Nguge lai, sau khi thiet lap dugc nen thdng trj tai Philippin 1571, Tay Ban Nha bien qudn ddo ndy thdnh phdng tuyen ngdn chdn sy bdnh trudng cua Bd Ddo Nha, vuon tdi thj trudng huong l
Trang 1LICH sCr - VAN HOA - XA HOI CHAU AU
PHILIPPIN TRONG CHINH SlICH THl/ONG m\ CUR
TRV BRN NHR 6 CHRU R THCKV (XVI-XIX)
Vdo nira dau the ky XVI, hai cudng
r \ A
qudc ve thuong mai a chdu Au Id Tdy B;m
Nha vd Bd Ddo Nha deu hudng ve phuong
Ddng de tim kiem huong lieu, vdng bac vd
truyen giao O chdu Phi, chdu A, Bd Ddo
Nha dang chiem uu the, nhieu cdng sy vd
tram giao thuong da dugc thiet lap nhdm
ngdn chdn sy xdm nhap, boat ddng thuang
mai vd canh tranh quyen lyc cua Tdy Ban
Nha y khu vyc nay Nguge lai, sau khi thiet
lap dugc nen thdng trj tai Philippin (1571),
Tay Ban Nha bien qudn ddo ndy thdnh
phdng tuyen ngdn chdn sy bdnh trudng cua
Bd Ddo Nha, vuon tdi thj trudng huong lieu
Ddng Nam A vd thiet lap quan he thuang
r
mai vdi Trung Qudc vd Nhdt Bdn Chinh
quan diem ndy cua Tdy Ban Nha dd tdc dgng
den chinh sdch kinh te ndi chung vd ehinh
sach thuang mai ndi rieng xuyen sudt thdi ki
cai tri cua hg 6 Philippin (1571-1898)
1 Diing Philippin de buon ban vdi
Trung Quoc va Nhat Ban
D I chdng lai su canh tranh cua Bd Ddo
Nha a Ddng Nam A vd thu hiit thuang mai
eiia khu vyc ndy, chinh quyen Tdy Ban Nha
da dz ra nhiing chinh sdch khuyin khich
P G S T S D a n g Van Chircng Ths Le Thi Lien
BH Sir pham Hue
thuong nhdn chdu A den budn bdn d Manila Hoat dgng thuang mai vai Trung Qudc ludn dugc Tdy Ban Nha ddt vdo vj tri hang dau a thuong cdng Manila trong so sdnh vdi cdc nuac khde Manila da thu hiit nhieu thuong thuyen cha day to lua den tir Trung Qudc vd nhieu hdng hda khdc tir cdc nuac Ddng Nam
A Tdy Ban Nha da thdnh cdng khi bien
Philippin thdnh thuang cdng cua hg or chau
A Vdo cudi the ky XVI, chinh sdch dd da thu duge nhimg ket qud nhat dinh Vd
"Manila trd thdnh diem din cua cdc nhd budn Trung Qudc, Siam, Cambodia, vd qudn ddo Spice Trudc cudi the ky XVI, budn bdn vdi Trung Qudc da phdt dgt NhOng thuyin budn ldn cua Tdy Ban Nha tit cdngAcapulco cua Mexico da chd tdi Manila tien ddla, bgc
vd vdng nen de mua ta lua ciia Trung Qudc,
vd ddng ddla ciia Mexico dd dd vdo cdc thuong cdng ciia Trung Qudc Id Qudng Ddng, Macao, Ninh Ba vdi khdi lugng rdt ldn vd do do trd thdnh vdt trung gian trao ddi trong thuang mgi qudc ti a Viin Ddng"^
Ben canh nhung boat dgng thuang mai cua Manila vdi Trung Qudc, Nhat Ban ciing
' D.G.E.Hall (1997), L/ch su Dong Nam A, Nxb Chinh trj Quoc gia,
HJtN0i,tr.393
Trang 228 NGHIEN CCfU CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°l 2 (135).2011
la mpl thi trudrng quan trpng doi vdi thuang
thuyen den tir thuang cang nay, hon niia lay
