Mấy vấn đề về lược khảo văn học (3. Nghiên cứu và phê bình văn học) - Phần 2

Nối tiếp phần 1, phần 2 của tài liệu Mấy vấn đề về lược khảo văn học (3. Nghiên cứu và phê bình văn học) tiếp tục cung cấp cho bạn đọc những nội dung về: phê bình văn học; những quan niệm phê bình cũ; những quan niệm phê bình hiện đại, chưa được áp dụng vào trong văn học Việt Nam; giới hạn mọi phê bình văn học;... Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo!

Vao khoang 1934-35, cod mQt cai «djchll phe binbMU' Le Thanh da ghi trong "Cuon so'van hQclt :

·.gio nhii'ng chi, nhii'ng to- bao, xuat ban vaonhfrng namay, ta nhan nhan nhii'ng bai phe binh)).Sirih pbe binh<Y ttU'&c ta b£t dau nhfrngbAi sach trong cae chi, chu-a co nhfrng tac

pM bioh va ciiog chtra co nhii'ng ly thuyet,quan pM binh 1'0

Nhfrng bai pM binh trong cac bao thU'o-ng chiS1h5.m mQc dich gi6-i sach m&i xuat ban, khOngphai do nhfrng ngU'o-i chuyen hiln ve pM binh, ma dochinh nhfrng nba van bien

N6i cho dung, hau het nhiing bai diem sach nay

Qiing khOng dAng gQi la pM blnh vi m9c dichthU'O'nghay nhiing It dO clui quan ca thU'o-ng U

Wntluheach dn

hOc-ta ph! Mrth bing tfch khen bay ch! ,AkJien ch! tUy nhtl" tac 8ii cuOn c6 cUng pbe alnh.

1I\J theo tac thieU 'eam'-ha, ty

D&i khi liri qua tiing Itti -glhcae chi khoDl-C6ag khuyah hri , u(jo,tQbh: ahitDB btit •

.•lIUJIg tr$a chli-i baLm"t sat-oh,au m9t ;de-1ICaohf

Diy g1lr·khi' nghi den ,nft&ng NM't Linh!

f)to Lan Nguyin 00'" Hoan v.• chuag tachi

elHl biit nhfrng tic ph cU3.he}; nhung neu {dQc tp

llbiing to- bao rna h9 ch1i t1'U'O'llI _1 tk;va

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1hl nhO nhen, tien c;ic.h, -pi dell

(thE 4p khi nghi y:{1 ll}).•it ,chien

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VaQ tra cfi. m6'i thvc SV c6 nhitnw

'1»li phe,bmh dUngdin ya -<:6 tac

blilhth1}"C sti It thuyet pM binb

bay gic7, via con' etuve xu d1lJ2g.

mien Naill.ngtf;Oi yin cbVa qua ml!t» dU'VC

cttoD tia,:Dtrimt quallg HAm, nbA

J,TGON NGD" VAN CHUaNG

Kieu cua bach Khoa; con(y ngoai Bac, chU'athoat khOi thu- duy gUo dieu, khOng phai de raltboi Mn chu nghia duy nhU'ng it ra de vU'O'n t,H

rnQt thu- duy ((Sang suot» coi mOo kieu Lukacs,hay Goldmann

Dieu cbtlyla 0- mien Nam, c6 dieu ki?n tieptnu nhu ng quan meri cua tay phuO'ng tir nai mU'O'inlrn nay ho-n, ma kh6ng co nhfrng TrU'O'ng 'fuu,Vfi ng'Qc Phan khac ap nhfrrg quan meri d6

cua Tuyen, ve Chinh phlJ ngam, De

long Van v6i «Nguon uU'6c trong thO' Hi) xuanHuO'ng) ehU'a phai Ia nhfrng ap thanh cong haymhfrng cong trinh dang rna loi thoat khOi 1'lhfrng.(;l.n dl1'Crng moD

Mt;1c dieh chU'O'ng nay Hong ph.ii nhiim trinh baylieh sir phe binh van hQc Vi?t-nam, ding kh3ng phitnham gi6i tat cd nhfrng quan van hQc cuathe gio i nhU'ng de 5th cho van de ra & ehU'O'ngba: Ngon ngiT Van chlrO"ng va phe van hQc :qua sinh ho.t phe binh, qua nhfrng quan phe blnh

£6 phe binh dU'Q'c khOnl!' the n?iO la phe blnht va

la gi6i etia.mc;>i phe binh ?

N6i each khac khong phai dirngaquan diem phebiah

van hQc de trinh bay lieh su pM binh van hQc, nhtrng'" quan diem ly van hQc de phe binh pM blnh van

NGuyh¥ vANTRUNG

nhlm tim hi'u bin cbitt, tang cU. pht

bleh van hQ(: qua quaa niem ph! blnh vln h9C

sinh hott phi "mh ,

Trong vien ttrQ'ng d6, chU'O'ng nAy se chi

sO nhung quan ph! binh cii eta dU'g'Cap d(tngvie vinh9C vam9t sonhii'ng quan m&i

etang bien 0- Au-Ch£iu nhU'Dg chU'a 4U'Q'c

eli&-lIl9i phe blah trong chU'O'ng ba

Nhii'ng quan niem pM binh ci1 nhU': ph! binhluSn phe binh an tU'9"ng chu quan giao dieu, phe:

binh gUo khoa, ph! blnh tam Iy va ph! blnh xa Mi.

Jdta slob e4a Same t&m phan h9C vtt cMt ella

Bac1telard, tim phan binb etia C Maul'On, phC binbcoo dl, pile blnh CO'ciu

r lVG6N NGO' VAN CHUaNG

PH1N I

Phi blnh 6n-tU'C]'ng chu quan, g160

PM biob an tU'gng la mQt hU'&ng phe bioh khOngchit dich tim hi€u if nghia gia trj khach quan euatac nhwng Ul hay to nhfrng phan ang chu quanc·,ja ngtr<'ri dQc, tac ngU'&i phe binh di tim minhtrong tac eua ngU'&i khac nMn dQc tokeua ngU'Cri khac, bay to nhfrng tUc mk, tam,nhfrllg yeu thich eua chfnh minh nhU' Anatole de

France da n6i: «nba phe binh gioi la ngtr&illhfrng cUQc phieu IU'u eua long minh qua cae

Phe binh tU'gng dU'a den thai dQ thU'Crng

ngU'&i dQc chi muon t?O dU'gc nhfrng cam giac khoankhoai ve tinh thlM1 bay ve my khi tiep xuc vo-ltac Do d6 pM binh an ttrQ'ng c6 tinh each sang

vi nha pM binh gop them y kien, cam xuc ctiaminh v&i tac gia

:qinhien trong khi bay to nhfrng cam tU'Crng,phe binh an tU'Q'ng khong tranh khOi st}' khen che, d

thea che khong khOng can cit.' va-o nhiing tieu

chuln ttOl1g ahi't111 tl!u chulu cbinh phil U9'P vcYi

4bi hOi 40 thU'o-ng ngoJtl Ii: «tac phlm hay

khi n6 t$o'd\t9'c tungcam nghe

, NhU'ug h!n dt ca nhirng tieu chuln cua nb"phe binh an tU'Q'ng chu quan vi rUSlg cam IfthuQc sO- thfch chu quan cua m&i ngU'o-i

PM blnh an tU'Q'ng c6 dnh each giao di!u· khi dl

pM blnh muon gan cho nhiing cam tU'ang phe phaad"a do cM quan cua mlnh mQt gia trj phl> bien -

dic quan trQng phan quan

pM binh tU'9'ng vo-i tat ca nhirng quan

1a aha pM biGh tU'Q'ng hob t03n Qu-ng trong lanh

V1!Cvan chU'O'ng khong dung nhfrng ylu tiS ngoai v.anchU'O'ng nhU' cuQC dai tac gi:i tho-i tim Iy,

xi Mi gi:ii thieh van chU'O'ng Noi each

pM binh chi eM y den tic tach van chU'csg

1'akhoi sir xli h9i tho-i dii cua tic gao ]);rngIii {T

tanh V1!C vlbt chU'O'ng, nha binh chi muon nhiadinh cau van hay dO-, cOt dUitg ,khOng h9'P Iy, tuy phe blah giai thfeh

sao d\ta trenm9'qUailnitm030 ncU'

hay ve thttc 1$i, 11. xl &fl.••

: NOON NGfJ" V AN CHUaNG

net tren ctia 16i pM blnh an tlrQ'ng Cotim thiy 0- no-i m¢t so nha phe blnh cfau tien nhU' Bao-duy Anh, Thieu Son, Hoai Thanh, Vfi ng9c Phan,

