him an invitation
9) I am so busy so I don’t have enough time to go to the supermarket
If I weren’t busy, I would have enough time to go to the supermarket 10) I like to buy a new car but I don’t have enough money
If I had enough money, I would buy a new car
Trang 8Bài 6:For each situation write a sentence beginning with if
If I'd been hungry, I would have eaten something.
2 The accident happened because the road was icy.
If the road hadn't been icy, the accident would't have happened.
3 I didn't know that Joe had to get up early, so I didn't wake him up.
If I'd known, I'd have woken.
4 I was able to buy the car only because Jane lent me the money.
If Jane hadn't lent me the money, I wouldn't have been able to buy the car
5 Karen wasn't injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat belt.
If Karen hadn't been wearing a seat belt, she 'd have been injured
6 You didn't have any breakfast – that's why you're hungry now.
I you'd had, you wouldn't be hungry now.
7 I didn't get a taxi because I didn't have any money.
If I'd had money, I would have got a taxi
Trang 9II The mixed conditional sentence type II and III
1 Cấu trúc cơ bản
Clause 1 (would + V) + if + Clause 2 (had + P2)
Ex: If I had been born in town, I would like life there.
(the fact that I wasn’t born in town, so I don’t like life there now)
Trang 10Bài tập 2: Từ tình huống cho sẵn, viết câu điều kiện với If
1) Bob is tired now because he came home late last night.
If Bob hadn’t come home late last night, he wouldn’t be tired now.
2) I revised my lesson so I get bonus scores today.
If I hadn’t revised my lesson, I wouldn’t have got bonus scores today.
3) Anna didn’t learn English in high school, so she doesn’t have good job.
If Anna had learned English in high school, she would have had good job.
4) I am not rich I didn’t buy new flat last month.
If I were rich, I would have bought new flat last month.
5) We can’t reach Tony’s house now because we didn’t ask for direction before.
We could reach Tony’s house now if we had asked for direction before
Trang 11III: Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện
Type I : • Nếu trong câu có “ should ” ở mệnh đề if, thì đảo “ should ” lên đầu câu
Ex: If he should ring , I will tell him the news
→ Should he ring, I will tell him the news
• Nếu trong câu không có “should”, chúng ta phải mượn “should”
Ex: If he has free time, he’ll play tennis → Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis.
Type II: • Nếu trong câu có động từ “ were” , thì đảo “ were” lên đầu
Ex If I were you, I would invite him to the party.
→ Were I you, I would invite him to the party.
• Nếu trong câu không có động từ “were” thì mượn “were’ và dùng “ to V”
Ex: If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book
→ Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book
Type III: Đảo trợ động từ của thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Ex: If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home
→ Had it rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home
Chú ý: ở dạng phủ định, “not” được đặt sau chủ ngữ:
Ex: Had it not been so late, we would have called you.
Trang 12Exercise 3: Choose the best answer
1 If you should need some more money, take an extra twenty => _ take an extra twenty.
a Were you need some more money b Had you need some more money, c Should you need some more money,
2.If I were your teacher, I would insist you try harder => , I would insist you try harder.
a Were I your teacher b I were your teacher
3 If my boss calls, please let me know right away => _, please let me know right away a Should my boss call b Should my boss calls
4 If I had thought of the right words, I would have told him what I was thinking! => , I would have told him what I was thinking!
a I had thought of the right words b Had I thought of the right words
5 If I were a millionaire, I would not have to worry about spending money
=> _, I would not have to worry about spending money a Were I a millionaire b Was I a millionaire c I was a millionaire
6.If they run out of tickets, we will have to go to another movie => , we will have to go to another movie.
a Were they run out of tickets b Should they run out of tickets c Had they run out of tickets
7 If you change your mind, let me know => , let me know
a Should you change your mind b Do you change your mind c You change your mind
8 If you had known my dad, you would have thought he was wonderful too
_=> , you would have thought he was wonderful too a Know my dad b Have you known my dad c Had you known my dad
9 If you had seen the bird dancing, you would have laughed too => dancing, you would have laughed too.
a Had you seen the bird dancing b Had you see the bird dancing c Were you seen the bird dancing
10 If I were a movie star, I could get any table in the fanciest restaurant
=> _ could get any table in the fanciest restaurant a Was I a movie star b Were I a movie star c Am I a movie star
Trang 13IV Một số dạng biến thể của câu điều kiện
(1) Unless = If not
Ex: If I don't work hard, I will fail this exam.
= Unless I work hard, I will fail this exam.
(2) Without/ But for (Nếu không nhờ……./ Nếu không vì……… ) chỉ dùng trong câu điều kiện loại II, III
Cấu trúc: Type II: Without/But for + Noun Phrases/Ving, S + could/would + Vinf…
Type III: Without/But for + Noun Phrases/Ving, S + could/would + have + Ved/PII…
Ex You help me everyday so I can finish my work.
→ But for your daily help, I couldn’t finish my work
If it hadn’t rained, they would have had a good picnic.
→But for the rain, they would have had a good picnic
(3) Or/ Otherwise (Nếu không thì)
Ex: If you don't hurry up, you will be late for school.
= Hurry up or / otherwise you will be late for school.
(4) Incase (Phòng khi) Thường được sử dụng cho câu điều kiện loại 1.
Ex : Bring an umbrella along incase it rains
(5) As long as/ So long as/ Providing that/ Provided that = If
Cấu trúc được chia tương tự như If.
Trang 14Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences , using the words in the blank
1 If he doesn't practice writing every day, he can't improve his writing skill (Unless)
➔Unless he practices writing every day, he can't improve his writing skill
2 If it hadn’t been for our parents, Kim wouldn’t have never been successful (But for )
➔But for our parents, Kim wouldn’t have never been successful
3 If Miss Trang hadn’t helped me, I would have fail (Otherwise)
➔Miss Trang helped me a lot Otherwise, I would have fail
4 I sent an email to Liz but she didn't reply So I sent another email because perhaps she hadn't received the first one (in case )
➔I sent I sent another email in case she hadn't received the first one
5 You can use my car but you must drive carefully - this is a condition (so long as )
➔You can use my car so long as you drive carefully