34 Nguyin Anh Tuan TIM COTNGlfOIAM HIEN TU^ONG TIM MO • • • B A N G NGOAI CAM QUA LANG KINH BAO CHI THOfI DOT M 6 I NGUYEN ANH TUAN md ma la ndi ban tam Idn eiia ngudi Viet Nam "Sinh hiiu gia cu tir hu'u dja tang", "Sdng ve md ve ma, khdng sdng ve ca bat com"" Dudng nhu mdi quan tam nay trd nen rd ret hon trong thdi ky chuyen ddi sang nen kinh te thj trudng (Hoang Ba Thinh 2007, tr 18) Tir cudi thap ky 80 din nay ngudi ta chirng kien su xuat hien ciia nhieu nha ngoai cam tim md Theo thdng ke, ca[.]
Trang 134 Nguyin Anh Tuan
TIM COTNGlfOIAM - HIEN TU^ONG TIM MO
• • •
NGUYEN ANH TUAN
md ma la ndi ban tam Idn eiia ngudi
Viet Nam: "Sinh hiiu gia cu - tir hu'u dja
tang", "Sdng ve md ve ma, khdng sdng ve ca
bat com"" Dudng nhu mdi quan tam nay trd
nen rd ret hon trong thdi ky chuyen ddi sang
nen kinh te thj trudng (Hoang Ba Thinh
2007, tr 18) Tir cudi thap ky 80 din nay
ngudi ta chirng kien su xuat hien ciia nhieu
nha ngoai cam tim md Theo thdng ke, ca
nude hien cd khoang mot tram ngudi nhu
vay (Le Mai Dung, 2007, tr 6) Hang van
ngudi da tim gap nha ngoai cam de nhd tim
hai cdt nhiing ngudi than qua cd cua hg
Bao chf sd'm phan anh van de nay tir
nira cudi thap ky 80 Hon hai thap ky qua, nd
duge de cap tren nhieu td bao; tir nam 2000
den nay ed them sir tham gia ciia bao dien tir,
tao ra nhung cudc tranh luan sdi ndi (vao eac
nam: 1997, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2008 )
Bai viet nay dat v^n dl tim hilu hien tugng
tim md bang ngoai cam duge nhin nhan nhu
the nao qua lang kinh bao chi trong tuong
quan vdi nhung ddi thay d Viet Nam trong
thdi ky- Ddi mdi (tii' 1986 din nay) Ngudn tu
lieu sir dung de phan tich trong bai vilt nay
gidi han d bao in truyen thdng va bao dien tir
qua mdt sd bai bao dien hinh
1 Tim cdt ngirdi dm'' cd ca sd la niim
tin vao su tdn tai ciia cac linh hdn d thi
Cum tir "tim cot nguai am" duoc sir dung trong bai
\ iet tuang duang voi thuat ngu "tim mo (hai c6t"'thlt
lac) bang ngoai cam", "tim c6t'" No Ihuang duac
nh&ng nguai di tim mo bing ngoai cam d§ cap trong
cau chuven cua ho Vi va>, toi sir dung thuat ngO nay
nhu la mot su dien dat hinh anh \ i \in de nav "
gidi ben kia - vdn tdn tai tir lau trong van hda Viet Nam Cdng viec tim hai cdt that lac (hay cdt ciia ngudi am) nay duge tien hanh thdng qua kha nang dac biet thu nhan thdng tin ve ngudi qua cd va the gidi ben kia de tim hai cdt that lac gan vdi vai trd eiia mdt nhdm ngudi duge ggi la cae nha ngoai cam Nhirng kiem nghiem khoa hgc cho biet ban than nha ngoai cam khdng cd chi sd nao bat binh thudng hay ndi each khae: hg la ngudi binh thudng Mot kiem nghiem do Vien Khoa hgc Viet Nam thue hien da khdng tim
ra duge bat cu chi bao bat thudng nao d chj H., mdt trong cac nha ngoai cam ndi tieng nhat Viet Nam hien nay (Trung tam Nghien ciru tiem nang con ngudi (TTNCTNCN),
2001, tr 20-22) Tuy nhien, nha ngoai cam
ed kha nang "ndi chuyen vdi ngudi am",
"nghe duge tieng ngudi am" hay "giao thoa duge vdi vong linh" Hg khdng an ehirng duge su bat thudng ve the chat trude khoa hge nhung ed kha nang, dam nhiem cong
viec khae thudng: tim cdt ngirdi dm
Hai thap ky qua, hien tugng nay trd thanh mdt van de dang ehii y, thu hut sir quan tam ciia du luan, cac nha nghien cuu, nha quan ly, bao chi va gidi truyen thdng Chua cd thdng ke chinh thire ve sd ngudi tim
den vdi ngoai cam tim cdt ngirdi dm nhung
