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Differences and Similarities in World Englishes Differences and Similarities in World Englishes Presentator 1 Trần Thanh Tuyền2 Văn Thị Cẩm Tú Table of Contents SpellingPhonology Grammar Lexicon 03 02.

Differences and Similarities in

World Englishes

Presentator:

1 Trần Thanh Tuyền

2 Văn Thị Cẩm Tú

Table of Contents

Spelling Phonology

01

- Irish speakers often get rid of

TH, it is said quickly and lightly

so listeners barely hear it

Ex: three tree

- The word ‘pen’ in New Zealand

is usually pronounced ‘pin’, and sometimes ‘fish and chips’

sounds like ‘fish and chops’

- In America, they usually link words and sometimes add /r/ at the end of words ending in a vowel.

Ex: Cuba [‘kju:bər],

- The use of ‘eh’ tag is very common

in Canada, they use it after

comments and exclamations

- Furthermore, /t/ sound is not

stressed, it ends up sounding more like /n/

- Speakers in Australia use the flap /t/ between vowels, that makes the /t/ sound more like /d/

Ex: water, letter, butter,…

- Singaporean tend to extend the last vowel and they don’t really have sound of TH

- Last one is India, puff air in plosive consonants is

omitted

- Like RP most accents in England today are

nonrhotic, but there is an

‘r-ful’ pocket in

Lancashire and a rhotic area in the south-west initial fricatives are typi-cally voiced in the south-west, as in finger [v-],

saddle [z-]

- Aitken’s Law or the Scottish Vowel Length Rule (SVLR),

says that vowels are short unless they are followed by /r/, a voiced fricative, a morpheme boundary, or are final in an open syllable (cf Wells 1982:400, Chirrey 1999:224)

- For instance, the vowels in heed and hid , mace and mess , and the stressed vowel in Peter have the same (short)

duration, whereas those in seethe , sleeve , maze would be longer

Similarities

Mars

Mercury

Speakers in Australia and

South Africa don’t

pronouce /r/ at the end of

words

Saturn

In India, Malaysia and South Africa, dipthongs usually become

monothongs

Venus

As England and Welsh English, French English also drops /h/ sound.

Canadian English is in

almost total agreement

with GA

Spelling

Definition of Concepts

- The spelling in World Englishes is really diversed

- American and Canada have some same spellings, that makes people frequently think AmE and CanE are the

same in pronunciation.

- UK’s and Australia’s spelling quite similar

- And the spelling between American English and

British English is much different

03

❖ Articles

- Come from vacuum vs come from a vacuum

- How coconut falls vs how a coconut falls

- Having a knowledge of vs having knowledge of

Example of World Englishes

Sri Lankan English

A characteristic syntactic feature:

04

- Early Scots shared a great deal of its vocabulary with Nothern Middle English, including most of its borrowings from Scandinavian

languages Some examples of words from this source used in Modern Scots are gate ‘road’, krik ‘church’, big ‘build, lass ‘girl’, lowse ‘loose’, rowan ‘mountain ash’

- Trudgill (1999a:125) accounts for regional differences in word for making tea: make, mash, mask, wet, brew in England English

- There are also many characteristic idiom, some of which can be

ascribed to the Welsh substratum, whereas the origins of others are obscure An example of the latter category is the repetition of an

adjective for intensification, as in She was pretty, pretty

- The rich vocabury of IrE stems from three sources: English, Scots and Irish Many of the English metaphors, idioms and proverbs reflect the semantics of Irish (Todd 2000: 88)

- In American English, Wolfram and Schilling-Estes (1998: 60ff.) said the number of dialectally sensitive words runs well into the thousands, faucet /spigot/ tap ‘a device with a valve for regulating the flow of a liquid’; snap beans/ string beans/ green beans ‘a type of vegetable with a stringy fiber

on the pods’

- The following British terms were definitely given as ‘normal’ in CanE:

bonnet and tap, autumn (‘also called fall’), fortnight, queue, shop (line and store are labelled N Amer) On the other hand, gasolene is the head entry with a cross-reference from petrol As for the well-known pairs sub-way-underground, sidewalk-pavement, spanner-wrench, candy-sweet

- The various lects of Singapore/ Malaysia English include a great deal of local vocabulary Singlish has a rich supply of local lexicalisations (CRORE words) derived from Chinese dialects Chim/cheem ‘excessively

complex/difficult/ serious’, chop ‘reserve a chair, etc By putting a bag or garment on it’, peon ‘office boy, office porter’

05

How do you address a teacher or professor?

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