(SKKN 2022) application of debating technique in developing english speaking skill for secondary students at fansipan primary secondary school

The effectiveness of applying the “Debating technique” in English speaking lessons for 7th grade students at Fansipan Primary & Secondary School ………... The results and proofs obtained wh

Table of Contents

1 Reason for choosing the solution

2 Contents of solution

2.1 Theoretical basis

2.1.1 The concept and benefits of

2.1.2 Concepts, characteristics and requirements of

2.2.1 Situation of the problem before taking techniques

2.2.2 Solution used to solve the problem

2.2.2.1 Steps to take when using “Debating” in English

2.2.2.2 Some illustrative examples

2.2.2.3 The progress of the speaking lesson using the

2.3 The effectiveness of applying the “Debating technique” in English speaking lessons for 7th grade students at Fansipan Primary & Secondary School

………

10

2.4 The results and proofs obtained when applying the

“Debating teachinque” in English speaking lessons for 7th grade students at Fansipan Primary & Secondary School

………

11

3 Conclusions and recommendations

3.1 Conclude

3.2 Recommendations

REFERENCES

The presentation presents the results of research on applying Debating technique in teaching - learning English speaking skill; testing the steps and at the same time proving the effectiveness of the application of the above techniques in the process of teaching and learning English speaking skill for secondary students at Fansipan primary & secondary school

1 Reason for choosing the solution

Teaching English in a communicative, learner-centered way and promoting learners' capabilities has been very popular in all countries around the world In Vietnam this approach has been applied to develop language skills, especially English speaking skill These skills need to be focused on developing right from the start of learning Fansipan Secondary School also follows this direction, with the aim of comprehensively developing 4 language skills for students, especially speaking skill

Speaking skill is one of the four skills that any English teacher pays special attention to and worries about Speaking is also one of the four skills that learners consider difficult Speaking skill must be practiced regularly in the classroom as well as outside the classroom Teaching speaking skill requires teachers to explore and research, apply appropriate methods, measures and tricks or offer appropriate forms of speaking practice to develop and improve speaking ability so that students can absorb and express their own thoughts and opinions in English fluently

Unlike reading, writing and listening skills, speaking skill requires actual contact with the listener As an English teacher, from a practical perspective as well as experience in teaching, I personally find that most learners always feel awkward in expressing themselves in foreign languages, for fear of making mistakes or being criticized judgmental and “shy,” or simply because they are afraid of people noticing them

In fact, the problems students often face are not being able

or difficult to think of content to say This may be because the topic is too difficult or unfamiliar to the learner, or it may be because the learner is not interested in the topic Moreover, some students tend to excel, talk too much, so the opportunity

to practice speaking for other students is too little or none The last problem is that students often use their mother tongue because they feel unnatural and do not know how to express their ideas in another language

To overcome the above problems in order to create a speaking environment for students and make speaking lessons effective, many techniques have been used such as: working in pairs, groups, discussions, presentations, presentations program etc…

Among them, Debating is also considered as one of the unique teaching techniques in English speaking lessons to improve learners' ability to speak English And this method has been used by me in teaching - learning to speak English for 7th grade students at Fansipan school, and has brought high results

Because of the above reason, we have chosen to apply the

“Debating technique” in English speaking lessons to improve English speaking skill for secondary students in general and grade 7 students in particular at Fansipan Primary & Secondary School

2 Contents of solution

2.1 Theoretical basis

2.1.1 The concept and benefits of “Debating”

According to the encyclopedia, “Debating” is basically a discussion or a debate While debating you will often be in a position where you will have to argue the opposite of what the other side is saying [7]

According to the American Debate League, debating is a system of reasoning or a race of ideas among participants about any topic, issue, or policy Participants were divided into two opposing sides: for and against (or for and against) the issue

Debating is a very popular extracurricular activity in international private schools and is becoming more popular in Vietnam This is one of the best ways to develop student learning capacity To be able to argue, students need to expand their understanding of many fields, know how to search and process information, develop skills in logical thinking, deductive and critical thinking, and make persuasive presentations

Debating, especially the ability to argue in English, is a tool

to help students confidently enter life, bringing great skills to them To be able to argue, students need to expand their understanding of many fields, know how to look up and process information This is also the foundation for children to confidently learn other subjects and actively seek and learn more advanced knowledge not found in textbooks

Debating helps develop critical thinking When they have synthesized information and have their own arguments, they will give evidence to support their personal views and at the same time counter opposing views The habit of asking questions to clarify knowledge is also an important factor in forming critical thinking

Debating helps improve communication and presentation skills These skills will greatly complement the outcome of the debate, helping the listener to clearly understand your child's point of view Besides, the children will also be trained to listen and respond to clarify their point of view in the most logical way

Debating helps to see things in a multi-dimensional way The goal of debate is not to consistently defend their point of view, debate helps children see things in a multi-dimensional way The more you open your heart to new perspectives, the more your child's knowledge base will be expanded At the same time, children will easily develop the ability to evaluate right-wrong, good-bad issues and make the best decisions

