MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY LY THANH TIEN IMPROVING THE LINKAGE EFFICIENCY IN MEDICAL TOURISM SERVICE SUPPLY CHAIN IN HO CHI MINH CITY SUMMARY OF PH.
Trang 1MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
HANOI UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY
-
-LY THANH TIEN
IMPROVING THE LINKAGE EFFICIENCY IN
MEDICAL TOURISM SERVICE SUPPLY CHAIN
IN HO CHI MINH CITY
SUMMARY OF PH.D THESIS
Trang 2MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
HANOI UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY
-
-LY THANH TIEN
IMPROVING THE LINKAGE EFFICIENCY IN
MEDICAL TOURISM SERVICE SUPPLY CHAIN
IN HO CHI MINH CITY
Major : Business Administration Code : 9.340.101
SUMMARY OF PH.D THESIS
Supervisors: 1.Dr Nguyen Quang Vinh
2 Assoc.Prof Dr Kieu The Viet
Trang 3This type of medical tourism is not a new product, it has existed for manyyears Instead of coming for traveling purpose alone, tourists at present switch tothe form of both traveling and medical treatment or health and beauty care Forrecent years, Asian countries, including Vietnam, have been stepping upinvestment, spread and promotion of medical tourism products and there is afierce competition in becoming the leading tourism destination in terms ofhealthcare and medical treatment of the region Currently, national medicaltourism services, in which Ho Chi Minh City plays an important role, can meetthe needs of medical examination and treatment services of people as well asinternational tourists, especially the strengths of curing infertility by artificialinsemination with high success rate; high-quality beauty care and dental cosmeticservices at cheap prices; acupuncture technique; world-recognized traditionalreflexology; rich source of natural medicinal herbs,…
Ho Chi Minh City is a locality with great potential for medical serviceswith professional quality on par with the region, many international-classintensive techniques but at a service price that is 70% cheaper than that of othercountries in the world For the past years, medical tourism services have initiallydeveloped in Ho Chi Minh City In particular, the Department of Health and the
Trang 4Department of Tourism of Ho Chi Minh City signed a memorandum ofunderstanding on the action program between two departments in deployingmedical tourism products, established an interdisciplinary working group ofhealth and tourism Accordingly, the city selected key products in medicaltourism services in terms of health check and disease screening, health care withtraditional medicine, reproductive health, cardiovascular health, skin care,dentistry, plastic surgery, otorhinolaryngology, Public and non-publichospitals registered to participate in providing medical tourism products,including: University Medical Center HCMC, HCMC Dental Hospital, Tu DuHospital, City Children’s Hospital, Dermatology Hospital, OtolaryngologyHospital, Hoan My Hospital, Xuyen A Hospital, Traditional MedicineInstitute,
Ho Chi Minh City is a tourism market with high growth rate and isincreasingly sought by domestic and international tourists Only high-qualitymedical examination and treatment combined with resort for customers in needand payment ability are an opportunity to create a great source of revenue for theCity, on the other hand, also bring a new impetus for the tourism and healthindustries to rise up, towards a convenient, professional and effective integratedservice system Therefore, the city needs to develop a medical tourism servicesupply chain To manage this service supply chain well, the tourism industry andthe medical industry in general and medical tourism service providers inparticular need to understand the factors affecting the supply chain, thereby offersolutions to improve the efficiency of the medical tourism service supply chain.Because the basic feature of medical tourism services is intangible andcannot be stored, this supply chain is largely formed from the connection ofinformation about demand and supply capacity The capacity of the servicesupply chain in general and the medical tourism service in particular is reflected
in the ability to satisfy customer needs through the quality of the providedservice Despite having many advantages in nature and climate, and manydomestic and foreign customers coming for medical examination and treatment,
Trang 5the medical tourism service of Ho Chi Minh City has not really brought into fullplay its potential and not comparable to other countries in the region Most ofthe visitors who come for medical examination and treatment need to gosightseeing and relax
However, many tourists said that planning a medical tourism tour took along time because of little information, the number of medical and healthcaretours at travel agencies is still limited and travel agencies have not utilizedsegment of customers who are tourists – patients On the other hand, investment
in resort services, medical examination and treatment is still quite fragmentedand small, there is a shortage of long-term investments to attract tourists as well
as full potential has not been utilized
From the above fact, the author chooses the topic " Improving the linkage efficiency in medical tourism service supply chain in Ho Chi Minh City" as the
topic of the Ph D thesis, majoring in Business Administration
2 Objectives of the study
2.1 Research purpose
Improve the linkage efficiency in medical tourism service supply chain in
Ho Chi Minh City
2.2 Research mission
(1) Systematize the theoretical basis of the supply chain and the efficiency
of supply chain linkage in enterprises and organizations in general and inmedical tourism service providers
(2) Analyze and assess the actual situation of linkage efficiency in themedical tourism service supply chain in Ho Chi Minh City in 2016-2020 period.(3) Propose some solutions to improve the linkage efficiency in the medicaltourism service supply chain in Ho Chi Minh City
3 Research subject and scope
3.1 Research subject
Trang 6- Actual situation of linkage efficiency in the medical tourism servicesupply chain in Ho Chi Minh City.