Ban Nha cung muon canh tranh vai Bd Ddo
Nha trong \icc tham nhap vao thj Irudng
Nhat Ban Vc phia Nhat Ban, hp cung muon
han che sy dpc quyen ciia Bd Ddo Nha va
han che nhCrng hau qua kinh te do chinh sach
ddng cira ciia nha Minh gay ra ddi vai thi
Irudng Nhat Ban, gidi cam quyen nudc nay
mudn md rdng quan he vai Philippin va
thdng qua Manila de luu thdng vdi Trung
Quoc Trong cudn The Manila Galleon, tac
gia William Lytic Schurz da danh gia rat cao
\j tri cua Manila nhu sau: ''Trong Idl cd
nhirng cdng ihi d Vien Dong, Manila la diem
Irung tdm lot nhdt cho mdu dich Vien Ddng
cd ve mat dia ly lu nhien vd mat dia ly kinh
li CO hai logi hdng hod chii yeu nhdi d
thuang cdng ndy la: ta lua tic phuang Bdc
den va huang lieu tir phuang Nam len, de
ddng lap Irung d Manila, sau do nhitng hdng
hod ndy dugc van chuyen di chdu Au, chdu
My, Nhdt Bdn, Trung Qudc, cdc vuong quoc
Dong An Do vd tic Dong Nam bdn ddo Md
Lai den mdt logt ddo Ihugc Malucku, dd hinh
Ihdnh nen nua vong Iron ldn ldy Manila ldm
Irung Idm Xel ve cu ly cdc vung sdn xudi
chil yeu nhu Malacca, Macao va Balavia deu
khdng CO vi tri uu viet nhu thuang cdng
nay
Xuat phdt tir vi tri rat quan trpng trong
nhimg tuyen thuong mai khu vyc vd thi giai,
Tdy Ban Nha da ket ndi thdnh cdng thuang
cdng Manila vai thi trudng Trung Quoc vd
William Lytle Schurz (1959), The Manila Galleon, New York: E
P Dutton & Co, p.27
Nhal Bdn v6i thj trudrng chau My, chau Au vao the ky XVll vd hg da thu duge nhieu lgi nhuan lir con dudng thuang mai nay
2 Lay Philippin de thong thuong vdi cac thupc dja chau My (thupc Tay Ban Nha)
Sau khi thilt lap dugc sy thdng In d Philippin (1571) lirng buac Tdy Ban Nha da
md ra tuyln mau dich hang hdi thuyen budm lan tir Manila den Acapulco ciia Mexico, van chuyen bac ciia Mexico den Manila de doi lay to sdng vd lua ciia Trung Qudc Tay Ban Nha da biln Manila trdr thdnh trung tdm mau dich quan trgng ciia Philippin va ciia ea khu vyc, vd Id ddu mdi quan trgng trong tu>en thuang mai chdu A vd chdu My To lua va cae hang hod khdc tir thi Irudng Ddng A duge dua qua Mexico, rdi lir Mexico hang hod lai duge tdi xudt khdu \ do cac nuac chau
Au
Vdo nhimg ndm 70 ciia the ky XVI, Tay
ban Nha dd thdm hiem vd xdc lap Ig trinh
thuang mgi Manila Acapulco Trong thdi
ky ddu, cdc tdu budn thudng xudt phdt tir Cavite vdo thdng 7 di ve hudng Bdc cho den khi hg gdp gid Ta>' a vT tuyln 38 hay 40, xudi den ddo Aleutian, hg phdt hien con dudng gpi la Id trinh dudng trdn ldn ddng tdm (Great Circle Route), hg di theo dudng ndy den hdn ddo gan phia bdc California ngdy nay Tir day, hg di thuyen dgc bdr bien xudng phia Nam cho den Acapulco Day la
16 trinh ngdn vd nhanh nhdt giira Manila va Acapulco Tuy nhien, vdo nhung ndm 80 ciia thi ky XVI, chinh quyln Tay Ban Nha phM
