Tóm tắt luận án: Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .

Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .Nghiên cứu văn bia tỉnh Nam Định .

HANOI UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

TRAN DAI AN

THE STONE STELES STUDY

IN NAM DINH PROVINCE

Major: SINO-NOM Code: 9.22.01.04

SUMMARY OF LINGUISTICS DOCTORAL THESIS

HA NOI - 2022

OF EDUCATION

Science instructor Assoc.Prof.Dr Trinh Khac Manh

Reviewer 1: Prof.Dr Tran Nho Thin

VNU Hanoi University of Social Sciences and Humanities

Reviewer 2: Assoc.Prof.Dr Nguyen Tuan Cuong

Institute of Sino-Nom studies

Reviewer 3: Assoc.Prof.Dr Duong Tuan Anh

Hanoi National University of Education

The thesis will be defended before the Doctoral Thesis Judging Committee meeting at: Hanoi National University of Education

On day month year 2022

The thesis can be found at:

- Vietnam National Library

- Information Center - Library, Hanoi National University of Education

OF THE AUTHOR RELATED TO THE THESIS

1 Tran Dai An (2020), “Introducing the stone steles of My Loc

district, Nam Dinh province”, Sino- Nom Journal, No 1.

2 Tran Dai An (2020), “Introduction of the stone steles with thecontent of of dyke crossing and sea encroachment in Nam Dinh

province”, Sino- Nom Journal, No 6

3 Tran Dai An (2021), “Introduction of epitaphs with content aboutMother Goddess worship in Nam Dinh”, Proceedings of the

National Scientific Conference “Literature and Language in the Contemporary World - Identity and Integration”, Faculty of

Literature, Hanoi National University of Education VietnamEducation Publishing House

1 Rationale of the Study

In the written heritage, the stone steles is an important part of the Nom heritage in particular and the written culture in general The stonestele is also an object for research on historical, economic, educational,cultural, religious and belief issues, etc; through the development stages ofthe nation The stone steles in Nam Dinh province have been introduced

Sino-by several researchers and research agencies, but the works just stop atintroducing and translating some stone steless and are only individualarticles about a few stone steless published in scientific journals andnewspapers Writing separately about a few stone steless published innewspapers and scientific journals, and there has not been a work that hasmade statistics and exploited the content of the stone steles of Nam Dinhprovince fully and systematically With the existing rich source of stonesteles material, we have counted 2,155 Sino- Nom stone steless in NamDinh province, spanning thousands of years, diverse in types and rich incontent, most clearly reflects the local history of formation anddevelopment, economic situation, culture, education, religious beliefs,customs and habits in social life In particular, this place records thevestiges of the glorious periods of the feudal dynasties, and it is thebirthplace of the kings of the Tran Dynasty (a most famous dynasty in thefeudal period) with glorious victories, three times winning the Nguyen -Mong invaders The stone steless are quite accurate data to learn about themovement process and local cultural characteristics and contributesignificantly to the addition of historical data As a native of Nam Dinhprovince, majoring in Sino- Nom and loving the stone steles of Nam Dinh

province, the PhD student chose the topic Research on stone steless of Nam Dinh province as the topic of the doctoral thesis in Chinese Literature

specializing in Sino- Nom

2 Theoretical basis and study methods

2.1 Theoretical basis

First of all, the thesis is based on the views and guidelines of the Partyand State on culture and art, especially in the collection, conservation,research, exploitation and promotion of Sino- Nom heritage

Next, applying the theory of Ephigraphy, a theory towards statistics,explanations, interpretation and highlighting the system of the formation

and development of the stone steles of Nam Dinh province over time andspace; thereby exploiting the value of textual information in studying thefields of traditional socio-cultural life of Nam Dinh province and in thevalue system of the Vietnamese Sino-Nom heritage in the national culture.

