THE SPREAD OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE thuyết trinh môn đa dạng tiếng anh

THE SPREAD OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE THE SPREAD OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE Group 8 Hồ Lê Uyên Bình Nguyễn Song Ngọc Khanh Đoàn Duy Trúc Nguyễn Ninh Duy Hoàng History How English spread Why English become i.

THE SPREAD OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Group 8

Hồ Lê Uyên Bình

Nguyễn Song Ngọc Khanh

Đoàn Duy Trúc Nguyễn

Ninh Duy Hoàng

How English spread

Why English become international language

2

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1

1

OLD ENGLISH

• Development from dialects of Ingveonic group ( North

Sea Germanic)- incl Old Frisian, Old Saxon

• At first: purely Germanic

• Some influence from Latin (religion)

• First from around 700 AD

• Certainly “Old English” from the late 9th C

Old English words - out of the 100 most frequent words in English now, 96 come from Old English

Example:

o Prepositions: on, in, to, into, by, with

o Articles / pronouns : the, a, you, he, I, me, that, which

o Verbs / verb forms: Is, was, are, have, can, make, like, write, come

o Nouns: word, time, people, water, part, day, oil

o Others: not, as, or, and, so, if, no, one, two

● Fæder ure

● ðu ðe eart on heofenum

● si ðin nama gehalgod

● to-becume ðin rice

● geweorþe ðin willa on eorðan swa

swa on heofenum

● Urne ge dæghwamlican hlaf syle us

to-deag

● and forgyf us ure gyltas

● swa swa we forgifaþ urum gyltendum

● ane ne gelæde ðu us on costnunge

● ac alys us of yfle

TEXT EXAMPLES

ENGLISH UNDER THE NORMANS

French becomes language of court and institutions

Normans bring

French with them

English swamped

by French vocabulary

ENGLISH UNDER THE NORMANS

Examples:

o military: army, archer, soldier, guard

o hierarchy: crown, court, duke, nobility, peasant, servant, govern, authority, obedience

o law: arrest, justice, judge, jury, sentence, prison

o cooking: salmon, oyster, pork, fruit, lemon, biscuit, sugar, cream, herb, appetite

MIDDLE ENGLISH

• Between ca 12th and 15th centuries

• At first, French influence on English continues

(M.Bragg: The Adventure of English, p.123-4

1325, William of Nassington: “I believe that no one

can speak Latin except those who have taken it at

school, and some who are accustomed to the court

and live there know French and no Latin [ ] But

educated and uneducated, old and young, they all

understand the English tongue.”

MIDDLE ENGLISH

• Under his rule: English replaces French

in schools, courts of law, Parliament

• Richard II (end 14th c.) first king since Harold to use English

• The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles die out (last entry in English in 1154)

• (Old) English lives on in spoken form, in lower classes:

e.g.: ox, cow, sheep, calf, pig, deer

• The higher classes speak French:e.g.: beef, mutton, veal, pork, venison

• Start of exceptional vocabulary wealth (Germanic + a Romance)

MODERN ENGLISH

• Generally: Modern’ English from 16th c onwards

• Renaissance: ideas spread across Europe, new words(English open to new vocabulary)

• Shakespeare: influence on English language e.g.: lackluster, dwindle, sea-change, bandit, swagger, laughingstock, one fell swoop, good riddance, it's all Greek to me, what's done is done, brave new world,

● Spanish and Portuguese: embargo,

apricot, tornado, banana, mosquito,

tobacco

● Italian: opera, violin, cameo, volcano

● Dutch: smuggle, landscape, keelhaul,

knapsack, yacht

● Arabic: alcohol, harem, sheikh

● Malay: bamboo, amoka

EXAMPLES

OF WORDS FROM OTHER LANGUAGE

HOW ENGLISH

SPREAD

2

Towards a global language

The three circles English as a global language

Towards a global language

o The first significant step did not take place before the end of the 16th century (the regin of Elizabeth 1st )

o In 1603, literature had boomed through the works of Spencer

Marlowe, Shakespeare, Francis Drake → laid the foundation for the expanding influence of English in the new world

- English is used every day,

everywhere in the world:

Towards a global language

- ‘A massive increase in the number of people learning English has already begun, and it is likely to reach a peak of around 2 billion in the next 10-15 years.’

- The colonisation of North America really

got under way → in 1640, 25,000 English speakers in New England

- In 17th century, USA was settled

→ many Caribbean islands (Jamaica, Trinidad), parts of Guiana on were seized by Britain and settled by landowners

→ workers and slaves who were or became English-speaking

- About 7.1 million speakers of English and Englishbased creoles in the Caribbean today

- Ethnic dialects:

● African American English

● American Indian English

Major dialects in North America

ENGLISH IN NORTH AMERICA

- Region varieties

● Northeastern American English

● Southern States American English

● Canadian English

- Today Australia has well over 17 million speakers of English

as a first language and New Zealand about 3.5 million

- The end of the 18th century, the 1st British settlers arrived in Australia and New Zealand

- A large proportion of the Australian immigrants did not

voluntarily move ‘down under’

- The early settlers in New Zealand were not prisoners

According Kachru, the spread

of English around the world can be defined in terms of three concentric circles: THE THREE CIRCLES

THE FUTURE OF ENGLISH

o English is used extremely widely today

o Communicating with other non-native users ≠ ELF (English as a Lingua Franca) [ELF ≠ EFL - English as a Foreign Language]

o The branch of applied linguistics studying the teaching and learning of foreign languages usually refers to this as second language acquisition (SLA)

THE FUTURE OF ENGLISH

o First-language speakers: 375 million

o Second-language speakers: 375 million

o Foreign-language speakers: 750 million

o The overall statistics for English worldwide appear to be somewhat variable and should be taken with a pinch of salt The EFL category is particularly difficult to pinpoint; it really depends on what level of

proficiency a person should have to qualify as a speaker of English

WHY ENGLISH BECOME

INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE

3

Here are some reasons

- The language of global commerce

- The main language to use when travelling

Here are some reasons

- The language of air traffic control

- The majority of academic journals

But how did English reach this kind of

status?

Well, it's partly because of the USA’s role as a global superpower

Some of these countries became

populated by English settlers, and

these are the countries where

English became the dominant

language, replacing many others

English became the dominant language in the world It is also largely thanks to mass communication

English in the world nowadays:

- The second language that being a part of

the school curriculum in many countries

- There are over 96% of scientific articles

are written in English

English in the world nowadays:

- The number one language online

Because people are constantly exposed to English online and

communicate via social media with people from all over the world, mainly in English

THANK YOU!!!!