8 tập huấn xây dựng ma trận, đặc tả môn TIN THCS

Mac du khong phai la mot phuong phap danh gia tr‘rc tiep, trac nghiem dugc sir dung tar rat lau dog va rang rai trong lich sir gido dvc va day hoc, nh6 sir thuan tien va tinh kinh te, ca

BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO

TM WU TAP HUM GIAO MEN 1111UNG HOC CO Se

XAY DUNG MA IRAN, II4C TA

BE KIEM TRA BINH Id

Ha N0i, nam 2022

MIX LVC

III MOt so km y d6i voi viec viet cau hoi teac nghiem khach quan nhieu lira

3.2 Phan loai cac dang thirc cau hoi kiem tra danh gia 10

3.1 Bang me to mirc dO danh gia mon Tin hoc lop 6 25 3.2 Bang me to mirc do danh gia mon Tin hoc lop 7 30 3.3 Bang me to mac c19‘ danh gia mon Tin hoc lop 8 35 3.4 Bang mo to mirc do danh gia mon Tin h9c lop 9 39

Phan III GIdI THIEU MOT SO MA TRAN, BAN DAC TA VA DE KIEM

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Phan I NHUNG VAN DE CHUNG

VE KIEM TRA DANH GIA

I MA TROT DE KIEM TRA

1.1 Khtii ntem ma trip de kiem tra

- Ma tran de kiem tra la ban thiet ke de kiem tra china dung nhting thong tin ve cau triic co ban eila de kiem tra nhu: thei lugng, s6 cau hoi, clang thirc cau hoi; link vue kien thirc, cap dO nang lue cita tong cau hoi, thuOc tinh cac cau hoi timg vi tri

- Ma tran de kiem tra cho phep tao ra nhieu de kiem tra cc') chat luting tuong duong

- CO nhieu phien ban Ma tan de kiem tra Mire dO chi tiet cua cac ma

1.2 Cilu true mot bang ma tran de ki'Jm tra

Cau true 1 bang ma tran de kiem tra g6m the thong tin nhu sau:

Ten Bang ma tan- KST hieu (neu can)

- Cau true timg phan (Prompt Attributes)

+ Cau true va tS, trong tong phan

+ Cac cau hoi trong de kiem tra (items)

✓ Dang thfre cau hoi

✓ Linh vue kien thire

✓ Cap dO/thang nang lue danh gia

✓ Thai gian lam du kien cua timg cau hoi

✓ Vi tri cau hoi trong de kiem tra

- Cac thong tin h"6 fro khac

1.3 Thong tin co biin ctia ma trap de !dim tra:

- Mix tieu danh gia (objectives)

- Linh vuc, pham vi kin thirc (Content)

- Thed luting (ca de kie'm tra, timg phAn ki6m tra)

- Ring se; cau hoi

- Phan b6 cau hoi theo linh vuc, pham vi kin thdc, mirc d6' kilo, mix tieu danh gia

- Cac hru )", khac

1.4 Vi dy minh h9a mita ma trip de kiam tra

II BAN DAC TA DE KIEM TRA

2.1 Khai nifm ban d(ic to

Ban dac to de kiem tra (trong ti6ng Anh goi la test specification hay test

blueprint) la mot ban mo to chi tie4, c6 vai tro nhu mot hating clan de viet mot

de kiem tra hoan chinh Ban dac to de kiem tra cung cap thong tin ve eau true

de kiem tra, hinh fink cau hoi, so luting cau hoi a m8i loci, va phan bo cau hOi tren mgi muc tieu danh gia

Ban dac to de‘ hem tra giup nang cao dO gia tri cua hoat dOng danh gia, giup xay dung de kiem tra danh gia dung nhang muc tieu day hoc du dinh ducfc danh gia NO cung giiip dam bao sv d6ng nhat giira cac de kiem tra dimg

de phvc vu ding mot muc dich danh gia Ben canh loci ich doi voi hoat dOng kiem tra danh gia, ban (lac to de kiem tra co tac dung giup cho hoat dOng hoc tap tit( nen pi)" rang, c6 muc dich, c6 to chirc va c6 the kiem soat &roc Ngueyi hoc c6 the sir dung de chi' dOng danh gia vi'c hoc va to cham diem san pham hoc tap cua minh C6n ngued day c6 the ap dking de trien khai hating dan cac nhim vv, kiem tra va danh gia Ben canh do, no ding giiip cac nha quan li giao due kiem soat chat luting gido dvc ciia don vi minh

2.2 du frac ban d(ic to de kiem tra

MOt ban dac to de kiem tra can chi ra muc dich cua bai kiem tra, nhimg muc tieu day hoc ma bai kiem tra se danh gia, ma tran phan bo cau hoi theo not dung day hoc va muc tieu day hoc, cu the nhu sau:

(i) Muc dich czia de kiem tra

Phan nay can trinh bay reS de kiem tra se &roc sir dung phvc vu muc dich

gi Cac muc dich sir dung dm de kiem tra có the bao gom (1 hoac nhieu hon

- Nhdn biet su khac biet gicia cac nguoi h9c

- Danh gia viec thuc hien muc tieu giao dtic, day hoc

- Danh gia ket qua h9c tip (hay viec lam chii kien thin, ki nang) cua nguoi hoc so voi muc tieu giao duc, day hoc da de ra