- Quantitative method: statistics and classification and highlighting thecharacteristics of the stone steles fragment of Nam Dinh province to selectsuitable stone steles units to the study object

- Method of interpreting: is used to compile, interpret, and explain depth texts and is the basis of documents for the process of analysis andstudy

in Interdisciplinary study: exploiting the value of content in terms ofeconomy, culture, education, religious beliefs, customs and habits, etc; inlocal social life in the Middle Ages through the stone steles of Nam Dinhprovince

- Fieldwork survey: The PhD student will conduct a fieldwork survey

to compare between the fragment and the artifact stone steles

3 Study object and scope

- The study object of the thesis is 2,155 stone steless (of which 2,151fragment of Sino-Nom stone steles in Nam Dinh province are currentlystored at the Institute of Sino- Nom Studies (IOSNS) and 04 stone stelesscollected by the PhD student on field trips in the locality)

- Study scope: Systematizing stone steles documents in Nam Dinhprovince with 2,155 stone steless and making a list of stone steless statingthe distribution of stone steless by time, space and type of vestiges;thereby stating the characteristics and value of Nam Dinh province’s stonesteles content

- The scope of the document is 2,151 stone steless printed fragment ofNam Dinh province currently kept in IOSNS, and 4 artifact stone steless inNam Dinh province, along with other references related to the thesis'scontent

4 Study purpose

Systematize and point out the formal features and content values of theSino- Nom stone steless in Nam Dinh province From there, providingunderstanding about the land, people and cultural traditions of Nam Dinhprovince, contributing to traditional education and planning policies foreconomic, social, cultural and educational development in Nam Dinhprovince

5 Contribution of the thesis

- With the number of 2,155 stone steless, for the first time, the Nom stone steles documents in Nam Dinh province have been collected,statistically and fully quantified Providing a rich and useful source ofinformation and documents for relevant sectors to make projects and plans

Sino-to preserve and promote the value of Nam Dinh's sSino-tone steles heritage inthe coming time

- The stone steles of Nam Dinh province is analyzed, evaluated, andclassified according to scientific criteria specialized in Epigraphy chuyênngành Bi ký học on two aspects: time (dynasty), space (district, city andtype of vestiges), highlighting the distribution characteristics of the stonesteles in Nam Dinh province

- Introducing the form of the stone steles text, learning the textualcharacteristics of the stone steles, analyzing the team that created the stonesteles; from there, the basic characteristics of the stone steles text of NamDinh province compared with other localities

- Researching the values of the stone steles content of Nam Dinhprovince in the fields of: history, geography, economy, culture, education,religious beliefs, customs and habits, etc Clarifying traditional values inthe history of construction and development the land of Nam Dinh

- Recruiting, translating and introducing the full text of 10 stone steless

of Nam Dinh province

6 Scientific significance of the thesis

The thesis has systematized the stone steles of Nam Dinh provincefrom the 12th century to the 20th century, giving people an overview of thecharacteristics of formation and development of the system in Nam Dinhprovince today

Through the study, analysis and evaluation of the content of Nam Dinhprovince’s stone steles, the thesis states the value system of the stone

steles of Nam Dinh province and contributes to the study of history,geography, socio-economic, culture, religious beliefs in the past of NamDinh province.

Nam Dinh province’s stone steles is a cultural heritage documentthat needs to be preserved and promoted its historical value in thecurrent cultural life, in the period of international integration andsustainable development From there, proposing effective measures tocollect, preserve and promote the value of Nam Dinh province’s Sino-Nom heritage

7 Structure of the thesis:

In addition to the Introduction, Conclusion, and References, the thesiswill be divided into 4 chapters with the main identified contents to bestudied as follows:

Chapter 1: Overview of the study situation related to the thesis topic

Chapter 2: Survey of the stone steles in Nam Dinh province

Chapter 3: The value of stone steles documents in Nam Dinh province

in history, geographical and economic study

Chapter 4: The values of epitaph materials of Nam Dinh province in study of culture, education and religious belief

CONTENT CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY SITUATION RELATED TO THESIS TOPIC

In this chapter, we present an overview of the study situation related to

the thesis topic with the following contents: the first is to learn the concepts of the origin of stone steles formation and related theories; the second is to learn about the situation of Vietnamese stone steles study; the third is to find out the situation, research and preserve the stone steles of Nam Dinh province; the fourth is to determine the study direction of the

The stone steles fragment is a copy printed from stone steles artifacts inthe locality When fragment is entered into the repository and onto thelibrary sign, each symbol of the stone steles fragment is one side of thestone stele printed

Nam Dinh province’s stone steles is an stone steles written in Han andNom characters, limited by the place name of Nam Dinh province, itmeans that the Sino- Nom stone steless were formed on the land of NamDinh, regardless of space and time as well as the subject created the stonesteles

1.1.2 Theory about the geographical boundaries of Nam Dinh province

The thesis takes the current administrative unit of Nam Dinh province(2020) as a research space, including: 01 city and 09 districts and they are:Nam Dinh city; districts of Giao Thuy, Hai Hau, My Loc, Nam Truc,Nghia Hung, Truc Ninh, Vu Ban, Xuan Truong and Y Yen

