Individual essay nguyễn huỳnh phương lan AEn T321WSB 6 21000384 1

SCHOOL OF Western Sydney UniversityASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET STUDENT DETAILS Student name: Nguyễn Huỳnh Phương Lan Student ID number: 21000384 UNIT AND TUTORIAL DETAILS Unit Tutorial grou

SCHOOL OF Western Sydney University

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name: Nguyễn Huỳnh Phương Lan Student ID number: 21000384

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Title: Individual Essay Assignment

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INDIVIDUAL ESSAY

THE EVOLUTION OF E-COMMERCE:

BEFORE AND AFTER COVID-19

by Nguyễn Huỳnh Phương Lan

AEn-T321WSB-6

Mr Gabriel C Ryan

Western Sydney University

Hồ Chí Minh City

02/01/2022

Exposing to alternative technological advancements in transmission, operation, and maintenance, a broad range of possibilities were precisely accounted for with the growth of the Internet beginning in the 1990s (Santos et al, 2017) Acknowledging the potential, some businesses worldwide began to utilize online network platforms to communicate with their customers - initially, to disseminate products’ details, then to receive orders, and finally to distribute merchandises and services - up to the open arrival of e-commerce, which would cover even receipt and reverse logistics Manzoor (2010, p.2) had once stated that e-commerce is the term for applying electronic devices and technological improvements to supervise merchandise Henceforth, electronic commerce has widely spread all over the world and has become an indispensable utility Thereby, following the worldwide epidemic of Covid-19, which forced the majority of the world's population into lockdowns and quarantines, e-commerce (EC) was claimed to have peaked with numerous advantages This present article aims to outline a brief history of the beginning and evolution of electronic commerce, also highlight the significance elevation post-Covid-19 and the reasons for this evaluation

To begin with, several scholars and stakeholders in the area have investigated and monitored the evolution of e-commerce Given the advances in information technology,

particularly with the emergence of the Internet, a wide variety of possibilities were perceived beginning in the 1990s, with a noted emphasis on communication

E-commerce was believed to have its first phase in the 1970s when private correspondence networks were exclusively operated by major enterprises to conduct financial transactions and document exchanges electronically via electronic fund transfer systems (Galinari et al., 2015) (Albertin, 2012) believed that the evolution of EC could possibly be classified into four periods Organizations employed the Internet's features for information dissemination about their products and services in Phase One, which was the catalyst for the creation of EC The article also claimed that Phase Two consisted of accepting orders and giving information and instructions on how to use their products and services During this age, logistics began to have an influence on businesses According to the same author, phase three of the evolution was the use of information technology (IT) to distribute products and services Some products, including music and software, began to be sold digitally during this time Finally, the

EC consolation phase begins with the interaction between the seller and the client, which is no longer limited to data transmission or product and service distribution Given the capabilities of

EC, such engagement enabled the ordinary internet user to become a prospective customer with the advancement of IT and widespread usage of the Internet That instrument ushered in a

genuine revolution in how products, services, and information are sold, providing more convenience and a wider range of offers and possibilities for consumers, as well as sellers who participate in the market

It is natural for businesses to experience structural changes, and globalization has contributed to this strong tendency Globalization has resulted in the rise of more contemporary styles of firm management as a result of increased competitiveness, the need to provide innovation, and rising customer expectations According to (Santos et al, 2017), in recent years, advances in broadband Internet connectivity have proven critical for the growth of EC Since

2012, when 3G and 4G technologies were introduced in Brazil, mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs have had access to high-speed Internet Such technology makes it easier for customers to compare prices in different areas Some customers utilize that resource even while they are in physical locations, where they may interact with the goods and pick the purchasing channel of sales that best suits their needs

The evolution of EC corresponds to the stages of digital environment evolution – an evolution that must be understood and ensured via the issues that must be considered when

utilizing the EC – with the goal of ensuring the usage of its contributions As a result, the progress of EC influences the development of information technology The implementation of

EC phases in business operations is another dimension that completes the analysis of EC phases (Albertin, 2000) Electronic commerce, far from being a fad, became a reality in this way Modern businesses strive to adapt their structures to meet the needs of new customers, who are more concerned with comfort Therefore, using new technology to achieve this goal is a typical method

At present, coronavirus has drastically transformed global trends A rapid change has occurred in every business It has altered humans’ behaviours, the nature of trading, business and even the way of life It fostered fear among people, causing them to avoid interacting with others and leading to the decline in the global economy Regardless, the fact that it has provided a significant boost to the growth of the electric industry, and e-commerce in specific, is beyond doubt According to (Bhatti et al, 2020), Walmart grocery e-commerce had increased by 74% in

2020 Likewise, although e-commerce in Pakistan had had a poor start in the 2000s with only 3%

of the whole population purchasing their supplies online, it is reported that the number had enlarged by 10% in the daily record and 15% rise in internet users

On the contrary, isolation tactics and recommendations, according to (Pantelimon, 2020), have severely reduced client spending in physical businesses, e.g jewelry, retail healthcare, luxury goods, and tourism (Salem&Nor, 2020) discovered that there was a plunge in restaurants, groceries and brick and mortar retailers sales a few weeks after the Covid-19 outbreak in the U.S

As a result, customers shifted their purchases from physical establishments to e-commerce A survey carried out by (Pantelimon, 2020) on 10,000 people worldwide reported that more than half of respondents in Vietnam, China, and India do online purchases more frequently than before, followed by Italy with one-third of respondents However, the report also found that a high level of e-commerce already existing in Germany, France, Canada, Australia, the U.K and Japan might be the cause for less than 20% of respondents expecting changes in their online buying habits

Moreover, online-based meeting rooms and apps had also gained popularity and highly-grown profit In 2020, as companies and organizations signed up for the video conferencing app such as Zoom, an online meeting platform, in order to accomplish remote-working during the pandemic, revenue surged more than 350% in the second quarter, and profits rocketed by nearly

10 times as much (He, 2020) Furthermore, the California-based video communication service

provider posted a net profit of $185.7 million for the quarter ended July 31st, 2020, up about 3,300% compared to the previous year The quarter's revenue was $663.5 million, up 355%

In addition to the trading and services businesses affected are sporting events that are now being played behind closed doors; out of view of the teeming spectators (Salem&Nor, 2020) Notwithstanding, electric commerce has seen another advantage since the Saudi Arabian spectators have been restricted to watching these games on televisions and live streaming via online networks The same case was also applied to concerts, shows, events, and festivals However, their profit somehow was on another level According to (Dong, 2020), K-pop idols’ virtual concerts have become a multi-million dollar occupation BTS, a K-pop boy band, had earned 18 million U.S dollars from 750,000 paid viewers worldwide without any transportation and physical stadium stage fees charged

Due to the social-distancing limitations that prompted the production of sufficient equipment to suit living and leisure demands, it is clear that e-commerce has gained enormously

as a natural outcome of the Covid-19 situation As a result, future projections on the severe

expansion of EC, including the widespread use of remote-working a.k.a online-based enterprises communicating networks, and the dominance of A.I., are indisputable

In conclusion, this essay provides a brief summary of the beginning and growth of electronic commerce dating back to the 19th century Presently, it also highlights the post-Covid-19’s elevation relevance and the possible basis behind this assessment Indeed, alongside a sky-rocket technological device and feasibilities’ extension, the development of e-commerce is inevitable, with the Covid-19 situation delivering an accelerating boost As can be seen, current social-distancing restrictions have been seen as the main cause for this elaboration Thereupon, the increase in the competitive nature of e-commerce will continue to push traditional stores towards digital adjustments

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