Trang 3^tiUifbfdtt trn^tjq ehhth sAeh 29
thay ddi Id trinh tir Manila din Acapulco
Thu nhdt, do tren Id trinh nay chju nhilu dnh
hudng cua tdm bao gdy nguy hilm eho ede
tau cd trgng tdi ldn, cong kinh Thir hai, do
sy xuat hien eiia ngudri Anh vd cd tdu eua
ngudi Ha Lan dgc theo bd bien phia lay nude
MT Dd la cac tdu cua Sir Francis Drake (nam
1579) vd Thomas Cavendish, tat ed nhiing
ngudi nay deu quan tdm vd mudn chiem giii
eon dudng thuang mai vai Manila Vi vdy,
de trdnh hai mdi nguy hiem tren, Tdy Ban
Nha da thay ddi Id trinh gdn ve hudng Nam
hon, mac dii Id trinh ndy tau gap gid nguge
chieu vd thudng mat 5 thdng hay ddi hon de
den dugc Acapulco Nhung khi tdu quay ve
Philippin so vdi chuyen di cd phdn de dang
hon, chi mat 40 den 60 ngdy Tdu thudng rdri
Acapulco vdo thdng 2 hay thdng 3, di ve
hudng Nam eho den khi hg gap gid (vdo
khodng 10 dp VI tuyen bdc), nhdr diing chieu
gid hp de ddng den ddo Ladrone, nai md
thinh thoang hp dimg lai tai Guam Tir day,
hp ve Manila bdng eo bien San
Bemarodino
d Manila, Tdy Ban Nha kinh doanh to
sdng vd lya Trung Qudc, day Id nhOng mat
r
hang ehu dao Hp kinh doanh ta sdng vd lya
tam md thuong thuyen Trung Qudc chdr den
Manila, rdi sd ta lya ndy dugc chdr din
Acapulco cua Mexico, sau dd tir Acapulco
vd Sevilla (Tdy Ban Nha) thdm nhdp vdo thj
trudng chdu Au Cudi thi ky XVI cho din
thi ky XVII, thuong cdng Manila trdr nen
phdn thinh, vd trdr thdnh mdt trong nhiing
thuong cdng v6i tu cdch la mdt tram trung chuyen quan trpng trong nhiing boat ddng thuong mai khu vyc vd thi giai duai sy quan
ly eiia Tdy Ban Nha
3 Tay Ban Nha giir dpc quyen thuong m^i giira Philippin voi chau My, chau Au va chau A
Thuang mai bdng thuyen budm da dem lai cho Manila sy thjnh vugng vdo cudi the
ky XVI vd nen thuang mai dd da phat trien nhanh tai miic chdng bao lau, cac thuang gia Xli Seville vd Cadiz (Tdy Ban Nha), nhimg ngudi qudn li budn ban ciia Tay Ban Nha xudt khau sang My, bat ddu lo ngai trudc lan sdng hdng hda phuong Ddng - nhat la hang del Trung Qudc se dnh hudng den viec budn bdn cua hg vd cdc ngdnh cdng nghiep ehe bien Viec xudt khdu mdt khdi lugng ldn bac tir phdn chdu My thude Tdy Ban Nha sang phuang Ddng ciing Id mdt mdi lo ngai niia Do dd, nam 1593, Tdy Ban Nha thi hdnh chinh sdch ddng cua ddi vdi thuong mai cua Philippin Thuang mai ciia Philippin vai cdc thugc dja a chdu My eua Tdy Ban Nha phdi dugc chuyen cha bang tdu budm thugc sa hiiu cua nhd nuac Tdy Ban Nha vd hai cdng duy nhdt dugc phep Id Manila (Philippin) vd Acapulco (Mexico) Chinh phu Tdy Ban Nha quy dinh: Xuat khdu tir Manila sang Mexico se bi ban che or miie gid tri tdi da la 250.000 peso vd nhdp khdu vdo Manila tir Mexico Id 500.000 peso, vd chi sir dung hai tdu budm, siic cha mdi tdu khdng qua 300 tdn Din ndm 1734, ban ngach ndy