ngudi ta eho rang eon sd cd the len tdi hang van hoac hang ehuc van ngudi (Nguyen Chu Phac, Han Thuy Vu, 2007, tr 7; Lien hiep Khoa hgc cdng nghe tin hgc irng dung, Vien Khoa hgc hinh sir Trung tam Bao trg van
Trang 2Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd4 - 2008 35 hda ky thuat truyen thdng, 2001, tr 4; Bd
mdn Can tam ly, 2000, tr 9) Thue te, sd
khach hang dm cdt ngirdi dm cd the Idn hon
the nhieu
Moi nha ngoai cam cd each thire tim
cdt ngudi dm rieng, nhung nhin ehung qua
trinh nay, ve ca ban, gdm hai giai doan:
cung cap thdng tin va tim cdt ngudi dm tren
thue dja Diem khae biet chu yeu nam trong
giai doan thir hai nhung khdng hiem nha
ngoai cam cd duy nhat mdt each lam viec
Ngoai cam tim md hai thap ky qua da khoi
goi tri tudng tugng vugt ra ngoai gidi ban
thdng thudng ciia con ngudi Nd tao ra
nhirng huyen thoai eiia thdi hien dai, khdng
the hinh dung ndi vdi hang tram cau chuyen
dien hinh ve kha nang bi an ciia con ngudi
ma khoa hge chua cd eau tra ldi, ggi la "giao
thoa vdi linh hdn"' Day chfnh la diem cdt Idi
tao nen sue hap dan eiia hien tugng nay ddi
vdi du hmn
2 Niia cudi thap ky 80 trude sir xuat
hien ciia mdt sd ngoai cam tim md, bao chi da
vao cudc Til' dd den nay, van de nay duge de
cap tren nhilu td bao nhu: Van nghe quan
ddi, Nha bao va edng luan, Cuu chien binh,
Tiln Phong, Thi gidi mdi, Kien thire ngay
nay, Hai Duong, An ninh Hai phdng, Cdng
an nhan dan An ninh thii dd An ninh the
gidi Ha Ndi Mdi, Lao ddng Cac bai viet
cd thi duge dang tai rai rac hoac lien tue
nhilu ky\ tao ra nhieu dgt sdng tranh luan Idn
(vao eac nam: 1997, 2000, 2001, 2007 )
Mdi day (nam 2007), mdt cudc tranh luan
chua timg ed vl ngoai cam tim md nd ra tren
hai td bao An ninh thii do va bao dien tir
Vietimes (www.vietimes.com.vn) Cac tranh
bien bao ehi ddi vdi tim cdt ngirdi dm, nhin
ehung, chia thanh hai xu hudng trai ngugc
nhau: iing hd va phe phan
v l ndi dung, bao chi tap trung vao bdn diim chinh sau: 1) Khach hang va nha ngoai cam; 2) Giao thoa vdi vong: tai nang hay trd bjp ve su tdn tai eiia linh hdn?; 3) Tac dung hay tac hai; va 4) Ngoai cam va gia ngoai cam
Thap ky 90, phan Idn tac gia eac bai bao ve van de nay ed quan diem phu djnh ngoai cam, xem khach hang cua ngoai cam tim md duge mieu ta trong mdt nghien ciru khae, nhu la nhirng ngudi nhe da ca tin, thilu hieu biet Cdn nhung ngudi iing hd thi lgc chgn ra nhung khach hang ed dia vj, danh tilng va hgc thiic cao trong xa hdi sir
dung cau chuyen tim cdt ngirdi dm eiia hg de
ehung minh dieu ngugc lai Nhung tii' sau cudc tranh luan bao ehi nam 2007, each nhin
nhan ve khach hang lim cdt ngudi dm cd
nhieu thay ddi theo hudng tieh cue hon Trong tranh kmn, eac bai bao nhin nhan khach hang vdi sir trung tinh nhu la dieu can thilt de thu duge nhieu hon cam tinh ciia ngudi dge va tang tinh khach quan cho bai bao each lam nay deu thay d ea hai loai bao chi ed quan diem iing hd va phe phan, nhung ndi trdi hon d bao chf phe phan ngoai cam tim md (Dd Kien Cudng, 2007; Tran Quang Dai, 2007; Hoai Giang, 2007; Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes, 2007)
cae nha ngoai cam thudng duge mieu
ta kha day dii thdng tin ve nhan than (gidi, tudi, nghe nghiep trude day trinh do, tinh trang hdn nhan), nhung dae biet duge khae hga rd ve each thire trd thanh nha ngoai cam
va su xac thue ciia nang lire ngoai cam Thap