Tftr0'ng Chinh •

Ong f)ao duy Anh mqt nha n ghien cu-u dl1nhU'ng kbi di vf10 phe binh ong theo quan 50t1.rQ'ng Oug dinh Kieu, !1ghien cu-uStr tU' ttro-ng cua Du, nhU'ng khong dung nhii'ngs1! kien thu-c do giai tJ:tichvan chU'O'Tlgtt Kieu

trM oag chu trtrO'ng mQt· thai dQ thU'o-Dg khi

dQc van chtfO'ng Kieu nhU" ong· da viet: (,{chung

ta sO- di yeu chuQng Kieu khOng phii vi no Colam skh Iy cho d&i, rna chi vi trongsich 5y Du da dung nh frog Uri van

de rung dQng tam hon ta ,» ma lai van than 5y

theo hQ Bao «khOng ai la khOng cam thOng! NhU'ngbiet het cat hay 5y Ia dieu rat khO, ma

giai thich cho ra het cai tinh vi khUc ay la dieukh6 nUal)

OngThieu SO'n trong «(PM bloh d Cio (I9'Jt

rie dinh mt;1c dich ctia phe binhIa a:dqc dum cho ngtririkhac', nghIa 13 n6i len cai nghia ly eua cau caih;1Y dO- ella lai van, nhtrng Thieu Soon khOng cho biEtcar C1Z V20 diu Dc djnh cai hay dir, nghia It va vi

·n8 NGuyt.N VAN TRUNG'

Iy ella rn9t tae N6i deh khac, nhu-ng dinh

pM phan, Soon de ra chi cO dnh cach C' ;; quan

va gi;io dieu Ngoai'fa trong tae phe bin! Thieu'Soon llhlm pM binh nhiing nhin nha val" hl'o'ngth6'i, nhU'ng Thitu SO'n dt it cM j den' ,; , gi&i

ty mi sir, than va s't! cua , \ van

va nhat la khOng dting nhfrng kien thtrc ve : ':u sir,

·than the lOt;' gidi thick van chttcyngeu: lCgii.Nha phe binh di vao tac gil !ac pham nhu' timmQt stf gO' doi va doi chut," -panhllhfrng \Ian de rna chinh nha pM bioh th:ie mftc, y.

Thieu Soon da ehi coi tae gia minh pM binh nh11' m¢t-cO' h9i eng neu len m<}t van de, m<}t van de rna e6tae gia da de va nha pM blnh lay ban themtAn rQng, de roi bay to quan diem cia mlnh

'1, khOng dongy v&i tac gia, hay ca t'(1ng taegia

hoic dinhehfnh bi) khuyet nhiing y t11'o-ng da tac

gii ma nba phe blllh cho la ihieu x6t, hay khong h9'P IY.Thieu SO'n khOng nham tdnh bay m9t each eo'Mthong mq.ch l:;le eM trUOODg cua mQt tac gia, phannhfrng diem cUa m9t nha van, lam n6ib$t th't!c dQc dao cua m6i tac gia; trai 8ng,chi 19'i d'(1ng nhfrng tac pham cia ngU'o-i khac de suy

w. va bay to thai cam nghi cua ong ve nhfrng van4i ollg neu len.

NG()N NGtt VAN CHiTaNG

nay thuo-ng dti'a 15i nhln !in dati qlUll

thcH tbU'o-ng ve phuO'ng dien pJae

Tach van chU'O'ng ra khoi ca nhii'nl Il kh5ngpbai yan chtrO'ng, coi van chuO'ng itbt, mQt iioi biet

m9t cu-u dnh t\1' 1:>6 13 quan npe 1flu3t

vi va ding la quan phe bloh ter9'ng,Nha phe blnh khong mn tac pUm vo-i lich air vanhQc, su- tac thM d:'j.i t?C gil va dung ahii'ng kilnthu-c ve van hQc sirJ tMn tM tac tho-i c giigi;ii thfch van chuO'ng Khi viet «Thi nhan Yitt-nam»Hoai Thanh tuy c6 cho' ta hiet qua loa ve tieu sir 811'

cua nba thO', nhung khong dung nhii'ngS1!

d6 vao tim hieu tho' cua hQ

Trong nhfrng hM hao viet ngM phe hlnhdang 0- cae chi Trang an, Tieu thuyet th'U' bay v.v.

nhat la nhung hai troog cUQc tranb ve nghe

vi nhan sinh hay vi ngM hoi I935-I936

HoM Thanh (fa hay to res quan di!m vi nght

va pM blnh 5n tU'9'ng

Trtr6'c rnQt tac bai thO' nhu Kieu,Hoai Thanh cho rang khOng nen giai thich dt nghia.nhit 12 giai thfch cb nghia Mng nhfrng Iy do, t6

, NGuyAN vAN TRUNG

dieh khong phai C'lia hal thO', de ma

chi nen rung cam boa dong vi g;ai thieh dt nghia

Setieu chat.thO', chat van ehtrO'ug:« Chat thO'bang trong can phai dtrQ'c cam tMydeh hOn nbien.-Cir phan tach, giang giai n6 se tan die

mn day phai im hO'i phii btr6'c meri hong nMnthay cli khi diu dang thuy khi traug huyho}ng»

Trong bal {( van phe binh» Hoai Thanh quan

mQt tfnh akh : tim cai tim cal trong tlJ'

binb•••

«Nitavan pbai 00 mQt tam hon gi3U tinp cam

I JH1gdQng tr1.!Vc mQi cai t\1'nlden;nhl phe'blnh

elng ph3i e6 m9ttam hon guu tin,b camhiltrungtruO'c cai dl;Ptrong van Rup.g mQt cacbt\1

&hi@n Kh6 la 0- eM nay. Ch4ngt\; phaD deu

m:ang nhfrng thanh nbir.:,g qQin·do hoan dnb do sach vbtlem nbiem tir }Au doin vi tht

UtrCrng c6 ve chenb t.ch

muon pb@' binil mQt thO' hay m¢t'.ylntfUtYC hlttaphii qutnmQi thinh kien ,phaidQcmQleacht\1' nhitn; phai Ittim tri.minh ._h tvnhitn Xe.m van nhtr t,W.mbi dsn

NG6N NGt! VAN CHUaNG

L11c dliu khang nen tim uguyln nhlo vi sao 1$1 hay ;

c6-t tim m6i cam se hcic lit lSi, hoij,c khong th1,fc))

T.T, thu- 7-s6-35 :.26-II-Ig3r

Va c1u sau day bAy to thai thuo-og 16i phe blnh tU'9'ng : «Van chU'O'ng muon gi thl gi,trU'O'c ding phai 11 van chU'O'ng da., MQt bai van

cua-hay a mQt bong hoa Lam sao ngU'Cri ta l:;ti cU' ep bongboa phai thanh qua 1a ngbia Iy gi "? MQt ti hU'O'Dg manmac luc canh trU'cYng, nhii'ng m!u xinh tU'O'i rung rinhdU'6'i anh treri -khi ban s6':n khien cho kbach giang

ho nbii'ng n6i nh9c matron"g cb6c lat huo-Dirnhfrng phut say sU'a, nhU' ch£ng du cho 4 i

hoa hay sao)) (Trang an 15-8-35)'

'(rong mQt bai bao khac, Holi Thanh cbi tclchahfrng ngU'o-i pM binh dai qua, chi biet nhungciu khen chf' r6i trich m Qt Jam d5n chirrg

va doi hOi nha phe binh <l pMi thay coli sk

cua van, ph3i n6t 1'0 van ay hay eachcan phai Yden ahfrag phan dong dQc gi3 xem qua.kh6ng yden )) ding dn phai co sang t$O :

«nhu-ng y kiea cUa nha phe bi nh CO khi chlnh tac giasach kh8ng ngh; den 1I (TT thit' bay so 63

14- 9-193 5).

