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Trang 1MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
NGUYEN DANG THAO NGUYEN
URBANIZATION AND ITS IMPACT
ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF
DANANG CITY
Major : Geography Code : 9.31.05.01
DOCTORAL DISSERTATION IN GEOGRAPHY
HA NOI - 2022
Trang 2The PhD Thesis was completed at
HANOI UNVIERSITY OF EDUCATION
Scientific Supervisors:
1 Prof.Dr Nguyen Viet Thinh
2 Assoc.Prof.Dr Dau Thi Hoa
Members of the Evaluation Committee:
1 Prof Dr Truong Quang Hai
University of Social Sciences and Humanities - Hanoi National University
2 Assoc Prof Dr Vu Dinh Hoa
Phenikaa University
3 Assoc Prof Dr Duong Quynh Phuong
Thai Nguyen University of Education
Trang 31
INTRODUCTION
1 The urgency of the thesis
The research on urbanization has great significance both in science and in practice, because Urbanization is a part of the socio-economic economy, it is influenced by many factors both natural and population, economy, culture, society, and at the same time, Urbanization also affects back, changing population, labor force, changing economic structure, infrastructure, urban space, changing lifestyle, quality of life of the urban population, strongly affecting the socio-economic of the city and the country
Da Nang, from a provincial city, was separated in 1997, with small space, undeveloped urban infrastructure, poor investment attraction ability, and lack of economic motivation
Urbanization of the city has taken place rapidly since 2003, when the city was recognized as a class
I urban area, a city directly under the central government until now The proportion of urban
population is high, from 79.1% in 2003 to 87.3% in 2020, ranking first in the country Urban space has expanded 4 times, urban economy is growing, GRDP scale in 2020 is more than 103.0 trillion VND, and ranking 11th out of 63 provinces and cities, GRDP structure with strength is service - industry (87.6%) Urbanization has spent 18 years, has its own characteristics, contain the mark of nature and people of Quang region With the desire to clarify the characteristics of Urbanization in
Da Nang city in the period 2003 - 2020; impact of urbanization on the socio-economic development
of the city; solutions to realize the goal of building Da Nang city set by the Politburo and the city
government, the Doctoral student chooses the topic “Urbanization and its Impact on the Economic Development of Danang City” for doctoral dissertation
Socio-2 Objectives and aims of research
2.1 Objective
The objective of the dissertation is the theoretical basis system on Urbanization and its impact on socio-economic development; Research on Urbanization and its impact on socio-economic development of Da Nang city from the perspective of Socio-Economic Geography; From there, propose solutions for Urbanization and its impact on the socio-economic development of Da Nang by 2030
- Analyzing the impact of Urbanization on socio-economic development in the study area
- Proposing solutions on Urbanization and its impact on socio-economic development in Da Nang to 2030 effectively and sustainably
Trang 4+ About Society: Impact of Urbanization on labor - employment; growth of GRDP and cultural life of people in the area
3.2 Scope of research space
- The Research on Urbanization in the administrative territory of Da Nang mainly focuses
on 6 inner city districts and some communes in Hoa Vang district
- In addition, the research place Da Nang in the Central Vietnam key economic region and the Central Highlands region
3.3 About the time
The research on Urbanization of Da Nang is for the period from 2003 to 2020, which is the period when Da Nang is recognized as a grade I city, directly under the central government; The data on the impact of Urbanization on socio-economic development are mainly taken from Da Nang Statistical Yearbook in the period 2003 – 2020
4 Approach and research method
4.1 Approach method
The dissertation has applied 5 approach methods: systematize, territorial, synthesis,
historical perspective and sustainable development perspective
4.2 Research methods
The dissertation has used some main research methods: method of collecting and processing documents, method of analysis, comparison, synthesis, method of survey and sociological
investigation, method of map and geographic information systems (GIS), and expert method
5 Scientific and practical of dissertation
- Scientific significance: The thesis contributes to clarifying more theoretical and practical issues about Urbanization and its impact on socio-economic development, selecting evaluation criteria and urban research methods suitable to apply for Da Nang City