ky 90, bao chi thudng lay dac diem nhan than de nhan manh hoac phe phan nang lire eiia nha ngoai cam (Nhdm phdng vien ehinh trj xa hdi, 1997, tr 1, 4; Ban CT-VX, 1997,
Trang 336 Nguyen Anh Tiid'n
tr 1-3: Pham Quang D^u 1997 tr 14-17)
Tir sau nam 2007, ylu td nhan than duge cac
nghien ciin khoa hgc xac dinh la khdng cd
lien quan tdi nang lire ngoai cam nen nhirng
thong tin nhan than ehi giir vai trd eung cap
thong tin ve nha ngoai cam
Tam diem tranh bien ciia bao chi ve
ngoai cam la kha nang giao thoa vdi vong
linh cua nha ngoai cam Neu trong thap ky
90 cac tac gia ed quan diem ung hd ngoai
cam mdi chi dat eau hdi ve kha nang giao
thoa vdi vong linh eiia nha ngoai cam (Pham
Quang Dau 1997 tr 14-17; Pham Thiiy
Huong 1997 tr 16-17 ) thi tii' sau 2000
ho khang djnh thay vi dat cau hdi Ca sd de
ho khang djnh quan diem nay la ket qua
nghien eiiu eiia mdt sd td chirc nghien eii'u
ve ngoai cam [Bd mdn Can tam ly (thuge
Trung tam Nghien ciru tiem nang eon
ngudi) Trung tam Bao trg van hda truyen
thdng (Hgi Khoa hge lich sii' Viet Nam),
Vien Khoa hgc hinh su (Bd cdng an) Lien
hiep Khoa hgc cdng nghe tin hgc irng dung
(Lien hiep Hdi khoa hge ky thuat Viet
Nam)] Nhung dang chii y ban, mdt sd tac
gia dua vao bang ehirng xet nghiem ADN
mudn khang djnh su tdn tai ciia linh hdn va
keu ggi xem nha ngoai cam la tai san qude
gia (Le Mai Dung, 2007; Pham Ngge
Duong 2007; Dinh Kilu Nguyen, 2001;
Hoang Anh Sirdng, 2007; T.V 2007 )
Ve phfa nhu'ng ngudi phe phan ngoai
cam tir cudi thap ky 80 din nam 2000 hg di
tir y muon phii djnh ngoai cam nhu la hien
tuong me tfn di doan hay mot trd lira bjp
trai phap luat (Ban CT-VX, 1997 tr 1 3;
Tiing De 1997 tr 8: Xuan Nguyen 1997,
tr 1; Nhdm phong vien chfnh trj xa hdi,
1997, tr 1, 4: P.V 1997, tr 1 8; P.V.,
2000a, tr 1, 4, 5; P.V., 2000b, tr 1; Dao Nguyen Lan, 2000) din eho thira nhan kha nang ngoai cam tim md nhung khdng chap nhan su tdn tai ciia linh hdn va chuyen "giao thoa vdi vong linh" (Dd Kien Cudng, 2007a;
Khai Thien, 2007; Trhn Quang Dai, 2007;
Pham Hiru Hanh, 2007; Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes, 2007) Hg cho dieu do khdng phii hgp vdi nen tang khoa hge hien dai va tim kiem mdt each giai thich van de mdi, duy vat hon, ggi la thuyet birc xa tan du Theo
dd, ngoai cam tim md la viec dge thdng tin chira trong mdt dang vat chat (birc xa tan du) tir suy nghT ciia ngudi chet (Dd Kien Cudng,
2000, tr 34-44, 156-170; Pham Quang Binh,
2005, tr 58-63)
Tac dung va tac hai cua ngoai cam tim
md la chu de duge hau het cae bai bao nhac tdi tir nhung nam 1990 den nay Trong do, nhirng tac gia cd quan diem iing hd ngoai cam ed ddng thai nhan manh trj lieu tam ly, ndi dau mat mat ngudi than cua hang van ngudi de neu len tac dung thue te eiia ngoai cam va the hien quan diem eoi eac nha ngoai cam la tai san vd gia ciia qude gia Ngugc lai, nhung ngudi theo khuynh hudng phan ddi ngoai cam tim md thi nhan manh cae yeu
td tieu cue ciia hien tugng nay nhu: hanh nghe trai phep, vi pham phap luat, lira dao, mat an ninh trat tu tri an, mat mat tien eiia, gia tang van nan me tin di doan, khdng cd dao dire Tir nhirng nam 2006 va 2007, hg chi tap trung phe phan cac nha ngoai cam gia danh, khdng phai ngoai cam tim md noi ehung (Khae Hien, 2006; Do Kien Cudng, 2007a, 2007b; Tran Quang Dai, 2007; Pham Hiru Hanh, 2007; Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes, 2007)
