STANDARD ENGLISH AND VARIETIES OF ENGLISH thuyết trinh môn đa dạng tiếng anh

C STANDARD ENGLISH AND VARIETIES OF ENGLISH Group 5 Topic 9 Group members Đào Tú Uyên 187na11307 Nguyễn Mạnh Khang 187na15771 Võ Lê Anh Khoa 187na15781 Nguyễn Minh Hân 187na15728 Nguyễn Kim Hạnh 187na.

Group members :

Đào Tú Uyên 187na11307

Nguyễn Mạnh Khang 187na15771

Võ Lê Anh Khoa 187na15781

Nguyễn Minh Hân 187na15728 Nguyễn Kim Hạnh 187na15717

1.Academic English - Prof David Crystal on standard vs standard English

non-Prof David Crystal

• Define: A standard language is a variety of language that is used by governments, in the media, in schools and for international

communication There are different standard varieties of English in the world, such as North American English, Australian English and Indian English Although these standard varieties differ in terms of their pronunciation, there are few differences in grammar between them

-In contrast, there are non-standard forms of a language that are used, for example, in different regional dialects and these non-standard varieties are different from each other.

-Standard English is proper English is correct English Dilect is inferior English, is low quality,

is deficient in some way to be judged against the criterion of the standard language

-Standard English is the minority dialect – always has been

-And indeed you will hear standard English spoken on the most public of occasions, and that's why everybody gets the impression that it's universal but in actual fact perhaps only five percent

at most of the spoken English around the world is going to be standard English

The Convenience of Standard English

Standard English is that particular variety of English which is regarded by educated people as appropriate for most types of public discourse, including most broadcasting, almost all

publication, and virtually all conversation with anyone other than intimates

- For example : American users of standard English say the first floor and I've just gotten a letter and write center and color, while British users say ground floor and I've just got a letter and write centre and colour

But these regional differences are few in comparison with the very high degree of agreement

about which forms should count as standard Nevertheless, standard English, like all living

languages, changes over time

Varieties of Standard English

There is no such thing (at present) as a Standard English which is

not British or American or Australian, etc There is no International Standard (yet), in the sense that publishers cannot currently aim at a standard which is not locally bound."

3.Standard english and non-standard english

-Standard English is the form of English used in:

+Almost all written texts

+Speech in formal situations

=>All English-speakers need to know how to write and speak standard English.

Some types of non-standard English:

+Dialect: may be regional of ethnic, has its own grammatical rules, has its own dialect words.+Slang: usually related to an age-group, special words and phrases used to show membership

of the group, exclude and mystify others

+Jargon: usually related to an occupation, special words and phrases used to express technicalKnow-how, show membership of group, exclude and mystify others

+Other: non-standard forms that started as dialect or slang but became widespread considered

to be incorrect or ‘uneducated’ use of English

Non-standard: I works hard Standard: I work hard

You has won You have won

Note:

-Watch out for past sentences:

Non-standard: I seen you Standard: I saw you

She done it She did it

-Double negatives are not standard English:

Non-standard: You don’t know nothing Standard: You know nothing.You’re not going You’re going nowhere

-Adjectives should not be used as adverbs:

Non-standard: He did it proper Standard: He did it properly

I played good I played well

- In America, Britain, England, Australia, Canada, English has different pronunciations for the same words, different words for the same object.

4.Varieties of English

East coast pronunciation shares similarities with England

Example : Queer is use as something strange

or odd, Common as a pejorative

East vs West: Harruble vs Horruble, Fahrun

vs Forun

New York Accent: Intensified over the

years, Doo-awg for dog, Coo-awfee for

coffee.

Regions in America

Regions in Britain

More different dialects than any other country in English speaking world.

At least 42 different dialects.

An accent can greatly differ just between two towns!

Talking without much movement of the lips

Prince Charles is an expert

Regions in Australia

Use of British words Many new words devised: Billabong for brackish body of water, Kangaroo,

Outback, Didgeridoo, Tucker for food.

Use of American words as well: Station wagon instead of estate car; Mail, not post

; Labor, not labour ; Band-aid, not plaster.

Alternate view

At CA American slang is mainly adopted.

Shortening of words like ‘Caf’ for cafeteria, ‘Perf’ for perfect.

Linguists tend to divide the major native dialects into: British Isles dialects, North American dialects and Australasia.

Similar method to how Bryson does it in the chapter.

-English follows the pattern: S + V + Complete Thought (SVO)

-The benefit of following Standard English is that other people who understand Standard English will probably understand you

-Standard English is almost impossible to follow in Spoken English which uses other systems such as “body language”and “tone” to communicate meaning in ways Written Language can’t

A dialect is a form of the language that is spoken in a particular part of the country or by a

particular group of people There are many different dialects of English and they have different words and grammar

Examples of dialect forms in British English are:

I ain’t going to school today (standard form: I’m not going to school today.)

She don’t understand (standard form: She doesn’t understand.)

Dialects are not wrong, but they may not be “Standard”

Dialects used in the “wrong” setting may be judged

-You don’t have to follow Standard English, but you may be judged by others if you don’t The same is true with dialects

Vernacular English

Vernacular Englishes are ways of speaking English that are formed or adopted by different social groups of English speakers

Here are just three vernacular Englishes:

1 Appalachian Vernacular English (or Appalachian Dialect), some call this “country English”

2 African-American Vernacular English, some call this “Ebonics”

3 Tex-Mex Vernacular refers to Texas and Mexico and is a mix of English and Spanish words

Vernacular works well in a variety of situations:

Talking with friends

Singing or rapping lyrics in

music

Texting/snapchatting/social media

Dialogue by characters in

stories/movies

Vernacular Englishes are not always wrong but it is wrong in your speaking and writing for teachers For example:

What is Standard English ?

Standard English (SE) is the variety of English language that is used as the national norm in an English-speaking country, especially as the language for public and formal usage.

Qualitles of writing In Standard English

- no slang

- no abbreviations or contractions

- establishes a serious, objective tone

- precise word choice

- establishes credibility and authority

- mostly uses third person

- more complex sentences

Standard English means :

The English that with respect to spelling, grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary is

substantially uniform though not devoid of regional differences, that is well established by usage in the formal and informal speech and writing of the educated, and that is widely recognized as

acceptable wherever English is spoken and understood.

WHAT IS NON STANDARD ENGLISH ?

Nonstandard English is language that does not follow the established rules of grammar, usage, and mechanics It includes slang and regional vernacular, as well as spellings and

pronunciations that do not appear in the dictionary Nonstandard English is often the language people speak when with friends and family in informal settings

STANDARD AND NON STANDARD ENGLISH

- Standard English is language that follows the rules most

accepted and used by English-speaking people all over the

world

Example : How are you doing, today ?

-Nonstandard English is the level of language that Includes

slang Even though nonstandard English is not actually

wrong, It is not acceptable in certain situations, such as school

assignments.

Thanks for watching !