Dạy học Kĩ thuật lập trình cho sinh viên ngành Kĩ thuật điện tử viễn thông theo hướng phát triển tư duy điện toán.Dạy học Kĩ thuật lập trình cho sinh viên ngành Kĩ thuật điện tử viễn thông theo hướng phát triển tư duy điện toán.Dạy học Kĩ thuật lập trình cho sinh viên ngành Kĩ thuật điện tử viễn thông theo hướng phát triển tư duy điện toán.Dạy học Kĩ thuật lập trình cho sinh viên ngành Kĩ thuật điện tử viễn thông theo hướng phát triển tư duy điện toán.Dạy học Kĩ thuật lập trình cho sinh viên ngành Kĩ thuật điện tử viễn thông theo hướng phát triển tư duy điện toán.Dạy học Kĩ thuật lập trình cho sinh viên ngành Kĩ thuật điện tử viễn thông theo hướng phát triển tư duy điện toán.Dạy học Kĩ thuật lập trình cho sinh viên ngành Kĩ thuật điện tử viễn thông theo hướng phát triển tư duy điện toán.Dạy học Kĩ thuật lập trình cho sinh viên ngành Kĩ thuật điện tử viễn thông theo hướng phát triển tư duy điện toán.Dạy học Kĩ thuật lập trình cho sinh viên ngành Kĩ thuật điện tử viễn thông theo hướng phát triển tư duy điện toán.Dạy học Kĩ thuật lập trình cho sinh viên ngành Kĩ thuật điện tử viễn thông theo hướng phát triển tư duy điện toán.Dạy học Kĩ thuật lập trình cho sinh viên ngành Kĩ thuật điện tử viễn thông theo hướng phát triển tư duy điện toán.
Trang 1HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
-NGUYEN THI ANH THI
TEACHING PROGRAMING TECHNIQUES MODULE FOR
ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
ENGINEERING STUDENTS ON DEVELOPING
Trang 2Hanoi National University of Education
Scientific Supervisors: 1 Assoc Prof., PhD DANG VAN NGHIA
2 PhD NGUYEN HUNG CHINH
Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof., PhD PHAM NGOC THANG
Hung Yen University of Technology and Education
Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof., PhD DO ANH TUAN
National Center for Laser Technology
- National Center for Technological Progress
Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof., PhD TRAN DANG HUNG
Hanoi National University of Education
Defense of the dissertation will take place at the open meeting of Counsil
for doctoral thesis at Hanoi National University of Education
at , date , 2022
The thesis and its summary are avaiable at:
- Vietnam National Library;
- Informatics Center and Library, Hanoi National University of Education
Trang 31 Background of the thesis
1.1 The orientation of the Party and State in fundamental and comprehensive
innovation of education and training in the new age
Resolution No 29-NQ / TW - Resolution of the 8th session of the XI CentralConference on fundamental and comprehensive innovation of education and trainingclearly states the tasks and solutions: "Continue to strongly innovate teaching andlearning methods in a modern direction; promote positivity, initiative, creativity andapply learners' knowledge and skills; overcome imposing one-way communication,memorize machines Focus on teaching how to learn, ways of thinking, encouragingself-study, creating a basis for learners to update and renew their knowledge, skills,and capacity development."
1.2 The urgent need for human resources for electronics and telecommunications in today's society and requirements of human resource training Electronics and Telecommunications
1.2.1 Currently, along with the development of science and technology,people's demand for data use and transmission is constantly increasing, almost alljobs are solved on the basis of information exchange processes many dimensions,many sources, with many different forms from voice, sound, image, etc Theelectronics - telecommunications engineering has realized the ability to connect eachperson, each country by using advanced technology techniques in many differentways In the current industrial revolution 4.0 - the revolution in smart manufacturingbased on breakthrough achievements in science and technology is happeningeverywhere, electronics and telecommunications engineering as well as IT industryplay an important role These are two spearhead engineering disciplines that enablethe creation of the infrastructure to connect, exchange, collect, store and process hugesources of information in the digital world
In addition, according to the statistical results from the Center for Forecast ofHuman Needs and Labor Market Information in Ho Chi Minh City, there is a need torecruit employees to work in the economic and telecom industry in the period of 2020
- 2025 up to about 1.6 thousand people / year and tends to increase It is forecastedthat by 2030, the demand for human resources in electrical engineering, economicsand telecom will increase by 2.5 times compared to 2015 But with the prevailing
Trang 4situation in the current labor market, the supply of high-quality human resources inthe technical field is still in great shortage.
