GIỚI THIỆU CÁC LOẠI MẠCH THEO YHCT VÀ YHHĐ

~ ~ £>1 1 HQC Y DLIQC THANH PH6H6 CHi MINH Gl61 THI~u cAc Lo~tM~CH I THEO YHCT VA YHHfl ~ BSCK2 HUYNH TAN vo STf N(HDUNG TRANG I 11 • 1 MACHTUQNG 02 r ~ ~ ~ I ,, 3 2 MACH B~NH LY 23 NHOM MACH PHU.GIỚI THIỆU CÁC LOẠI MẠCH THEO YHCT VÀ YHHĐ

NHOM MACH PHU: PHU, HONG, NHU, TAN, KHA.U, eACH 25- 36

4 NHOM MACH TRAM: TRAM, PHl)C, LAO, NHU'Q'C 37-45

5 NHOM MACH CH!M: TRI HOAN, SAP, KET 46-54

7 NHOIVI MACH HU': HU', VI, TE, DhJ, DOAN 64-74

8 NHOM MACH THlJC: THlJC, HOAT, KHAN, HUYEN, TRU'CYNG 75-89

Gl6'1 THIEU CAC LOAI MACH

Gl61 THIEU CAC LOAI MACH

VI TRI M~CH (M~CH VI) · •

SAU TRAM

Gl6'1 THI~U CA.C LO~I M~CH

YEU TO T~O TH A NH

3

T INH CHAT CUA NHIP M~CH (TIET LU~N CUA M~CH)

Sinh ly binh thU'ang

'

M~CH NHIP KHONG OEU ·

M~CHXUC (nhanh khong deu

M ~ CH£) ~ 1 (khong deu co quy lu~t)

( ch~m khong deu)

-Gl6'1 THIEU CAC LOAI MACH

n ~ -

YEU TO T~O :fHANH

+2

NHIP M~CH (M~CH SUAT) M~CH BlNH THU'O'NG

1 tllc co 4-5 nhip m\lch

CHU Y: m9t nhip thir Ia 1 tU'c, 1tU'c (11an thir ra va thir vao)

Gl61 THIEU CAC LOAI MACH

YEU T6 T~O THAN H

5

.I

- :-~ / ,

Gl6'1 THIEU CAC LOAI MACH

Gl61 THI~U CAC LO~I M~CH

cam giac cang hay chim

a dau ng6n tay ngllai

b~t m~ch

vtu To T~o THAN -!]

7

:ow

than g phan (don g t ha n than)

Cac d~c diem nh~n biet •

cua m~ch tLI'Q'ng binh

thU'Ctng?

-

Gl6'1 THI~U CAC LO~I M~CH

Khong phu khong tram, khong to

,._ ,._-+ , khong nho, khong ding khong chung,

" -~

m~ch hoa hoa, nhip deu, c6 life

M~ch xich tram an c6 llfc thU'ang tuy

t heo thai tiet, ho~t d9ng sinh ly va lam vi~c an uong nghi ngO'i ma c6 thay doi chut it

~ Gl61 THI~U cAC LO~I- M~CH ,

• Vi khi co gia tri phan doan tien IU'Q'ng b~nh

• M~ch di hru loat, mem m~i c6 hfc, du .;,~ch b~nh ly cung khong mat di tinh mem m~i, m~ch Vi nhU'Q'C

- cung khong hofm toan mat m~ch

' - - - r - - - - ' • Thiiy coc tinh khi Ia ca sa v~t chat ciia than, do vi khi

h6a sinh -+ m~ch c6 vi khi cung c6 than khi

• An sau m~ch xich v~n colvc nhat dinh (con m~ch)

• M~ch xich thUQC th~n cho nen xich Ia goc (can) cua

~ GI6'1 - THI~U ~ AC :~~~ M~C~

-~ NHl1NG VEU TO ANH HU'O'NG £>EN

M~CHTU'QNGTHU'ONGG~P

THO'I TIET ' > I

HOAN CANH f>IA LV

0

-

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Nhli'ng yeu to nao lam thay doi m{lch tU'Q'ng?

