BME 3 REPORT measurement and transmission of data from the vital parameters circuit to mysql

SpO2, BPM Data Table Figure 13 Temperature Data Table Figure 14 000WebHost Figure 15.. Based on the technology and techniques available on a modern ‘patient monitor ‘along with the senso

HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ELECTRONIC AND TELECOMUNICATION

*****  *****

BME 3 REPORT Measurement and transmission of data from the Vital

Parameters Circuit to MySql

Instructor : PhD Nguyen Thu Van

Student: Pham Long Hoang 20182950

Pham Viet Hoang 20182952

Tran Tri Duc 20182945

Class: ET -E5

Ha Noi, 1/2022

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……… 1

ABSTRACT……….2

Chapter I Introduction……… 3

1.1 Problem analysis 3

1.2.Human survival parameters 4

1.2.1 Temperature 4

1.2.2 Heart rate 5

1.2.3 Blood Oxygen Saturation SpO2 6

Chapter 2 Circuit design……… 7

2.1 Objectives 7

2.2 Functional requirements 7

2.3 Non-functional requirements 7

2.4 Block Design 8

2.5 Sensor selection 9

2.5.1.Temperature sensor DS18B20 9

2.5.2 Heart rate and SpO2 sensor MAX30100 11

2.5.3 Arduino Uno 15

2.6 Data tranmission block 17

2.7 Tasks of the control program 22

Chapter 3 Database And Web Design………24

3.1 Database Selection 24

3.1.1 Overview of MySQL 24

3.1.2 MySQL's Advantages 25

3.2 Database design 26

3.3 Website Design 27

3.3.1 Website's Requirements 27

3.3.2 Domain name 27

Chapter 4 Programming languages and development environments……… 30

4.1 Measure and upload data to Web Server 30

4.1.1 Programing languages 30

4.1.2 Development environments 30

4.2 Data input into MySQL and display on the Webscreen 32

4.2.1 Programing languages 32

4.2.2 Development environments 33

Chapter 5 Result and Discussions………36

5.1 Simulation Circuit Diagram 36

5.2 Evaluation of the accuracy of the vital measuring circuit 36

5.2.1 Systematic error 36

5.3 Discussions and future plan 41

CONCLUSION……… 43

REFERENCES……… 44

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Temperature sensor DS18B20

Figure 2 MAX30100 sensor

Figure 3 Block diagram of Max30100 sensor

Figure 4 Image illustrates how I2C communication works

Figure 5 Arduino Uno Pinout

Figure 6. ESP32 Pinout16

Figure 7 Microprocessor block principle circuit diagram17

Figure 8 Algorithm diagram of control program19

Figure 9 Diagram of communication block principle

Figure 10 Functional diagram of the control program

Figure 11. Rankings of databases

Figure 12 SpO2, BPM Data Table

Figure 13 Temperature Data Table

Figure 14 000WebHost

Figure 15. Register website's domain name

Figure 16. Web's original interface

Figure 17. Arduino IDE’s main interface

Figure 18. Code to measure data with Arduino Uno

Figure 19. Code to upload data with ESP 32

Figure 20. Website Manager

Figure 21. Code to upload data to MySQL

Figure 22. Code to display data to Webscreen

Figure 23. Webscreen

Figure 24. Simulation Circuit Diagram

Figure 25. Result of temperature measurement with mercury thermometer and DS18B20

Figure 26. SpO2 and heart rate measurement results using Lk87 and Max30100

First of all, we would like to extend special thanks to Ms Nguyen Thu Van, who gave us all the guidance and insightful advice that we could complete this project

In the era of technology 4.0 along with the continuous development of technology in digital health, a device used to monitor the patient's vital health parameters is absolutely necessary and widely used in hospitals around the world

Based on the technology and techniques available on a modern ‘patient monitor

‘along with the sensors available to measure the body index, we have designed a mini ‘parameter measuring device’ capable of transmitting measured data to the database and store the data to facilitate the lookup and assessment of the patient's health status This device is also very useful for F0 patients to help them monitor body parameters during treatment, helping patients and doctors to grasp the situation and be more active to control the patient's health.

The idea for this product is not new However, with changes, improvements in design and operation mechanism; we hope our products will be well received and supported by you In particular, we are extremely grateful to receive your comments and suggestions so that our team can overcome the limitations and improve this product Once again, we would like to thank you all.