- Chin doan diem math, diem din tai cua nguiyi h9c de c6 hoat dOng giao dix, day hoc phi' hop

- Danh gia trinh dO, nang luc cua ngtrai h9c tai thei diem bat du va ket thiic mOt kh6a h9c de do luting su tin bO cua nguoi h9c hay hieu qua cila khoa hoc

(ii) He muc tieu day hoc/ tieu chi danh gia

Phin nay trinh bay chi tit muc tieu day h9c: nhiing kien tilde va nang luc ma nguoi hoc can chiem rinh va se dugc yeu cau the hien thong qua bai kiem tra Nhimg lieu chi de xac dinh cac cap dO dat dugc cua ngued h9c doi voi timg muc tieu day hoc

Co the sir dung cac thang nang luc de xac dinh muc lieu day h9c/ tieu chi danh gia, ching han thang nang lye nhin thirc oh Bloom

(iii) Bang de:ic to de kiem tra

Day la mOt bang co cau triic hai chieu, voi mOt chieu la cac chii de kien thirc va mOt chieu la cac cap dO nang luc ma nguoi h9c se dugc danh gia thong qua de kiem tra Voi m8i chii de kien thirc, tai mOt cap dO nang luc, can cu muc tieu day h9c, ngueyi day dim ra mOt tS, trong cho h9p

(iv) Cau trac de kiem tra

Phin nay mo to chi tiet cac hinh thirc cau hOi se sir dung trong de kiem tra; phan bo then gian va diem so cho timg cau h6i

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Vi du minh hpa mju ban cis.* ta de kiem tra

MAt BANG D4C TA DE KAM TRA

kiln that

Mac de his that, ki 'tang

cen bean tra, dish gia

SO can hit &to mat de alien this

Dan vi kik that

III MOT SO LUV 17 001 VOI VIEC VIET CAU H6I TRAC NGHIEM

3.1 Vai trb ctia triic nghiem

Trac nghiem trong giang day dugc xem nhu mot ding cu de thgc hien cac phep do luong, danh gia trinh dO, nang 11;re ding nhu ket qua hgc tap dia nguiyi hoc Mac du khong phai la mot phuong phap danh gia tr‘rc tiep, trac nghiem dugc sir dung tar rat lau dog va rang rai trong lich sir gido dvc va day hoc, nh6 sir thuan tien va tinh kinh te, cang nhu viec de dang can thiep bang

cac ki thuat phu hgp nham tang cuong tinh chinh xac va do tin cay cda thong

tin ve nguari hoc ma trac nghiem mang lai

hinh thanh nen mot bai trac nghiem, chung ta can có cac cau hoi, tar don gian den phirc tap, nham thu thap thong tin chi tiet ve timg kien thirc, ki nang, hay tong khia canh nang luc cu the ma nguiyi hoc lam chil Ngued ta chia cac loci hinh cau hoi trac nghiem thanh hai nhom: khach quan va chu quan Cau trac nghiem Ichach quan la nhang cau hoi ma viec chum diem hoan

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Dung - Sai Nhieu Ira chon Ghep dill Dien khuyet

town khong phu thuOc chit quan cita ngugi danh gia cho diem MOt s6 dang

thirc dien hinh cita cau trAc nghiem khach quan nhu cau tra 16i Dimg/Sai, cau

nhieu lya chon, cau ghee doi, cau dien khuyet Ngugc lai, chimg ta co mot s6

loai hinh cau hoi ma ket qua danh gia co the bi anh huang bai firth chit quan

cua ngugi chAm diem Dien hinh cho nhom nay la cac loai cau hoi to luan:

cau hoi ma ngtrgi hoc phai to minh viet ra phAn tra 16i, thay vi chon cau tra

16i tir cac phuong an cho san

Mac du c6 sit khac biet nhu vay ve mirc dO khach quan cua danh gia,

nhung khong vi the ma nhom cau hoi nay dugc sir dung rOng rai va ph6 bien

han nhom cau hoi kia Ca hai nhom cau tric nghiem khach quan va to luan

deu c6 nhimg diem manh rieng, va chimg ta can CO du hieu biet ve moi loai

hinh cau hOi de co the khai thac sir dung mot cach phit hop va hieu qua nhat

3.2 Phan logi cac clang that eau /lei kiem tra dank giri

- Hoi tong quat g(ip nhi&I

- Cung cap dap an

Tric nghqm khich quan

- Chcm dap an

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3.3 So stinh triic nghiem khach quan voi ttt lufin

xac va khach quan

CO the sir dung cac phucmg tien hien dai

trong chAm bai va phan tich ket qua kiem tra

Khong the sir citing cac phucmg tien hien dai trong chAm bai va phan tich ket qua kiem tra Cach chAm bai duy nhAt la gido vien phai dgc bai lam oh hoc sinh