NGUYEN V.4.N TRUNG

-hay _ca·4.p, nhfrng deu chu5n d6 c6 gia tri pho

haly kht>ng

T.ng th\fc te "lnb, Hoai Thanh ding 'chi biet,d\fa va di cantIVC qu n, khieu th1m my chU quae cttaminh • dinh khen che rnathai

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V DI<te Ph,n 13 tac gia bQ • nba van »

ma aay C1 mien Nam con dtrQ'c trQng dt;1ng.lh\fc ra Vii ngQc Phan chi c6 rotlg dl mQt bQ sachday dugj{Yi cal'Dba van thai tienchien Thf thOi quan pM binh va dinh-pM binh trong bg sach co mQt gia tri dit dang nghi,nglY, la d6i v&i chUng ta agay nay

vi chi l'd€n nhat IIItaC pbZim hi?\'1 d?J,khOng can xet t6'i siX, CU9C Oal nha van Trong

Nha van hi?n trtr tam anh eu;> 11M van

fNOON NGtJ' Tl'iN' ciiuaNG

!Vii ngQc Phan khong cho dQc gia biet gi ve ngay s;nh

van-vachi gi6'i thi?u ngay tac cia van

R<>i (ft'rng trong Hinh vtyc thuan tuy van

Vii ngQc Phan ding chi y pM ph:incAu van hay. c5t kheo hayv"(l.ng, hoJe xet xem nha van

vanc6 dung van chlnh tci hay khOng, quan

tatmatac6 dung lI1f th1!c hay kh6ng, di VaG nhfrngchi tietdt v"(l.n ma khang nhtm pb:lc 1193

khung clnh nhu-ng dV dinh tong quat can ban

ella nha van

Vii ngQc Phan da ue! 0< dau gf{ri

11t:a b1:nh phU'Q'ng ph?p phe blnh cia miuh: «Oli

phtrO'ng phap cot yeu ctia nha pM binh chan chinh va

c6 tai Ia trong m9t v-an nhu-ng dl hay vanhu-ngcai dert pMi noi C·) ro SaO mlnh ehola hay

va sao minh eho Ia roi phai n6i neu da thica·a pMi lam nhtr the n3(':o <:\:0 hay, vi neu (fa hay thlcan 13m the naG cho h;"':! hO'Il nih Ba quannay trong phep pM blnh [,";0 gify cung pMi dl sat vai

nhau thi S1f pM biah m,:':-j c6- the coi l.a &y ati. Mqtnha pM bloh Anh (fa t6m ift ba dieu trQng ba chii'nay: What, Why va How, ,Ra sao, sao, va g m the

11aO 1I trang Is8 :,';:j1 van HE>)

Trong th1fc te phe bLh! ngtro-i ta tMy qua tMtVii ngQc Phanda chi eMj d(ncau van hay do-

r;GTJYEN VAN TRUNG

.cot dung hay phu.ng la Vii ngQc Pha n

da din c{r V2.0nhii'ng tieu co pM ph;1n(van phai can xu-ng: deo gQt, tam11 thOng thU'o-ng),,cng ·d'ing chi long khen che roi trich vann;la

giai thich q.isao, nMt la thich theo quannghe thtp t Mn hoi vacIS tinh cachkhoa hQc cMngcAu van hay vi hinh anh da J:tU'Q'c cau nhU' 1M nao.tthifng chcr da dU'Q'c ghep lam sao, can c{r vaO nhih.g

Vu ngQc -Phan khong c6 I, thuilt phe blah vl

t:ung c!l.tng theo h£n mOt 11 thuyet oao r5 ret,

cng hay lienhe nhii'.,g dinh cua eng vao

pMn doan cua cac nba phe blnh tay pbU'ong va lam chongU'<ri ta co cam -tlro-ng eng lay nbii'ng nha van, nhungnba phe blnh tay phU'O'ng lam Heu chuln pM p!l:annhfi'ng nha van Vi?t nam

Lay mQt vi pM bloh KMi HlJ'ng khai ViirgQc Phan da Iv Q'C ke nhu ng ctia Khai Htfng

va phe bang nhfrng c'unhtr : «Trong mii khOn6 dU'Q'cthilt th\1'c, nhU'ng ai da dQc diog d.eu phai chu ylo-i van tr:k va bat ngatcua KhaiHU'ng «Roiongtrich mQt -chirng, rna khong gioii thich uong a6

trac bat ngat b c:.h6 nao va the nao.

ong Hen doi chien eiu van ly tU'o-ng cUt

de gia v6-i mgt -eauvan y tr&ng d6 cua mQt nhavan tay phU'O'og : «Cai 161 lip mgtycao nhU' ng.trQoi

"NG6N NGtJ' V AN CHua KG

ta thU'Crngthay trorg n' tl'ng ng:b c&a Ana-E>fe

chti t 12'0'118 roail:ghi » ( ;jp. trang 34)

N6i each nhfrng xet phe phan coa Vi]

ng-Qc Phan ve cot 1&! van hlu ret <feu (6 ltnh

c?cu gili churrhfrng dm tU'o-ng, phan trng cr,u quancUa ngtt'OoiaQCva nhfrng cau van trich vinkhOng ph;»

de t:Sch mot deh khoa rQc, mQt quantI1U?' rna chi de hI'( c};o ell-mt\fo-ngt phan {rng chu qu::m".ital1},a pH binh

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T r l1'O'ngChf.nh cling theo mQt15i pM blohfU'e'''V t1,t'cuaThieu 50'n : 19'i d{lr g tac pI ella ng'i'O'i kha de

bay to nhfrng van de, nhfrng tinh cam rua minh,·oi

la se tandong qu.n ni{ m (ua tac ga viphtl J1Q'p

"Yo-iquan cua mir h, Ja eM bai, hay ban rqogthem de tac gia neu len, de nban nJq,nh "lao tamquan trQng tinh each tr)im trl;lDg ctia n6 cM: g khiTrU'O'ng Chinh phe binh «f)oq,n cua N-a' Linhhay

«Thanh nien S.OSo eua T1U'O'ng Tim, eng bay tb s1,t'

yeuaang ve nhfrng van de xa hQi tn', Nhat Linh

va TrU'O'ng Tu-u, da neu len, nhfrng van Seding lam c-hoang ban khoan, mai, va pM blnh 0- doi v60i

,ilng chila gi6ng them tieng chuong cho van de tro-tbanh trQng, cap bach hO'n :II

Vande tbanh nien trQ,Y Iq,C, vi the Ja van di

NCUYEN VAN TRUNG

quan can pbaigiaiquyet ngay, No lien

thiet dtn tt'O'ng tai nei giong ta :ll' {Dtt'&i toi,

t:ang13B

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M(>t eua .! pHbinhan tU'(tng,

ella quan, gHo dieu Iil 1i,:, '1"; dlJ'a vic nhfrng yeu t5

ngoaivan ":HrO'ng detim "1(;' va giai t1;;:chvanchU'O'ng

(dnetr v> an-hQc sir, v;; \"','-Geri, t1;« Qq.!tacgia,

vilo-1uaAnl'y :?:,' ",y, a h6"_,1v,V _, t",ng kh" !lu;?ng" quan nly'"'''A_

phebinh g:"J khoa, luan ly, 't :'rr> Iy, Xa-)<i deu d\fa

-vao-Li::h SLf, nh- rng to van c',:i-',:tng de timvan eh'lO'Dg Nha p:le bi:nh da dJi din e-tr vao-

c p am vatwng tac pnam em xet {1l-n 1-a

Quan phe blnb chi C?;1 cu- VaGtac ph!im-k-hongdung, ciing khong sai, vi laffi'?t !l;adlQU m'}t quantrong nhieu quan M¢t quat?- ni(m phe hinh

