Objectifs de la recherche
This research aims to explore the role of cultural knowledge in the translation practices of third and fourth-year students in the Department of French Language and Civilization The findings of this study will provide a foundation for recommendations to enhance the translation skills of these students.
Questions et hypothèses de recherche
Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous essayons de trouver les réponses à ces questions suivantes :
- Comment les éléments culturels influencent-ils sur la qualité des traductions chez les étudiants ?
- Les étudiants mobilisent-ils assez d‟éléments culturels lors de la traduction ? Ces questions nous permettent d‟élaborer les hypothèses suivantes :
- Les éléments culturels jouent un rôle indispensable dans la compréhension des textes à traduire Donc, ils peuvent faciliter la compréhension ou au contraire la bloquer chez les étudiants
- La mobilisation des connaissances culturelles dans la compréhension est insuffisante.
Méthodologie de recherche
In this research, we will employ a qualitative method, which aids in formulating effective questions and identifying sound hypotheses Throughout the study, particularly in data collection and analysis, various other methods will be utilized, including descriptive, synthetic, and analytical approaches A detailed explanation of the methods used will be provided in the second chapter of this research.
Corpus
Our study focuses on a collection of translations completed by students from the Department of French Language and Civilization, driven by both subjective and objective reasons.
En premier lieu, le fait que je suis professeur de franỗais au Dộpartement facilite la recherche en la matière
Secondly, translation and interpretation have long been one of the two main fields within the Department of French Language and Civilization This body of work will enable the current study to propose practical and directly applicable pedagogical suggestions for teaching and learning the professions of interpretation and translation.
Les problèmes théoriques
Traduire, c’est …
1.1.1 La traduction telle qu'elle est définie par différents auteurs
1.1.2 La traduction telle qu'elle est conỗue par les auteurs de la Thộorie du sens
1.1.2.1.Les trois niveaux de la traduction
1.1.3.1 Incomplétude et appréhension du sens
1.1.3.2 Incomplétude et expression du sens
Une bonne traduction
1.2.2.3 Identité du contenu, équivalence de la forme
1.3.2 Rôle de l‟implicite et de l‟explicite dans la communication en général et dans la traduction en particulière
1.3.3 Rôle du bagage cognitif dans la compréhension des implicites dans les énoncés et dans le choix des moyens de réexpression
Comment les étudiants du Département de Langue et Civilisation Franỗaises traduisent-ils ?
Que faire pour améliorer la qualité de la traduction des étudiants
Intensification des activités de recherche documentaire
The first chapter aims to clarify theoretical issues that are crucial for the collection and analysis of the corpus presented Building on this foundation, we will explore the relationship between cognitive background and translation among students in the French Department of Language and Civilization While we do not intend to provide an exhaustive overview of theoretical elements, we will categorize them from the most basic to the most complex This chapter is divided into three sections: the first discusses definitions of translation from various schools of thought, the second focuses on the criteria for effective translation, and the final section delves into the cognitive background that is central to our study.
Translation has a rich and extensive history that reflects various trends within the field Numerous definitions and perspectives on translation continue to enhance humanity's understanding of the subject This section aims to present several definitions of translation from different authors and clarify the relationship between translation and linguistics.
1.1.1 La traduction telle qu'elle est définie par différents auteurs
Translation has a rich history that warrants detailed study for true understanding While this exploration may not cover the entire scope, grasping the evolution of translation is valuable This history can be divided into two main periods: the first spans from its inception to the end of the 19th century, and the second extends from the early 20th century to the present day.
Selon les experts, la traduction a vu le jour avec les oeuvres de Cicéron (en latin Marcus
Tullius Cicéro, 106 av J.-C- 43 av J.-C) et de Horace (en latin Quintus Horatius Flaccus,
In 65 BC, Cicero translated the speeches delivered by Aeschines and Demosthenes during the crown case in his work "De optimo genere oratorum" (On the Ideal Orators), reflecting his perspective on the art of translation.
In translating the eloquent speeches of the renowned orators Aeschines and Demosthenes, I aimed to preserve their essence and stylistic forms rather than merely acting as a translator I adapted their ideas and expressions to fit our contemporary language, ensuring that I maintained the strength of their words without a strict word-for-word translation My intention was not to list every element for the reader but to present a coherent and engaging interpretation.
I have translated the two most eloquent Attic orators, Aeschines and Demosthenes, focusing on their most famous speeches that complement each other My approach was not merely as an interpreter but as an orator, maintaining the original presentation of ideas and figures while adapting the language to suit our own Rather than translating word for word, I preserved the essence of the expressions and their significance I believed it was more important to convey the weight of the content rather than the exact number of words to the reader.
Horace shares a similar perspective on matter, viewing translation not as a mere word-for-word transcription but as a transfer of the author's intended meaning.
Saint Jerome (347-420) emphasized a thoughtful approach to translation in his renowned Bible version, the Vulgate, where he translated from Greek to Latin He openly admitted, "I do not seek to render word for word; I have primarily focused on conveying the thoughts." This highlights his commitment to preserving the essence of the original text rather than a literal translation.
In summary, it is important to note that the adoption of interpretative translation, which focuses on units of meaning, is not a recent development While it has been present since the early days of translation, it has gained significant recognition in modern times.
John Wycliffe, a scholar from Oxford, asserted that the Bible represented God's law, which superseded all other laws However, the Bible was available only in Latin, while the court and nobility spoke French, and the common people communicated in a new language called English To bridge this gap, Wycliffe, with the assistance of Nicholas de Hereford, translated the Bible into English based on the Vulgate.
In 1384, the year of his death, John Wycliffe became the first to translate the Bible from Latin into English, sparking a wave of Bible translation movements He believed this monumental task could be divided into four key stages.
1 Rassembler les vieilles Bibles et autres documents permettant d‟établir une source authentique de textes latins (On peut faire remarquer ici que le latin auquel il se réfère n‟est pas non plus la langue d‟origine de la Bible Sa traduction s‟est faite à partir d‟une traduction)
3 Consulter les grammairiens et autres hommes de culte pour les interprétations complexes
4 Faire les traductions de la Bible de faỗon intelligible et le plus comprộhensible possible et les soumettre ensuite à un groupe de collaborateurs pour être corrigées [14:23]
Building on Wycliffe's work, John Purvey, a disciple of Wycliffe, strongly emphasized that translation is not merely a word-for-word conversion but an interpretation of the meaning conveyed by the author This approach aims to create a translation that is clear and easily understood by speakers of the target language.
The reflections on translation outlined above serve as foundational elements for developing a comprehensive translation theory This discipline owes its theoretical framework to Étienne Dolet (1509-1546), whose work, "La manière de bien traduire d'une langue en une autre," established the initial principles of translation theory In his book, Dolet highlighted five fundamental rules that must be adhered to in the translation process.
The translator's understanding of the author's material is crucial, as it ensures clarity in the translation If the original text is complex, a skilled translator can render it accessible and fully comprehensible.