Gl6'1 THI~U CAC LO~I M~CH

NHO'NG veu r6 AN 'HH U'6'NG · aeN

MACH TliO'NG - J HU'O'NG · CiAP

HOAN tANH DIA LV

MJ;\CH PHU HONG NHU sAc ~

Gl61 THIEU CAC LOAI MACH

NHO'NG vEu TO r ANH Hl16'NG , aE 1 I

Tr\lng th~i sinh ly con

ngU'O'i thU'erng thay doi de

thich nghi v&i thai tiet ~

m\lch thay doi theo

XUAN

• ' ~

THO'I TIET

THU

J~nh, khi CO' con

Gl6'1 THieU CAC LO~I M~CH T

• N gU'ai gay m~ch d i phu

• S au khi l ao d9ng n~ng, an uong m~ch nhanh len

• S a u k h i ng u, ng _i ngO' i m~ch ch~m l~i

)

/

• M~ch,it ngU'ai lao d9ng tr i 6c yeu han it ngU'ai lao d9ng chan tay ••

c:>Luc b't m~ch de chan doan b~nh pha i htu y den

Wi ·

I .I

Gl61 TH IE U CAC LOAI MACH T

• M~ch d~p 60-80 fan/phut

• M~ch nit gi6'i thll'erng yeu han va

nhanh han nam gi6'i

Gl61 THI~U CAC LO~I M~CH

Co 28 mc;~c h ch i a

vao6 nh om

Glc)'l THI~U CAC LO~I M~CH T

/

Gl6'1 THI~U CAC LO~I MI:\CH

NHOM M~CH PHU

M~CH PHU

Sa vao thay mijich, an nh~ giam

nhllng khong mat mijich, mijich noi

nhll ga tren m~f nltac

Chu chllng: chllng bieu, chllng hll

(phu dllang ngoijii vi~t)

xuat chong ta; m~ch khi theo ra ngoai

nen a phan nong ChU'ng dltO'ng hlt

ngo~i vi~t thl m~ch phu, to, vo life

Lltl4CH PHD

Trung

T1-am

X«<-~ -Gl6'1 THI~U CAC LO~I M~CH T

I

Gl61 THieU CAC LO~I M~CH

Theo y hQc hi~n d~i

• LU'u IU'Q'ng mau tang,

• Mii~ch ngoii'i vi dan,

• Life can cua mii~Ch giam

'*co the xuat hi~n mii~Ch phu

Than m\lch r9ng, den o \It nhU'

nU'ac lu, di yeu

Chu chU'ng: nhi~t thinh lt phan khi

kinh dU'O'ng minh, chU'ng dU'O'ng

hU'

Mach ly: nhi~t thinh ben trong, khi thinh huyet day long m\lth dan,

m\lth den o \It nen m\lth hong, Ia

do chinh khi hU', am huyet hU' tram

trqng, khong gill' dU'Q'c dU'ang, phu

· dU'O'ng, (hU' dU'ang) vU'Q't ra ngoai,

Ia trU'ang hQ'p b~nh r at n g uy ki t h

1.\tl.') CHNHU M\ICh phu rna than m\ICh nho mem,

d~t tay nh~ da cam nh~n dU'Q'C m\ICh, an Ia mat m\ICh (noi nhU' bong tren m~t nll'ac)

Chu chli'ng: chli'ng hll' va chli'ng thap

Mach ly : do am hll' huyet thieu, long m\lch lll'ng, dU'ang khi khong giit dU'Q'C ben trong nen phu len ben ngoai, ho~c thap ta U' tr~ a long m\lch, m\lch khi yeu nen m\lch phu rna nho mem