Therefore, the training of quality human resources, meeting the requirements
of the revolution is a more urgent task than ever
1.2.2 With one of the goals of higher education is to form and develop thethinking foundation of students in the new age, that is to have comprehensiveprofessional knowledge, master the principles and natural - social laws, have basicpractical skills, ability to work independently, to create and solve problems within thetrained industry In which, thinking skills can be mentioned such as knowing how toreason, discover, solve problems, know how to learn, how to self-study, have creativethinking, So, the important goal of teaching and learning process is to help studentsdevelop thinking
Nowadays, along with equipping knowledge and skills, the development ofcomputing thinking for students, especially students in electronics andtelecommunications engineering, is very necessary and suitable for the training goal
of electronics and telecommunications engineering Computational thinking includesessential skills for students such as algorithmic thinking skills, problem solvingthinking skills, logical reasoning thinking skills, abstract thinking skills, problemassessment skill,…
Universities training this industry should focus on equipping students inElectronics and Telecommunications skills of system design, analysis, teamwork,interaction, integration, and especially the ability to learn throughout life, catch upand adapt to the extremely fast change of science and technology
1.3 The importance of Programming Engineering for Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering students
In the Resolution, it was stated that promoting the application of informationtechnology in teaching also means equipping students with programming knowledgeand skills It can be seen that the indispensable heart in modern electronic -telecommunications equipment is the processor, even the application automationsystems also have the microcontroller as the central processing task Therefore,equipping students with programming techniques is very necessary
In the training program of Electronic Engineering - Telecommunication,Programming Engineering is one of the basic modules for students Data Structure
Trang 5and Algorithm are considered as the two most important factors in programming,exactly as the famous saying of Mr Niklaus Wirth: "Programs = Data Structures +Algorithms" Mastering of data structures and algorithms is the basis for students togain access to software design and construction as well as use modern programmingtools.
The learning content in modern electronics - telecommunications courses isalways closely linked with programming with control problems, optimal choices incommunication, coverage, and networking, enhancing the role of programmingtechniques Moreover, the content of this module has many problems that can beexploited to stimulate thinking for students The process of algorithmic manipulationand algorithm evaluation, algorithm application and problem solving in reality willcontribute to fostering competency and forming, developing computational thinkingfor students
From the aforementioned reasons, the research titled: " Teaching Programing Techniques module for Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering students
on developing computational thinking".
2 Research Purposes
Researching the theoretical basis of thinking development, computationalthinking, on that basis, proposing solutions to develop computational thinking inteaching Programming Engineering for students of Electronics - TelecommunicationsEngineering
3 The subject, object, and research scope
- Theory on developing thinking and computational thinking in teaching
- The process of teaching to develop computational thinking in teachingstudents majoring in Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering
3.3 Research scope
- Scope of the situation study: Some universities have Electronic Engineering
Trang 6- Telecommunication in the Central and Central Highlands regions.
- Scope of pedagogical testing: students of Electronic Engineering Telecommunication in the Faculty of Engineering and Technology at QuynhonUniversity
-4 Scientific hypothesis
If based on theoretical research on thinking, concept building and elementsconstituting computational thinking, it is possible to propose orientations andsolutions to develop computational thinking in teaching the ProgrammingEngineering module to Electronic – Telecommunication Engineering students,students will develop computational thinking for students, contributing to improvingthe quality of teaching and training of engineers in the field of Electronic –Telecommunication Engineering at universities and technical colleges
5 Research Tasks
- Theoretical research on computational thinking and developingcomputational thinking in teaching to Electronic - Telecommunications Engineeringstudents
Surveying the current situation of teaching and learning in Electronics Telecommunications Engineering with an approach to developing computationalthinking; analyzing the content, detailed outlines, characteristics and teaching method
-of Programming Engineering under the perspective -of the development -of electronicthinking;
- Develop teaching process and some teaching measures oriented to develop thinking for students; compile some lesson plans of Programming Engineeringmodules that use the proposed solution; building measures to test - evaluate thedevelopment of electronic thinking of students;
e Conduct experiments on pedagogy and expert methods to evaluate theeffectiveness of using solutions, test scientific hypotheses and the feasibility of thetopic
6 Research method
Trang 7- Theoretical research methods: Analysis, synthesis, generalization of
international and domestic experiences, related works on computational thinking,teaching theory about teaching, thinking development compute to build thetheoretical basis of the topic