Benitez Conrado (1954), History of the Philippines, Manila Ginn
and Company, Philippines, p 145
Trang 430 NGHIEN CCfU CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N ° l 2 (135 011
dugc nang ICMI 500.000 va 1.000.000 peso,
nhirng so lugng Idu chi cdn mot chiec
Nam 1785, Cdng ly Hoang gia Philippin
dirge thanh lap nhdm lang cudrng quan hp
budn ban giira Philippin va Tdy Ban Nha
Cdng ty dugc trao nhCrng dae quyen thuong
mai cd tinh ddc quyen vdri Manila nhu duge
phep sir dung thuyC-ii ciia chinh phii lay Ban
Nha, dugc ho trg gia hang hod, dugc uu lien
d tiit ca eae cang bicn phucmg Ddng, dugc
mien thul khi xuat hang sang chau Au
Nhung bdl chdp nhirng no lyc ciia Hodng gia
lay Ban Nha, Cdng ty van khdng phat trien
len duge
Tir giu:a thi ky XVIII, hoat ddng budn
ban giti:a Mexico va Philippin gap nhieu khd
khan do ehi phi cho eac dodn ihuyen qua
eao, do gap bao, cudrp bien vd sT quan chi
huy thieu nang lyc Nhirng thiet hai nay ket
hgp vdi viec thiet lap cdng ty Hoang gia
Philippin nam 1785 va viec thuong nhdn
Anh, My tien hdnh budn lau vai Mexico
khien eon dudng thuang mai do Tay Ban
Nha lap nen giira Mexico va Philippin bj huy
bd vao thang 4 nam 1815
Trudc sy phat trien manh me eiia kinh te
tu ban chil nghTa a nhieu nuoc Tdy Au vd
Bac My, chinh sach ddng cira Philippin vd
ddc quyen thuang mai khdng cdn phii hgp
Ngdy 6/9/1834, Nii: hodng Isabel II dd ra mdt
sac lenh gidi tan cdng ty Hodng gia
Philippin, tuyen bd ma cira Philippin ddi vdi
thj trudng thi giai, khuyin khich thuang mai
vai Trung Qudc vd bai bd ddc quyln sdn
xudt thuoc Id Tir day ngudri nuac ngodi dan dan tham nhap vdo kinh ll Philippin
4 Tay Ban Nha mo cira thuong mai Philippin (1834-1898)
Vao nira dau the ky XIX, truac lan sdng xam nhap 6 at ciia cdc nuac phuang Tay vao chdu A, Tdy Ban Nha khdng the tiep tuc ddng eira, dgc quyen thuong mai dr Philippin nhu truac dugc nira Chinh vi vdy nam
1834, Tdy Ban Nha ban hanh sac lenh md cira ly do boa thuang mai Philippin Nhd do, nam 1842, a Manila ed 39 cdng ty vd thuang diem ciia ngudri Tdy Ban Nha va khoang 12 cdng ty ciia ngudri ngoai qudc, trong dd 8 cdng ty cua Anh, 2 cdng t\ ciia \IT, I cdng ty eua Phdp vd 1 cdng t\ ciia Dan Mach Cac lanh sy quan ciia Phap, MT, Dan Mach, Thuy
Dicn xudt hicn a Manila Theo Bowring, vao
khoang ndm 1859, ed nhieu cdng ty nudc ngodi dugc thdnh lap, trong dd 8 cdng ty ciia Anh, 3 eua MT, 2 ciia Phap, 2 ciia Thuy Dien
\ ii I ciia Dire"*
Mdc dil Manila mo cira, nhieu thuong nhdn ban xir iing hd ehii nghTa thuong mai tir
