相关理论及研究综述
相关理论基础
1.1.1 汉、越语中关于词素、词与词组概说
1.1.1.1 汉、越语中的词素
Morphemes are defined as the building blocks of words that cannot be further divided in meaning According to Wang Tongyi (2001) in the "New Modern Chinese Dictionary," morphemes serve as the fundamental units of word formation.
Các nhà ngôn ngữ học Trung Quốc như Huang Borong và Liao Xudong cho rằng, morpheme (hay còn gọi là yếu tố ngôn ngữ) là đơn vị nhỏ nhất trong ngôn ngữ kết hợp giữa âm và nghĩa Ví dụ, trong tiếng Trung hiện đại, từ "葡萄" (nho) có hai morpheme là "葡" và "萄", nhưng cả hai đều không có nghĩa độc lập và không thể tách ra thành các đơn vị nhỏ hơn Một số morpheme trong tiếng Trung và tiếng Việt có thể đứng riêng thành từ như "笔" (bút), "绿" (xanh), "看" (nhìn) trong tiếng Trung và "sách", "đi", "yêu", "đẹp" trong tiếng Việt Tuy nhiên, cũng có những morpheme không thể đứng riêng như "民", "语", "日", "族", "们" trong tiếng Trung và "lung" trong "lung lay", "nha" trong "mạch nha", "nhân" trong "nghệ nhân", "xắn" trong "xinh xắn" Dựa vào khả năng hoạt động của morpheme, chúng ta có thể phân loại chúng.
Morphemes can be categorized into three types: free morphemes, bound morphemes, and semi-free morphemes Additionally, based on their meanings, morphemes can be divided into two categories: content morphemes and function morphemes Content morphemes include words like "book," "white," "eat," and "very" in Chinese.
Trong tiếng Trung, các từ như "得", "们", "吗", "而", "或" và trong tiếng Việt như "áo", "đỏ", "chơi", "rất", "nóng" là những từ không có nghĩa cụ thể mà chỉ thể hiện ý nghĩa ngữ pháp hoặc mối quan hệ cấu trúc Những từ này có thể chỉ đơn thuần là biểu hiện một sắc thái ngữ khí nào đó.
的“nhưng”、“các”、“mà”、“nhỉ”、“nhé”等。
In both Chinese and Vietnamese, morphemes can be categorized into monosyllabic and polysyllabic types, with monosyllabic morphemes being more prevalent In modern Chinese, most monosyllabic morphemes correspond to individual Chinese characters.
1.1.1.2 汉、越语中的词
The definition of a word varies among linguists According to the "Modern Chinese Normative Dictionary" (published by Jilin University in 2001), a word is the smallest unit of language that can be used freely All words are composed of morphemes, with those formed from a single morpheme referred to as simple words and those formed from two or more morphemes classified as compound or composite words From a syllabic perspective, words can be categorized into monosyllabic and polysyllabic types, while from a semantic standpoint, they can be divided into synonyms, near-synonyms, and antonyms.
Words are a combination of sound and meaning, where sound represents the external form and meaning reflects the internal content, serving as a representation of objective reality The meaning of a word can be categorized into conceptual meaning and associative meaning Conceptual meaning refers to the significance that arises from the mental representation of objective entities, such as the term "handsome."
The term "handsome" refers to a man with an attractive appearance, while "pride" and "self-satisfaction" denote an excessive confidence that leads to a disdainful attitude towards others The concept of connotation encompasses the emotional and stylistic nuances that accompany a word, which include positive, negative, and neutral sentiments Stylistic nuances can be categorized into written, spoken, and general language For instance, both "mother" and "mom" refer to the woman who gave birth to "me," with "mother" conveying a written tone and "mom" a spoken one Similarly, "stingy" is a formal term, whereas "petty" is more colloquial, both carrying negative connotations The word "proud" is considered a positive term.
“自满”、“傲慢”都是贬义词等。
按照黄伯荣、廖序东（2003）编著的、高等教育出版社的《现代汉语》
The term "original meaning" refers to the initial significance of a word as documented in historical literature It originates from ancient times, representing the original phonetic form and written symbols of a word, supported by available textual references For instance, the word "I" originally denoted a type of weapon before it evolved to signify the first-person pronoun Thus, the original meaning encapsulates the fundamental essence of a word.
