Nghiên cứu trích ly Polyphenol từ củ Hà thủ ô đỏ (Polygonum multiflorum thunb.) và ứng dụng trong thực phẩm

THESIS PROPOSAL THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY AND LIÈGE UNIVERSITY LE MINH THANH EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT METHODS ON EFFLUENT PARAMETERS IN BIEN HOA I INDUSTRIAL ZONE Major EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT MASTER’S THESIS HOCHIMINH CITY, 2018 http www ulg ac be http www ulg ac be 9 INTRODUCTION 1 The reason for choosing the t.

THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY

AND LIÈGE UNIVERSITY

LE MINH THANH

EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT METHODS ON EFFLUENT PARAMETERS IN BIEN HOA

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INTRODUCTION

1 The reason for choosing the topic

The river basin is the geographic area in which all water sources (surface water, groundwater, rainfall, etc…) flow naturally to rivers or streams, which are limited

by dividing lines Therefore, the river basin is an important part, directly affecting surface water The river basin acts as a gateway to the waterways, so that objects from the basin as well as neighboring areas can flow into the river That is why the watershed can have a detrimental effect on the ecosystem, just like human activities such as industrial waste and residential waste

A particular, Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone is located in the Dong Nai river basin This

is one of the industrial parks formed very early in 1963, with a total area of about

335 hectares The location of the industrial zone is adjacent to the Cai River, a branch of the Dong Nai River If pollution control of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone is not sufficient, this will directly affect the quality of the environment and the ecosystem area in Dong Nai river basin

Bien Hoa I Industrial Park is adjacent to An Binh Residential Area, Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone which has a great influence on socio-economic development in the locality The combination of risks from residential areas and industrial zones makes the environmental quality of this area is likely to decline dramatically In addition, because of this industrial park has been formed for a long time, so far production technology has been downgraded and backward is one of the risks are alarming Although the infrastructure has been upgraded several times for this project There have been years, this area has been a source of alarm for the environmental water pollution that is at risk from industrial activity

Some experts said that to solve pollution in the Dong Nai river basin, especially in the Cai river basin, the pollutants must be monitored more tightly Therefore, it is

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necessary to have timely research, not to continue the untreated wastewater discharge, directly into the environment as existing in some areas, need to take measures to check and handle Industrial zone polluting water sources

The research on "Examination of the effects of wastewater treatment methods in Bien Hoa I industrial zone" is needed to support pollution control and environmental quality management at Dong Nai river basin, due to activities of Bien Hoa I industrial park

2 Objectives of the study

Assessment of waste water status in Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone through monitoring indicators

Forecast trend of pollutant load in waste water in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I

Proposing solutions to control and minimize pollution of wastewater treatment in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I

3 Object and scope of the study

3.1 Object

Wastewater norms of Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone

Load of industrial waste discharge

3.2 Scope

Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone

4 The methodology

Collect information, data

Comparison with standard and status

Statistics, calculate the load parameters

5 The meaning of the topic

5.1 Scientific meaning

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The results of the study show the ecological environment of the river basin, supplementing the literature at home and abroad for other studies Data citation as well as references help preserve statistics for reference works on river ecosystem ecology, as well as topics related to forecasting load trends contamination at the industrial park

5.2 Practical meaning

Research can be applied to support the management of Bien Hoa I Industrial Park as well as other industrial parks that are old or relocated Contribute to the scientific basis and practicality of the planning plans in the case of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I must switch functions

According to the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, water pollution means such contamination of water or such alteration of the physical, chemical or biological properties of water or such discharge of any sewage or trade effluent or of any other liquid, gaseous or solid substance into water (whether directly or indirectly) as may or is likely to, create a nuisance or render such water harmful or injurious to public health or safety or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural or other legitimate uses, or the life and health of animals or plants or of aquatic organisms [24]

The total amount of water on the earth is about 1.35 billion cubic kilometres (3.5x1020 gallons) Over 97 percent of this quantity is in the oceans as salt water

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The earth„s fresh water amounts to only 37 million cubic kilometres of which 80 percent occurs in polar ice caps and glaciers The water we use comes from 50 cubic kilometres per day run off in the rivers, streams and lakes and 70 cubic kilometres per day flow through underground reservoirs This supply has been constant over tens of thousands of years Only the demand has shown a steep increase over the last century Due to this increase, in India the average annual availability of water per capita has declined from 5236 cubic meters in 1951 to only