(phe biah chii de"C:i,i.Ci etC pM binh

CO'cau cititique structurale) (-Ling chi din elf vao tac

Nhu'ng nh'fng quan phc b nn nay that:

lSi phe blnh tU'gng dl ,rC.hai U'U \ii:m :

tIlQtdch khoa.hQc; din cu-vao n,'.2'ngkiev 'thu-,c ve ngfr1:9c, n 5tr'phap",-but phap hQc, Ij tuo-ug ttt'Q'og 511'

-binll thana mQt van hh, S\f t<}-o mgt -cau van

(-I) .e nei den aphln n

.NOON NOU V ANCHUaNG

2 - Tren phU'O'ng nQ.i dung: hQ ding khOng

b6 Hmly,.Xii MiT Triet 19 'Ii hQ tim Iy

Triet Iy X3 hQi, nhU'ng la tir tac khOng phii layt:lm 19 Xli-h9f, triet It khaeh quan giai thieh tac

Ghinhu- mQt philn aon cua nhung th1fe khOng ph2i-van ehU'O'ng,

Trai qual'\" 3a tU'9'ng 13 aii chi

ltlng bay to nhn ng dm ttro-ng rung dQng eua nha phl

blnh khi dQe fa: 13 gicii thich theo nhii'ng

tieu ehU quan cO dnh each giao Hoon nih

bO nhii'ng lib cuet:k ph11m v6'i tac gia, theri

la nMngi 'l'i tim nhat)a d6i v&i nhii'ng

degia khuyet danh hay vo dat,h

Phi binh 9160 khoa

ta :nQt loi phebinh c6n rat thfnh Mnb Hau hetRhung sach giao vanhQc sUo, hay sac\} pM

binll tfic gia nay deu it nhieu' d1!a tren quan

phe bloh nay ThO'i tJcn chien, m9t so nha'binh nhtr Tran thanh Le Thanh, Kicu thanhDtrO'ng qcang cii,ng eta: ap d\lng nhfrng doi hi?i

cuaphtrO'ng phap phe binh giao

diem eua phU'O'og phap nay la dung van 1i9c'

sUo,Cu9cd<ri, thoi clla t.kgia tim va; cua gia Do d6 pM bloh giao khoa khac v&i phiblnh:lti tUQ'ng vi lien tac pharo v6'i tac gia, th(rinhtrng cflng khac nhfrng phtrO'l1gphap dt}.'avaoTim It,

XlihQi h9C,Triet bQc,nghiatanhfrng yeuto khOng phac

van chtrO'ng degi3i thich, clt nghia van chuO'ng

NgtrCri tieu hO'n ca cita phU'O'ng phap phe \:'Ii gi30 khoa la Lanson taC van hQc sir Phap IItHistoire de 1a literatune francaise) xuat ban vao

the ky XIXva nay cflng \'h con dU'Q'c dung trong

cae nha trU'<rng Trong bai 11!a, Lanson d5 phac hQanhung doi hoi, nhu-ng lam cbinh cua nba phe 'binh

Y dinh eua Lanson rl1t khiem ton: giup di'ahu-ng ngtroi mM btr6'c vao dia van hQc (hQc sit,hsieh vien) hieu van chU'O'ng va hieu Mng each giai thichIjeh sirvanhQc nghla 13 tac tac giaV30 trong.van hQc sUo Htr6'ng t;p1 hilu chia lam hai

, lfG6N NGfJ'vANCHUO'NG

x.- Tim d6'i s(Sng t!c gia ma Lanson

cho-dng colien Mden tac

2 -Bloh van bang each tim hieu xuat xtr, nguilngoc ban van, xac dinh anh htrlrng t;ac gilda nMn dU'Q'c

vl yva 1<'ri Van

Tinh th3n pM blnhla tim lzieu hO'n H ph!ph:5n doan Noi each khac, co going trinh blyeach tbanh blnh, khach quan vai thai dl? rnl?t ngU'&iaghien ctru M\1c dieh 1a chi l:)m sao xac djnh dU'Q'Cdung nhirng S1,1' va tim ra dU'Q'c nhieu511"lien quan den' dlu tac veYtU'o-ng,c6t l&i van, ma khOng co v<;>ng ci1:t nghia

tac pharo nhirng1y do quan ngoai vb ohtifO'Jlgd1,1'3 vao lam 1y, xa hOi hQC)

Trong tinh than tim cho dtrQ'c nbieu 81;1' vaI\t' xac dang, nha pM binb se eo tim nhfrngchi trong do-i song tac gia, nhitng bien ci5 da xay

ra trong cUQc deri tac gia, nhfrng hOaD dnh songvai nhfrng ngU'&i, chung quanh tac gia, d1i lienquan the 0;;0 den nhfrng yttl-ang, nhirng khung canh:hay nhfrng tinh t1,1' gia rno ta !rong tac pham

nhtr m¢t caicO-,cal dip cho tac gia lambatthO' do, hay cai khung cho t:k gii xay d1,1'og cat!1

d6 ; nha pM bioh eung se danh taft flhfrng thien

nl9 nhii"ng diem toi, nghiva. d&i song tAclia

dmnbfrng s\1' xacdmh nguon goc, xuatxli' diu van

va anh hU'Crng nha van aa nMn :

.-Tac pham c6 phaia dung tac pham v)in dU'Q'c nhin

!thIn kh6ng, c6 phai la dung cua dc gia van dU'Q'c gangbep khong, nha phe binh dU'a ra nhfrng cii mMdoi chieu, pM phan nhfrng ykien da pMt lien quanden tac tac gia b1ng ca<:h co tim dU'Q'c nhfrng ban

VaD chU'a ai tim rae Roi trong chinh diu van, xac dinh'anh hU'Crng ctla nha van da uy d\fng c3U ,vall

CMng ve ytu:&ng nay tac gia da dQc dU'Q'c .(y tac

,gill nay Cr cuon sach kia, 16i van nhU' tbe nay

Ia vi da chju anh hU'o-ng cu.a nhfrng tac gia nay manba van U'a thich Nha pM biah se trich de minbchu-ng nhfrng qua quyet tren cua minb chir kbOhg phaidli dU'a ra nhfrng qua quyet co dnh each vo flo13mQt cong trinh nghien ctru tim kiem khoa hQc, d\fa vaGlich sir giai thich s\1' hlnh thanh va cau tac pham

ti; LyttrCrngIatim ra dU'Q'c nhieu s\1' xac dangcho

moivan deneu len nhlt' Lansondavi& :«Um sao Mlam

NGON NGfJ' vAN OHUcnlG 13x

dU'<?,c cho mtH c5u 8\1' ban van haymQty nghi ali rung dQng lytei hay oc tU':Yng tU'<?,ng eua

de gia».