- Practical significance:
+ The dissertation clarifies the advantages and disadvantages of factors affecting Urbanization
in Da Nang City, analyze the reality of Urbanization in Da Nang City in the period 2003 – 2020, Assess qualitatively the impacts of Urbanization on socio-economic development of Da Nang city and Propose solutions with scientific basis on Urbanization and its positive and effective impacts on the socio-economic development of Da Nang City in the future
+ From the above results, the research can serve as a reference for the urban urbanization practice of Da Nang city in the period 2003 - 2020 for the city's authorities in urban planning and development in the next period
Chapter 3 Impact of urbanization on socio-economic development in Da Nang city
Chapter 4 Solutions on urbanization and its impact on socio-economic development in Da Nang
Trang 53
Chapter 1
SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF URBANIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
1.1 Overview of research related to the topic
1.1.1 Research situation in the world and Vietnam
- Research direction on Urbanization
The dissertation has approached the document system to present concepts and terms related
to Urbanization The concepts of Urban Region, Urbanization, the characteristics and complexity of Urbanization and the parallel relationship between Urbanization, Industrialization, population,
economy, culture and society are mentioned very early in the works "General Theory of Urbanization" by Cerda in 1867, by Michael Spence, by SSRC in the 1960s, Brian.T Berry in 1976
and the authors' research in the last decades of the twentieth century and the beginning of the
twenty-first century such as Harold Carter's "Research on Urban Geography" in 1985, Alan
Rabinowitz, David Drakakis in 2000, Michael Spence, Pierre Laborde in 2020 The dissertation
also accesses documents on Urbanization of Vietnamese authors, typically the works "Vietnamese Urban Region" volume 1, 2 by Dam Trung Phuong (1995), the work "Ethnology - Urban Region and urbanization” by Mac Duong 2002 and many other authors; Dissertation also approached the
literature on factors affecting the urbanization process, notably the studies presented and discussed during the XXIII International Congress of Geography in Moscow (1976), researching the factors affecting Urbanization from a geographical perspective
Regarding the evaluation criteria of Urbanization, the dissertation approached the evaluation documents of the United Nations on assessing urban population use; N.G.Fian uses two criteria: population and territorial space; The set of criteria of the UN Organization - Habitat provides 5 criteria with 23 indicators; Li – Yin Shen offers 4 criteria with 127 indicators and many other evaluations by Wang Yeu, Vichit Lorchirachoonkul The dissertation also approached the research works of Dam Trung Phuong, Do Thi Minh Duc, Nguyen Huu Doan on determining criteria to
evaluate Urbanization Especially in the work "Evaluation of Urbanization in Vietnam - Technical Assistance Report" of the World Bank, 5 transformations in Urbanization were used to evaluate
- Research direction on the impact of Urbanization
In this research direction, in the world and in Vietnam, the dissertation approaches many documents assessing the impact of urbanization on the economy, culture, society, environment, and people from different angles The research showing the general theory is of David Drakakis - Smith,
he thinks that the demographic factors Socio-economic - environmental are the key factors affecting Urbanization in any country in the world The interaction between these factors will determine the sustainability or not of a city; each different angle has many research authors; from the perspective
of Urbanization affecting the population, there are documents of David E Bloom; Michael Timberlake and Alan Rabinowitz; James H Spener; From the perspective of urbanization on economic impact, there are many studies by organizations such as UNESCO, UNDP, WB, ADB with the aim of clarifying the links between globalization and Urbanization and many individual studies According to the authors: Michael Spence, Nhieu Hoi Lam, the authors believe that urbanization is the driving force to change the economic structure, the labor structure in the direction of increasing the proportion in Regions II and III, sharply decreasing in Region I, leading
to rapid urban economic growth, the emergence of urban economy; Urbanization's impact on society, notably the United Nations document "Population, urbanization and quality of life" (1994),