CO the tien hanh kiem tra danh gia teen dien

reng trong met khoang thai gian ngin

MAt nhieu thai gian de tien hanh kiem tra ten dien reng

Bien sop kho, ten nhieu thai gian, them chi

Bien sop khong kho khan va ten it thai gian

Bai kiem tra co rat nhieu cau h6i nen c6 the

kiem tra dugc met cach he thong va toan dien

kien thirc va ki Wang ciia hoc sinh, tranh &rot

tinh tang hoc tii, day tii

Bai kiem tra chi c6 met so rat han the cau

hOi a met so phan, so chucmg nhat Binh nen

• • chi co the kiem tra &roc met phAn nh6 kien thirc va ki'nang cila hoc sinh, de gay ra tinh tang hoc tii, day tii

Tao dieu kien de HS to danh gia ket qua hoc

tap dm minh met cach chinh xac

Hoc sinh kh6 c6 the to danh gia chinh xac bai kiem tra dm minh

Khong hoec rAt kh6 danh gia dugc kha nang

dien dat, sir dung ngon ngfr va qua trinh to

duy ciia hoc sinh de di den cau tra lm.sinh

Co the danh gia dugc kha nang dien dat, sir dung ngon ngir va qua trinh to duy dm hoc

de di den cau tra lai.The hien a bai lam

dm hoc sinh Khong g6p phAn ren luyen cho HS kha Wang

trinh bay, dien dat S, kien dm minh Hoc sinh

khi lam bai chi co the chon cau tra kri dung

co san

G6p phAn ren luyen cho hoc sinh kha nang trinh bay, dien dat Si kien dm minh

Su phan phei diem trai tren met phe rAt reng

nen co the phan biet dugc r6 rang cac trinh

do ciia HS

Su phan phei diem trai tren met phe hop nen kho c6 the phan biet dugc r6 rang trinh

do cila hoc sinh

Chi giai han so suy nghi ciia hoc sinh trong

met pham vi xac dinh, do do han thevies

danh gia kha nang sang tao ciia hoc sinh

HS co dieu kien bac 10 kha nang sang tao cua minh met cach khong han cho, do de

du kha nang c6 dieu kien de danh gia day d

sang tao dm hoc sinh

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3.4 Nguyen the sie dung (Tic dung Mire eau h6i

kien thirc (VD: kien thirc ve mot mon hoc) trong qua trinh hoc hay khi IC& thuc mon hoc do u cac mire nhAn thirc thAp nhu nhAn biet, hieu, ap

Dang cau hoi to luAn c6 tru the de do lugng danh gia nhang nhAn thirc muc do cao (cac ki nang trinh bay, din dat cac kha nang phan tich, tong h9p, danh gia )

Ca hai deu co the dung de do luting danh gia nhang kha nang tu duy mire dO cao nhu giai quyet vin de, tu duy sang tao hay li luAn phan tich Hinh thdc thi nao va clang cau h6i thi nao cling co nhimg uu diem va nhugc diem nhit dinh do do sir dung clang cau h6i thi nao php thuOc vao ban chit cila mon thi va muc dich cua ky thi

3.5 Trtic nghiem khdch quan nhidu Iva ch9n

Cdu frac cau hoi tric nghiem khdch quan nhidu Ilia ch9n

Cau hOi tric nghiem nhieu lira chgn c6 the dung thAm dinh tri nha, mire hieu Wet, nang luc ap dung, phan tich, tong hop, giai quyet vin de hay ca nang luc tu duy cao hon

Cau hoi trac nghiem nhieu lira chgn g6m hai phAn:

Phdn 1: cau phat bieu can ban, ggi la cau dan (PROMPT), hay cau hoi

(STEM)

Plidn 2: cac phuong an (OPTIONS) de thi sinh Ilia chon, trong do chi c6

1 phuong an dung hoc dimg nhit, cac phuong an con lai la phuong an nhi6u (DISTACTERS) Thong thuang cau hoi MCQ co 4 phuong an Ilia chgn

✓ DAt cau hoi;

✓ Dua ra yeti cau cho HS thuc hien;

✓ DAt ra tinh hu6ng/ hay yin de cho HS giai quyet

✓ Yeu cau co ban khi viet cau dan, phai lam HS biet rOlhieu:

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Phudng An nhie'u (distracters)

✓ Cau hoi can phai tra lm

✓ Yeu cau can thuc hien

✓ VAn de can giai quyet

* Cac phuang an lira chon: cif) 2 loai:

- Phucmg an &mg, Phucmg an tot nhAt: The hien sv hieu biet cila hoc sinh

va sir hra chon chinh xac hoc tot nhAt cho cau hoi hay van de ma cau hoi yeu cau

- Phucmg an nhieu - Chirc rang chinh: La cau tra 19i hop li (nhung khong chinh xac) d6i voi cau hoi hoc van de du9c neu ra trong cau dan

+ Chi hop li d6i voi nhang hoc sinh khong có kien thirc hoc khong doc tai lieu day du

+ 'Chong hop li d6i voi cac hoc sinh cc') kien thirc, chiu kho hoc bai

Vi du:

Trong cau hoi tren:

-Dap an la D

- Phucmg an A: Thong nhAt dAt nulk

- Phucmg an B: Chien tranh Wen gioi Viet — Trung

- Phuong an C: Dai hOi dai bieu toan qu6c lAn thir VI dm Dang COng san Viet Nam

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b D'Oc tinh cua cau hoi triic nghifm Ithich quan nhtdu lrra chpn

ra chimg khi dugc yeu cau

chimg, khi chimg dugc the hien theo cach Wang to nhu cach gido vien da giang hoac nhu cac vi du tieu bieu ve chung tin lop h9c

"thong hieu", tao ra &roc sg lien k'et logic gifra cac khai niem

ca ban va co the van dpng chung de to chirc Iai cac thong tin

da dugc trinh bay gi6ng v6i bai giang clia gido vien hoac trong sach giao khoa

4 Van citing cao HOC sinh c6 the sir citing cac kien thdc ve mon hoc - chi' de

a giai quyet cac van de mai, khong gi6ng vai flitting dieu

da dugc hoc, hoac trinh bay trong sach gido khoa, nhung or mire de phii hcrp nhiem va, voi ki nang va kien thdc dugc giang day phi' hop voi mire de nhan thirc nay Day la nhung van de, nhiem vu gi6ng vai cac tinh hu6ng ma H9c sinh se gap phai ngoai xa hei

• U'u

- CO the do dugc kha nang to duy khac nhau CO the dung loci nay

a kiem tra, danh gia nhcmg muc tieu giang day khac nhau

- Nal dung danh gia dugc nhieu, c6 the bao quat dugc toan b9 chuong trinh hoc

- DO tin cAy cao hon, y6u to doan ma may rid giam Ion so vOi cau hal c6 2 Iva chon (cau hai dung sai)

- Do gia tri cao hon nho, tinh chAt cc!, the dung do nhimg mirc nhAn thin

va to duy khac nhau va or bAc cao

- Viec chAm bai nhanh hon, khach quan hon

- Khao sat dugc s9 lugng lon thi sinh

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• Han chk

- Kho va term thqi gian soan cau hoi/cac phuang an nhieu

- Cac cau hoi de rai vao tinh tang kiem tra viec ghi nha kien thirc neu vitt 116i hqt;

- Cac cau trac nghiem nhieu hp chon c6 the kho do duqc kha nang phan doan tinh vi, kha nang giai quyet van de mOt cach kheo leo va kha nang dien giai mOt cach hieu nghiem bang cau hOi loci to Juan

d Nhiing kilu cau &lc nghiem nhieu lira ch9n:

- Cau hra ch9n cau tra liyi dung: trong cac phuang an dua ra de thi sinh

hp chon chi co duy nhat mOt phuang an dung

Cau lua ch9n cau tra loi dimg nhat: trong cac phucmg an dua ra co the c6

- Cau lira chon cac phuang an tra lai dung: trong cac phuang an hp chon

co mOt hoac nhieu han mOt phuang an dung, va thi sinh duqc yeu eau tim ra tat ca cac phuang an dung

- Cau lira chon phuang an de hoan thanh cau: vOi loci cau hoi nay, phan than cila cau h6i la mOt cau khong hoan chinh; phan khuyet c6 the nam trong hoac nam cuOi cua cau dan va thi sinh dugc yeu cau kra chon mOt phuang an

- Cau theo cau truc phu dinh: cau hoi kieu nay co phan than cau hoi chira mOt tir mangy ngliia phu dinh nhu kh8ng, ngoai

- Cau ket h9p cac phuang an: vOi kieu cau nay, phan than thuong dua ra mOt se) (nen la 3 — 6) menh de, thueng la cac btrac thuc hien trong mOt quy trinh hoac cac str kien/ hien Wong din ra trong mOt trinh to thqi gian , sau do, m8i phucmg an ltra chon va mOt trat to sap xep cac menh de da cho

e Mot so nguyen tic khi hien sogn cau ink nghiem nhi'eu ltra chon

- Phan dan can bao gom mOt cau hoac mOt so cau truyen dat mOt y hoan chinh, de ngtroi h9c doc het phan dan da c6 the nam duce sa bo cau hoi dang

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kiem tra van de gi; dOng theri cac phuang an lua chgn can ngAn ggn Nguyen tAc nay cling giup chimg ta Wet kiem dien tich giAy de trinh bay cau had teen de thi, dOng thai tiet kiem thafi gian dgc cau hoi cua thi sinh

- Mofii cau hoi nen thiet ke c6 4 den 5 phuong an Iva chgn Cac cau hoi trong cung mot de thi nen thOng nhAt ye s6 lugng phuang an lua chgn de thuan tien trong chain diem Tn.rong hop trong cling mot de thi co nhieu cau trAc nghiem nhieu lua chgn va so lugng cac phuang an khong th6ng nhAt thi can sAp xep thanh cac nhom cac cau co cung s6 lugng phuang an

- Cau hoi ding nhu cac phuang an lua chgn can khong co dau hieu kich thich thi sinh doan me dap an Hai tac gia Millman va Pauk (1969) da chi ra

10 dac tnrng lan ma cau trAc nghiem nhieu lua ch9n c6 the cung cap &Au hieu

de ngueri du thi doan mo dap an, do la:

1 Phucmg an dfing dugc din dat dai bon nhUng phuang an con 14i;

2 Phucmg an dung dugc mo to chi tiet va day du, khien cho nguoi ta de dang nhan ra nher tinh chinh xac cua phuang an;

3 Neu mot phuang an lira chon chira to khoa dugc nhAc lai tir phan dan thi nhieu kha nang do la phuang an dimg;

4 Phuang an dfing co tinh phO bien va quen thuOc han nhang phuang

an con lai;

5 Ngueri ta se it khi dat phuong an dau tien va phuong an cuOi ding la dap an; Neu cac phuang an dugc sap xep theo mot tat to logic (vi du: n6u la cac con so thi sap xep tir be den lam), nguoi ta se c6 xu huong sAp xep dap an la cac phuang an 6 gift;

6 N'L cac phuong an deu mangy nghia cu the, chi c6 mot phuong an mangy nghia khai quat thi nhieu kha nang phuang an khai quat nhat se- la dap an;

7 Neu CO hai phuang an mangy tuang to nhau hoac do'i lap nhau thi mot trong hai phuang an nay se la dap an;

8 N6u cau h6i c6 phuang an cu6i ding kieu "tat Ca cac phuang an tren deu dimg/sai" thi c6 the dap an se rgi vao phuong an nay;

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9 Viec sir dung ngon tir ngay ng8, de dai, khong phu hip van canh c6 the la dAu hiau cua phucmg an nhiaw,

10 Neu chi c6 mot phuong an khi ghep vai phan dan tao nen mot chinh the ngiz phap thi day chinh la dap an

- Phuang an nhiau khong nen "sai" mot each qua 10 lieu ma can c6 sir lien he logic nhat dinh toi chu de va dugc din dal sao cho c6 ye dimg (c6 ye hop li) Li Wong nhat, cac phuong an nhiau nen dugc xay dung dtra tren loi sai cua ngueri hoc, chang han cac con s0 biau thi kat qua dm nhimg each tu duy sai (khong phai la nhang con so dugc lay ngau nhien)

- CAn rat than trgng khi sir dung cau co phuong an lira ch9n kiau "tat ca cac phuong an tren dau dimg/sai" Trong cau trac nghiam lira chgn phucmg

an dung nhat, viac sir dung lira chon "tat ca cac phucmg an tren dau sai" can tuyet dOi tranh Trong mot de thi cfmg khong nen xuat hian qua nhiau cau hoi c6 lua ch9n kiau nay

- Han the sir dung cau phu dinh, dac biet la cau c6 2 Fan phu dinh Viec sir dung cau clang nay chi la r0i tu duy cua thi sinh khi suy nghi tim dap an Sir dung cau clang nay lam tang d0 kho cau hoi, ma d0 kho Ay lai khong nam

Neu nhat thiat phai dung cau clang nay thi can lam not bat tir phu dinh (bang each in hoa va/hoac in dam)

- Cac phuong an lira chon can hoan toan d0c lap voi nhau, tranh trimg lap mot phan hoac hoan toan

- Neu c6 the, hay sap xap cac phuong an lira chon theo mot tat tu logic nhat dinh Viec lam nay se giam thiau cac d'au hiau kich thich thi sinh doan

me dap an

- Trong ding mot de thi, s'8 cau hoi c6 vi tri dap an la phuong an thir nhAt, thir hai, thir ba, nen g'an bang nhau Tranh mot de thi c6 qua nhieu cau hoi co dap an dau la phucmg an thir nhat hoac thir hai

- Cac phucmg an lira chon nen dng nhat vai nhau, co the ve y nghia, am thanh tir vung, d0 dai, thir nguyen, loci tir (danh tu, d0ng tir, tinh tir )

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- Trong mot so truong hop cu the, can chit y tinh thoi sir hoac thoi diem cita dir lieu dua ra trong cau hoi, nham dam bao tinh chinh xac cita du

va khong gay tranh cai ve dap an

- Phai chac chan c6 mot phucmg an la dung

3.6 Tr& nghiem trr lu(m

Theo cach dinh nghia tren, cau trac nghiem tkr Juan c6 4 diem dac trtmg, lchac vai cau trac nghiem khach quan, nhu sau:

+ Yeu cau thi sinh phai viet cau tra lot thay vi lira chgn;

+ Phan tra lai cita thi sinh phai bao gom tir 2 cau tra len;

+ Cho phdp moi thi sinh c6 kieu tra lei khac nhau;

+ Can c6 nguoi cham diem di' nang lirc de danh gia sir chinh xac va chat luting ctia cau hoi; danh gia nay mang sir chti quan ctia ngtroi cham diem Mac dit ggi la cau trac nghiem tir luan nhung ching to co the sir dung loai cau nay g tat ca cac mon hoc, tir nhom cac mon hoc xa hOi den cac mon khoa hoc t-tr nhien, ke ca toan hoc (chang han, kiem tra each to duy va lap luan cua thi sinh thong qua viec trinh bay cac buoy de giai mot bai toan)

b Liu &dm va km the caa cau trac nghiem tu

* Iru diem

- Danh gia dugc nhang nang lirc nhan thirc va to duy bac cao, nhu nang lirc thao luan ve mot van de, nang lirc trinh bay quan diem, nang lirc mieu to