do nhung vdn chua thoa man \i hg gap nhieu khd khdn trong viec van chuyen hdng hoa xuat khdu tir cdc tinh cdch xa trung tam Manila Hdng hod tir cae tinh Ilocano, phia Nam Luzon, Visaya vd thdm chi Mindanao, tdt cd phdi chuyen den Manila rdi mai xuat khdu di Do thdy he thdng van chuyin nay la khdng cdn thiet, mdt thai gian, tieu tdn lien
Benitez Conrado (1954), History of the Philippines, Manila Ginn
and Company, Philippines, p.233
Trang 5^lutlftfdn terutq efu'nh idch 31
bac, nen hg yeu cdu chinh phu Philippin phdi
md eira nhieu cang biln hon niia Dap lai yeu
eau nay, ehinh phii Philippin ban hdnh sdc
lenh ngdy 29/9/1855, quylt djnh ma eiia cac
cang Sual (Pangasian), lloilo va Zamboanga;
Mdt sac lenh Hodng gia tilp theo eung dugc
ban hanh ngay 30/7/1860, quy djnh vl viec
Cebu khdng phdi chuyen chd hang hod den
Manila hay lloilo de xuat khau, ddng thai
tuyen bd mdr cira cang Cebu mdt each dpe
lap Cang Legazpi va Tacloban md nam
1873 Di ciing vai viec md cira nhieu cang d
cae tinh thi eae cdng ty nuac ngodi ciing
dugc thanh lap a dd
nudc da thay the hdng hod mang tir eae nude phuang Ddng khac Nam 1839, xudt khdu hang hod sdn xudt trong nuac vai tdng gia trj
la 2.674.220 peso, trong khi nam 1810 xuat khau chi 500.000 peso Va nlu nhu nam
1782, dudng Id sdn phdm duy nhat thu hiit sy quan tdm eua ede nha san xuat vdi tdng gia trj xuat khdu la 30.000 pieul thi din nam
1840, xuat khau dudng len din 146.661 pieul; vd nam 1854, tdng so xuat khdu tang len 566.371 pieul (gap 4 lan sd lugng xuat khdu ndm 1840); va nam 1857 len- din 714.059 pieul
Tuong ty ddi vdi san pham cay sgi gai dau, tdng xudt khdu sang Anh, MT ciing tang len lien tyc, mac dii mdi xam nhap thj trudng the gidi vdo ddu the ky XIX Xem Bang I
Bang 1: Xuat khau san pham cay sgi gai dau ciia Philippin (1840-1858)
(Dan vi tinh: Pieul)
Ty do thuang mai thiie day ndng nghiep
va cdng nghiep che bien phat trien, xudt khau
tang len vd nhiing sdn phdm sdn xudt trong
Nam
Khdi lugng xudt khdu
1840
83.790
1845
102.490
1850
123.410
1853
221,518
1857
327.574
1858 412.502
Ngudn: Benitez Conrado (1954), History of the Philippines, Manila Ginn and Company, Philippines, p.236
Den the ky XIX, thuong mai Philippin da cd sy tien bd ro ret Xem Bdng 2
Bdng 2: Xuat nhap khdu cua Philippin (1810-1894),
Nam
1810
1841
1851
1861
1870
Xuat khau
4.795.000 5.329.000 4.172.000 8.065.000 28.000.000
•>
Nhap khau
4.270.000 3.092.000 4.019.968 10.817.444 23.500.000
Nam
1873
1880
1885
1890
1894
Xuat khau
16.753.614 23.450.685 24.553.685 25.167.362 33.149.984
•>
Nhap khau
13.217.836 25.486.461 19.171.468 19.325.674 28.558.552
Ngudn: Eufronio M Alip (1964), History of the Philippines, Manila Alip and Sons,
INC, Philippines, p 92-93
Trang 632 NGHIEN CCfU CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°12 (135).2011