1.2 The situation of Vietnamese stone steles study

1.2.1 Sino- Nom documents on Vietnamese stone steless

The document records the earliest information on Vietnamese stone

steless, the thesis introduces the works of Thien uyen tap anh 碑碑碑碑; Dai Viet su ky toan thu 碑碑碑碑碑碑 (Book VII, Tran Dynasty); Hoàng Việt văn tuyển 碑碑碑碑; Le trieu lich khoa Tien si de danh bi ky 碑碑碑碑碑碑碑碑碑碑

1.2.2 Vietnamese stone steles bibliographic books

Introduction of tool books dedicated to stone steles documents

1.2.3 Anthologies of Vietnamese stone steles translation

Introduction of anthologies of Vietnamese stone steles translation

1.2.4 Study works on Vietnamese stone steles

We divide the study works on Vietnamese stone steles in recent timesinto large arrays: Theoretical study works Study works on the content value

of stone steless by topic Study works on stone steles by locality Studyworks on stone steles by era Study works on stone steles about texts

1.3 The situation of collecting, studying and preserving stone steless in Nam Dinh province

1.3.1 The situation of collecting stone steless in Nam Dinh province

In the early years of the 20th century to the end of the 20th century, twoprinting collections were organized and the collection time was quite far apart.1st phase: École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO) organized acollection of Sino- Nom fragment in 36 provinces nationwide with 11,651units of inscriptions with 20,980 facets of fragment, in which stone stelesfragmen of Nam Dinh province is 561 units We conducted a comparisonwith 07 copies printed twice

2nd phase: the Institute of Sino- Nom Studies (IOSNS) organized the printing in many localities across the country As a result, there are morethan 70,000 facets of fragment, of which 1,785 fragment units of in NamDinh province Based on the data of two printings, we have conducted asurvey, compared and found that there are many symbols of the samestone steles fragment as follows: the EFEO fragment coincides with theone collected by the IOSNS is 195 units

re-Thus, from the statistical table of the number of the above stone stelesfragment, it is the basis for determining the data through two printingbatches, of which EFFO is 561 stone steless (excluding 7 duplicatesprinted twice) IOSNS is 1,785 stone steless, the PhD student went to thefield to discover 4 more stone steless without IOSNS's symbols totaling

2,350 stone steless, subtracting the number of duplicate fragment is 195stone steles units, the total number of actual stone steless is 2,155 units.

1.3.2 The situation of introduction and study on stone steles in Nam Dinh province

The stone steless of Nam Dinh province were soon interested byresearchers from different angles, through scientific approaches such astranslation of some stone steless for the ranking of local vestiges,statistical data to serve researchers as a source of study documents such as:

“Tho van Ly – Tran/Ly - Tran Poetry”, Publishing House Social Science,

Hanoi, (Volume 1, 1977; Volume 3, 1978; Volume 2, Q.Thuong, 1988),

Nam Dinh province has 2 stone steless; “Tuyen tap van bia Le so/Anthology of stone steles Le So”, published in 2014, Nam Dinh province has 1 stone steles; “Van bia thoi Tran/Stone steles of Tran

Dynasty”, published in 2016, Nam Dinh province has 2 stone steless;

“Cho truyen thong Viet Nam qua tu lieu van bia/Traditional Vietnamese

market through stone steles documents”, published in 2021, Nam Dinhprovince has 2 stone steless In addition, there are also articles published

in Sino- Nom journals and notices such as: “Buoc dau tim hieu van bia omot huyen thuoc dong bang Bac Bo/The first step to learn about stonesteless in a district in the Northern Delta” by Nguyen Huy Thuc (1987);

“Bia lap trai Si Lam tai xa Nghia Lam, huyen Nghia Hung, tinh NamDinh/The stone steles establishing the Si Lam camp in Nghia Lamcommune, Nghia Hung district, Nam Dinh province” composed by TamDang Hoang and Pham Van Nghi by Nguyen Thi Binh (2003); “Gioi thieuvan bia huyen My Loc tinh Nam Dinh/Introduction of the stone steles in

My Loc district, Nam Dinh province” by Tran Dai An (2020); “Gioi thieuvan bia co noi dung quai de lan bien o tinh Nam Dinh/Introduction of thestone steles with the content of encroaching dykes in Nam Dinh province”

by Tran Dai An (2020)