Human vital parameters are biological parameters of person that need to be measured, stored and monitored regularly, especially in case of patients who need continuous monitoring such as those in emergency or resuscitation Moreover, the tracking and storage of this data needs to be easily accessible and must be managed correctly Recently, Electronic medical records have become an inevitable trend of development that provides a medium for real-time storage and access of such data The purpose of the research is to build a method and system that can connect and transmit data from the vital parameters measurement circuit to the electronic medical record First, the vital parameter circuit is designed and built Then, the biological signals, including heart rate, SPO2, temperature, etc… are encoded and stored on MySQL Next, the data is displayed on a designed web

in order The results obtained from the research have many directions for development, such as integrating with a patient monitoring company to bring vital parameters to electronic medical records, which can be incorporated into electronic medical records of hospitals and building a database and transmitting patient vital parameters data, which can become an information system for monitoring and managing vital parameters of patients with infectious diseases such as COVID- 19…

Chapter I Introduction

1.1 Problem analysis

Vital parameters are an important factor in monitoring the progression of patients ofall ages during hospital stay, as they allow rapid detection of disease progression Vitalparameters are measured and help doctors make basic assessments of the patient's healthstatus

The most common measurement method performed in the hospital is the traditionalmeasurement of vital parameters, the most basic parameters include temperature, pulserate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and respiratory rate Tracking,storing and managing these data and putting them in the patient's medical record helpsmedical staff have sufficient data from which they can make timely and continuousclinical indications has great significance

Conventionally, those parameters are manually input into paper-based medicalrecords or computer-based medical records by medical staff, given the fact thatautomatic transfer of data from devices such as bedside monitors to the databasesystem is not yet a common practice at medical centres and hospitals worldwide.However, the advantages of automatic data transfer from monitoring devices to adatabase is undeniable, as it helps to reduce errors in the manual inputing processand provides a real-time storing and retrieving system that can be accessed fromany location at any time

Ideally, our study should have aimed at transfering data from bedside monitors andother monitoring devices to a database However, due to time and resource constraintspartly subjectively and partly caused by the pandemic, we did not have the opportunity towork on bedside monitors or any other monitoring devices that are widely used athospitals Therefore, our study aimed at designing and fabricating a circuit to monitorvital signs such as heart rate and SpO2,… which are then automatically transferred to adatabase Mysql

Purpose of measuring vital parameters:

- Periodic health check

- Diagnostic

- Monitor disease status and disease progression

- Follow up the results of treatment and care

1.2.Human survival parameters

Vital parameters (life signs) include: temperature, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation SpO2, heart rate,… are signs indicating the functioning of organs, reflecting the physiological function of the body

1.2.1 Temperature

Body temperature is the body temperature Body temperature is kept constant

by thermoregulation, which ensures a balance between heat production and heat loss

The core body temperature is the temperature in the deep tissues Central body temperature is the purpose of thermoregulatory activity, little change with ambient temperature and always kept constant 36 ºC - 37.5 ºC to ensure optimal conditions for biochemical reactions Temperatures measured rectally, in the mouth, and in the armpits are considered to reflect the core temperature The temperature measured rectally was the most stable (this temperature measured at baseline was 36.3 ºC - 37.1 ºC) Although less accurate, measuring body

temperature in the armpit and mouth is used more because of its simplicity and convenience

Peripheral body temperature is the temperature measured in the skin and extremities This temperature is lower than the core zone temperature, subject to many influences of the environment (air temperature, humidity, wind, temperature

of surrounding objects ) and varies according to the measurement location, the more open the place, the better The lower the temperature, the lower the

temperature in contact with cold objects

1.2.2 Heart rate

The standard heart rate can vary from person to person, depending on age, physical fitness, gender For people 18 years of age and older, a normal resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute Usually, the healthier the

person, the lower the heart rate

Table 1 Heart rate standards

Children from 1 to 12 months 80 – 140

Children from 2 to 6 years

If there is a cause or effect that causes the heart rate to become irregular, such as a fastheart rate (more than 100 beats per minute), a slow heart rate (less than 60 beats perminute), or a fast or slow heartbeat, Evenif there is a heartbeat but no pulse, it is called anarrhythmia

1.2.3 Blood Oxygen Saturation SpO2

Blood oxygen saturation, also known as SpO2, represents the ratio of oxygenatedhemoglobin to total hemoglobin in the blood If all the hemoglobin molecules in theblood carry oxygen, then the oxygen saturation is 100%

SpO2 index is considered one of the important vital parameters of the body, besidessigns such as temperature, pulse, breathing rate and blood pressure When there is a lack

of oxygen in the blood, organs such as the heart, liver, and brain will be negativelyaffected very quickly Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the SpO2 index regularly topromptly intervene if a dangerous situation occurs

-The amount of dissolved oxygen in the blood is between 97% - 99%: good oxygen inthe blood

-Dissolved oxygen in the blood is between 94% and 96%: moderate blood oxygen –need to give extra oxygen