Bdng 3: Tong so dudng xuat khau ciia tinh lloilo (Dgn vfpiculs)
Ndm
Den nudc ngoai Den Manila
1859
9.344 77.488
1860
40.176 72.592
1861
44.256 29.312
1862
102.464 98.912
1863
170.832 80.000
Ngudn: Benitez Conrado (1954), History of the Philippines, Manila Ginn and Company, Philippines, p 236
Philippin ed quan he thuang mai vai
chau Au, chau My vd eae nuac chau Ạ Ndm
1893, chilm Ircn 37% thuang mai v6i Anh;
19% thuong mai vdi Trung Quoc vd Hong
Kdng: 18% vai Tdy Ban Nha; 10% v6i MT;
va edn lai la quan hp thuang mai vai Dire,
Phap, Nhat vd eac nudrc khac Hdng hod nhdp
khau hau het Id bdng, rugu, gidy, sdt thep, to
lya, giay dep, đu vd ede san phdm đng hop
Philippin eiing phdi nhdp khdu liia mi vd gaọ
Hang hod xudt khdu: cay gai đu vd dudng
chiem 75%, cdn lai Id ciii dira khd, thudc la,
than, da thii, cdy huong lieụ chiem 25%
Nhin mdt each tdng the, tdng sd xudt khdu đ
vugt cao hon tdng nhdp khdu, vd vi vdy đ
tao nen sy cdn bang thuang mai tren qudn
đô
Viec mdr eira nhieu cdng mai đ ldm cho
san pham eua cdc viing mien cd mdt dr cdc
cdng mdi ngdy cdng nhieu (xem Bdng 3) vd
hoat đng thuong mai duge kich thich phdt
trien Chdng ban, ndm 1857, cdng Sual giri
237 tdu chdr gao din Manila, trong đ 60 tdu
di nude ngodị Din ndm 1859, a tinh lloilo
bdt đu cd đu hipu tdng sdn xudt, todn bg
long gia trj xudt khdu ndm 1858 chi Id
82.000 peso, ndm 1863 tdng len 1.000.000
pesọ
Thuang mai phdt trien thiic day viec xay dyng dudng xd, cau cong, djch vu buu dien duge cdi thipn, dudng đy cdp, thdng tin lien lac eung duge dua vdo Philippin; dudng tau chay bdng hai nuac ciing dugc xa> dyng đu lien giira Manila Tay Ban Nha Hdng Kdng; dudng xe ngua bat đu dugc van hdnh
a Manila; vd cudi cimg, vdi viec mdr rdng dudng sdt Manila Dagupan ndm 1891, Philippin thyc sy buac ra khdi nhung the ky
bj đng cira, cd lap
Dr Padro de Tavera nhdn xet \ e he qua cua sy cdi thien dieu kien kinh te ciia cu đn
a cdc tinh: ''Ngudi Philippin đ cho thdy mot
bdng chumg ve su hieu biet vd khdt vgng ciia
hg bdng cdch giri con cdi ciia hg den Manila hgc tap; mua nhung mon do ndi thdt va nhirng mdn hdng xa xi cho ngdi nhd vd cho
cd nhdn; mua pianos, xe ngua vd nhieng mon hdng nhdp khdu tic MT vd chdu Au cimg vdi cdc thuang nhdn nudc ngodí Sy du nhap
cua nhirng mdn hdng xa xi mai ndy da lam
thdnh mgt "cugc cdch mgng trong y thiec xa
hgi"^
5 Nh^n xet
Ị Sau khi thilt lap bg mdy cai tri d
Philippin, Tay Ban Nha thuc hien chinh sdch
Eufroniọ M Alip (1964), History of the Philippines, Manila Alip
and Sons, INC, Philippines, p.93
Benitez Conrado (1954), History of the Philippines, Manila Ginn and Company, Philippines, p.244
Trang 7^tuUfifdit teo^tq ehitdt sAeh 33
cai tri todn dien tren tdt ed cae ITnh vyc ehinh