Di nhien, nba pM phai la mQt nha hac hQcthong th?o van chU'O'ng kiD} trong nu-6'e, va ca vanhQc sUo the gie-i, nbat ta nhfrng van hQcStr lien denvan hQcStrquoc gia cua minh, biet nhieueO ngfr va

ngfr, am nhfrr.g khoa hQc lien M den phe binh vanhQc nhU' ngfr hQc, ngfr pbap, tu tirhQe, but phap hQc v.v

co tim xuit xU-, qui djnh anh hU'cYng,

d6i so sanh phe pMn

Loi phe binh giao khoa khOng aU'a ra nhfrng Iy

thuyet van ngM to tat giai thfch van ehU'O'ng, ma.chi khai thac nhfrng thu-c Itch' sUo lien quan den

tac (thuQC db'i song tac gia, hay thuQc ve van

hQc sir) giup cho ngU'b'i chU'a quen thuQc vanchU'O'ng, hieu van chU'O'ng

Phe blnb giao khoa ding thU'o-ng oU'a oen xiii

G1!ng van hQc sir vi oa chi co the tim hieu mQttac pUm neu tac vao ttong Ijch 'Str

b? lac cua tacgia, va toan bQ dc ctrat:.ic giavao trong mQf tlao IU'u, mQt giai vanhQc sir.

thanh M:}i trong nhii'ng cu6n khao Traa ,

XuO'ng, Han mic Ttrali theo Ioi phe bloh khoa h9c'

NGUYEN VAN TRUNG

\:hacb quan eli tir.l nbirng lien quan do-is5ng lac gia de glallhieb mQt 811 van chtrO'ngnbtr engda (yhai t11a euon Han Trr :

IV&i nhirng phtrO'ng pMp m6'i xu-a nay cbU'a tirnl-c6 trong ljch sUo vap h9c - nam, toi da pMn dch ra1:itngcrr chi tirng Hnb tinh CUlnha thi s1. -tirag giai1:hoq.i trong deri ngU'eri, nhirng cai ay rna be ngoai IU'o-nlnhU' YO btl feb, va chi keo cho dai dong t\fU truogc.1lu

an obip vo-i nhau nhtr nhfrng vbng -cua sQ'i-ehuyen rna anh hU'o-ng den cai dich cua ng11"o-i viet

<:uon sach muon di t&i, cat ngbia tbi ph1im nba thO', khODJthau ro het nhfrng cii vanh tMc trong deri mOtoba lhi 81thi khOng sao het dU'Q'c thO' ngU'Cri ay

phU'O'ng phap tren, thanh ,Hi khao-cuu boan dnh dia ly, gia dinh Ttr, theri kt

hQc banh, ralAmbao, va dau ';viet van, cUQcs6ng

1:?{ dau thU'O'ng va nhfrng moi dnh cua thi si, minhchu-ng nhfrng tinh' (am,y' ngh! ,ua Han M?c Tu-trong tac da bi chi phOi manh bOoi nhfrng Diem'tin tongUo, nhung trOo cua 'Ahfrng cUQc t;lnh duyen

va nbat 13 nhfrng dau khl), tuyet vQng do "1lgheo tung gay nen

NbA phe blnh da thugop'hrQ'm nhu:ng giai tho,i-chi tiet cu9c d&i Han Tu- de lam cho dQc gia.ha thO' dii sang dc bia thO' d6 trODg hOaDtam nao, va sao d3 sang tac nhtr the v.v•••

mGON NGU vANCHUCYNG

-phac hQa khung canh song cua vln blnl

van tL1!c ra €lug cotra lam trenv6'i mQt tin!:l than

khoa hQc vi nbtrvg811 da trinh bay chtra dtrQ'c 'kiem chtrng, va nhihg tru'&ng hvp ong D.eu len CIS,do 6c tuo-' g trr9'ng ctta flog xep hO'n Ia c6

Dbat 1<\trong cuon «Trong glong song Vill.

PhOt1g van nMm tim hoaD canh gia dinh" g'iao

Q(yi sOng lam an, dcyi song dnh cam, d<Y! song td,thtrc aa anh htrong va chi phOi nhU' the nao deri songviet van clla tac gia

Phc:ng van se cho gia hiet nha van d1i bai

"'thO' <16, da viet cuon d6 ttong trlolo-ng hVp naomham m1;lc <!fch gi, aa nhii'ng kb6 khan gi khi:':;sang tac, dadung phuO'ng pnap sang laC nao, ttichiuanh htrang nh11'ng nba van nao' ali U'a thick 498

nh&ng-dc phlm vA e6 hM !bng hay Waang

da xu't ban, phan u-ng the naotnr60cpJae blnh, sau,Cl)ng..c;:odl1dInhgitrong tlfO'ng lai.••

C6IeLa TIwdlta ngtrM dau tien d6ng 16i phong

van gitip ngtro-i tim nha van m9t each vu-a sAu;

Tti M& kinh u-a thich, hoic Hoang ngQc Phach

tuang Tam la nhii'ng ngu-M dii chidlln

tren con duo-ng S11 hgM

trong I CuQ<: phOng dn cac nba van»Thanhdi phong v«U tam nha dn hitn Nhii'ng chi

lien qnan d& eUOc dai nha van khong phM c:£taghia van chU"O'ng nhu-ug chi giup ta to hoandah sang tic, trU'ang, mt;1c dich, ngl;<ysang tac,nghiaIa nhii'ag van chung quanh tac va"ahu-ng SlF chung quanh tac dIng rat can.,

.NGON NaG" viN CHUaNG

dQc gia thay CU9C dbi thO' l1u cua ngQ<:

Phach nhfrng ong nba van gioio, trU'&ng

.hQ'p nao Hoang' ngQc'PMch da viet TCS Tam, vada call.ell' vao nhfrng tai nao de viet cuon tieu thuyet d6,.Le Thanh con hOi nba van ve ci nhfrng quan cuacnha van d6i vai van hQc, gia dinh, xli h¢i•••

000

Kieu tbanh Que giong Le Thanh (y diem ca haltam tfnh s& van hQc de dQC gia c6 mQt cai ohint&llg quat mQt nam hay mQt thoi ky van hQc NhU'ng

!Cieu thanh di xa hO'n trong d\t' dioh mu<Sn phat

.hQa lich trinh di€n tien" van hQc cUa camQt dan t9C.Thay vi tim hieu mQt tac gia nhU' mQt vii trQ co (foc, nhl phe blnh tacgii trong mQt khuynhhmYng, tn¢t tb&i ky van hQc, va tim hieu olc trong

"khung dnh chung cua mQt nen van hQC

Trong «Ba mU'O'i nam van hQC<C ciing nhU' trongftCuQc hoa van hQc nam» Kit:u thanh Que da

'l'han chia nhfrng the van va gi6'i S1f hinh thanh,tien Clla tirng the van v6'i nhfrng tac gili

.tieu bieu hO'n 00', cngcIa chia van hQc theo.-chfr iet: van hQc chfr han, van hQc chfr nom, van hQc chfr quac ngfr, roi khlo sat ngu?>n gcc, phOi thai va s11othinh suy cUa m6i van

136 NGUYEN vAN TRUN(J;

lam ctia Kieu thanhQue ehu-ahJn11 dy

c6 thOng.van hQ(: m3i:hiU mQt phac h93

nhii'ng net lOon cUa mQt lieh trinh dif!} van hQC,

vlnhfrng Heu ph1n chiathai ky, khuynh,p

huang vanBQ(: eiing-chua dUQ'ch9-pIt lim

aOo

Ong DuO'ng quiagHam 1a nguOi cuon vaIL<'

kQc sUo namda1,1 tib Tim nha van

h9 vao van hQ(: sir, la xac 4tnb.vj tri CUlIJ

hQC, I de.dinh ann nha van d6 !ill nMn

11 tim' hQu 4bri' sOng 8\1' ngbiepd\1'3 vl0 ahn-ng su- lieu

ehic,clWtllhu ang da yiit:

tnr6'e Wt sU'u tlm c4c tAi lieu tin me b <:k sach b!or

rM kbao-rit suynlhi': dilu gi xac th\l"c eh1c eMn m6'i

chep,· dieu ,1 con ho nghi th1 hluyen, diet! gi e.'

nhiiu·thuy& tuvng dU'<n1gtb1 shii bay ro rang sau

Qly c6 qcm4n eUu tbfm· maquyE,t «inh. Trai lfi, tal.l(y St1 th\l'C 11m trQnf Jih6t1g khi nao da,atlyt'rifmg m1 giil'quy& mq.t c:kh sO"

4Qw, c1lnanll1t"kbMlg'hip tip thee tmu nhii'ng y kiea

(MilK thu+ng nhielbJdli sai taut hO'c thiin BO-it

thE, m6i vile quan trQilg ra, 'roSi cai chlingc6' dim

lNGfJN NGU VAN CHUaNG

1'a, thtrong eo ehtra ro xuat xU' Cuoi m6i chtrQ'ng 4!u

.co ke ro cae tac da lie eu-u va cae ban in, banc.jch dQc gia co theo do ma kilm nhfrng\,«ieu da chip0-tren

V! mOi tac gia noi den sach (trir nhfrng tac

"gla ebn song) chUng t0i c6 kem theo mqt :,ahfrng dieu n6i trong nay (113m sinh nlint<nam de, que quan.••) ehUng tOi eU ke cu-u din

0- cae sach: SU- kyt dang khca hQC ll

Viet van hQc su- 1a dtra ra mi)t cai nhin tl>ng hQ'P va

bae quat, 13 xep thanh t1i co M thOng, do nhfrng tieu chuw phan ehia khuynh htr6'ng,van, thoi ky van hQC dt quan trQng Nhfrng tieu

rna DtrO'ng quang Ham de ra, phan ehia thoi

-:ky van hQc d\1'a vic the ky, v?l vua khong

gl:l b6 va kMng lam nl>i dtrQ'c nhfrng tU'O'ng-quan cfing nhU' nhfrng dj gifra cae nha van.