Trang 4Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd4 - 2008 -il
Nhirng ngudi ed khuynh hudng iing hd
ngoai cam tim each thdng tin ngay cang
nhieu cac cau chuyen tim md ciia nhirng
ngudi tirng cd vai trd, dja vi trong xa hdi,
chirng minh tai nang eua nha ngoai cam va
sir tdn tai ciia linh hdn Nhirng ngudi ddi lap
tim each vach tran "eac nha ngoai cam gia
danh" Hg khdng giau giem mue dich mudn
khai tir cac nha ngoai cam gia danh Sau khi
nhan duge su ddng tinh iing hd eiia du luan,
ho ket thiic loat bai tren thdi bao dien tii'
Vietimes bang each girl ldi thaeh thire gidi
ngoai cam Viet Nam hay khang djnh tai
nang bang nhirng thf nghiem ed kiem soat
tieu chuan qude te (tai My) de duge vinh
danh ciing sd tien thudng khong Id 50 trieu
USD (Viet Tien, 2007)
Mot diem dang ehii y nira la hien nay
bao chi phan anh ngoai cam va gia ngoai
cam deu su dung ket qua ciia cae chuong
trinh nghien cuu va ddi ngu chuyen gia trong
ITnh vuc nay Nhung ngudi theo khuynh
hudng ung hd ngoai cam no lire tuyen
truyen, lay ket luan nghien cuu ciia cac
chuong trinh lam eo' sd cho bai viet nhu la
mdt su bao dam quan trgng Cdn cac bai bao
khdng ehia se quan diem tren, ngoai viec
dua thdng tin nham lat tay eac nha ngoai
cam gia danh, cdn chat van do tin cay va
phuong phap nghien cuu ciia cac ehuong
trinh khao nghiem ngoai cam tim md
"Khdng ai trong nhdm tac gia c6
kien thiic can thiet ve ngoai cam Vi
dpi ngu nghien cii'u nay thieu kien
thirc chuyen nganh (ngoai cam) nen
ho khong thiet ke dirge thi nghiem
cd kiem soat va bj nha ngoai cam
lam xiic" (Viet Tien, 2007)
Nhu vay, cd the thay bao chf khdng chi
phan ludng hien tugng tim cdt ngirdi dm ma
edn chi ra cac quan diem da ehieu ve hien tugng nay va gan vdi nd la mdt loat minh ehung nham bien minh cho nhirng luan diem trai ngugc nhau Tham ehi, chu diem ciia eac cudc tranh luan cung khdng ngimg van ddng, phat trien trong hon hai thap ky qua
3 Mdt dieu de nhan thay la cudi thap nien 80 den nay, sd lugng bai bao phan anh
ve ngoai cam tim md tang len dang ke Trong niia cudi thap ky 80 den niia dau thap
ky 90 ngudi ta thay phan Idn la cac bai bao
cd quan diem phan ddi ngoai cam Ngugc lai, vao nira sau thap ky 90 sang nam 2000, bao ehi dang tai nhieu hon cac y kien iing hd ngoai cam (Ngge Tran, 1994; Pham Quang Dau, 1997; Pham Thiiy Huong, 1997 ) Tii'
2000 den nay (dae biet tir sau nam 2007), sd lugng eac bai bao ed quan diem iing hg tang len nhanh chdng, vugt trdi cac bai bao theo khuynh hudng phan ddi ngoai cam Trong cudc tranh bien nam 2007, mdt tac gia cho biet mdi tuong quan sd lugng nhu sau:
"Da CO mot so bai bao, quyen sach dan ra nhu'ng bang chii'ng ve
su lira dao cua cae nha ngoai cam noi tieng nhat hien nay, nhung nhirng bai viet ay nhanh chdng bi lan at trong mot rirng bai nggi ca, than phue (tren nhung td bao co
uy tfn va dong dao ban doc nhat)!" (Tran Quang Dai, 2007)
Viec thay ddi ve ndi dung phan anh khien cho dung lugng cac bai bao de cap den ngoai cam tim md tir cudi thap ky 80 din nay ed su ddi khae Neu nhu trude day, cac bai bao ed dung lugng khiem tdn tii' 900 din
Trang 538 Nguyen Anh Tuan
1.500 chii thi nay cd khoang 2.500 chir Dae
biet cac bai viet tren bao dien tir thudng ed
dung lugng Idn hon trung binh khoang
3.500 chir nhieu nhat la gan 5.000 chir
Nguyen nhan la bao dien tu khdng bj gidi
ban so trang nhu bao in truyen thdng
Thay vi ehi dang tai mdt hoac hai bai
