How Industrial Businesses can Reduce Production Costs with Reverse Osmosis Copyright Notice Copyright © 2013 Culligan Industrial Water.. Table of Contents Preface Chapter 1: Reverse Osmo
Trang 1How Industrial Businesses can Reduce Production Costs with
Reverse Osmosis
Copyright Notice
Copyright © 2013 Culligan Industrial Water Smashwords Edition
Culligan Industrial Water
Minnetonka, MN 55345
http:// www.culliganindustrialwater.com
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Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Reverse Osmosis Design and Engineering
Chapter 2: What Does Reverse Osmosis Remove?
Chapter 3: Industrial Applications for Reverse Osmosis
Chapter 4: Saving Money with Reverse Osmosis
About the Author
Definitions
Appendix
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Preface:
Reverse osmosis (RO) is the process of forcing impure water through a semi-permeable membrane The membrane will allow the water to pass but will trap any salts or other impurities larger than 0.0001 microns This eBook takes a look at some of the uses for
Trang 2reverse osmosis in the industrial world and the ways in which this innovative water filtration technology can save businesses money
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Chapter 1: Reverse Osmosis Design and Engineering
Engineers must take several factors into consideration when designing a custom
reverse osmosis system, including the source water’s temperature, flow rate, hardness level and contaminants Depending on the application, both a pre-RO filter and a
post-RO filter may be required to treat source water in addition to the reverse osmosis
process
Pre-filters are often required to remove sediment material, such as sand or other large contaminants, from source water which could quickly clog up a Reverse Osmosis
membrane In cases where the source water comes from a municipal facility, water should be pre-filtered through an activated carbon filter or treated with chlorine reducing agents to prevent deterioration of the membrane
For industrial applications, such as boiler feedwater or process water, pretreatment with
a water softener is also recommended to prevent scaling and corrosion Water softening
uses an ion exchange process to remove scale depositing minerals
For ultrapure water used in laboratories or a health care setting, an additional post-RO filtration method may be required for further purification and sterilization
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Chapter 2: What Does Reverse Osmosis Remove?
Reverse Osmosis removes contaminants and impurities larger than 0.0001 microns, including: various types of salts, metals, viral and bacterial organisms (such as polio and other disease causing organisms), and dissolved minerals (such as lead, zinc, and phosphate) Depending on the characteristics of the system, mineral rejection rates will typically vary from 85 to 99 percent
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Chapter 3: Industrial Applications for Reverse Osmosis
Industrial reverse osmosis systems are typically used to treat water in the
manufacturing of:
• Pharmaceuticals
Trang 3• Food and beverages
• Semiconductors
• Metal finishing
• Electronic components
Other industrial applications for reverse osmosis include the treatment of boiler
feedwater, cooling tower water and recycled process water in plating facilities
When combined with other water pretreatment and filtration methods, RO may also be used to produce dialysis water for hemodialysis patients and purified water for
laboratory use
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Chapter 4: Saving Money with Reverse Osmosis
Reverse osmosis systems offer an economical solution for producing high purity water and lowering productions costs
When used to treat boiler feedwater, reverse osmosis removes contaminants that would otherwise collect inside the boiler and result in scaling, blow down, and frequent
maintenance By using water purified through reverse osmosis, scheduled maintenance costs are lowered and boiler up-time is increased By extension, the incidence of
unscheduled boiler maintenance events is also reduced, improving service delivery
Reverse osmosis systems also help to extend the life of cooling towers Microorganism growth, scaling, corrosion, and dirt accumulation are all threats to the lifespan of a cooling tower The semi-permeable membrane of an RO filter captures bacterial
organisms and mineral deposits, reducing the threats of microorganism growth, scaling and corrosion Similar to the case for boiler feed water, maintenance and operating costs are reduced
Modern reverse osmosis systems are capable of filtering several million gallons of water per day Industrial reverse osmosis systems typically recover anywhere from 50% to 85% of filtered feed water
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About the Author:
Culligan Industrial Water provides customized industrial water purification systems,
reflecting the amount of water needed, quality level required and application of the
Trang 4purified water For assistance in selecting the appropriate water treatment method for your industrial needs, visit: http://www.culliganindustrialwater.com
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Definitions:
Activated Carbon Filter – A chemically activated charcoal filter commonly used for dechlorination, organics removal and other specialty processes
Hard Water - A common quality of water which contains dissolved compounds of
calcium and magnesium
Membrane
Reverse Osmosis – The process of using pressure to force water through a
semi-permeable membrane and filter out contaminants
Scaling – A hard mineral coating or incrustation formed by the precipitation of salts from water
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Appendix:
Culligan Industrial Water “Reverse Osmosis Systems” (2013)
Water Quality Association (WQA) “Water Softening” (2013)
Culligan Water Learning Center (2013)
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) “Industrial Reuse and Recycle of Wastewaters” (1980)
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