Trang 6refers to the positive impacts of Urbanization such as job creation, people's income growth, living standards, culture, fertility and family Scale, affecting the whole rural area In addition to the positive side, some authors also mentioned the negative side of Urbanization such as David Drakakis in "Third World Cities", Michael Pacione, Brian JL Berry said Urbanization in "third world" countries facing a series of problems such as overcrowding, lack of housing, unemployment, lack of clean water, environmental pollution, widening gap between rich and poor, increasing social evils The dissertation also has access to documents in Vietnam such as Dao Hoang Tuan, Do Thi Thanh Hoa, Vu Que Huong, Pham Thi Xuan Tho that research on the impact of Population Urbanization and Migration; The direction to study the impact of Urbanization in terms of geography inludes Le Thong, Nguyen Minh Tue, Do Thi Minh Duc
1.1.2 Researches on Urbanization in Da Nang
In fact, there are not many researches on Urbanization and its impact on Socio-economic in
Da Nang the document "History of Da Nang City" by Duong Trung Quoc et al (2001) refers to the place name and the formation of Da Nang city in historical periods; document "Da Nang Achievements and Prospects", by Nguyen Duc Hung (2015) and some research works related to
Urbanization and its impact on economic aspects - society of Da Nang such as the study of urban lifestyle construction in the process of Urbanization in Da Nang, by Pham Hao et al (2006); research on employment for farmers whose land is acquired in the process of Industrialization and Urbanization in Da Nang by Nguyen Dung Anh (2014); study on the influence of FDI investment
on sustainable urbanization in Da Nang by Nguyen Thi Thoa (2014); study on the impact of immigrants on socio-economic development in Da Nang by Nguyen Nu Doan Vy (2018); In addition, there are articles on Urbanization in Da Nang published in journals and websites of the authors talking about the achievements and limitations of Urbanization in Da Nang, orientations, planning and development solutions in the future
1.1.3 Application of general research to the topic
- Research contents that can be inherited
On the basis of reference to published researches of authors in many different fields, it allows the author to inherit some important contents such as the theoretical and practical basis of Urbanization and the criteria assessment of Urbanization; Impact of Urbanization on Socio-economic and criteria for assessing the impact of Urbanization on Socio-economic
- Topics that need further research
Through the analysis of published researches, the author finds that, although the author have mentioned aspects of the research object in Dissertation, there are still some contents that need to be further studied and elucidated: Factors affecting Urbanization and the status of Urbanization in Da Nang; Impact of Urbanization on Socio-Economic Development in Da Nang; Orientations and Urbanization solutions and its impact on socio-economic development in the period to 2030
1.2 Theoretical basis of Urbanization and its impact on socio-economic development
1.2.1 Urbanization problems
1.2.1.1 Concepts of Urban Region and Urbanization
- Urban Region is "an urban region is an region with a high density of population living and
mainly operating in the non-agricultural economic sector, as a political, administrative, economic, cultural or professional center that play a role in promoting the socio-economic development of a country or a territory or a locality
- Urbanization is a socio-economic process whose manifestation is the rapid increase in the number and Scale of urban settlements, the concentration of people in large and extremely large
Trang 7cultural, environmental and spatial issues
1.2.1.3 Factors affecting urbanization
The dissertation analyses three groups of factors in depth: (1) Geographical location and territory; (2) Natural conditions and natural resources; (3) Socio-economic factors (history of territory formation, population and labor, level of development of economic, science and
technology, context of integration and globalization, sources of FDI capital and policy institutions ) 1.2.1.4 Criteria for assessing urbanization
The dissertation inherits the Urbanization evaluation criteria system in previous documents and studies and based on the fact that the study area has selected 5 groups of evaluation criteria suitable for the process of Urbanization in Da Nang, including: (1) Urban functions; (2) Urban population; (3) Urban economy; (4) Urban infrastructure; (5) The expansion of urban space
1.2.2 The impact of urbanization on socio-economic development
1.2.2.1 Positive effects