Stalnaker, J M (1951) The Essay Type of Examination In E F Lindquist (Ed.),

Educational Measurement (pp 495-530) Menasha, Wisconsin: George Banta

18

va trinh bay theo quy trinh hoac he th6ng, nang 1pc than dien nguyen nhan

va trinh bay giai phap

- Phu hop d danh gia qua trinh to duy va lap luan cua thi sinh

- Mang lei trai nghiem thirc to cho thi sinh: Cau hoi t r luan thuang mang lai b6i canh de thi sinh the hien rang 1pc gin vai dgi song hon la cau trac nghiem Nhimg ki nang pha hop \led danh gia qua trac nghiem tkr luan nhu ki nang giai quyet van de, ki rang ra guy& dinh, ki rang lap luan bao ve quan

deu la nhung ki nang mangy nghia song con vai cuOc song

- Co the danh gia dugc thai dO cna nguai h9c thong qua viec tra 16i cau trac nghiem to luan, dieu nay rat kho thirc hien khi sir dpng cau trac nghiem khach quan

* Han chk

Chi danh gia dugc mot pham vi not dung nhdt dinh, kho dam bao tinh dai dien cho nOi dung can danh gia: bgi vi cau trac nghiem to luan can c6 thai gian de thi sinh tra 16i cau hoi, nen mot de kiem tra kh8ng the bao gam qua nhieu cau to luan, tir do dAn den khong the bao phu toan bO nhung not dung can danh gia, va kho dam bao dO gia tri cua cau hoi

Voi loai cau hai nay, thong thuong viet cau hoi thi nhanh nhung viec chdm diem thi ton th6i gian va dei hoi ngugi chdm diem phai thanh thao chuyen mon Viec chdm diem cung kho tranh khoi chi) quan cua ngugi chdm, anh huang den do tin cay cua ket qua danh gia Trinh dO, rang 1pc, hieu biet

ve thi sinh, them chi ca trang thai tam li cua nguei chdm diem deu co the anh huong den diem s6

Nhin chung, cau trac nghiem to luan sir dung phit hop nhAt de: (i) danh gia mirc dO nAm \rang mot nOi dung kien thirc thuOc mon h9c; (ii) danh gia kha nang lap luan cna ngugi h9c, sir dung kien thirc mon h9c

c Cdc dgng clan trac nghqm tyquein

CO the phan loai cau trac nghiem luan thanh hai nhom: Cau to luan co cau truc va Cau to luan mg Dm% day la hai vi du:

19

d cau tp luan nay, thi sinh dugc yeu cAu viet bai luan có do dai gioi han

2 trang, va nOi dung giai han 45 viec so sanh Cac yeu cAu cu the han ve not dung cling duck dua ra, the hi'n cua viec lien he vai trai nghiem thirc to cua

nguei h9c Ngoai ra, dau bai cling neu nhang tieu chi cham diem quan trong:

mac do rei rang, giai thich diem gi 'Ong va khac nhau, each lien he

Vai cau to luan duoi day, thi sinh hoan toan to do trong viec the hien quan diem, to do trong viec lira ch9n thong tin de dua vao phan tra lai, to do sap xep cac y, va to do 1pa chon tir ngir va cach din dat de trinh bay cau tra Loai cau hoi to luan ma rat pha hop de khuyen khich ngued h9c phat trien nang luc sang tao

Cau to lucin

Co nguoi not cong thirc cua tinh ban: "MEt muZing cua sir chia se, hai mutIng cua sir quan tam, mot muting cho str tha thir, trEn tat ca nhang did nay lai vai nhau se tao nen ngtroi ban mai mai" Hay binh luan ve cau not nay Hay dua

ra mot cong thirc cua rieng minh va dung kinh nghiem, str trai nghiem cua minh

de thuyet phyc mgi ngtroi

Thai gian lam bai: 40 phut

Cciu to lucin co cau frac:

ViEt mot bai luan ngan khoang 2 trang, so sanh hai khai niem "vi tha" va "ich

kS/" Bai luan can lien he vai (a) mot bEi canh hoac tinh hung cu the ma mot ngtrgi

có tinh "vi tha" hay "ich ky" gap phai; va (b) nhimg ngtreri ma h9 gap

Bai luan cila ban se dtrgc chAm diEm dua tren mire dE ro rang dia viec giai thich diem giEng va khac nhau glib hai khai niem tren, va cach lien he vai (a) boi canh, tinh huEng, va (b) nhirng nguai cu the

Thai gian lam bai: 40 phin

Cau tu luan có cAu truc phu h9p de danh gia cac b'ac nhan thirc nhu Nha, Hieu, Van citing, Phan tich, va kha nang to chirc, sap xep thong tin

Cau to luan ma phu hop de danh gia cac bac nhan thirc Hieu, Van dung, Phan tich, Danh gia; cac van de mang tinh tich hop, toan cau; cach thirc t6 chirc, sip xep thong tin; kha nang thuyet

20

M(4 so luu y khi vi f it c&u tr& nghrem tlr lufin:

- Chi nen sir di,ing cau to luan de danh gia nhung muc tieu day hgc ma neu danh gia bang cau trac nghiem khach quan thi se co nhitu han cht (vi du: nhcmg nang luc nhan thirc bac cao nhu phan tich, danh gia, sang tao) DAc bitt voi cau

to luan ma chi nen khai thac dt danh gia nang luc dank gia, sang tao

- DAt cau h6i phai dam bao nham dtri yeu cau thi sinh tht hitn Wang luc nhu muc tieu day h9c da dat ra Ntu sir dung cau to luan co cau true, phai dam bao sir dung dOng tir phii hop vai dOng tir da sir dung a muc tieu day hoc Ntu la cau to luan moi, phai dam bao cac tieu chi danh gia danh gia dugc muc tieu day hoc

- Yeu cau cua cau hoi can dugc lam ro toi nguai hoc thong qua van phong

ro rang va ngAn gun Sir dung nhimg tir chi hanh dOng cu tht nhu mieu ta, giai thich, so sanh, neu uu ditm va nhugc Tranh dung nhimg &Ong tir ma

hO, trim tuong nhu "van dung", vi nguai hoc c6 tht kh8ng bitt can lam gi khi dugc yeu cau "van dung" Vai mot so muc tieu danh gia ky v9ng ve so lugng lap luan hay van dt ma nguai hoc can trinh bay, cau hOi ciing cAn neu 1'6 so luong nay Vai cau to luan co cau truc, nguai day nen ding nguai hoc xay dung bai mau, hoc cac tieu chi danh gia de nguai hoc hitu ro cau hoi hcm va vitc cham ditm ding se khach quan hon

- Vbi cau trac nghitm to luan, khong nen cho phep thi sinh Iva ch9n cau h6i gifra cac cau hoi tuang duang nhau Vic sir dung cau to luan da lam giam tinh dai din cua not dung danh gia, vitc cho phep thi sinh lira chgn cau hoi mot Fan nira lam giam tinh dai din nay Hon nira, m6i thi sinh có tht co hung thii voi cau hoi nay han la cau hoi khac, vitc cho thi sinh lira chon cau hoi se lam cho vitc danh gia tra nen thitu cong bang

- Can nhac de giao du thai gian lam bai cho moi cau hoi Teen eft Icitm tra nen ghi ro khuytn ngh1 thai gian lam bai va dO dai phAn tra loi cau hoi (ntu CO tht) Can tinh toan de thi sinh c6 du thai gian dgc de bai, suy nghi va vitt cau tra loi Khong nen co qua nhitu cau hoi to luau trong mot de kitm tra

21

- Cong viec chAm diem bai hr luAn co the bi anh huong bai mot so yeu

to gay thien kien nhu: chinh ta, cach hanh van, chit VIET, cach lAy vi hieu biet cua nguai chAm diem ve thi sinh giam thieu sit anh huang nay, viec chAm diem can tap trung vao nwc tieu day h9c ma chtIng to can danh gia, sir dung cac lieu chi danh gia da thong nhAt tir tnrac Vai cau to luAn tra lai co cau true, co the xay dung lieu chi danh gia va thang diem tren mot bai tra lai mau DOng theyi, nen d9c phach bai kiem tra tnrot khi chAm diem Tien hanh chAm diem toan b0 bai lam cua mot cau hoi (a tat ca cac bai kiem tra) truac khi chuyen sang cau tiep theo nhimg bai kiem tra mang )", nghia quan tr9ng d6i vai thi sinh, nen CO 2-3 ngued chAm diem ding danh gia mot bai kiem tra

22

Mirc dO dinh gia

III GIOI THIt1.1 BAN DAC TA CUA CAP HOC

3.1 Bdng mo td mar 610 ddnh gib man Tin lux lop 6

Mitic do dan h gia

NKin biet

— Phan bi t cluvc thOng t in vai vat mang t in

— Neu dirge cac Int.& co ban trong xix Ii t hong t in

Dun v i kien thu•c

Ni)i dung kien th irc

Chii de A May tinh

Mtic dO danh gia Thong hien

Van dyng

Nhan Wet

— Biet &ivy bit la don vi nh6 nhAt trong luu tril thong tin

Thong hien

Van dyng cao

— Xac dinh dugc kha nang luu trir cua cac thiet bi nha thong dung nhu dia quang, dia tix, dia ding, USB, CD, the nha,

Nhan bitt

Dan vi kien thirc

NOi dung kien thirc

2 Chti de B Mang may

tfnh va Internet

Muc dO danh gia

—

Neu ducc cac thanh phan chu yeu cua met mang may tinh (may tinh va cac thiet bi ket n6i) va ten cua met vai thiet bi mang ca ban nhu may tinh, cap nei, Switch, Access Point,

— Neu &lac cac dac diem va ich lqi chinh cua Internet

website, trinh duyet

Van dung cao

—

Don vi kin thirc

khoan email, soan thu, giri thu, nhan thu, tra lai dux, chuyen tip thu va dung xuat hop thu trong mOt so tinh hung thgc tien