Tuy nhie!J.t ong DU'O'ug quang H?!m d11 c6 oong di

·-€tau trong xay dVng mQt van hQC sUova cong.hien kha n!lieu lien quan den dM song de gia,nguon goc nhfrng anh hU'o-ng qui djnh St!

.hung St! van cpU'O'ng, nh&t a & nbung thai

:ky dau, xa xCii ma chung ta biet itt it rat SO' m'Vi thieu sir litu

NGUyP.N VANTRUNg

Ph! blnh gUo khoa da c6 gia trj s11'

i aitro cao nh11'ng cb11'a pbai th1,fc:Sl1ll ph! blnh v5n: hQC vi nba phe blnh mM chi lam cong

i,,* du-a tlgaQo1 dQc ngU'o-ng cu-a tac pharo, gi6'i: phac hQa khung canh sang tac, nhfrng ngu6n' g5clinh hU'6-ng, nghia la m6'i chi trinh bay cai chung quanh

tac ch11'a phai chinh tac d6 Noi each khacphe birth giao khoa da chi thich phllm Mng nhfrng:yeu i6 sa-a soq,n xay dl1ng tac kh6ng ph:Hnhfrng ylu toctlu tq.o tac pUm nMn He

Ia mQt cong trlnh sang va sang 1a n6i lendU'9'c cai gl m&i va cli m&i bao giCY cung la mQt du-t

qna cai cai thira k.e, lnh hU'o-ng, thi

· blnh giao khoa ch11'a ngttcyidQcHinh Mi QU'Q'c d.i

; sang d6 cua tac gia PMblnh giao khoa',

1tim hitu van h9C nhU' mQt «gia tai d6n l) hem Ul'

·mQt sang , nhU'ng lam gl con van hQc, neu gia 1a1.d6n kMng bien thai nh11' Andre

:dan6i,: «Gia tai bao gio- cung 1a mQt h6a thai il)(L'herluge est toujours une metamorphose)

,Nhl pM binh giao khoa mai chi di quanhtac ma chU'a vab trong t:k phrim ,tr3r

,hOi ngay ehrnh y hU'o-ng sang clla nha van, y

nghiava gia ttl cua cbfnh bUt phap, lCri van.Ngay0-tanh v1tc thn hie« cai gia tai chung

·quash tac nba phe blnh giio khoa cung khOng:

'tranh dU'9'c nhii'ng ao Ufo-Dg

Niem tin cUa do S1t xac thtrc giaithich nhiin g trtrO-ng;Wp.noancaun'Ilio nhi van(fa sang_ dol khi co tMchi11ao tl1'ang doi vaivan

,.i9c·Viet NlUIl tFCltlg tim ra ducrc SI1 vi

,Ii vinh vian timradU'9"c hay; tim.ra; hoijc tim ra nhU'ng c6 cliac d6 Ia dich' thl1c'-B11 kien muon tiJnkhong; cb<fng dnh each

-neth\l'c Ctia-nhiingS\1' tim fa dU'Q'C,nhat Vi nhu-ng

S\f lien dEn do-i song tim It. tinh cam

'tic gii.

Sau ciJng U ao tU'o-ng ve thai de} khiem ton khachquan votU' Nha pM binh giQO khoa khOng dua ra mQt'Iy thuytt quan gi ve van hQc d,t nghia giai

thfch m9t van,. chi khiem ton timnhiing hinh thatih' cua tae Tuy nhien nhi pM blnh th\rc ra khOng tranh khoi 11Ta chQndung{y mQt quan nao d6 nhin nba van nbat.Ja xae djnh ch& dtrng vi td cua nba van do trongmQttraOhru m¢t thai mQt van hQcsir;SI1 hra chQnmQt tln\i phii chi 0- lanh \l1fC phe binh ma

-.0 ngay chinb n6i den hay khOng n6i den mQt nhavan noi :hay n6i it Nha pM binh khOngtranh duVe phai -dva vao nhfrng tieu I\l'a chQn

:<PhAnclaia.'xep va nhfrng tieu chulin d6

d gh\ trj pM bien, la chi thfch hQ'p v6-i

r.,be blab

NGuytN VAN TRUN<;b

Phi btnh luan' It

IItuchub d4nh ghi tic v-an chU'O'11g

dephlm hay hoicdO>, t6thay xau, nen d9C hay khahg··'dil.dQc,Ny theo n6 c6 phu h<1p v60i nhii'ng Iy tuo-ng quan

Vande luin Iy dU'q'c ra khi xet to-i m1}c dich·

hq cOng d"(1ng c1ia van chU'O'ng PMblnh 19 d1;a

_0 quan niem Vali hQc coi 'van hQc van chU'O'r,gthong c6 mQt cu-u dnh W' va phai ph1}C v1}cho mQt·

digi khac van chuO'ng Ia ly, xlih¢inhan v.v••Quan nay d6i v6'i quah niem 'cho dngvan chU'O'ng ngM la mQt tM 'gi'6'l rieng 'khOnglien quan gl chinh tri XahQi £)u-c va cungkhong phai chi Ia mQt phU'O'ng tien pb1}C V1} nhfrng1

m1}c tieu chinh trl, Xli hQl Du-c

Hai quan tren van d6i tit trU'o-c denlIay tbinh thoang neY fanhfrngV1}xungOQt

tuy dU'l$'i nhfrng blnh tbu-c khac nhau nhU'ne; t'lfU

trung van de vanla8'lfd<Si nen tang

N6i cach khac, blnh "1y khang pMi chi trong quan I van cheY J ctia cae C(1nhorigay

bao-ZU'a, ma catrong quan phe mac-.xit nay trang;

4luan via chU'O'ng than ngq nay

IIOON NGfJ" VAN GBUO'NG

Trttac c6 U ra dtn V(lt -anh truyenKieu c6 luan1y hay khonggam nhung ngl1'o-inhttQuynh, Trlin trQng Kim,Viidlnh Long PMieheTruyenKieu la vo luan gem nhfrng nha nho nhU' Ngo dti'c Ke.

Huynh tMe Khang Hai dli an truy?n Kieu

ta «ai dam sau oan afro tang bi» «lamQt ehuy?n phong tinh hoi dam khOng dang lamsjch dfY, gieo gi6 trang hoa trong nao thieu niennam nil' tall.