viet don le trude day, bao chi hien nay ed xu
hudng tap trung trinh bay van de ngoai cam
trong nhieu ky lien tuc Day la each lam
thudng thay cua nhieu td bao Day cung la
each de cae y kien ed eo- hdi tranh luan vdi
nhau va ddc gia duge thdng tin tir nhieu
chieu, ddng thdi ddc gia eung cd co- hgi duge
bao chi trao tieng ndi
cae nha bao thudng phan anh van de
tim cdt ngirdi dm trong chuyen mue van hda
ddi sdng hoac phap luat, an ninh eanh giac
cac td bao dien tir ed uu the hon nhd kha
nang tao dudng "link"" nham ket noi cac bai
viet cd Cling chu de vdi nhau de ngudi dge
tien theo ddi (Bao dien tu Vietimes:
www vietimes.com.vn)
Trude day trong hau het eac bai vilt
ve ngoai cam tim md gidng nhu ldi nhan xet
eiia Hoang Van Chung "anh duge diing hoac
la chat lugng rat thap (den trang gdc chup
ngheo nan) hoac la khdng hi cd anh minh
hga"' (Hoang Van Chung 2006, tr 102) Tuy
nhien tii' nam 2000 din nay, nhilu td bao da
khae phue nhugc diem nay Mdt sd td bao in
truyen thdng tuy sir dung anh tu lieu den
trang nhung cd gdc do bam may da dang,
dae ta chira dung ham y rd rang Anh mau
cd xu hudng duge sii dung ngay mot nhilu
hon Dac bia, mot sd anh khdng chi thi hien
tfnh my thuat ma edn thi hien gia tri tu lieu
ve vat tiiy tang, dac diem nhan dang, dac diem xuong cdt, nhirng con vat la dan dudng hanh ddng ky la trong qua trinh tim
md ban do md ehi ciing dac diem dja hinh giau sire thuyet phue (Hoang Minh Dire, 2007; Hoang Anh Suong 2007; Nguyin Anh Tuan, 2007) Cd mdt su thay ddi dang
ke trong loat bai viet tir sau nam 2007, dac biet la nhirng bai duge dang tren bao dien tir Trung binh mdi bai bao ed tdi thieu mdt anh mau, nhieu la bdn, nam chiec Trong mdt so loat bai bao phan ddi ngoai cam gia danh, nhiing tam anh chup ngudi thue, vat thue vdi nhieu gdc do bam may va khung hinh the hien rd su ngu y Nhieu anh cham biem
ed sue ggi md eung duge phdi hgp su dung (Pham Hiru Hanh, 2007; Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes, 2007a-f; Hoai Giang, 2007)
cac bai bao ngay cang lien tuc cap nhat, da dang each thirc the hien Nhiing van
de ve ky thuat va my thuat ciia eac bai vilt ngay cang duge chau ehudt nham dam bao sire hap dan, ldi cudn sir td md cua dge gia cae bai viet cd logic ve hinh thire; nhd vay,
da tao sir thoai mai va de dang cho ngudi dge De tranh luan, eac nha bao sir dung linh boat eac thii phap hinh thirc bao chi: tir phdng su den phdng van nha ngoai cam ngudi trong cudc nhirng chuyen gia, cac nha nghien cuu
Nhieu bai bao sau do cdn duge tap hgp
in thanh sach phdng su dai ky- phat hanh vdi
sd lugng Idn va tai ban nhieu lan (Nguyen Dinh Phiic 2002: Trin Ngge Lan, 2006; Hoang Anh Sudng, 2007; Le Mai Dung, 2007; Nguyen Chu Phac Han Thuy Vu, 2007: Do Kien Cudng 2000 2001, 2006; Pham Ngge Duong, 2007)
Trang 6Tgp ehi Ddn tdc hgc sd 4 - 2008 39
cae tac gia nhirng bai bao cd quan
diem iing hd va phe phan ngoai cam hai thap
ky qua da cd nhung ddi thay ve ngdn ngir
trinh bay Neu nhu trong nhu'ng nam 1990
hg han che sir dung nhirng thuat tir: "ngoai
cam", "tam linh", "ngudi am", "vong
linh'" duge xem la mang tinh nhay cam"
thi nay nhirng cum tii' nay trd nen kha quen
thude trong cac bai viet ciia hg Sir thay ddi
ciing de nhan thay trong ngdn ngir ciia
nhung tac gia phe phan ngoai cam Thap ky
trude, hg thudng sir dung cac tir nhu: "thii
doan", "trd lira bjp", "liia dao" Ngay nay,
ddc gia eiia hg van ed the cam nhan rd rang