The basic meaning of a word, also known as its fundamental significance, encompasses two key aspects: first, it should represent the most commonly used and essential meaning; second, this meaning should emerge early in the sequence of meaning generation, allowing other meanings to derive from it This approach aims to create a cohesive structure for understanding the entire range of meanings associated with the word.
222 李宝嘉、唐志超（2001 ）《现代汉语规范词典》，吉林大学出版社
Words possess both original and derived meanings throughout their development According to Huang Borong and Liao Xudong in "Modern Chinese" published by Higher Education Press, the "original meaning" of a word refers to its earliest documented significance This original meaning is tied to the word's phonetic form and written representation, as evidenced by historical literature For instance, the original meaning of "寡" (guǎ) refers to a woman who has lost her husband, while its derived meaning signifies "few." An example of this is found in the sentence: "Since his partner passed away, he has been taciturn, quietly sitting in one place," where "寡言" (guǎ yán) conveys the idea of speaking very little.
The relationship between the original meaning and its extended meanings is closely intertwined, often arising from people's associative thinking Extended meanings can be categorized into two subtypes: direct and indirect extensions Direct extensions refer to meanings that are derived directly from the original meaning, while indirect extensions involve meanings that are further derived from the extended meanings.
1.1.1.3 汉、越语中的词组
Phrases, also known as short expressions or phrases, can be categorized into two main types: fixed phrases and free phrases Fixed phrases have a rigid structure, where the order and choice of words are generally unchangeable, and their meaning is often holistic, making individual word interpretation difficult Additionally, phrases can be classified based on the number of words they contain, leading to simple phrases and complex phrases Simple phrases consist of just two words combined according to a grammatical structure, while complex phrases involve multiple words with intricate structural and grammatical relationships.
Phrases can be categorized based on structure and function, resulting in two types: structural phrases and functional phrases When classifying phrases structurally, the grammatical relationship between the two words within the phrase is often considered This classification approach is similarly applicable to Vietnamese phrases.
1.1.1.4 汉越接触与越南语中的汉语借词简介
The geographical and historical factors influencing both China and Vietnam have led to significant language contact, as both languages are monosyllabic isolating languages Over years of socio-cultural and economic exchanges, the interaction between Chinese and Vietnamese has resulted in an increasing number of Chinese loanwords in the Vietnamese language, greatly impacting its development.
影响。根据 Nguyễn Tài Cẩn（阮才谨：2001）的统计 4 ，越南语词汇系统中大
相关研究综述
1.2.1 在中国的相关研究综述
Recent research on naming in China has yielded significant results, highlighting the contributions of Ma Mingchun, a pioneer in Chinese onomastics Ma has published over fifty papers, with his most valuable work on naming being released by the World Book Publishing Company.
The article discusses nine significant works by Ma Mingchun, including "Introduction to Nomenclature," "Naming of Commercial Trademarks," "The Art of Naming," and "Research on Naming Classification," which are particularly relevant to the theoretical issues addressed in this paper This study examines the linguistic characteristics of Chinese and Vietnamese tableware names, using Ma Mingchun's nomenclature theory as its foundational framework.
In their 2007 article titled "Dialectical and Practical Perspectives on Naming Theory," published in the second issue of Foreign Language Studies, Mei Deming and Gao Wencheng provide an in-depth analysis of historical causal references and their advantages and disadvantages The authors highlight the integration of naming activities with human social practices and discuss how social practices influence Chinese naming conventions.
In his 2009 article "An Analysis of Kripke's Historical Causal Naming Theory," Li Zhanglv summarizes Kripke's theoretical contributions Building on this foundation, he also presents his own insights, further enriching the discourse on naming theory.
Research on product trademark names highlights significant works such as Zhu Yajun's "Research on Trademark Naming" and Wang Junyun's "Chinese Naming Handbook." These authors approach the topic from various perspectives, including linguistics, semiotics, psychology, and consumer behavior They employ a combination of static description and dynamic analysis, as well as linguistic intuition and survey assessments, to provide a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the linguistic factors involved in trademark naming and related issues, clarifying their characteristics.