2227 cubic meters in 1991 As per estimates, this will further decline to only 1555 cubic meters by the year 2013 The population of India, which is now more than one billion, is expected to reach a figure between 1.5 billion and 1.8 billion in the year

2050 There shall then be a requirement of 2788 billion cubic metres of water annually in India to be above water stress zone and 1650 billion cubic metres to avoid being water scarce country [13]

There are hundreds, perhaps thousands of pollutants whose effects are of actual and potential concern Their numbers increase annually as new compounds and formulations are synthesized [18]

Several attempts have been made to group water pollutants into classes or categories Pollutants have been classified according to their mode of occurrence into physical, chemical and biological pollutants [22]

Table 1.1 Classification of water pollutants [22]

Occurrence Nature Examples

Physical Temperature

Turbidity Waste neat from industry

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Suspended and floating matter

Silt, sand, metal pieces, rubber, wood chpis, paper, foam, scum, carcasses, sewage

1.1.1 Causes of water pollution

Rapid industrialization is a major cause of water pollution Immediately after the independence of Vietnam, major steps were taken in our country in its stride for development in order to give its economy a big push Industrialization was then considered the most important factor that can put the country in the path of progress But to our utter surprise industrialization along with development brought with it a danger to the human civilization- the problem of environmental pollution Alongside with industrialization, population dynamics changed with a steep increase in density population and the intense development of big cities which gave

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rise to increased domestic pollution and also increased agricultural pollution as food production had to match the raising needs of the population

1.1.2 Sources of water pollution

The sources of water pollution are innumerable Major sources can be found in practically every variety of industrial, municipal and agricultural operations

Industrial waste or trade effluent includes any liquid or solid substance, which is discharged from any premises used for carrying on any industry, operation or process or treatment and disposal system other than the domestic sewage It is a common practice that a large number of industries, which are located on the banks

of rivers, discharge their effluent into the river and thus pollute the river water Industrial effluents contain, inter alia, mercury, lead, cadmium and copper etc., which are harmful to the aquatic animals

1.1.3 Effects of water pollutant

Justice V.R Krishna Iyer once remarked that, ―the unconscionable industrialisation, the unpardonable deforestation and the inhuman extermination of living species betray an exploitative brutality and anti-social appetite for profit and pleasure which is incompatible with humanism and conservationism Today a bath

in Yamuna and Ganga is a sin against bodily health, not a salvation for the soul, so polluted and noxious are these holy waters now [29]

When our population was limited, water supplies seemed endlessly renewable We could then afford to foul one water source, abandon it, and move on to another This, however, is no longer possible since the exponential growth rates of human population have already reduced the availability of water to below its per capita availability Consequently, any further expansion of human activity will depend not only on how well we are able to prevent the loss and contamination of the available water resources, but also how sustainably we use what we have Polluted water also

Besides the potential hazard contamination of surface waters can pose to human health, a more direct and significatnt problem is the hazard they pose to aquatic ecosystems, including the risks to the ecosystemic services these ecosystems play for human societies (like e.g providing food through fisheries, recreational services, providing irrigation water for agriculture,…)

We can thus say that pollution of water is a very serious issue and has grave implications for the human beings In fact, the very survival of human beings is dependent on availability of pollution free water with the passage of time, there has been a huge growth in the population levels and the same has led to industrialization, urbanisation etc thereby putting immense pressure on the available natural resources The increasing population has also results in demand for more food grains, which in turn has resulted in extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides This excessive use of pesticides, once a passage of time, along with industrialisation and urbanisation has led to increase in water pollution level We have to act and control this menace before it is too late

1.2 Overview of Status of industrial environment managementin the world and VietNam

1.2.1 On the world

"Sustainable Development" was the goal of all mankind in the 21st century as the Global Environment Conference held in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in June 1992 with

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the participation of more than 170 heads of state In order to achieve the above objectives, many countries have to apply various integrated measures, including management, technology, economy, education and training, and environmental awareness in order to limit the harmful effects caused by socio-economic activities

of people in general and of production and business in particular

The problem of environmental pollution in manufacturing facilities is addressed and resolved in most developed countries (USA, Japan, Canada, UK, Singapore, Taiwan, Korea ) and some countries are developing (Thailand, India, Malaysia ) Many technological measures have been applied to reduce pollution such as:

- Cleaner production solutions

- Waste water treatment technology: mechanical, chemical, chemical, biochemical and biological methods

- Waste gas treatment technology: dry methods (settling chamber, cyclone, sleeve filter, electrostatic filter, etc.), wet methods (absorption, oxidation reduction )

- Solid waste treatment technology: burying, cleaning, chemical, biological, reuse

In addition to technological measures, many integrated solutions are also applied to reduce pollution at production facilities such as:

- Use economic tools

- Use of coercive measures

- Use educational measures, raise environmental awareness

- Use appropriate planning measures

Use administrative measures (eg closure) or relocation of polluting facilities

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Under the "Industrial Pollution Reduction Program" implemented by the New Jersey Environmental Protection Agency in 2002, steps to reduce environmental pollution in industrial facilities include:

- Understand pollution prevention

- Establish a pollution prevention policy

- Establish a pollution prevention team

- Identify processes and sources of pollution

- Audit production process

- Find and analyze options for environmental pollution prevention

- Develop a plan to reduce environmental pollution

- Establish goals

- Action Plan Summary

- Monitoring and reporting progress

- Update data regularly

The World Health Organization (WHO) Water Pollution Control (1997) report shows that the principles that need to be taken to reduce water pollution from industrial activities include:

- Prevent waste from the production process

- Dispose of waste before discharging into the receiving water or discharging into the wastewater treatment system of the area to minimize the costs incurred

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The World Bank's industrial pollution mitigation project was implemented in India between 1994 and 2002 with the aim of supporting the implementation of the Government's policy on pollution prevention and promoting cost-effectiveness Waste matters from industrial sources The project will focus on the most polluting industries, and consists of three components: (a) policy institutions; (b) investment capital; and (c) technical assistance Institutional and policy components are designed to support the enhanced water pollution control program The investment component is designed to assist small business projects to prevent environmental pollution, with a focus on minimizing waste and applying cleaner production methods The technical support components are designed to support: (i)the establishment of a clean technology organization network; (ii)expanded services to identify waste minimization and disposal methods for small-scale industries; (iii) pre-investment research; and (iv)provide financing for training and consulting services, including training requirements for the preparation of industry environmental reports

1.2.2 In Viet Nam

In Vietnam there have been many studies on environmental protection in the Industrial Park, some case studies:

Lam Minh Triet et al (1999) developed a draft regulation on environmental

protection in the Industrial Park on the basis of evaluating the current state of

development, current status and environmental changes in industrial zones, environmental protection measures of industrial parks, environmental protection measures of factories in industrial parks in Vietnam Based on the research results

of the project, state management agencies have issued circulars on environmental protection for industrial zones

The topic of "Research on building a unified environmental management system in the Industrial Park" by the Center for Environmental Technology and Management (2004) has proposed models of environmental management systems for The

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industrial parks in Vietnam include the Eco-Industrial Zone and the Industrial Park

In addition, the project also proposed a model of environmental management system of the Industrial Park in the direction of waste treatment at 2 levels: (1) factory and (2) industrial zone Support for environmental management The Industrial Park has the tools: analysis; act; and information

Le Thi Hong Tran et al (2010) carried out initial research on ecological and health risk assessment for industrial parks in Ho Chi Minh City The study focused on the ecological risk assessment of industrial wastewater and health hazards from air pollution to workers limited in Vinh Loc Industrial Park and Tan Thoi Hiep Industrial Park Quantitative risk assessment (risk quotient) and HQ (hazard quotient) methods are used in ecological risk assessment and health In addition, the risk matrix is also used in ecological risk assessment for industrial wastewater with surface water The risk assessment results indicate which areas are high, medium and low risk of industrial wastewater for the environment and compare the risks in industrial zones with and without water treatment system concentrated waste The National Environment Report 2009 shows that the development of IZs in Vietnam is facing significant challenges in terms of environmental pollution caused

by waste, sewage and industrial emissions These challenges, if not dealt with well, could cause environmental disasters and climate change that seriously affect the lives and health of people now and in the future, destroying achievements industry

in particular and economic development and social progress in general in Vietnam

in recent years Nai river basin and Nhue-Day river has been implemented in order

to minimize environmental pollution and promote industrial development towards sustainable development in Vietnam Strengthen institutional and technical capacity and mobilize active and active participation of communities in monitoring and enforcing the law on environmental protection, especially in the industrial park environment Dong Nai and Nhue - Day rivers