- Factors affecting linkage efficiency in the medical tourism servicesupply chain in Ho Chi Minh City
- Experience in linkage efficiency in the medical tourism service supplychain in the world and in Vietnam
3.2 Research scope
- Regarding space: Research the actual situation of linkage efficiency inthe medical tourism service supply chain in Ho Chi Minh City
- Regarding time: Research in 2016 – 2020 period
4 Research questions of the Thesis
To solve the research objectives and missions of the Thesis, the mainquestions are raised, including:
(1) What are the characteristics of supply chain interaction? Whichcharacteristics will affect the compatibility of supply chain interaction? How cancore features be interpreted in a comparative way to facilitate the application?(2) What is the supply chain model of medical tourism services? Why doesefficiency in the medical tourism service supply chain need to be improved?
(3) Which lessons does the experience in improving the efficiency ofinternational and domestic medical tourism service supply chain bring to Ho ChiMinh City?
(4) How do factors inside and outside the supply chain affect the linkageefficiency in the medical tourism service supply chain in Ho Chi Minh City?
(5) How are the horizontal-vertical linkages, medical tourism servicesupply chain integration in Ho Chi Minh City today?
(6) Which solutions will contribute to improving the linkage efficiency inthe medical tourism service supply chain in Ho Chi Minh City in the comingtime?
5 Expected scientific and practical significance
Trang 75.1 Scientific significance
(1) Systematize the following issues: (i) general argument of supply chain;linkage efficiency in the supply chain (ii) factors affecting the supply chain; and(iii) experience in linkage efficiency in the supply chain at enterprises andorganizations around the world and in Vietnam Therefore, the result of the studywill make certain contributions to the completion of theoretical framework on thelinkage efficiency in the supply chain at enterprises and organizations in generaland in the field of medical tourism services in particular
(2) Research result is a work from the combination of academic researchand applied research Therefore, the research result reflects the reliability as well
as complements and develops the methodology in evaluating the linkageefficiency in supply chain
5.2 Regarding practicality
(1) The research result helps researchers and managers of medical tourismservice providers identify the supply chain in terms of methodology and factorsaffecting the medical tourism supply chain, This will be a condition toconduct applied researches or have appropriate solutions to improve theefficiency of the medical tourism service supply chain
(2) The research work can be a reference for those who are interested inlinkage in international tourism service supply chain within provinces and citiesnationwide The research result contributes to improving mechanisms andpolicies related to tourism development, health service and linkages in the healthservice supply chain
(3) The thesis studies the current situation of linkages in the medicaltourism service supply chain in Ho Chi Minh City; The given viewpoints andsolutions can be applied to the practice of developing linkages of medicaltourism service supply chain of the city in the coming time
6 Research Methodology
Trang 8To conduct research on the Topic of the Thesis, the author uses themethodology of dialectics, logic, consistency and qualitative research andquantitative research methods, , specifically:
(1) Methodology: The study is based on the method of dialectical
materialism and historical materialism, which is the common basis forawareness in the research process
(2) Synthesis, analysis and systematization of theory: The author inheritedsome theories from textbooks, survey results and some practical assessments ofeconomists and economists at conferences, seminars, reports on scientificresearch topics and theses related to the linkage in medical tourism servicesupply chain to better clarify the conclusions drawn from the research process
(3) Collection, statistics, synthesis and analysis of data: The author collects