Gl61 THI~U CAC LOI:\1 MI:\CH T

/

• Lltu IU'Q'ng m~u tang,

• M~ch ngo~i vi dan,

• Huyet ap tam thu tang,

• Huyet ap tam trU'O'ng giam,

• M~ch ap 16'n,

~co the xuat hi~n m~ch hong •

•

Gl61 THI~U CAC LO~I M ' J:\CH

• Tim co bo p yeu ,

• LU' Q'ng mau x uat giam ,

• Tr U'O'ng life huyet quan giam ,

/

Da

Gl61 THieU CAC LO~I MI:\CH T

• TrU'ang hQ'p dung htQ'ng huyet

thieu do chay mau cap,

• Ap ll!C mau trong huyet quan giam ho~c trU'O'ng llfc thanh

• f>Q dinh cua mau giarri,

• TrU'O'ng llfc m~ch ngo~i vi giam ,

Gl61 THI~U CAC LOI:\1 MI:\CH T

Theo y hQc hi~n d~i

• TrU'ang hQ'p ngo(ili tam thu

d~n den IU'Q'ng mau xuat cua

tim giam nhieu,

• o an m(ilch ngo(ili vi,

c>c6 the xuat hi~n m(ilch tan

Gl61 THI~U cAc LO~I M~CH

• Dung htQ'ng mau khong du,

• f>Q dan tinh cua thanh m~ch giam,

• Life elm ngo~i vi tang,

-Gl6'1 THI~U CAC LOI:\1 MI:\CH

Gl61 THI~U CAC LO~I M~CH

Mach ly: thlfC ta uat ben trong,

mfi~Ch U'ng tfili phan SaU nen mfi~Ch tram ma co llfc, trU'ang hQ'p tfilng

phu _ khl huyet hU', mfi~Ch U'ng ben

trong nhll'ng yeu nen mfi~ch tram

A I 38

ma vo lfC

!

l J

Gl6'1 THI~U CAC LOI:\1 MI:\CH

1

2 NHOM MJ:\CH TRAM

Chu chtlng: dau nhieu, chtlng quyet, ta a ben trong

Mach ly: do thi!C ta phl)C sau ben trong, m~ch khl khong tuyen thong nen m~ch tram phl)C sau CO

kh i khong bat dU'Q'c

• TrLtang hQ'p m~ch mau ngo~i vi

co that, life can ngo~i vi tang,

ap life nc}i m~ch tang thl Ia

m~ch tram c6 life

chLI'ng ha, san khi lam t~c treY khi

ca, r:n~ch khi (I' t~c ben trong

T n i m / \ A A A

X1fo'u3

• Hoijc suy tuan hoan ngo'i'i vi, huyet ap rat thap (h.uyet ap tam thu dttai 60 mmHg);

• Trttirng hQ'p rung tam that, thi tam thu khong co lttQ'ng mau xuat, m'i'Ch phyc khong bat dU'Q'C

dltO'ng khi hlt suy

Mach ly: huyet khong du, long

m~ch khong day lien m~ch nho, dltO'ng khl hlt life kern nen m~ch

tram ma yeu

·

Gl61 THI~U CAC lO~I M~CH

1\llf: CHLAO

Oa _.:.:·· ~ - - - - • C6 the gijp trong cac tntang

hQ'p XO' cU'ng di}ng m~ch, tinh dim hoi cua th~mh m~ch giam, dung h.tQ'ng mau day du;

Phil

Trung

• Hoijc huyet ap cao, h!C can

m~ch ngo~i vi tang, trU'O'ng h!c

th~mh m~ch tang, xuat IU'Q'ng mau tam thu ta · ng

Gl61 THie~ CAC LO~I M~CH

• G~p trong cac trU'ang hQ'p suy

tam thu giam ro, dung IU'Q'ng

Theo y hQc hi~n d~i lHG'i Til~

o Thai ki tfau (thai ky httng phan)

o Thai ky 2 (thai ky li'c che)

~ Khi than nhi~t h~, tuan hoan giam, nhip

tim ch~m (60 nhip/phut) M~ch tri chac

chan ca the l~nh, nghia Ia than nhi~t giam

)

I )