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In summary, many measures have been taken to protect the environment of the Industrial Park: to build models of eco-industrial parks and environmentally friendly industrial parks; Waste treatment technologies (waste water, waste gas, waste); waste audit; cleaner production; Promulgating regulations, regulations and circulars on environmental protection in industrial parks; Apply economic tools in the management of waste sources; In general, to reduce environmental pollution

in industrial parks, a combination of various measures, including both civil and structural solutions, is required

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1.3 Overview of the geographical area around Bien Hoa Industrial Zone

1.3.1 Natural conditions in Dong Nai province

Figure 1.1 Map of Dong Nai province [8]

Dong Nai is a province in the Southeast, with 11 subordinate administrative units, total natural area of the province is 5897.75 km2 The topography of Dong Nai Province consists of plain terrain, rolling hills and low mountain terrain

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The river system of Dong Nai is rather thick The main river network in the Dong Nai river basin includes La Nga River, Be River, Sai Gon River and Vam Co River

Figure 1.2 The network of major rivers in the Dong Nai river basin [8]

Dong Nai River is influenced by the semi-diurnal regime up to two times, so salinity intrusion, especially the Thi Vai River, has a salinity of up to 28.4 ‰

1.3.2 Socio-economic impact on the environment

1.3.2.1 Economic

In the period 2011-2015, the gross domestic product (GRDP) in the province has increased by 12%/year on average, of which industry and construction have increased by 12.2%; services by 14.4%; agriculture, forestry and fishery 3.5% on a yearly average [1] Dong Nai's economy has shifted from being based mainly on agriculture and a few industries to a multi-sector economy with a key structure of industry and construction and service

The rapid and intense development of the industry lead to the problem of environmental pollution, especially the problem of untreated industrial wastewater

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discharged directly into the environmentin the Dong Nai river area It is one of the major challenges for the sustainable development of the province

1.3.2.2 Population

The population of Dong Nai Province by the end of 2015 is 2,905,850, an increase

of 265,610 persons compared to 2011 Of which, the total urban population is 1009,260 people (34.73%), the rural population is 1,896,590 people (65.27%) Thus, the urban population has increased gradually over the years from 2011 (33.68%) to 2015 (34.73%) causes include the increase of natural population and increase of population mechanics Increasing population has led to some environmental problems such as:

Overexploitation depletes natural resources, severely affecting the ecosystem

Generate large sources of pollutants that pollute environmental components such as soil, water and air The total volume of domestic wastewater in the province is about 190,000 m3/day, the volume of solid waste about 2,605 tons/day, and local pollution has been dectected in the air in the area around the industrial areas

The rise of urban population and the formation of large cities and megacities make the urban environment at risk of severe degradation The supply of clean water, houses and trees can not meet the population growth, contributing to pollution of the air environment, water environment and pressure on solid waste collection and management

1.3.2.3 Industry

The industrial production value in the province in 2015 is estimated at VND 586,105 billion (compare to2010), up 12.5% over 2014 and 1.6 times higher than the year 2011 (365.184 billion dong) The average growth rate in 2011-2015 is 12%

of year

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Figure 1.3 Comparative chart of industrial production value [8]

On the comparative price of 1994, industrial production value in the province in

2015 is estimated at 206,500 billion VND, up 13.5% over 2014 and twice as much compared to 2010 The average period of 2011-2015 is 15% (target growth of 16% per year) It is lower than the target but higher than the national average

Industrial restructuring

The state sector gradually reduced its share (from 8% in 2010 to 5% in 2015), mainly due to the equitisation of its head office and the increase in the share of foreign investment (from 80.4% in 2010 to 84.4% in 2015); The composition of non-state sector was stable (about 11%)

In the structure of industry, the value is concentrated in processing and manufacturing (over 98%) with the following industries: industrial food processing agricultural products (30%); Textile, garment and footwear (27%); Mechanical engineering, metallurgy (17%); Chemical and rubber (15%) Electricity - electronics (10%) Figure 1.4