documents from different sources, categorizes and systemizes them into acoherent logical structure according to each scientific issue This method is used
in all 3 chapters of the Thesis, in order to make comments and assessment ofmedical tourism service supply chain
(4) Desk research method: Collect secondary data sources by systematically
using up information technology applications, Internet networks, communicationnetworks; consult with analyses and opinions of experts and managers; use relevantlegal documents, etc The author consulted a lot of useful information for theresearch process
(5) Method of comparison, collation, inference: Based on collected,
filtered, classified and processed secondary information sources, the authoranalyzes, compares and collates in order to assess the current situation of theresearch subject
7 New contributions of the Thesis
(1) The thesis systematizes the theoretical issues of supply chain andlinkage in medical tourism service supply chain, including: Concept of supplychain; Vertical and horizontal supply chain model; Classification ofmanufacturing supply chain and service supply chain; Content of linkage in the
Trang 9medical tourism service supply chain; Factors affecting the linkage efficiency in
the medical tourism service supply chain: Factor of mechanisms and policies ofthe State; Factor of demand and seasonality of medical tourists,…
(2) The thesis collected, did statistics, synthesized data, calculated data,compared and analyzed the actual situation of the medical tourism service
supply chain in Ho Chi Minh City Point out some shortcomings and causes of
limitations in the medical tourism service supply chain in Ho Chi Minh City,such as: The linkage between state agencies at the central level has still not beenvery close in policy building and in administration; The coordination betweendepartments, divisions and branches of the City in developing in the medicaltourism service supply chain has still been limited; The linkage in the medicaltourism service supply chain is not systematic, still fragmented and small
(3) Propose the main directions and groups of solutions that can beapplied to improve the efficiency of the medical tourism service supply chain in
Ho Chi Minh City in the coming time , such as: Solution on mechanisms and
policies to facilitate and promote tourism development and effectively link themedical tourism service supply chain of Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh City;Solution on construction and sustainable development of tourism in Ho ChiMinh City; Solution on training and retraining of high-quality human resources
in the medical tourism service supply chain,
8 Structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, table of contents, list ofabbreviations, list of tables, figures and references, the Thesis is organized in thefollowing chapters:
Chapter 1: Theoretical basis of linkage efficiency in the medical tourism service supply chain
Chapter 2: Actual situation of linkage efficiency in the medical tourism service supply chain in Ho Chi Minh City
Chapter 3: Solutions to improve linkage efficiency in the medical tourism service supply chain in Ho Chi Minh City
Trang 10CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL BASIS OF LINKAGE EFFICIENCY IN THE
MEDICAL TOURISM SERVICE SUPPLY CHAIN 1.1 SUPPLY CHAIN IN ENTERPRISES AND ORGANIZATIONS
1.1.1 Some definitions of supply chain
For managers around the world, supply chain is a strategic asset According
to Christopher M (2011) [1] “A supply chain is a network of organizations thatare involved in linkages of upstream and downstream flows according todifferent processes and activities to create value in each product for customers”.According to Lambert DM and Ellram LM (1998) [2] "Supply chain is thelinkage between companies that are responsible for bringing products or services
to the market"
In short, the definition of supply chain is understood in many different
ways, some are abstract, some are specific, some are general, according to the
author " Supply chain is a collection of three or more enterprises that directly or
indirectly connect by one or more flows of products, services, information and finance in the process of meeting customer requirements”.