In the realm of product naming, Ma Mingchun's seminal work, "The Study of Product Trademark Naming," delves into the theoretical foundations surrounding this topic The book offers a comprehensive analysis of the essence, functions, origins, creation, classification, structure, usage, evolution, and norms of product trademark naming, establishing itself as a foundational text in the field The author defines product naming as a referential symbol assigned by producers or marketers to distinguish their goods, emphasizing its dual role in reference and differentiation, and suggesting that its structure should be explored from both phonetic and grammatical perspectives Additionally, Zhu Yajun's "Research on Trademark Naming," published by Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press in 2003, approaches the subject from various disciplines, including linguistics, cultural studies, semiotics, psychology, and consumer behavior, employing a combination of static description and dynamic analysis, alongside linguistic intuition and survey assessments.
The article provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the linguistic factors involved in trademark naming and the related issues.
In their article "Rules and Characteristics of Chinese Commodity Trademark Naming," published in the first issue of Nankai Business Review in 2002, Chen Jieg光 and Huang Yueyuan identify four key principles of Chinese trademark naming These principles include a preference for disyllabic names, a tendency for compound names structured as "modifier + noun," a final morpheme that often features a high tone, and a inclination towards positive connotations in naming.
In their 2015 publication, "Trademark Naming in China: A Linguistic Analysis of Ten Categories of Chinese Product Trademarks," the researchers analyzed the linguistic structures of trademarks across ten product categories They identified three key characteristics of alcoholic beverage trademarks: over 40% incorporate geographic names, a preference for terms related to water such as springs, rivers, streams, and lakes, and a rich resonance of Chinese cultural elements.
苏一凡（2006）在《太原师范学院学报(社会科学版)》第五期上发表的
The article "Semantic Analysis of Trademark Names" examines the semantics of trademark names through the lens of seven categories of meaning in semantics The author analyzes and clarifies the distinctive features of trademark names, highlighting their significance in branding and consumer perception.
In "The Chinese Naming Handbook," edited by Wang Junyun and published by China Overseas Chinese Publishing House in 2013, the author systematically analyzes the origins and development of names, as well as the standards, techniques, methods, and taboos associated with naming The book delves into the naming habits, renaming practices, and principles related to the twelve zodiac signs Additionally, it explores the secrets behind naming companies and products in China This research offers valuable insights from a linguistic perspective on product naming, which is beneficial for our paper.
Research on tableware has primarily focused on design and cultural significance, with limited attention given to the linguistic characteristics of tableware naming A notable exception is the master's thesis by Jiang Jiazhi (2010) from East China University of Science and Technology, titled "A Study on the Language of Ceramic Tableware Design in the Context of Post-Industrialization." This work not only examines the design features but also provides an initial exploration of the linguistic aspects associated with tableware.
The research findings presented in the aforementioned books and articles, while not exclusively focused on tableware or the terminology associated with it, contribute valuable insights that enhance our understanding of the linguistic characteristics related to tableware.
This study holds significant reference value, as it draws inspiration from previous research on the linguistic characteristics and cultural connotations of tableware names.
1.2.2 在越南的相关研究综述
Nghiên cứu về ngôn ngữ học, đặc biệt là lĩnh vực danh pháp, đang ngày càng được chú trọng tại Việt Nam Nhiều sinh viên sau đại học và nghiên cứu sinh đã chọn nghiên cứu các đặc điểm danh pháp và thuật ngữ từ góc độ ngôn ngữ và văn hóa Chẳng hạn, luận án tiến sĩ của Nguyễn Ngọc Hoàng (2016) về thuật ngữ chuyên ngành công an trong tiếng Trung và bản dịch sang tiếng Việt đã thành công trong việc bảo vệ Ngoài ra, luận án tiến sĩ của Nguyễn Thanh Hương (2017) về nghiên cứu so sánh thuật ngữ âm nhạc Việt - Anh cũng đã được bảo vệ thành công.