Urbanization promotes economic growth mainly by increasing labor productivity and shifting the economic structure towards the trend from agriculture to industry and services; Urbanization creates modern and synchronous infrastructure development; Urbanization promotes attraction of domestic and foreign investment capital; Urbanization creates a large consumption market, stimulating the development of manufacturing industries attracting a qualified workforce, creating jobs for workers, improving incomes and living standards, medical conditions, health care, better education in rural areas, popularizing lifestyles civilized city
1.2.2.2 Negative effects
To a certain extent, Urbanization creates disparities in economic development between urban and rural areas; urban infrastructure is overloaded; reduce the rate of rural labor; causing pressure on employment/unemployment and housing problems, social evils; creating a disparity between rich and poor
1.2.2.3 Criteria for assessing the impact of urbanization on socio-economic development
The criteria that the author chooses to assess the impact of Urbanization on the economic development of Da Nang, include: (1) Criteria to assess the impact of Urbanization on the economy (Speed of development and economic restructuring; The development of key economic sectors associated with the sea such as industry, seaports, tourism; Development of transport infrastructure); (2) Criteria for assessing the impact of urbanization on society (Labor/employment; GRDP growth/person; People's living standards)
1.3 Practical basis for urbanization
The dissertation focuses on analyzing and evaluating the reality of Vietnam's urbanization in the period 2003 - 2020 on the following aspects: assessment of the actual situation of urbanization, achievements and limitations, characteristics of urbanization in Vietnam The dissertation also approaches the practical experiences of Urbanization in two cities at the same level as Da Nang, Hai Phong and Can Tho, to draw lessons learned when researching Urbanization and its impact to the
Socio-Economics in Da Nang
Trang 8
Chapter 2
THE URBANIZATION SITUATION IN DA NANG CITY
2.1 Factors affecting Urbanization in Da Nang
2.1.1 Geographical location and territory of Da Nang (Da Nang Administrative map)
Da Nang city has a natural land area: 1,284.73 km2, Da Nang has 6 urban districts and 1 district, with 56 administrative units at ward and commune level
Da Nang is the largest coastal city in the Central Viet Nam region, with a very favorable geographical position: Located in the middle of the country, like a bridge connecting two big cities Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City; As the gateway to the sea of the Central Highlands; In the center of the Central Vietnam key economic region; Located at the eastern gate of the East-West Economic Corridor; Located at the entrance of the world's natural and cultural heritage
With this special geographical location, it creating favorable conditions for economic, cultural, scientific and technical exchanges and cooperation and attracting investment with localities in the country, in the region and internationally, has an impact and accelerate the urbanization process
2.1.2 Natural conditions and natural resources
2.1.2.1 Terrain and land
- Terrain: Da Nang has a relatively diverse topography, the cross-section from East to West
with different types of terrain: the sea and the East coast about 30 km long, the shoals and underground depressions, along the shore, there are many beaches , nice view; coastal plain is low and flat land favorable for agriculture and construction of industrial, service, military facilities and functional areas of the city; The mountainous terrain occupies a large area in the West, where many watershed forests are concentrated and is significant for the protection of the ecological environment of the city
- Land: the current status of land use from 2003 to 2020 of Da Nang City according to the trend of decreasing agricultural land area, increasing non-agricultural land area, by 2020, agricultural land area will account for 6.66%, non-agricultural land area will account for 43 42%, forestry land area accounts for 48.8%, unused land is very little, only 1.1%, this is a limitation for Urbanization
2.1.2.2 Climate and water Resources
Da Nang locates in the monsoon sub-equatorial climate zone, the temperature is high and low volatility, the average temperature is about 25.6oC, the highest temperature in the months of June, August and August is from 28-30oC The lowest temperature in December, 1 and 2 is from 18