1.3.3 Some comments on situation of stone steles study in Nam Dinh province

The stone steles in Nam Dinh province has been introduced by manyresearchers and research agencies, but there has not been any study work

to systematically and comprehensively exploit the stone steles of NamDinh province The study works just stop at collecting, introducing andtranslating a number of stone steless, and they have not studied deeply theclassification of stone steless according to certain criteria; also have notfound out the status of the stone steless still in the vestiges

1.4 Study orientation of the thesis

- First of all, the thesis systematizes the stone steles of Nam Dinh provinceaccording to the criteria; learns their distribution over time and space; from there,exploiting the characteristics of Nam Dinh province’s stone steles text ondistribution, the team of creating stone steless, texts, stone steles decorative art, etc

- Learning the value of stone steles content in historical, geographical andeconomic study of Nam Dinh province Especially, the land of Thien Truong

is the second capital under the Tran dynasty, we hope that through the stonesteles, we can bring documents in the study of the family in general and theTran Nam Dinh family in particular

- Learning about culture, education, religion and beliefs of Nam Dinhprovince through stone steless to clarify cultural and spiritual life, policies oneducation and examinations In addition, the study of the stone steless ofpagodas, communal houses, temples, shrines and other worship places willalso contribute to clarifying the unique religious belief life of the people in thehistory of construction and development of Nam Dinh province

- Exploiting the value of Nam Dinh province’s stone steles content willclarify and supplement a number of issues about the local traditional culturethat previous studies have not been able to do

Sub-conclusion

In contemporary society, Sino- Nom stone steles has attracted theattention of scientific researchers, focusing mainly on the two fields ofcollecting and researching to exploit the value of the content

The stone steles in Nam Dinh province has been introduced by someresearchers and research agencies but there has not been any study work tosystematically and comprehensively exploit the stone steles of Nam Dinhprovince

In this thesis, we systematize the entire number of stone steless in NamDinh province with 2,155 units (2,151 fragment and 04 artifact stonesteless); analyzing stone steles characteristics in space and time; studyingthe value of the stone steles content for the history, geography, culture,socio-economics, religious beliefs of Nam Dinh province; promoting thevalue of stone steles in contemporary cultural life, contributing to building

an advanced Vietnamese culture imbued with national identity

CHAPTER 2 SURVEY THE STONE STELES IN NAM DINH PROVINCE 2.1 Characteristics of stone steles distribution in Nam Dinh province

2.1.1 Distribution over time

Through surveying the distribution of 2,155 stone steless over time, westatistic that there are 1469 stone steless with chronology, 571 stone stelesswithout chronology, 97 stone steless with chronology according to Can-Chiand 01 stone steles with dates according to the Chinese chronology To clearlyshow the distribution of stone steless over time, we make a statistical table ofthe stone steless distribution by dynasties as follows:

Table 2.1: Statistical table of the number of stone steless by dynasty

10 Chronology according to Can-Chi 97 4.50%

1 The period of 1533 - 1592 in Vietnamese history is also known as theSouthern - Northern dynasties period, because the Mac government only reallyhad power from present day Ninh Binh province onward, and from Thanh Hoaback, it was the force that rebuilt the Le dynasty in 1533 The following yearswere considered to be the puppet dynasty and by 1677 it had completelydisappeared

2 In fact, the Le Trung Hung dynasty existed from 1533 to 1788, a total of 256 years

11 Chinese chronology 1 0.05%

2.1.2 Distribution over space

Through the survey, 2,155 stone steless are distributed in 10administrative units (01 city and 9 districts) of Nam Dinh province Below

is a statistical table on the number of stone steless in Nam Dinh provincedistributed by administrative unit space as follows:

Table 2.2: Statistical table of the number of stone steless in Nam Dinh province

of Nam Truc district, there are 272/434 stone steless in Co Le pagoda,accounting for 62.7% of the whole district; Nam Dinh city has 321 stonesteless, accounting for 14.9%; Y Yen district has 287 stone steless, accountingfor 13.32%, Xuan Truong district has 275 stone steless, accounting for12.76%; Hai Hau district has 232 stone steless, accounting for 10.77%; VuBan district with 222 stone steless, accounting for 10.3%; Nam Truc districthas 158 stone steless, accounting for 7.33%; My Loc district has 130 stonesteless, accounting for 6.03%; Nghia Hung district has 60 stone steless,accounting for 2.78% and the least number of stone steles distributions is inGiao Thuy district with 36 stone steless, accounting for 1.67%