Nh4n biet

Trinh bay dugc tam quan trong cua su an toan va hop phap dia thong tin

ca nhan va tap the, neu duct vi du minh hoa

—

Nhan dien dugc mOt so thong diep (chang han email, yeu cau ke't ban, lin

mO'i tham gia cau lac b0, ) lira ciao hoac mang n6i dung xdu

V4n dyng

—

gia Internet vOi su huang an ciia giao vien

Neu dugc cac chirc nang ac trung cua nhCing phan mem soan thao van ban

Dan vi hien thirc

5 Chii de E frng dyng 1 Soan thao van ban

Ni dung kien thirc

danh gia Van dung

Trinh bay dugc thong tin a clang bang

Van dung cao

cac 5, tuang, khai niem

Van du ng cao

— Sir dung dugc phAn mem de tao sa do to duy dart gian phuc vu hoc tap va trao d6i thong tin

Khai niem thuat town

Mar di) danh gia Nh'an Wet

man hinh cam ang, may quet, camera, )

— Biet duce chac nang cua mgt so thiet bi vao ra trong thu thap, tau tilt, VI

li va truyen thong tin (Chu6t, ban phfm, man hinh, loa, man hinh cam mg, may quet, camera, )

Thong hi'eu

Oo•n vi kien thirc

va cong ding thanh phan coa may

Mac dO danh gia Van dung

viec, sao luu du lieu, qua virus )

Thong hien

—

Giai thich ducrc chirc nang dieu khie'n cua he dieu hanh, qua dO phan biet

&roc he dieu hanh vai phan mem ang dung

—

Phan biet chive loai tap thong qua pi-Ian ma rang

V'Yn dy ng

guy& cac nhiem vu khac nhau trong hoc tap va trong cuec sang

Mang xd hei va met

se kenh trao dei thong tin thong dung tren Internet

NOi dung Men thirc

Chii de C TO chac

trao dOi thong tin

Mire dO danh gia

— Neu &roc ten kenh va th6ng tin trao d6i chinh tren kenh d6 nhtx Youtube cho phdp trao doi, chia se .ve Video; Website nha trtrerng chira cac thong

—

se, thao Juan va trao d6i thOng tin

Nh4n hitt

—

Neu doge each img xir hop li khi gap tren mang hoac cac kenh truyen th6ng

Thong hien

—

Neu &roc mOt so vi du truy cap khong hop re vao cac ngu'On thong tin va kenh truyen thong tin

Dan vi Men third

3 Chu de D Dao &iv, Van hod img xir qua

phap 1u4t va van hoi phtrang tien truyen

trong moi truirng so thong s6

NOi dung kien third

Mirc dq danh gia V4n dung

— Thuc hien duqc giao tiep qua mang (Ulric tuyen hay khong truc tuyen) theo

— Thuc hien duqc met se phep toan thong dung, sir dung &lac met s6 ham

Sir dung duce cong thirc va diing duqc dia chi trong cong thirc, too duqc

Mar dO danh gia Nhan biet

— Tao dirge mi)t bao cdo co tieu de, cat' true phan cap, anh minh hoa, hieu Ung Ong

5 Chti de F GM quyet Mot so thuat toan sap

van de vii scr try* xep va tim kiem ca

gitip dm may fifth ban

3.3 Bang me to mere d deinh gid mon Tin hgc lop 8

Mtk dO danh gia Nh'an Wet

—

Trinh bay dugc so luoc ljch sir phat trier' may tinh

Thong hien

Nhan hitt

chuyen doi, truyen va )(Cr li hieu qua

Thong hien

—

tin trong moi twang so

NOi dung kien thirc

Chit de A May tinh

Muc dt) danh gia Thong hien

dugc vi du minh hoa

am, quay phim, chup anh khi khong dirge phep, dung cdc san pham van hod

vi pham ban quyen,

bang bang tinh dien

Mirc d(I danh gia Van dung

—

Thkrc hien duqc cac thao tac Lao bieu d6, loc va sap x'ep dCt lieu Neu duqc mOt

s6 tinh hu ng thi rc to can sir dung cac chirc nang do ciia phan mem bang tinh

—

Sao chep duqc dCr lieu tir cac tep van ban, trang trinh chieu sang trang tfnh

Van dyng cao

—

Sir dung duvc phAn mem bang tinh trq giup giai quyet bai toan thkrc te

Van dung

—

Sir dung duqc phan mem soar' thao:

hoa trong van ban, tao danh sach clang liet ke, danh s6 trang, them dau trang va chan trang

—

Sir dung dtrqc phan mem trinh chieu:

+ Sir dung duqc cac ban mh (template)

Van dung cao

trong phAn mem trinh chieu

Dan vi kin thirc

Mirc do) danh gia Thong hien

—

phan mem chinh saa anh

Van dung cao

—

Sir dung duqc cac khai niem hang, bien, kieu du lieu, bieu thirc a cac chuang

trinh dan gian

Chu thin, tim loi va si'm dugc l8i cho chuang trinh

Dan vi Men thirc

Mtk dO Minh gia Nh4n biet

—

cong viec

—

den ang dung tin hoc

Thong hieu

V4n dung: Van dung nheing hieu biet de km& dau dinh htrang nghe cho ban than

Don vi Men thirc

nai (trong gia dinh, o truarig hoc, cua hang, benh vien, cong so, nha

Dan vi kien thirc