to 23oC The average air humidity is 83.4% The rainfall of Da Nang is high with the average 2,505mm/year, the rainfall is very distinct by seasons: the rainy season is from August to December, the average rainfall is 161.4mm/month; The dry season is from January to July, the smallest is in the months of February, April, about 23-40mm/month Da Nang is a place heavily affected by natural disasters such as wind storms, tides, tsunamis and strongly affected by climate change Basically, Da Nang's climate is still favorable for the process of urbanization and socio-economic development
The territory of Da Nang includes land and sea; the city's water resources are quite rich in both underground and surface water Total flow is about 12.3 billion m3/year, but unevenly distributed (rainy season accounts for 65-80%, dry season accounts for only 20-35%) Da Nang has two main rivers, the Han River and the Cu De River, but the city's water supply is mainly taken from the Vu Gia River, which flows through the Yen River to the Cau Do River
2.1.2.3 Marine resources
- Da Nang has a coastline of about 30 km, a sea area of over 15,000 km2, forecasted seafood reserves is about 1,136,000 tons, Da Nang is an important fishing ground of the Central Viet Nam
Trang 10region, exploiting from 150,000 to 200,000 tons seafood/year
- Da Nang Bay has an area of 116 km2, 46 km in circumference, with an average depth of
10 - 17m, is a closed bay very convenient for port construction, large ships with a tonnage of up to 50,000 tons are able to easy access to the bay The location is convenient for transporting goods to domestic ports, Southeast Asia and Asia - Pacific
- The sea and coast of Danang are blessed with many beautiful beaches, good beaches, the most notably is My Khe, Non Nuoc, Bac My An, Xuan Thieu, Lang Van, Tien Sa, Bai But beaches that creates for Da Nang to have outstanding advantages in marine tourism, strongly impact on
Urbanization, in urban planning and design with tourism function
2.1.2.4 Forest resources
Geological conditions, topography and climate make Da Nang quite rich biodiversity Currently, Da Nang has a forest area of about 67,148 ha, mainly concentrated in the west and northwest of the city, including 3 types of forests: special-use forests, protection forests and production forests Forest coverage rate is 49.6%, timber reserve is about 3 million m³ The city's forests are concentrated in 3 unique nature reserves, Ba Na nature reserve, Son Tra nature reserve and Nam Hai Van cultural and historical area The city's forests have special significance in protecting the ecological environment, improving the quality of the urban environment and the
value of tourism development (Map of natural factors)
2.1.3 Socioeconomic
2.1.3.1 History of Da Nang urban formation
Da Nang is a city with a long history, associated with the history of the nation's expansion and also with the history of the Land of Quang Right from the Sa Huynh - Cham Pa period, economic activities besides agriculture and fishery, trade by sea were also active; By the Nguyen Dynasty, Da Nang was already a commercial port, an important military port, the largest in the Central region; During the French colonial period, Da Nang officially became a port city and over the period of the Republic of Vietnam continued to be built and developed to become the second largest city in the South
Since the country's unification, Da Nang became an urban center of Quang Nam - Da Nang province, in 1997, Da Nang was officially recognized as a city directly under the central government and in 2003 Da Nang was recognized as a Grade 1 urban center directly under the central government This is a great motivation to promote the process of Urbanization and development with the goal of becoming a big city in Vietnam
2.1.3.2 Population – labor force
- Population: is a factor that directly affects Urbanization and the socio-economic
development of the city Da Nang's population in 2020 will reach 1,169,480 people (an increase of 1.54 times compared to 2003), accounting for nearly 1.2% of the country's population, ranking 38th out of 63 provinces and ranking 5/5 centrally-run cities
- In each district administrative unit, the fluctuations in size and population growth rate are different: the two central districts of Thanh Khe and Hai Chau always account for a large proportion and grow rapidly in the first stage; from 2006 to 2010, the periphery and suburban areas have rapid population growth rate; From 2010 to 2020, the growth rate in the central area begins to slow down The growth rate is higher in resettlement areas, new urban areas, and areas near industrial zones The highest is Lien Chieu district with 7.4%/year, followed by Cam Le, Ngu Hanh Son (mainly increased by mechanization)
- Labor force