- Practical research methods: Investigate, experiment with pedagogy, expert
methods to survey reality, test and evaluate the proposed measures
- Mathematical statistics method: Processing data in the current situation
survey and testing and evaluating the proposed teaching methods
7 New contributions of the thesis
+ Reviewed computational thinking concepts from other authors and inherited
to give the concept of computational thinking;
+ Identify the elements of computational thinking with 4 components: problemdecomposition, pattern recognition, algorithm design, abstraction and generalization;
+ Proposing five orientations for developing computational thinking inteaching for students
+ Proposing three solutions to develop computing thinking in teachingProgramming Techniques module for Electronics and TelecommunicationsEngineering students
+ Proposing the process of organizing teaching of Programming Techniques todevelop computational thinking for students
+ Apply and write two illustrated lesson plans in teaching programmingtechniques for Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering students
Chapter 3: Experiment and evaluation
MAIN CONTENTS OF THE THESIS
Trang 8Chapter 1: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS FOR DEVELOPING
COMPUTATIONAL THINKING IN TEACHING
1.1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ON DEVELOPING COMPUTATIONAL THINKING IN TEACHING
This section presents an overview and brief about domestic and foreign studies
on the development of thinking in general and different types of thinking in teachingstudents, including developing computational thinking for students Research resultsshow that the nature, constituents of different types of thinking, are the basis forresearch and application in teaching process to develop computational thinking Somestudies have clarified the theoretical and practical basis of developing computationalthinking for learners in high school, and some basic computer science subjects foruniversity students Up to now, there has been no system of researching the system ofprogramming technical teaching issues to develop computational thinking forstudents, particularly students in Electronic engineering, telecommunications
1.2 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS
1.2.1 Thinking
Thinking is considered to be a psychological process belonging to one stage ofthe cognitive process Thinking has been studied by many scientists in many differentfields and the concept of thinking is expressed in different angles In the scope of this
research, the author uses the concept of thinking of most educators: “Thinking is a
psychological process reflecting essential attributes, relationships and internal relationships there is a rule of things and phenomena in objective reality, which we did not know before ”.
1.2.2 Computing
According to the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the meaning ofcomputation (Computation) is some kind of computation that involves arithmetic andnon-arithmetic steps and follows a well-defined model (such as the algorithms,…)
Computing is a certain goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from orcreates a mathematical cycle called a computerized algorithm, or computer
Computing includes the design, development and construction of computerhardware and software systems; editing, structuring and managing various types ofinformation; scientific research on computers; make the computer system work
Trang 9intelligently; create and use media and entertainment The field of computingincludes computer engineering, software engineering, computer science, informationsystems, and information technology.
1.2.3 Computational thinking
Through the results of studying some concepts of computational thinking,studying characteristics, structures, the path of forming and developing computationalthinking, on domestic and foreign documents, it can be said that There hasn't been
a definitive definition of computational thinking until now Accordingly, based onfinding similarities in concepts and relationships of the core components that formcomputational thinking as well as on the basis of the author's concept Wing, we canpropose Concepts of computational thinking are as follows:
“Computational thinking is a kind of thinking to solve a problem through decomposition, recognition to form the problem, and step-by-step construction of the problem in the direction of automatic processing of the computer.”
1.2.4 Developing computational thinking
Developing computational thinking is the process of transforming the ability tosolve problems more completely through training and learning by operating skills ofcomputational thinking
1.2.5 Some other concepts
1.2.5.1 Algorithm
The algorithm is understood as a finite sequence of operations arranged in aspecified sequence, each operation is performed monopoly, these operationstransform the INPUT of a problem class and will end after a finite number of steps toproduce an output (OUTPUT), describing the problem class's solution
1.2.5.2 Algorithm thinking
Algorithmic thinking is a form of mathematical thinking that is closely related
to the execution of thinking operations, arranged in a certain order that results insolving a given task
TEACHING
1.3.1 Characteristics of computational thinking
Computational thinking is a problem-solving process that includes thefollowing characteristics: Building problems in a way that allows us to use computers
Trang 10and other tools to help solve them; Reasonable organization and analysis of data;Presenting data through abstract concepts such as modeling and simulation;Automate solutions through algorithmic thinking; Identify, analyze, and deploypossible solutions with the goal of achieving the most effective and effectivecombination of steps and resources; Generalize and move this problem-solvingprocess to many different problems.