dinh hudng ndi dung cac bai viet ciia hg ma
khdng can tdi nhung tir ngii tren
4 Ddi ngu tac gia cac bai viet lien
quan den tim cdt ngudi dm trong nhung nam
qua ed su thay ddi ea ve chat va lugng Den
nam 2000, ngudi ta thay da sd tac gia la cac
phdng vien eua cac tda bao, mdt sd an danh,
ghi la P.V., ban CT-VX (bao Hai Duong,
sd 96 (12/8/1997), tr 1-3; bao An ninh Hai
Phdng, sd 253 (20-8/25-8-1997) va sd 254
(26-8/2-9-1997), tr 1, 8; bao An ninh thi
gidi, sd 206 (7/12/2000), tr I, 4, 5; Thdi bao
kinh tl Viet Nam, so 111 (15/9/2000), tr 11)
thi nay su an danh nhu tren trd nen hiem
gap Ddi ngii tac gia duge md rdng vdi da
dang nghe nghiep: trong dd mdt sd la nha
nghien cuu am hieu van de ngoai cam, ngudi
cd dja vi, danh tieng trong xa hdi Nhieu
ngudi da hoac dang tham gia vao cac khda
• Den nam 2002, de duoc cap giay phep xuat ban mot
cuon sach tap hgp nhiing bai bao, cau chuyen, y kien
ve van de ngoai cam tim mo, tac gia da phai "nguy
trang" no nhu mot cuon tieu thuyet va xuat ban no a
Hai Phong thay vi a Ha Noi (Nguyen Dinh Phiic
(2002), Con mai ingi linh ihirang, N.\b Hai Phong)
hgc hay hdi thao khoa hgc ve nghien ciiru ngoai cam d nude ngoai
Cae tac gia viet ve ngoai cam tim md nhting nam gan day da phan nao khae phue duge nhiing ban che ve kien thirc lien quan den van de ngoai cam Ci cae bai viet cd quan
diem iing hd ngoai cam tim cdt ngirdi dm, cac
tac gia cd tham vgng ehung minh su tdn tai ciia linh hdn bang each trinh bay va sir dung ngdn ngii' mdt each than trgng hon Phia ben kia cudc tranh luan, nhung ngudi theo xu hudng phan ddi cung khdng cirng nhac vdi quan diem xem ngoai cam tim md la hien tugng me tfn dj doan Hg da thira nhan tfnh
xac thue nang lire ngoai cam tim cdt ngirdi
dm, nhung ddng thdi the hien su khdng khoan
nhugng vdi sir lam dung ngoai cam
Trong thap ky trude, hau nhu cae bai viet chi cd duy nhat tieng ndi cua tac gia va nhan chimg, bj phe phan mang tfnh chu quan trong phat ngdn vi hiem khi cd su tham van
y kien ciia chuyen gia Hien nay, bao ehf (dac biet la bao dien tir) da cd su hgp tac vdi ddi ngu chuyen gia, trao tieng ndi cho hg va dua CO hdi phan hdi den cho cdng chiing Loat bai eua bao Vietimes trong cudc tranh luan nam 2007 la mdt vi du dien hinh
Ket luan Trong bdi eanh md cira, hdi nhap qude
te va md rdng dan ehu hoa cac mat ddi sdng .xa hdi ciia thdi ky Ddi mdi, van de ngoai cam tim md - mdt van de duge xem la te nhi ddi vdi giao due tu tudng trong ca che quan lieu, bao cap - duge thdng tin, ban thao rdng
va md tren mat bao ehi Nhirng quan diem, y kien, each tiep can, nhan thirc khae nhau, tham chf trai ngugc nhau xung quanh van de
Trang 740 Nguyen Anh Tuan
nay deu duge dang tai tren cac loai bao chi
khae nhau Nhd dd cae ben quan tam deu cd
CO' hdi tham gia; ban dge duge tiep can vdi
thdng tin da chieu va nhan thire van de ngoai
cam tim md dan dan duge phat trien tren ca
sd nhu'ng ket qua nghien ciru khoa hgc va
thue tien khach quan cua ddi sdng
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Ban CT-VX (1997) "Can dep ngay
nhirng boat dgng trai phep ciia nha ngoai
cam Nguyen Van Lien"", Bdo Hdi Duong Sd
96(12/8/1997), tr 1-3
2 Pham Quang Binh (2005), "Budc
dau tim hieu ban chat, ngudn gdc eac hien
tugng ngoai cam eiia con ngudi"", Tgp chi
Tdm ly hgc So 12, tr 58-63
3 Bd mdn Can tam ly (2000), Bdo cdo
tdng hgp ket qua khao sdt kha ndng dac biet