-The dissolved oxygen in the blood is between 90% - 93%: low blood oxygen thatshould be monitored by a nurse or doctor or go to the nearest hospital

-SpO2 is below 92% without oxygen or below 95% with oxygen: these are signs ofvery severe respiratory failure

-An oxygen saturation lower than 90% is a clinical emergency

1.3 Overview about the system

Chapter 2 Circuit design

2.1 Objectives

The objective of the report is to design a circuit that measures 3 vital

parameters including: heart rate, SpO2, body temperature These parameters will

be sent to the database in real time

Therefore, basically, the measuring device will consist of the following parts:

• Sensors, signal processing: temperature sensor, SpO2 sensor, heart rate, data processing and transmission to the data transmitter;

• Controller: controls the operation of the sensors when there is a command from the administrator;

• Transmitter receive data: send measured data to the software

2.2 Functional requirements

- Can measure vital indicators such as: heart rate, SpO2, temperature

- Can send parameters to the database

- Can communicate with computer through COM port with low source energy

- Display data on web screen

2.3 Non-functional requirements

- Fast measurement time, easy measurement

- Works well at room temperature

- Low design cost

The measuring circuit includes the following functional blocks:

• Data measurement block: has the function of measuring body parameters through sensors and then sending signals to the Arduino microcontroller

• Data tranmission block : signals sended to ESP32

- Data transfer with Heart Rate, SpO2 and temperature to software via communication block

• Storage and display data block

2.5.1.Temperature sensor DS18B20

The DS18B20 temperature sensor is widely used in industry to monitor the temperature variation on the surface; is a digital sensor that follows the 1-wire protocol and can measure temperatures from -55 oC to +125 oC (-67 oF to +257 oF) with ±5% accuracy Although it is a commonly used sensor in industry, in thisstudy it can be used to replace high-precision sensors that are not suitable for research The DS18B20 sensor is shown in Fig1

The DS18B20 sensor has the following characteristics:

- Principle of direct conversion from temperature to numeric value

- Change the number of bits according to the change of temperature

- There are 3 pins including PIN #1 VCC +%Voltage, PIN#2 is data pin, PIN#3 is ground pin

Figure 2 Temperature sensor DS18B20

Sensor specifications

• Power: 3 – 5.5V

• Temperature range: -55 to 125 degrees Celsius (-67 to 257 degrees Fahrenheit)

• Error: +- 0.5 oC when measuring in the range -10 – 85 oC

• Resolution: user selectable from 9 – 12 bits

• Communication standard: 1-Wire (1 wire)

• There is a heat warning when the threshold is exceeded and power is supplied from the data pin

• Maximum temperature conversion time: 750 ms (when 12bit resolution is selected)

• Each IC has its own code (stored on the IC's EEPROM), so it is possible to

communicate with multiple DS18B20s on the same wire

• Stainless steel tube (moisture-proof, water-proof) 6mm in diameter, 50mm in length

• Probe diameter: 6mm

• Wire length: 1m

With the above structure, the data pin of the sensor can be directly connected to the microcontroller

2.5.2 Heart rate and SpO2 sensor MAX30100

Heart rate sensor and SpO2 MAX30100 integrated 16-bit sigma delta ADC and low-noise analog signal processor for highly accurate and stable sensor

operation At the same time, it has a compact design that can be used as a wearabledevice and is easy to interface with MCUs

Light is emitted from the LED, hits the hand and then is reflected back The rays reflected back from the skin depend not only on the absorption spectrum of the blood but also on the structure and pigmentation of the skin

Saturated oxygen concentration is measured by analyzing the red light and infrared light signals through pulses The light is picked up by the photodiode afterbeing scattered back from the skin surface The photodiode absorbs light and passes it through an ADC converter, converting an analog signal to a digital

signal The light from the LED entering the cell is scattered due to the movement

of the red blood cells and the cell does not move Part of this scattered light

reaches the photodiode which is calculated by the meter and gives the SpO2 value

Figure 3 MAX30100 sensor

The two LEDs absorb red light and infrared light with two wavelengths of

650 nm and 950 nm, respectively A photodiode absorbs and synthesizes lightfrom two leds, converting the light energy into an electric current Then passthrough the ADC to convert the analog signal to the digital signal The signalprocessor has a built-in temperature sensor to compensate for changes in bloodoxygen when the ambient temperature changes Then through a cascade amplifierwith filter to remove 50/60Hz noise and background noise

After filtering and amplifying, we race it through the ADC block to read the signal through the I2C line The ADC has a resolution of 16bit, so the output data rate is programmable from 50Hz to 1000Hz.We can measure heart rate by

analyzing the time series response of reflected infrared and red light The LED Drivers block allows us to choose between two modes of measuring SpO2 and heart rate

Figure 4 Block diagram of Max30100 sensor

SCL, SDA, INT pins are the signal pins of the Max30100 sensor, these 3pins are connected to the pins of the microprocessor through resistors.