Trang eUQe tranh nay cae nM phe binh lub

11 (fadfrng tren can ban luan ly nho giaode dinhv! Kieu va tan dong quan ni?rli «van eher d:rolj.mQt ben khen tbi eho Kiett fa gU'O'ng cua luan ly d\1'3tren nhan nghia, trf, tin, mQt ben cho kieu la dien hinh

ctia S\1' di thoa, hen, khiep nhu-Q'c; th\1'c ra phai eheKieu, tuy d\1'a vao luau If nbo giao nhu-ng khOng hien

juih'} If d:6 mQt each eMt va d9ng cO' chlnh thu-cdZly nhfrng ct;l Ngo dfrc Ke, Huynh tMc KMng pM pMnluan ly Kieu la mQt mt;lc tieu tranhchfnh trj v6i phe Quynh than PMp, va caeuhan danh cai luan If yeu nu-6'c ma len an truy?n Kieu

1Uc d6 du-9'c de cao nhU' 19'i khi van h6a ru ngti

I

thanh thieu nien

Khong phai chi nha nho m6'i gAt! lien v1n ahU'O'ng.y&i dfrc va gan eho van cbU'O'Di m¢t vai trll r5 ret:tuyen truyen diOdtrc cach hitn nh&ng 161

NGUYEN vAN TRUNG

gu'O'ag mlu nMm gay tac tot noi ngU'()oi c!QC

do d6 c6 thay doi ), long ngU'o-i dQC, rna tat C'anhfrnn quan gan lien vin chU'O'ng v6'i xa h9i deu·g.in cho van chU'O'ng vai tro tuyen truyen va giAo

doc tren

sinh hay vi hoi 1935-36, Thieu SO'll rviet «hai cM qnan ve van hQc» hac bO qua. i

cua Quynh, ba HQc cOl van chU'O'ngnhU' phU'O'ng ph\lc V\1 luan ly nhan sinh Hai Trieu I

viet m9t bai lien da kich quan vi ngh.1

cua Thien Soon, nhU'ng khong phai banh qua.luan ly'xa h¢i theo khuynh hU'6'ng m1c-xit.Quan luan ly khac nhau nhU'ng quan.diem pM binh luan ly van13 m9t ngU'o-i ta van doivan phai d6ng mQt vai tro trong xa hQi, phai ythU:cminh viet Van cho ai phai phQc v!L ai vi chU'O'ngkhOng theHinh trU'ac lam than, ap btrc

Gua con ngU'cyi trong m9t che dQ cong, ngheo kho

Do d6, ngU'CYi ta chi thay doi nhung tieu

luan 1y : doi tU'Q'rig phl}cY\lthay vi nhan, I!, tri, tin hieatrung, thay vi quan phu phl}, thi la ly tuang

xahQi, til do, nhan ph:im, quyen sOng va giai cap,giM blnh gi6'i lao d90g tang hYpvo san, nhio dan,

nhln IOii•••

':NGON NNff VAN OHUaNG

,Yin chuang: chi ta vanchltO'ng va chi c6, gi:i trl;

khi thvc dU'Q'c nhu-ng deu

·uretng tren.

Quan van chtl'O'tlg «dan thanl) ngly nay cOn

di xa hO'n trong doi hOi giln lien luln Iy v6'i vanchtrO'ng (x) khi chfrng minh dng tinh chat luan ly 0-ngay trong chfnh dV ph6ng viet vlin, tfong chinh ngon

agu dien ta, trong chinh tac

Nh3 van khong tach ro-i van chuO'ng ra khOi xahQi chinh tri thiet ijp van chltO'ng thanh m9t the gi6'irieng vo tinh, vo thU'o-ng vo tanh v6'ith<ri cu¢c, tinh tM vi chinhS\l' c6 ctia van chtr6'ng,chfnh thai dQ tanh ding da la mQt iva cbQn IY,.m¢t thai dQ chinh tri r '

Do d6 khOng c6 thfr van' ahU'ang vo thU'o-ng vo.ngay thO'vo tQi,vi dp mU'6n du khOng,

ho?J.c tieu C\1'C hay ticl1 et¥c, va da cO tac dt;tng tUrc l3

bao ham nhung deu luan ly, ahung phandoa,n

pi trio

(I) Xem:B" I,i du Killn •, dioh 2

- Lvf'C kbiG viD hC}c t,p I (dOfU via chll'O'og va (uan It) lraog IIf

- Lwyc "biG vill bqc: t,,,II ChU'C7ng Vb ChlJ'O'ng va cblnh tri

WGUY£NYAN TRUNG

jKhi Sal-tre : «Vb DiM c6 nfhta If «1' tron,_Qt gi6'i doi kho. Ciing nhtr luan11, van ngM pll31

!actia chung mQi ngtro-i nhtr nhavan

ve phe dong dao nUt,phe cua haiire ngU'o-i 46i'_u anbtamuon oU'Q'c dt ca m9i ngub'i pghe va

- l ;, •

4t camQi dQc minh liI•• Trtr6'c· mQt dtra .

dOi. tuon gioi trigl.ea», (jng clue

sbin vlin co trO#,mQt sUo m9-Dg vl.c6

leha nang tlJay gay tac va di

danh nhii'ng Iy ttro-ng, str m,ng d6 tilpM ph4n

tae co gia 'tr! kay khOng tr! trong tt;l9t thE

Vlln luan ly thuCYl1I dU'Q-c dit ra debglts6i hoon ca khi dt;tng t6'i'.khi3 tt;tetrod

, chuO'ng binh iynhln danhd90 'd;u-c anubii'ng tac pham ma phe blnh cho 1a kbie'.1 douuy, den thulo phong IIlf t\1c Trong vin hQC'the giai, c6 rat V(1 an van vekhieu dim d5

ra {y nu6'c ngoai thOoi tien c;:hienphai trU'o-ng hQ"p Vii tl'QDg' Phf,tng• MQt sa-nguiri phe bloh tho-i d6 d5 dungbquanniem J:i

an nhii'ng etta Vii ·trQng Ph(1ngta

NG6NNG(J' VANCHUaNG

co dm ahava Vii trQng Phl1ng dung nhfrn5 chuthiu d"e t3nbiiag bb thlu; nhune trong khinhfrng c1u ma mltlh CRO khO'ii ua; ttr6'".

.cUng nen ngbi Mn dQc gia m¢t chtit II.

Mong SCYD pM binh trong eVan h9C W TriEt

hit-Khi cuon Lam Di xuat ban: cTatcanhUng baVf/ hieD., tit

d nhfrng eha rot; san s6c dln phuc eu a conem.

dltcacac cOu cOn thO' trong dirng dQc Lamflp

It van l} Thai Phi bai c VachuO'JIg

.dam ul»deto' cao ,nhfrng nha dAm am chi

Vii Pht;tng :It HQ tbay thien h9 U'a thtch cai dam

ue thi la co nboi nbetcai vao batct'rchuyea

.gicua minh viet sa neu cai ch6 nghia t3

va vi thethanh ra song sU9'ng kh6 eoi co lam rungdQng giac quan etta ngU'o-i dQc hO'n 13 nghi tim

.eTrang «Cuon sl> van hQcII Le Thanh cling phe binb

ya chuO"ng dAm 0 ! tlkhoang llam 1936 may to- bao it

Hanoi dua nhau trinh bay nhfrng Van khO'i dnh g'vi

nhfrng nba van san tht'r van iy t\1' ahin eho,.inh cai vQ phO'i ra anh sang het nhirng aii xa

-Xa.trt;ty euaxaMi,nhung 10-i tlnhtl1cia be,n cO'mtha,

cO'm co nhi'i'ng cu- chi trO'tren cua gal glang he> nhfrngha.n1'l dQag hen m,t cUa !l1Qt lop ngueri mt;te nat de.