1.3.2 The elements of computational thinking
Based on the concept of computational thinking stated, the author found thatcomputational thinking is a combination of many interrelated processes to solve problemseffectively, apply similarly according to the computer's execution Those processes arethe elements that make up computational thinking (in Figure 1.2)
a- Problem Decomposition: This is a method to separate problems and divide
them into smaller and easier to understand parts This method is also known as "Divideand conquer"
b- Pattern Recognition: This is a method to identify similarities and differences
in the problem
c- Algorithmic Thinking: This is the process of building a schema consisting of
steps in sequence to solve all problems
d- Abstraction and Generalization: Abstraction of a problem into a concept or
principle Generalization is the process of adjusting built-in solutions or algorithms intodifferent problem states, even when the variables are different
Figure 1.2 The elements of Computational thinking
The components of computational thinking are interrelated processes that aregrouped together to solve problems efficiently, and manipulated in the same waycomputers do (in Figure 1.3)
Trang 11Figure 1.3 Computational thinking process
1.3.3 Teaching nature develops computing thinking for students
The main perspectives on computational thinking are 1) it is problem solvingand system design based on fundamental concepts of computer science; 2) it meanscreating and using varying degrees of abstraction, to understand and solve problemsmore efficiently; 3) it means algorithmic thinking and the ability to applymathematical concepts to develop more efficient, fair, and secure solutions; and 4) itmeans not to make people think like computers, but to develop the full range ofthinking tools needed to effectively use computers to solve complex humanproblems
1.3.4 Evaluate students' degree of developing computational thinking
1.3.4.1 Basic principles when assessing the development of computational thinking
The measurement and evaluation of learner thinking development should bedone by indirect measurement, combining two means of assessment: student learningresults and process
1.3.4.2 Some ways to evaluate the development of computational thinking
Some ways of assessing the level of developing computational thinkingcapacity are as follows: Content to test; Exercise to test the application of knowledge;Quick problem solving test; General test; Evaluation by case study
Using SOLO scale to describe 5 levels of understanding of students whensolving programming problems and presenting a similar explanation of using SOLOscale applied when learners do programming exercises simple:
- Level 1: Students begin to access knowledge of programming structures andprogramming skills
- Level 2: Students accurately represent some programming problems but notall aspects of programming problems
- Level 3: The student can represent a line description of the programming code orexecute the programming code manually for a specific case
Trang 12- Level 4: Students can write a program (in a programming language) on thecomputer to solve a specific problem.
- Level 5: Students link techniques in programming and flexible application toproblem solving
1.3.5 Some orientations to develop computational thinking for students
Orientation 1: The development of computational thinking for students is
done in the direction of impacting each constituent element of computationalthinking
Orientation 2: In order to develop computational thinking for students in
economics and tele-economics, it is necessary to focus on exploiting the content ofmodule knowledge with the potential to develop computational thinking andappropriate content orientation in the era
Orientation 3: Using teaching methods based on modern psychology theory to
develop computational thinking for students
Orientation 4: Using teaching methods based on modern psychology theory to
develop computational thinking for students
Orientation 5: Teachers create an environment for students to choose to
perform learning tasks according to their ability, qualifications and interest inlearning, promote positivity in students' perception in accordance with practicalcircumstances, educational and practical environment of students
1.4 CURRENT SITUATION OF COMPUTER THROUGH DEVELOPMENT FOR ELECTRONIC - TELECOMMUNICATIONS STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITIES OF CENTRAL AND TAY NGUYEN
With the survey method by questionnaires and interviews with 37 lecturers and
142 students, the topic has surveyed the teaching and learning situation for students
in Electronic engineering, telecommunications according to the orientation ofdeveloping computational thinking in some Electronic engineering andTelecommunications training institution in the central region and the CentralHighlands The results of qualitative and quantitative surveys show:
- The development of computational thinking for students is an important andnecessary issue; Ability to develop computational thinking for students in Electronicand telecommunications engineering through the module of ProgrammingEngineering
Trang 13- Computational thinking is quite new to teachers and students and has notbeen exposed to much and applied in teaching and learning process The thinkingdevelopment of students also depends on social factors, psychological factors,…
- Analyzing the situation that affects teaching and learning, the formation anddevelopment of computing thinking for students The analysis results have shownthat computational thinking is quite new to teachers and students and has not beenexposed to much and applied in teaching and learning processes The thinkingdevelopment of students also depends on social factors, psychological factors, .Computing thinking can help students be able to solve problems as well as in theprocess of learning programming
- Proposing 5 teaching orientations to develop computational thinking forstudents
In summary, the theoretical and practical research results on teaching thedevelopment of computer thinking for these students serve as the basis for proposingand implementing specific teaching measures to help develop computational thinkingfor students through the course of Programming Techniques in Chapter 2
Chapter 2 DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTATIONAL THINKING FOR STUDENTS IN TEACHING PROGRAMMING TECHNOLOGY
2.1 PROGRAM ANALYSIS OF PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES
2.1.1 Outline of the program structure of Electronics and telecommunications engineering
The program is designed to ensure that graduates achieve the following output
standards: “… design and operation of electronic systems and products for
applications, electronic information and telecommunications systems, electrical systems smart device based on embedded system and IoT ”