Along with population growth, the city's working labor force increased rapidly, in 2003 there were
Trang 12355.8 thousand people, of which working laborers were 337.4 thousand people, by 2020, this force will increase to 586.2 thousand people in which the labor force is working is 534.5 thousand people,
an increase of 1.6 times With that increase, it creates an abundant labor source, capable of meeting the labor demand for economic sectors, especially Industry and Services, which is a condition to promote investment and development
2.1.3.3 Economic development level
Along with population growth, the city's working labor force increased rapidly, in 2003 there were 355.8 thousand people, of which the working labors were 337.4 thousand people, by
2020 this will increase to 586.2 thousand people There are 534.5 thousand people currently working, an increase of 1.6 times With that increase, creating an abundant labor source, capable of meeting the labor demand for economic sectors, especially industry and service, is a condition to promote investment development
2.1.3.4 Science and technology
Science and technology have a strong impact on Urbanization, especially the 4.0 revolution Revolution 4.0 affects Urbanization in all aspects such as management and control of Urbanization and all activities such as urban transport, industry, service, social activities, and at the same time towards development Modern smart city development
In 2014, the city approved the project "Smarter city", deployed many smart applications and utilities in the digital environment, forming digital data and sharing data with each other; deploying Open Data Portal to provide data and publicize information to people and businesses Specifically,
it has piloted smart applications in a number of specialized fields such as: in smart administration,
deploying the Mini IOC centralized monitoring system and 6 smart city services
2.1.3.5 Globalization and attracting foreign direct investment
- Globalization creates the cross-border circulation of capital, labor and goods flows, and markets, promotes the development of countries, and also creates strong competition in development Da Nang has had many strategic solutions to strengthen development cooperation in fields such as industry, Hi-Tech, Information technology, tourism , creating many key products
to participate into regional and global markets Da Nang's commodity competitiveness is always highly appreciated by partners
- The city actively reformed administration, has many policies to attract FDI capital, creating great resources for socio-economic development and promoting urbanization As of 2020, cumulative valid FDI projects are 884 projects, with a total registered capital of 3,598.2 million USD The sectors attracting the strongest FDI capital are the processing and manufacturing industry, accounting for 49.9%, the real estate business accounting for 19.8%, the accommodation and catering services accounting for 10.4% Countries with large FDI capital are Singapore accounted for 28.2%, Japan accounted for 21.3%, the United States accounted for 14.7%
2.1.3.6 Institutions and policies
The important legal documents directing the Urbanization and Socio-economic development
of Da Nang City are: Resolution No 33/QD-TW (2003) on the construction and development of Da Nang City in the period of industrialization and modernization of the country; According to the Prime Minister's decision to establish CFEZ (2004), Da Nang City is identified as a city that plays the role of a growth nucleus, creating a driving force to promote development for Central Vietnam key economic region and the Central Highlands region; Resolution No 43 - NQ/TW (2019) of the Politburo on construction and development of Da Nang City to 2030 with a vision to 2045 This is the legal key to accelerate the process of Urbanization, turning Da Nang City into a civilized and
modern city of the whole country
Trang 14In addition to favorable natural, socio-economic conditions, Da Nang also has difficulties and limitations affecting the process of Urbanization Da Nang is an area frequently affected by natural disasters, storms and floods with strong devastation, greatly affecting the city's infrastructure, material and technical facilities and socio-economic development; The natural land area is not large, the unused land area is still small, thus limiting the development of urban space; The source of high-quality, young, dynamic and creative labor has not yet been strongly attracted at
domestic and abroad to work and live (Map of socio-economic factors)
2.2 Status of Urbanization in Da Nang