4v9'Cdung lam tAi lieu "Inchuang HQ Ga V9ng t\1'o.

ra,ng c6 n6i den· di xau lam 000 ngtiOi taS<! ml·phong ngira cai duo ngo-hQ da lam cai cong

mQt thay lang deIl;l' bao nhieu vi mQt xa h(>i

de-PM binh Iy ding dU'Q'c ap d\lng trong trU'cnghQ'p thO' tgc van gan cho He, xnan HU'O'ng Ngoai nhfrng.,biH thO' n6i den cli tt;1c mQt each trl1C tiep" nha phe binh \

eM trQng'den nhfrng bM thO' 1M thaph nhU'ngy tt;1c"

va cho chfnh nhfrng bal thO' d6 m6'i nguy

tai vi kha nang kh'ieu dam mQteach nhj, diea'

Chfnh vi tranh tac dt;tng khieu dam tren, ma thO'

Ho ?Cnan HtrO'ngcia hi ra khoi chU'O'ng trinh Vietvan 0-trung,hQc

Phe binh luanly ding d:trQ'c huy c.iQng khi sang van chU'O'ng dt;1ng den ebinh van de then chat : c6 lUan

tac-Iy hay khOng, dung hO'n la luan ly khach quan bienhay bao gio- cling chi la nbfrng luan Iyi c6 tfnh each chuquan, tity hoaJ;l canh Van chU'o/ng sinh theokhuynh hU'6'ng Sartre, van de tren trong mQt'

so vo- kjch, tieu thuyet tieng, c6 anh hU'ang it nlueu.nO'irD.Qt vai tile giatre NhSnd6.

ma mQt v\l lU311 ly va van chU'O'ng mo- ra V30cu6i nam

1960"tuy thvc ra cMng di den dan, vi nhii'ng ngU'o-i (I) Xem Tblio ban l,t van dl; tl}C vA dSm trong tb H;; sa'" HU'O'ng, T,lin tllanb M,i Ngh;en eg.u vb b9C 9-1961 Haaoi.

NGQN NGtJ V ANCHUaNG

bi c.1a kfch kh&ng len W'J - 1'lhU'ng dllsao mQt vai 1Mqua

ci1ng cho thay ra dU'lYi nbii'ng khiam&i so v6'i nbii'ng quan c.11Am pM binh luan lytrU'lYc d! chi d1fa vao mQc vaitro haytae d'(1ng.ella van chuang phU'O'ng luan ly

Do tU'Q'ng c6 may chi van ngM ra dO-I

nhU' Sang «The ky Hai mU'O'ill tieu bteumQt nao nhii'ng n6 l\fc nhung con duo-ngmlYi, nen he:> hichi trich da kich la vo nhung khuynhhU'lYng luan Iy dol thea « chU nghia sinh II

Th\fc ra nhieu ngtro-i sang dc trong ba chi d6 dingcMng ynghien cuu hay bat chU'6'c gi sinh vanhfrng ngU'o'i dii-kich dog cMng hiSu gi ve chti nghiad6 NhU'ng chii' sinh lacaibung xung gan nhanbieu va ket an cho d€dang mau ch6ng KhOng c6 chinao tra IcYi ve nhii'ng bai chi trich rai rae trong cae baokhac nMt Ia trong tulin bao Van dan

NhU'ng mQt ehu6i nhung trng manh cuadan» ra sau m¢t bal n6i chung to! nhan

de Ia « Luan ly va Van hQC» do «TM ky Hai mU'O'i» tl>chuc0- Cau b6a va dang trong t.P chi

NGUriN VAN,TRU1#tF

ma h9 cho"Ja vo lu!a11nhlin danh 11 trOng nhul1l

so tiep sau nhU': mQt tr1J.ng thai euong phoi bay'trong thuyEt (s<>' 22) mQt thai49 ctiaoug"

Nguyen Trang (so 23) chungtOi to cao mam phan,trong van (96 25) chUng to! pMn d6ic3i Ifthuyet'da thu hOO con ngU'oi cua ChuO'ng'(s627)

Ba chielikich khOng co mQt· to' nao 'en tris"

trong m1;tc Khuon mJt thO'i gian Nguyen Sa

nhu-ng ngU'Cri xuyen tang 13«10Mbb sat

quen-luan tranhS\1'thitII so 6 ChUng \ tol tiq, lOiNguyen Sa cling trong m1}c 0.6 tfoag sO 7 nhac tal

m9t ba.u khi van hoa thieu nhii'ng di!u Iden c6

eO Ahii'ng sinh van hoa dung· ; va mQt bM dinh·chanh ykien cua Bui Tuln, dang trong· Van s6 24.lo-i n6i Clia Nguyen Sa clng lam cho. Van tUndn,

,

oong kich trong rat nhieu m1}C bao.- nh3nthay ro khong the tranh van hQc, val nhu-ng-ngU'lri Co thai d9 «ch1;1p mil anh em11 ve van nent5:td nhifng ngU'<yi hi da dQrig den deu 1m

,;:;- Sau mQt tho-i glan11kich ml khOng tMy phan <tng

gi, Van dan danb phai thOi dan Nhii'ng to- bao kbacnflU'Van hiru, Mai V.v.• ding tham d1f chut it VaG vb4c, rOi cilng thai Khi bau khi ding thtng, saOI-:

NGON NGif VAN CHUaNG

T,o m&i len tieag qua baicua Mal Thao «Con dtro-ngtrio thanh va tien tOoi cia Nghe hOm nayB (S.T

so 6 bQ mcH), tocao Iu?n dieu phe blnh van ngM theokieu «Cong An van Hnh kin chi diem, nhtr dOlchinh quyen trirng ph?t khittCai danh til' phan lOin dtf9'c

ra trong mQt lien ttrCrng trung h9'P hiem dQC vahen h? day y nghia v&i bieneO II thang II v\ra QU311(Mai Thao) dexac dinh mQt thai uQ: nhfrng COBthU hap hOi cnet ro nhfrng giQt mau cuoi cungll (lo-i cUaCung tramTtrerng, Mai Thao nMc l?i), bo l?i dang saunhfrng khuynh htr6'ng suy tan, ranh rang tactdllng rnQtgiai nghe m&i

Van chtrO'ng, nhat la tib thiet lien quan

t6'i Juan ly vi vanchtrO'ug rno d bay to nhfrng thai dt?s5ngetta can nguiYi trtr6'c cUQc dcyi trong mQt

do'i Thai dQ aao ding bao ham nhfrng nh?n dtnh vecUQcdcyi va nhfrng 11"a ch(}n : lam, khOng lam, va lam thl hO'nhay khOng lam tni hO'n nghiala khong the tr:lnh dtrQ'Cdfl2'laO nhfrng luan 19" phan doan giatri.D() d6 Luan lygan lien v&i van chU'O'ng nhtrng (y tlnhtqng bao ham, gia thiet trong nhfrng 09 song, chti'kh6t1g ph:H mQt-:ach ro cong khai dlf6'i hinh thircnhfrng khai tieu chuan

V c6 qnyen phe blnh luan 11 trong vanNhu-ng do m6'i chi la nguyen Ifthuyet Trong thVl;

:t50 NGUYEN vAN TRUNe;

pM blnh, phe blnh c6 dp nhttng khO khansaU muonam vijc phe blnh mOt cach trQng

-c6 1thU'c nhi vlvotu- :

Nhl phe bloh khong dU'ng tru-cYc mQt quantulin 11 r5 mQtIt luln It tong quat, nhtrngditng trucYc mQt cuQc do-i eu.a nbii'ng ngu-o-i tronghoancaohsong rieng bitt cUa ·h9 Do do, van de khOng.phai 13 phan doan tren nguyen t3ctItthuyett cMnng

tQi an trQm trong mQt truo-ng h9'P nUt dinh da mo ta1:rong HaMdQng an trQm d6 c6 bi quy dinh

ngheo tungt din tie::: nuai 'gia dlnh v,v du-gc thvchien mQt cach mien CUO'l1gt ngoai y muont vi khoog c6

!laO khac an••• Trong trtrcYng hgp d6, nhan

co chi la nhan ; eho nen c6 mQt ly di giii'a It

i vA thl1c va vi kh6 ml ph3.n dean dtrtkhoattrl" phrrO'ng difn laan lj mQt hanh dQng C1;1 la

2 -Nba pM binh luan It kh8ng tranh dtrQ'Ccancit vic nhii'ng tieu luan ly nhan danh mQtlulnIt pM phan, dinh Nhung nhii'ng

lu1n Itd6 la nhfrng tieu nao, c6 dUQ'c mQi 'nguo-i nhin nMn nbU' mQt luan Iy ph<> hay chi Ia

quan luau Iy, thich hgp vcS'i mQt so ngu6'i,doanthlt mQt nen van min-h D6i klli chua Ma a