Debating helps develop Listening Speaking Reading -Writing skills During the debate, the students will use all the vocabulary to express their views Regular practice and practice will help them memorize more easily and know how to apply English in real life

2.1.2 Concepts, characteristics and requirements of

speaking skills

Conceptually, Bygate defines speaking as a skill produced during utterance Like other skills, speaking can seem complicated to beginners, because it involves more problems than just pronouncing words Among the four skills of listening,

speaking, reading, and writing, speaking plays an important role because it is the first criterion to help teachers recognize those who know and those who do not know how to use a foreign language What is natural in verbal communication is a process of mutual understanding between the speaker and the listener [1 p.65]

Regarding characteristics, Ur said that the characteristics of

a speaking activity include the following elements:

- Learners participate in speaking activities

- The engine said

- Language is used with an acceptable level of accuracy.[5.p 20]

Regarding requirements, Nunan commented that in order to achieve good speaking skills, learners must meet the following requirements:

- The ability to express the phonological nuances of the language;

- Mastering stress, rhythm, intonation;

- The ability to understand and express semantics;

- Reasonable fluency in conversation or presentation [2 p 32]

2.2 Practical basis

2.2.1 Situation of the problem before taking techniques

* Advantages:

- Fansipan Primary & Secondary School was built in the direction of international standards Facilities and equipment for teaching and learning English at the school are fully spacious and modern The classrooms are equipped with wide-screen TVs with Internet connection, the classrooms are spacious enough, single or double desks so that students can carry out moving activities during English lessons comfortably flexible

- A team of young and dynamic Vietnamese English teachers as well as foreigners are carefully selected

- Students are given an entrance exam The number of students in each class should not exceed 30 students

- Teachers and students always receive the attention and enthusiastic help from the Board of Directors of the Company, the investor and the School Board of Directors, always creating the best conditions for teaching and learning

- Parents are aware of the importance of their children's learning, especially English, so they always accompany the school to not only create the best conditions but also actively participate in all activities Extracurricular activities of the school help children to be more confident and develop

- English program for students of Fansipan Middle & High School, besides strictly implementing the English Program of the Ministry of Education and Training, following the direction of the City Department of Education and Training, the school also built a number of intensive English lessons based on on the English Program designed by the Oxford English Institute in Vietnam (OEA)

- The school organizes an annual activity "English Debating Contest" at all levels These are useful playgrounds and a place for students to experiment and put their learned knowledge and skills into real life

* Disadvantages

- Although students are selected for their input capacity and the number is not too large, it is inevitable that the inequality in language and cognitive ability in a class, especially for students

in grade 7 (age 12)

- Brainstorming ideas and finding content for a debate that matches the theme of the English program of the Ministry of Education and Training is the first difficult factor for using

"Debating" in English speaking lessons They are not yet able

to explore the content, come up with ideas without the help and suggestions from the teacher Next, students' understanding of social issues is still limited Therefore, it is very difficult for them

to give their own personal opinion or counter the opinion of the team

- Time is also a factor that hinders the use of "Debating" in English speaking lessons Because in order to have a successful debate, both teachers and groups of students must take all the necessary steps If both teachers and students are not well prepared, the organization of debates for students will fail

* Actual situation

In recent years, according to new programs and textbooks, new methods of teaching and learning, many students are very interested in the subject, active in all activities, but mostly good and good students There are still many weak students, they do not have a firm grasp of knowledge, they study passively, many

of them are afraid to practice speaking in class, afraid of saying the wrong thing, some of them can't read or write sentences the simplest, thereby seriously affecting the training of skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing; Particularly, there are students who do not take notes in class and do not do homework, they do not have appropriate learning methods

More specifically, when students enter 7th grade, they will begin to have more subjects and a greater amount of

knowledge, it will be very difficult for them if they are not taught and guided in the right direction Therefore, it is necessary to direct them to know the right way to learn so that they have a foundation from the beginning so that they can absorb the knowledge in later classes and promote their learning ability

Subjects participating in the study were 30 students of grade 7A from Fansipan Primary and Secondary School The study period is from September 2021 to November 2021

At the beginning of the school year to understand the situation, learning capacity, listening and speaking skills of students in grade 7A, I designed a speaking test with a simple topic "Tell me about yourself" that requires Pass means being able to speak: name, age, place of residence, grade, school, hobbies, favorite subjects, relatives, friends The results of the survey are as follows:

With the above results, I see that their speaking ability is very low So how to improve this situation, I wondered, pondered, thought, searched for solutions Apply known knowledge, innovate teaching methods to improve English speaking ability for students Since then, I decided to apply the

"Debating" trick in teaching English to help students improve their English speaking skills

2.2.2 Solution used to solve the problem

Stemming from research on theoretical and practical bases, from surveying the above-mentioned advantages and disadvantages, to improve English speaking skills for 7th grade students when using the "Debating" trick in the classroom -learning to speak English, I have taken the steps below as problem-solving measures

2.2.2.1 Steps to take when using “Debating” in English speaking lessons

In order to use the “Debating techinque” in teaching and learning to speak English, to help students not have difficulty in understanding social issues, teachers need to take the following steps:

Step 1: Identify the controversial issue:

- Each lesson can have many issues for debate; However, teachers should only choose a problem that is most suitable for students to organize

- Teachers need to understand, deeply understand their knowledge and understand their students' objects, their cognitive level, what they have, what they need, so that the

teacher can make the right argument, transparent and most appropriate

Step 2: Assigning tasks, students prepare to research on the debate issue:

- Teachers need to assign specific: agreeing team and opposing team; appropriate document orientation The team that agrees

is called “For” and the team that disagrees is called “Against” Each team has at least 2 to 3 students, asking them to prepare well to give quality and focused arguments

- Ask the teams to elect a captain to control their team to participate in the debate

Step 3: Conduct debate:

The debate will have two parts:

- Part 1: Presentation

+ Each team will present the problem they defend;

+ The team agrees to present first;

+ The maximum time for the presentation is 2 minutes

- Part 2: Debate:

+ Each team will base their feedback on the opponent's presentation;

+ The maximum time for each review is 1 minute;

+ The members of each team need to take turns, avoiding the case that only one person argues from beginning to end During the debate, members of the teams can ask questions back and forth to each other to add drama

During the debate, the teacher observes and is ready to help the teams if necessary

Step 4: Comment and evaluate: The teacher will make

comments and assessments for each team and finalize the core knowledge of the lesson Evaluation criteria will be: quality of arguments; presentation skills of each team; working attitude and debate of each team

2.2.2.2 Some illustrative examples

In the English 7 program of the Ministry of Education, there are a total of 12 Units, equivalent to 105 teaching and learning

periods In which, some songs like: "Unit 1: My hobbies", "Unit 2: Health", "Unit 4: Music and Arts", "Unit 7: Traffic", "Unit 8: Films" are the lessons of the teachers You can choose to bring

up topics around what students have just learned, or related to the student's current life, appropriate for their age and level of understanding so that students can easily compete argue with each other

Specifically:

- Unit 1: My hobbies

Nowadays, lots of children like playing computer and mobile games as a hobby Therefore, Some people say that computer and mobile games should be banned at school Do you agree or disagree?

Orientation: Students can agree or disagree depending on the assessment and comment on their own point of view Therefore,

in this situation, the teacher should specifically assign 2 teams:

"agree" and "disagree" so that the students will carefully prepare the content of the debate

- Unit 2: Health

These days many people prefer ready to eat fast food rather than homemade food Do you think this has more advantages

or disadvantages?

Orientation: Students can choose many advantages or many disadvantages depending on the assessment and comment of their own point of view Therefore, in this situation, the teacher should specifically assign 2 teams: choose "many advantages" and choose "many disadvantages" so that students can carefully prepare content to argue about the issue

- Unit 4: Music and Arts

Do you think music and arts should be compulsory subjects at schools in Vietnam? Why or Why not?

Orientation: Students can choose to be required or optional depending on the assessment and comments on their own point

of view Therefore, in this situation, the teacher should specifically assign 2 teams: "required" and "optional" so that the students can carefully prepare the content of the debate

- Unit 7: Traffic

Do you think people should use public transport more often than use private vehicles? Why / why not?

Orientation: Students can choose whether or not they should, depending on their own assessment and opinion Therefore, in this situation, the teacher should specifically assign 2 teams:

"should" and "shouldn't" so that the students will carefully prepare the content of the debate

- Unit 8: Films

Some people think watching movies is a waste of time Do you agree or disagree?

Orientation: Students can agree or disagree depending on the assessment and comment on their own point of view Therefore,

in this situation, the teacher should specifically assign 2 teams:

"agree" and "disagree" so that the students will carefully prepare the content of the debate

2.2.2.3 The progress of the speaking lesson using the

“Debating technique”

- Teacher's work before teaching:

+ Prepare a debate topic: (the topic name is suitable for the content of the English curriculum 7 of the BGD)

+ Prepare lesson plans for lessons

+ It is expected to divide the group into teams

- Teacher's work while teaching:

+ Introduce the topic

+ Divide students into pairs

+ Ask and suggest for students to make an outline according to

2 sides "for" and "against"

+ Observe and help student teams on issues related to vocabulary, structure, grammar and help the teams practice + Call on pairs to present

+ Record what students need to promote and learn from experience

- Teacher's work after teaching:

+ Make comments for each pair of teams

+ Ask pairs of students to go home to continue practicing, record videos and send videos to teachers after 1 week

Above I have outlined the progress of a speaking lesson using the "Debating" technique in the 7th grade English program Here I would like to illustrate with a specific lesson:

DEBATING TOPIC

Do you think people should use public transport more often than use private vehicles?

Why / why not?

I OBJECTIVES

1 Knowledge:

By the end of this lesson, Sts will be able to gain more knowledge about the advantages and disadvantages of using public transport

2 Skills: Speaking, Listening, Writing

3 Attitude: Be confident in front of a crowd.

4 Competence development: Teamwork and independent

working, pair work, linguistic competence, cooperative learning and communicative competence

II TEACHING METHODS

1 Teacher: Lesson plan, computer, TV

2 Students: Notebooks