ciia cd Nguyen Thi Phuong Hdm Rdng
-Tinh Thanh Hda Ha Ndi
4 Hoang van Chung (2006), "Vai van
de ve bao chf viet ve cae dang thire tdn giao
mdi a Viet Nam hien nay"", trong: Ky ylu
hdi nghj "Approaching Vietnam's
Conlemporaiy Cultures Conference" (ngay
2-6 thang 12 nam 2006) Vien Nghien ciru
Van hoa tr 100-131
5 Do Kien Cudng (2000), Ly giai
cdc hien tugng di thudng Nxb Tre Tp Hd
Chf Minh
6 Do Kien Cudng (2001) Hien tugng
ldm linh Nxb Tre, Tp Hd Chf Minh
7 Dd Kien Cudng (2006) Ly gidi cdc
hien tugng di thudng Huyin thogi vd Sir
ihcii Nxb Tre Tp Ho Chf Minh
8 Do Kien Cudng (2007a), "Thue
nghiem nhanh " - "dn tir" cho ngogi cdm gid danh, (3/10/2007), tren trang
wwvv.vietimes.eom.vn (truy cap ngay 10/10/2007)
9 Do Kien Cudng (2007b), Thirc hu
ngogi cdm - Cdi nhin khoa hgc ehdn chinh,
(1/10/2007), tren trang wwvv.vietimes.eom.vn (truy cap ngay
10/10/2007)
10 C G (2001), "Bat ke gia danh nha
ngoai cam Nguyen Van Lien", Bdo Cdng an
nhdn ddn, 1112 (ngay 27/5/2001), tr 1
11 Le Mai Dung (2007), Bi dn ciia
cdc nhd ngogi cdm Viet Nam, Nxb Van hoa
thdng tin, Ha Ndi
12 Pham Ngge Duong (2007), Hien
tugng ngogi cam - Hien thue vd ly gidi, Nxb
Van hda thdng tin Ha Ndi
13 Tran Quang Dai (2007), Lira ddo
mdt gia dinh la lira ddo cd mdt luong tdm xd hdi, (10/10/2007) tren trang
wwvv.vietimes.eom.vn (truy cap ngay 10/10/2007)
14 Pham Quang Dau (1997), "Nguyen van Lien - mdt kha nang ngoai cam dac
sac"" The gidi mdi, Sd 235, ngay
12/05/1997 tr 14-17
15 Timg De (1997), "Tram nghe khdng bang mdt thay vl nha ngoai cam
Nguyen Van Lien'", Chuyen muc Kinh ti xd
hdi, bdo Tiin Phong, ngay 9/12/1997, tr 8
16 Hoang Minh Diic (2007), "Hanh trinh tim md Met sy Trudng ban thudng true
qude hdi dAu tien"" (3 ky), Bdo Ngirdi dgi
Trang 8Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd4 - 2008 41
bieu nhdn ddn, ngay 22/6/2008,'
vvvvvv.ndbnd.com.vn (truy cap ngay
27/7/2008)
17 Hoai Giang (2007a), Phdn hoi
"ngogi cdm tim md" - Sir thirc Id ddy
(phdn I)'? (22/10/2007), tren trang
www.vietimes.com.vn (truy cap ngay
22/10/2007)
18 Hoai Giang (2007b), Phan hdi
"ngogi cdm tim md " - Sir thue Id ddy (phdn
IIJ':' (24/10/2007), tren trang
vvvvw vietimes.com, vn (truy cap ngay
24/10/2007)
19 Pham Hun Hanh (2007), Gin cdc
nhd ngogi cdm gid danh, (2/10/2007),
wwvv.vietimes.eom.vn (truy cap ngay
7/11/2007)
20 Khae Hiln (2006), "Nhd ngogi
cdm" rom nguy tgo hdi cdt liet sT,
(16/10/2006), tren trang
www.tienphongonline.eom.vn (truy cap
ngay 11/11/2007)
21 Pham Thiiy Huong (1997), "Ngudi
tim md tir xa", Tgp chi Kien thirc ngdy nay,
Sd 10, thang 9 nam 1997, tr 16-17
22 Dao Nguyen Lan (2000), "Hien
tugng "Cd Phuong - Thanh Hda" kha nang
ky la hay trd liia dao", Chuyen san Nhd bdo
vd cdng ludn, thang 7 nam 2000, tr 8, 9, 33
23 Tran Ngge Lan (2006) Nhirng cdu
chuyen ve the gidi tdm linh, Nxb Van hda
thdng tin Ha Ndi
24 Lien hiep Khoa hgc edng nghe tin
hoc iing dung, Vien Khoa hge hinh su,
Trung tam Bao trg van hda ky thuat truyen
thdng (2001), Bdo cdo tdng ket chirong trinh khdo nghiem khoa hgc tim md tir xa bdng khd ndng ddc biet (giai dogn II), Wa Ndi
25 Dinh Kilu Nguyen (2001) Hdnh trinh tim md ddng chi Nguyen Dire Cdnh,
tren trang www.anninhthudo.vn (truy cap ngay 11/11/2007)
26 Xuan Nguyen (1997), "Quan ly
boat ddng ciia eac nha ngoai cam", Bdo Lao ddng xd hdi {3/9/\997),tr 1
27 Nhdm phdng vien chfnh tri xa hdi (1997), "Thir ven bu'c man "bf mat" ciia nha