The interface between sensor and microprocessor is I2C interface I2Ccombines the best features of SPI and UART With I2C, it is possible to connectmultiple slaves to a single master (like SPI), there can be multiple masterscontrolling one or more slaves

Like UART communication, I2C only uses two wires to transfer databetween devices: SDA (Serial Data) - transmission line for master and slave tosend and receive data SCL (Serial Clock) - the line that carries the clock signal.I2C is a serial communication protocol, so data is transmitted bit by bit along asingle line (SDA line) Like SPI, I2C is synchronous, so the output of the bits issynchronized with the sampling of the bits by a clock signal shared between themaster and the slave The clock signal is always controlled by the master

With I2C, data is transmitted in messages The message is divided into dataframes Each message has an address frame containing the binary address of theslave address and one or more data frames containing the data being transmitted.The message also includes start and stop conditions, read/write bits, andACK/NACK bits between each data frame

Start-up condition: The SDA line goes from high voltage to low voltagebefore the SCL line goes from high to low

Stop condition: The SDA line changes from low voltage to high voltage levelafter the SCL line turns from low to high

Address Frame: A string of 7 or 10 bits unique to each slave to identify theslave when the master wants to communicate with it

Read/Write Bit: A unique bit that specifies whether the master is sendingdata to the slave (low voltage level) or requesting data from it (high voltage level).

ACK/NACK bit: Each frame in a message is followed by an

acknowledge/non-acknowledge bit If an address or data frame is successfully received, an ACK bit is returned to the sending device from the receiving device

Figure 5 Image illustrates how I2C communication works

2.5.3 Arduino Uno

Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P It has

14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analoginputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSPheader and a reset button It contains everything needed to support themicrocontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power itwith a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started You can tinker with your UNOwithout worrying too much about doing something wrong, worst case scenarioyou can replace the chip for a few dollars and start over again

In this project, we use Arduino Uno and the above sensors to measure thevitals of the body Also connect Arduino Uno to the control block to process thereceived data

Figure 6 Arduino Uno Pinout

Arduino Uno has the following specifications:

 Power On Reset (POR)

 Brown Out Detection (BOD)

Peripherals

 2x 8-bit Timer/Counter with a dedicated period register and compare channels1x 16-bit Timer/Counter with a dedicated period register, input capture andcompare channels

 1x USART with fractional baud rate generator and start-of-frame detection

 1x controller/peripheral Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)

 1x Dual mode controller/peripheral I2C

 1x Analog Comparator (AC) with a scalable reference input

 Watchdog Timer with separate on-chip oscillator

 Six PWM channels

 Interrupt and wake-up on pin change

ATMega16U2 Processor

 8-bit AVR® RISC-based microcontroller

 Memory 16 KB ISP Flash

The microprocessor used in the circuit is responsible for receiving signals from Arduino and send it to the web server.And then we can storage and display the data To serve research as well as future topic development, ESP32 processor was selected (Figure 6) The purpose is to be able to connect to the software on thecomputer in the future via Wifi.

Figure 7 ESP32 Pinout

ESP32 is a powerful microcontroller from Espressif Systems, which can beeasily programmed with many different languages such as Lua, Python, C/C++,etc ESP32 is a powerful and versatile MCU module widely used in WifiBluetooth and BLE PCB circuit designs Products are widely applied in topicsrelated to IoT today

ESP has 1 core called ESP32-D0WDQ6 chip The embedded chip isdesigned to be highly scalable and customizable The ESP32 design has 2independent CPU cores that can be easily controlled The clock frequency can beeasily adjusted from 80MHZ up to 240MHZ During use, the programmer can turn

off the CPU to be able to use the device in low power mode Thereby monitoringthe change and threshold crossing ESP32 is integrated with various peripheralinteractors such as: Hall sensor, capacitive sensor, SD card, high speed SPI, I2S,I2C or high speed SPI

ESP 32 has the following specifications:

CPU and Memory

 Xtensa® Dual-Core 32-bit LX6 microprocessors, up to 600 DMIPS

Clocks and Timers

 Internal 8 MHz oscillator with calibration

 Internal RC oscillator with calibration

 External 2 MHz to 40 MHz crystal oscillator

 External 32 kHz crystal oscillator for RTC with calibration

 Two timer groups, including 2 x 64-bit timers and 1 x main watchdog in eachgroup

 RTC timer with sub-second accuracy

 RTC watchdog

Peripheral

 12-bit SAR ADC up to 18 channels

 2 × 8-bit D/A converters