M\!ch den ch~m, mc}t lan tha ba lan m\!ch

(tltang U'ng vai m6i phut mi;ic:h d~p 40-60 lan)

• Cac v~n dqng vien do rim luy~t ma m;,Jch ~~~m

va c6 l~.tc Ia tr;,Jng thcii sinh ly binh th11CJ'ng

Gl61 THI~U CAC ~0~1 MI:\CH

- ~

Theo y hQc : hi~n d~i

Da _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

• G~p a tr\Jng thai htQ'ng mau xuat

t am thu , d9 nhb'n cua mau, toe d9 llt u thong mau , llfc elm huyet quan

ngo~i v i binh thltb'ng ho~c gan binh

Trdm

• Ho~c ti nh hltng phan cua than kinh

p h6 giao cam hO'i tang

: - I

'

'

Gl6'1 THI~U CAC LO~I M~CH

Da _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Tt :!m

M~ch di den hoa hoan, mc}t fan thlr co 4 fan

m~ch (tU'O'ng ling mc}t phut m~ch d~p 60-80

fan}

Chu chllng: tV vj hU' nhU'Q'c va chllng thap TrU'erng

Mach ly:

giam sut, huyet kem, khi life yeu nen m<;~ch di

cilng ch~m han;

• Ho~c thap tr~ lam tra ng<;~i khi cO' cung lam

::~.,:

• M~ch mau ngo~i vi co that,

T r.i r:1

NHOM M~CH CH~M

L oc;ti mc;~ch di den sit (ngU'iri xU'a vi nhU'

cc;~o vo true) co khi khong deu

Chu chU'ng : tinh huyet kem, dam thl!C ket t~;~, khl tr~ huyet U'

Mach ly :

• Tinh huyet kern thi mau chay khong thong I Q'i cho nen mc;tch sap tr~ vo

l lfc ,

• f>am thlfc U' tr~, khl tr~ huyet U' deu

e Gl6'1 THI~U CAC LO~I M~CH

' 1\i- l\ l i' J\ Ni.M

T ; " m , \'<$1:<1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,

GIO'I THieU CAC LO~I M~CH

ton Charng thlfc Ia do am thjnh khl ket, dam,

thi!C, II huyet va han ta ket t~;~

·Mach ly:

• Nguyen khl hll suy, life yeu nen mau chay ch~m, huyet It d~ dinh huyet tr~,m~ch vo

II!C va c6 luc ngllng d~p;

• TrU'ang hQ'p am thjnh khl ket han ta ngllng

tr ~ damthlfc !.l huyet ket t~;~ ben trong gay

tr a ng~i khi cO' nen m~ch den ch~m ~~ c6

life, c6 luc ngU'ng luc d~p khong deu

1 H oi tho La lo~ i m~ch nhanh, m9t lan thlt co sau tan m~ch

dltang hlf, khi htt, huyet hlf, khi huyet ltt&ng hlt,

Tn1m

Mach ly:

• Huyet d~c nhi~t t~c hanh, nhi~t ta thjnh bU'c

• khi huyet bat tuc, ca the thieu dinh dlt&ng yeu

v~n hanh nhanh, cac tritang hQ'p vong dltang

huyet phcii · ~n hanh nhanh nen m~ch nha"Jl, nhltng m~ch vo lvc

Gl61 THI~U CAC LOI:\1 MI:\CH T

NHOM MI:\CH NHANH

nhanh, m(}t ran tho co nam

Gl6'1 THI~U CAC LO~I M~CH T

Lo~i m~ch nhanh ma co luc ngU'ng d~p khong co chil'ng mlfc

Chu chU'ng: chU'ng thlfc nhi~t, khi huyet dam ~m

thlfc tich dinh tr~; nguyen khi hU' suy

Mach ly:

• DU'O'ng nhi~t qua thjnh, am khi khong tU'O'ng xU'ng sinh ra am dU'O'ng mat dieu hoa nen m~ch

sac ma co luc ngU'ng d~p

-• Khi huyet dam thlfc ung tr~, uat sinh nhi~t, bU'c huyet v~n hanh tang nhanh, l~i them thlfc ta gau trlt ng~i khi huyet v~n hanh nen m~ch

nhanh ma co luc ngU'ng

• TrU'ang ·hQ'p nguyen khi suy (b~nh nguy kjch),

am dU'O'ng mat can bang, phu dU'O'ng ngo~!}'i~t, m~ch xuc nhU'ng vo life

I

Thil

o o ida _

Gl61 THI~U CAC LO~I M~CH

M~CHS.{C

nhip that qua nhanh, Tru~- • slf truyen 1: 1 hoijc 2:d~o 1 ; n h i that deu v6'i t i 1~

tinh than, thieu mau

Gl6'1 THIEU CAC L OAI M AC H

Mach ly:

th~t nhanh, do do m;;~ch rat nhanh ma co

1):1

I·

Gl6'1 THI~U cAc LO~I MJ;\CH

Theo y hQc hi~n d~i

:\'!J).CH xllc

• ThU'irng gijp trong cac trU'irng hQ'p rung tam nhi the gia tang,

• Tim d~p nhanh kem theo ngo~i tam

thu sinh ra nhieu d~ng nhjp tim

khong deu,

• Tam nhi co bop nhanh kem theo truyen d~o nhi that ty 1~ khong deu

~

~

Gl61 THieU CAC LO~I MI:\CH

NHOM M~CH NHANH

La lo~i m~ch hlnh nhU' h~t d~u, giao d9ngr

ho~t sac CO 1\I'C

Chu chU'ng: chU'ng dau va chU'ng kinh

Gl61 THI~U CAC LO~I M~CH

• ThU'ang g~p trong cac trU'ang hQ'p suy tim co ton thU'O'ng thlfc the,

• Nhjp tim nhanh that, tren that

• Tr ong cac chLI'ng sot cao, CU'Ctng

gi ap ga y chuyen h6a CO' ban tang

nh an h, ,

• D o hU'ng phan than kinh giao cam

NHOM M~CH H~

1

m~ch yeu (vo h!c) 64

Gl6'1 THI~U CAC LO~I M~CH

Theo y hQc hi~n djai

• G~p t rong cac trU'ang hQ'p than

kinh giao cam hU'ng phan

• Ho~c C U'Ctng nang th&J the be ta , nhip tim d~p tang nhanh ,

• TrU' ang hQ'p co that tieu d9ng m\)c h nhU' ng dung IU'Q'ng mau khong tha y

d0N•1 •••

mau xuat tam thu giam,

• Life can m~ch ngo~i vi giam,

• Huyet ap thap,

• Dung , htQ'ng mau trong long m~ch

g1am

e GU)'I THI~U CAC LO~I M~CH

NHOM M~CH HU'

'l'n ri i~

Lo~i l~ch luc ch~m ng6n tay c6 cam giac mem yeu, neu an nh~ I a mat m~ch

Chu chling: chling hU', phan Jan thuc)c t~ng

phu hU', khl huyet hU'

Gl6'1 THI~U CAC LO~I MI:\CH

Theo y hQc hi~n d~i

Da - - -

-Trung / " / \ ; / : \ / \

_/ \_, , _ -'

Tr.im

• Mau xuat tam thu giam nhieu

thiet yeu giam sut,

suy tuan hoan cap

nhU' khong, dem so m~ch rat kho

Chu chU'ng: am dU'O'ng khl huyet qrc hU' Neu

Ia b~nh mai mac thi Ia tri~u chU'ng dU'ang khl

b~o thoat, neu Ia b~nh lau ngay thi d6 Ia tri~u

chU'ng cua tam th~n dU'O'ng suy ho~c chinh khi

sap tuy~t

Mach ly:

Am dU'O'ng khi huyet eve hU' ho~c dU'ang khi sap ki~t khong duy tri dU'Q'C trU'O'ng llfC CUa thanh m~ch cho nen m~ch ClfC nh6 ClfC mem,

th~m chi khong sa thay

Da

• Phil

• Tclm

G~p trong cac tntirng hQ'p mau xuat tam thu giam,

Ap llfc n{)i m~ch thap,

Co that d{)ng m~ch nho va Vlta

h o~c htQ'ng mau tuan hoan thiet , , , ,

yeu g1am sut, f>{)ng m~ch ngo~i vi co that , long m~ch h~p

_ 9 GJ61 THI~U CAC LO~I M~CH

• Huyet hU' m~ch khong day nen m~ch

nho nhU' sQ'i' chi;

• Khi hU' life day cua mau trong m~ch

yeu nen m~ch mem yeu vo life; thap ta lam tac _ m~ch d~o nen m~ch den nho

ho~c bloc nhi that d9 2 •

• D a

fJ~\i •

Gl6'1 THIEU CAC LOAI MACH

La lo~i m~ch khong deu, co luc ngLI'ng d~p

nhU'ng ngU'ng co khoang ea c h d e u nhau

Chu chll'ng: t~ng khi suy, b~nh do that tinh kinh khung, chan thLI'O'ng do te nga,

chU'ng phong, chU'ng dau

Mach ly:

• Do t~ng khi suy, nguy e n khi hU' nen

m~ch d~p khong co life, co luc dU't quang nhLI'ng co khoang each deu

• Ngoai ra, phl:J nit co thai , do bao thai

t o chEm ep m~ch d~o nen co luc m~ch

ngLI'ng, thLI'ang sau sanh dU'Q'c phl:JC

hoi binh thU'ang 71

D ; t

: 'hu

Ttur g

Gl6'1 THieU CAC LO~I M~CH

NHOM MACH HU'

Chu chU'ng : b~nh ve khi, khi uat (m~ch c6

Mach ly:

ngan rna c6 larc;

Gl61 THIEU CAC LOAI MACH

NHOM MACH THlfC · '

M.').C H T Hl./C

r(}ng to va dai, mCi~Ch day COilfC, an

La bieu hi~n slf giao tranh gili'a ta k~i

thlfc va chinh khi khoe, khi huyet sung

tuc, mCi~Ch dCiiO sung man, vi the ma _

mCi~Ch dai, r(}ng ma CO llfC an n~ng nh~

tay deu c6 mCilch

0 Gl6'1 THI~iJ cAC LO~I M~CH

Chu chLI'ng: chLI'ng thlfc nhi~t, dam am, sue thlfc

Mach ly:

Ta khi thinh rna chinh khi khoe, chinh ta giao tranh trong tinh tr~ng khi thvc huyet day, tat nhien m~ch phai trO'n tru ILtu IQ'i Ngoai ra, ngLtai ta binh thLtang m~cfl -

ho~t rna dieu hoa Ia bic~u hi~n cua tr~ng thai khoe m~nh, dinh v~ sung _ man, phtJ nll co thai m~ch ho~t sac Ia tr~ng thciJskhi huyet dieu hoa, sinh ly binh thLtang

• L U'Q'ng mau tuan hoan tang nhi'eu ,

• llfC can ngo~i vi tang •

Gl6'1 Tl·iiEU CAC LOAI MACH

lo~i m~ch d~p nhan · h va ding nhlt day thltng Chu chllng: thlfc han, chllng dau nhi'eu, sue thl,l'c Mach ly:

• Him ta xam nh~p ca the gay t~ng thai co keo

nen m\ICh ding; chinh khi muon tri,JC ta nhanh nen gia tang v~n himh khi huyet, do do ma hinh

thanh m~ch sac ma cang

• Tn.rang hQ'p dau nhi'eu va sue thl,l'c gay nen

tranh nen m\ICh khi cang th~ng gay ra I

• M\lch phil khan thttang g~p Cl chllng bieu him,

m\lch tram khan thttang g~p a chllng ly him,

-chllng dau nhi'eu, thlfc tich