ngoai cam Nguyen Van Lien", Bdo Hdi Duong, Sd 77, ngay 1/7/1997, tr 1, 4
28 Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes
(2007a), Cdi vdng trdn ngd ngdn (Ky 1),
tren trang wwvv.vietimes.eom.vn (truy cap ngay 18/9/2007)
29 Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes
(2007b), Mgch dap thi that nhimg mdu thi den (Ky 2) tren trang wwvv.vietimes.eom.vn
(truy cap ngay 18/9/2007)
30 Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes
(2007c), Sdu ngdy ly ky tim md (Ky 3), tren
trang vvvvw.vietimes.eom.vn (truy cap ngay 19/9/2007)
31 Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes
(2007d), Khi ngogi cdm chieu yeu khoa hgc
(Ky 4), tren trang www.vietimes.eom.vn (truy cap ngay 21/9/2007)
32 Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes
(2007e), Neu tham gia thir nghiem chet la chuyen binh thudng (Ky 5), tren trang
www.vietimes.com.vn (truy cap ngay 21/9/2007)
Trang 942 Nguyen Anh Tuan
33 Nhdm phdng vien Vietimes
(20071) Khdng duoc Igm dung thdn thdnh
(Ky 6), tren trang w ww vietimes.eom.vn
(truy cap ngay 21/9/2007)
34 Nguyen Chu Phac Han Thuy Vii
(2007) Hdnh trinh thieng lieng tim hen cdt
liet sy - su mdch bao tdm linh vd nhimg kha
ndng k}' dieu cua con ngirdi, Nxb Van hda
thong tin Ha Ndi
35 Nguyin Dinh Phue (2002), Cdn
mdi mdt tinh thuong, Nxb Hai Phdng
36 P V (1997), - c a n lam sang td
hien tugng nha ngoai cam Nguyen Van Lien
a huyen Tir Ky Hai Duong"" Bdo An ninh
Hai Phdng S l 253 (ngay 20-8/25-8-1997)
va So 254 (ngay 26-8/2-9-1997) tr I 8
37 P.V (2000a) "Nhirng trd bjp
mdi thdng qua "dich vu tim md Met sy"
Bdo An ninh the gidi Sd 206 ngay
7/12/2000 tr 1 4 5
38 P.V (2000b) "Cd mot dich vu
\ong hon"" (4 ky) Thdi bdo kinh ti Viet
Xam Sl 111 ngay 15/9/2000 tr 11
39 Hoang Anh Sudng (2007), Cdu
chuyen ciia nhd ngogi cam - Thien phdng sir
ddc sdc Nxb Hdi nha van Ha Ndi
40 Khai Thien (2007), Thugng tga
Thich Thanh Due: "Ngogi cam" khdng ndi
chuyen vdi hon, tren trang
VV WW.vietimes.eom.vn (truy cap ngay
5/10/2007)
41 Hoang Ba Thinh (2007), "Vai net
vl ddi sdng van hda tam linh eu dan van
do"" Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc Sd 3, tr 15-21
42 Viet Tien (2007), Dd Kien Cudng: chien binh "quet sgch " ngogi cdm gid danh,
tren trang wwvv.vietimes.eom.vn (truy cap ngay 8/10/2007)
43 Ngge TrAn (1994), "Nhirng liet sy
d ngue Chin Ham" Bdo Thdng tin ciru chien hinh {\2/]994).tr 4
44 Trung tam Nghien ciru tiem nang
eon ngudi (TTNCTNCN) (2001), Bdo cdo ndi dung, ket qud nghien cim, ket ludn vd kien nghi: "De tdi khoa hgc cdng nghe TK
05 " - Nghien ciru tim md bdng phuong phdp ddc biet Ha Ndi
45 Trung tam Nghien cuu tiem nang
con ngudi (2003) Kyyiu hdi thdo khoa hgc Idn thir II ve cdc kha ndng tiem dn cua con ngirdi, Ha Ndi
46 Trung tam Nghien ciru tiem nang
eon ngudi (2003) Bdo cdo tdng kit di tdi: Budc ddu nghien cim mdt sd khd ndng ddc biet cua con ngirdi Ha Ndi
47 TTCCB (2000), "Sir that v l mdt sd
trudng hgp lira ddi ciia mky "nha ngoai cam"" Chuyen muc CCB hdi - CCB tra ldi, Bdo Thdng tin Cim chiin binh, Sd 84,
(7/2000) tr 29-32
48 Nguyen Anh TuAn (2007), "Hanh trinh ky la di tim md cu Nguyen Van Td",
Bdo An ninh thu dd, Sd 2089 (31/7/2007), tr
11; Sd 141 (29/7/2007), tr 23; Sd 2088 (30/7/2007), tr 11
49 T.V (2007), Nhd nhd ngogi cdm xde dpih danh tinh 47 liet sy, tren trang
www.ca.eand.eom.vn (truy cap ngay 23/8/2007)