trj, kinh tl, van hod, xd hdi nhdm bdc Ipt
thudc dja Vl kinh tl, khde vdri thude dja
chau My, Tay Ban Nha ehii trpng vdo khai
md vd sdn xudt ddn diln Cdn a thudc dja
Philippin, khdng cd nhilu ngudn tdi nguyen
de phat trien ndng nghiep vd cdng nghiep
khai md nen Tdy Ban Nha chi chii trpng vdo
thuang mai, va hdu nliu khdng quan tdm den
ndng nghiep vd cdng nghiep Tdy Ban Nha
da lgi dyng vj tri dja li thuan Igi vai nhung
cang bien nuac sdu dac biet Id Manila de
bien Philippin thanh mdt diem trung chuyen
hang hod Id mdt thuang cdng cua hg a chdu
r r
A, vi vdy da thu biit tat ed ngudi Tdy Ban
Nha tu binh linh, quan chiic, gido sT tham gia
vao boat ddng thuang mai ed nhieu lgi
nhuan nay
2 Trong thdi ky ddu thdng trj Philippin,
thuang mai Tdy Ban Nha gap nhieu khd
khan do nhung ddi thu canh tranh tren bien
nhu Anh, Hd Lan, Trung Qudc, Nhdt Nhiing
thuyen budn ciia Tdy Ban Nha thudng bj
cudp phd Tir cudi the ky XVI (1593), chinh
quyen Tdy Ban Nha di vdo eon dudng bdo
thu ban cbl budn bdn, thi hdnh chinh sdch
ddng cira, hdu hit thuang nhan nudc ngodi
diu hi cam vdo Philippin Cu ddn khdng
duge budn bdn trao ddi hdng hod vdi thuyen
budn ngoai qudc Hdng xuat khdu trong giai
doan ndy bi gidm siit rdt nhilu Tuy nhien,
Tay Ban Nha chi duy tri tuyln thuong mai
dpc quyln duy nhdt cua Manila - Acapulco
tirndm 1593 din 1834
3 Vdo nira ddu the ky XIX, trudc sy trdi
day eua Anh, My, Phdp Tdy Ban Nha khdng dil siie cd lap Philippin nira va budc phdi mdr cira Cdc nuac tu ban phuang Tay
da thiet lap cdc van phdng thuang mai cua minh tai Manila vd din thap ky 60 the ky XIX, nhieu cdng bien eiia Philippin dugc md eira, ty do hod thuong mai Thj trudng ndi dja dugc hinh thdnh, ca cau ndng nghiep thay ddi theo hudng xuat khau ndng san va tien te hod ddt dai Trong thdnh thj, eac cdng xudng xudt hien Da cd lao ddng lam thue theo miia Kinh te ddn dien cGng dugc thiet lap
4 Su hien dien cua Tay Ban Nha a
Philippin cimg vdi boat ddng thuong mai da ldm cho qudn ddo Philippin ed nhieu bien chuyen Kinh te Philippin cd sy chuyen djch trong ca cdu, thuong mai dam nhan vai trd chil dao thay cho ndng nghiep, cdng nghiep Yeu td tu ban chii nghTa vdi nen san xuat hdng boa ra ddri da tac ddng den nen kinh te thude dja Id tien de cho nen kinh te Philippin timg buac hdi nhdp vai nen kinh te the giai Nen van hod Philippin tra nen da dang, phong phii do sy ket hgp cua nen van boa truyen thdng vai vdn hod phuong Tdy vd van hod Tdy Ban Nha
Tuy da cd nhihig bien chuyen tich eye, nhung do chi Id or mdt bg phan ngudri Philippin, cdn tren tat cd cdc ITnh vyc, quan ddo ndy vdo cudi thi ky XIX Id mdt thudc dia lac hdu nhdt trong he thdng thugc dja t h | giai, xuat phdt tir sy yeu kem gid cdi cua ehii nghia thyc dan cG Tdy Ban Nha