Over 17 years of urbanization, Da Nang has achieved many important achievements reflected in a number of evaluation criteria: urban function, population Scale, economy and urban
space expansion
2.2.1 Urban function
In 2003, Da Nang was recognized as a grade I urban center directly under the Central Government,
Da Nang city really transformed rapidly, performing its function as a general city: as a major economic center of the country in tourism, Industry, banking and financial services; cultural, physical training and sport center, education and training center, center of Science, Technology and Industry of the Central Viet Nam region - Central Highlands; is an important transport and telecommunications hub in the region, nationally and internationally; is an area holding an important strategic position in terms of national defense and security in the South Central region, Central Highlands and the whole country
2.2.2 Urban population Scale
2.2.2.1 Urban population Scale in the period 2003 - 2020
a Population Scale
- Population increased 1.6 times after 18 years Average annual increase of 20.2 thousand
people, the period 2003 - 2010 the growth rate is 2.62%/year, the growth in the period 2010 - 2020
is 2.54%
- The population growth of Da Nang city is due to natural increase and mechanical increase,
in which the rate of natural increase is small, averaging from 1.15 to 1.25%/year However, the population of the city is still growing rapidly due to the high rate of mechanical increase compared
to other cities in the country and the highest compared to the central provinces, reaching an average
of 1.0%/year There are three main reasons for the high number of immigrants to Da Nang City in recent years: (1) due to economic purposes; (2) due to better living conditions; (3) Da Nang has the fastest urbanization process in the country, which has changed the face of the city, attracting domestic and foreign investors Moreover, policies and procedures on immigration and residential land are also more open All reasons create the attraction of people from neighboring provinces, most are the Central Coast and Central Highlands provinces
This shows a positive side in attracting quality labor force, meeting the needs of economic development and Urbanization, but it also puts a lot of pressure on job creation, housing and other social problems
b Urban population Scale
Da Nang city is an urban area with an urban population and a high percentage of urban population, in 2003 the urban population rate was 79.1%, from 2003 to 2020, the process of rapid urbanization, urban space expanded, economic structure changed, diversified non-agricultural service activities, urban population increased from 591.0 thousand people (2003) to 1020.4 thousand people (2020) 87.3%, ranked first in the country Urban economy shifted from agriculture
to industry and service, new districts were established, communes were merged into districts,
Trang 15- Regarding the structure of urban and rural labor: due to the strong development of industry and service activities, many laborers have been attracted to urban areas, accounting for a high proportion, accounting for 73.4% of the total labor in 2003, by 2020, accounting for 84.5%, rural labor will decrease from 26.6 to 15.5%
- Regarding the structure of labor by economic sector: the economic structure by industry group has rapidly shifted from agriculture to service and industry, leading to a shift in labor structure from agriculture to service and industry In 2003, the labor rate in agriculture was 30.2%, in industry was 31.8%, in service was 38% By 2020, the index will be: 3.3%, respectively; 28.4%; 68.3%
The increase in the labor force and labor restructuring in recent years in Da Nang City is the
result of the rapid urbanization process, in line with the socio-economic development process
2.2.3 Urban economy
2.2.3.1 GRDP Scale
From 2003 to 2020, the city's GRDP scale continuously increased and reached VND 101,233.0 billion, an increase of 20.5 times compared to 2003 In which, the two industries- construction and services increased rapidly that accounted for a large proportion The agriculture, forestry and fishery accounted for a small proportion and gradually decreased This proportion is consistent with the economic restructuring of the city Some economic indicators of Da Nang are shown in the following table:
Table 2.8 Scale of GRDP of the city in the period 2003 – 2020
63189,0 18/63 5/5
101233,0 11/63
-
100 5,1
50,2 43,2 1,5
100 3,8
42,0 51,6 2,6
100 2,0
30,8 56,4 10,8
100 2,2
22,3 65,1 10,4
3 GRDP
(Price 2010)
Billion VND
3390,2 (Price SS-94)
6236,3 (Price SS-94)
28902,0 49381,0 63907,0
Source: Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam and Da Nang City by years [16]