1.1.2 Supply chain model
1.1.2.1 Vertical supply chain model
The vertical structure of the supply chain reflects the number of levelsalong the chain length The distance from the first supplier to the last customer
is the vertical distance of the chain The functional level-based identification ofchain members allows identification of focal member Some chains andcustomers identify focal member (enterprise, organization) through the brand ofthe original product first, whether or not that enterprise has a manufacturingfunction The focal member holds a process management relationship for thefirst level of customer and supplier; Keep a supervisory relationship for the 2nd
level onwards; The relationship is not in the form of process management forfurther levels; relationship is not among members in and out of the chain
Trang 111.1.2.2 Horizontal supply chain model
The horizontal organizational structure reflects the number and type ofmembers at each relationship level Studying the horizontal supply chain modelwill see the number of members and their relationship in the same function Themembers of this supply chain can be both competitors and potential customers
of each other, they have contracted with each other to fulfill orders that will fail
to be fulfilled if there is only one member
1.1.3 Basic components in the supply chain
Enterprises and organizations involved in the supply chain are constantlylooking for ways to improve the efficiency of managing dynamics in the supplychain Each organization strives to maximize the productivity of thesedepartments through a combination of outsourcing, business collaboration andin-house professional consultation The basic components in the supply chain[4] include: (i) Manufacturing – (ii) Transportation – (iii) Location – (iv)Information
1.1.4 Supply chain management
Supply chain management includes the collaborative activities ofenterprises to leverage strategic planning and improve operational efficiency.For enterprises when participating in the supply chain, each relationship reflects
a strategic choice The concept of supply chain management also means anetwork of business relationships in order to improve efficiency by eliminatingduplication and low productivity Supply chain management is associated withalmost all activities of an enterprise, from planning and managing the process ofsourcing, purchasing, manufacturing finished products from raw materials,logistics management,.… to coordination with partners, suppliers,intermediaries, service providers and customers
1.1.5 Classification of supply chain
1.1.5.1 Supply chain in manufacturing
Supply chain in manufacturing includes: (1) Planning: This process
includes all necessary steps related to planning and organization of activities for
Trang 12the remaining three processes; (2) Search for the source of goods This activity
is to help enterprises compare the strengths or weaknesses of different suppliers,thereby serving as a basis for choosing the most perfect supplier for the
enterprise; (3) Manufacturing It can be said that this is the most important
activity in the entire supply chain, it is the quintessence of the previous two
stages and the stage that helps enterprises generate profits; (4) Distribution Is a
process of fully synthesizing operations to bring products to consumers Thiswill include specific time and space factors along with distribution channels tobring the products to the market
1.1.5.2 Service supply chain
(1) In the trend of globalization and knowledge economy, services play anincreasingly important role in the economy, contributing to promotingmanufacturing, circulation and distribution of goods and promoting thedevelopment of trade in goods in national and international scope When theeconomy develops at a high level, people have more demand for products andservices such as cosmetic, medical examination and treatment, education,entertainment, etc., and the consumption trend marginal with services is muchlarger than the tangible product
A service supply chain consists of many related enterprises that are jointlyinvolved in the objective of providing a certain type of service to the market.The objective of the service supply chain also focuses on satisfaction with thecustomer requirements and optimization of the costs of the chain The structure
of a service supply chain can vary from a simple chain of connections to a vastmulti-level network with participating member entities
1.2 LINKAGE EFFICIENCY IN THE MEDICAL TOURISM SERVICE SUPPLY CHAIN
1.2.1 Medical tourism service supply chain
1.2.1.1 Concept of medical tourism service
Appearing thousands of years ago, Medical Tourism [5] was formed in thefootsteps of Greek pilgrims from the Mediterranean to Epidauria where the god
Trang 13of healing was worshiped, founder of Asklepios Medical Industry Up to now,medical tourism has become popular and has become a service industry on aglobal scale, more expanded and diversified, including purposes of resort,beauty care, Medical tourism service is tours in which a person in need ofmedical treatment will go abroad, to a place where a hospital or medical centerprovides health or medical care at a relatively affordable rate Moreover, thesepatients often stay abroad after completing medical procedures and takeadvantage of the time to go sightseeing, participate in day-time trips orparticipate in any other traditional tourism activities.
1.2.1.2 Types of medical tourism services
The process of developing the medical tourism service industry ofcountries around the world can be classified into 3 different types:
(1) Inbound medical tourism service or domestic medical tourism service
[6] is also called to be local medical tourism service, is when individuals travel
from one province, city or state to another in their same native country to searchfor and use health care, medical examination and treatment services
(2) International medical tourism or cross-border medical tourism service, this type is quite well known in the countries of the European Union,
thereby workers, migrants and retirees will travel from one country to anotherfor medical care
(3) Medical tourism service “Diaspora” is the migration of a group of
people, of the same ethnic origin, from the settlement land or ancestral land.This is a special type of medical tourism for people who have a cultural identityconnection or a family connection in the destination country for medicaltourism
1.2.2 Supply chain of medical tourism products and services
1.2.3 Linkage efficiency in medical tourism service supply chain
1.2.3.1 Concept of linkage in medical tourism service supply chain