Faculty management model at universities of VN in the spirit of autonomy and accountability

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Innovation in teachers’ methods of instructing learmers in

practicing parts in order to form the habit and skill of self-study for college students in Vietnam

Nguyen, Duc - Thanh(Ha Noi University of Education)

Hoang, Thi- Kim Huyen(Ha Noi Pedagogical University No.2)

: FACULTY MANAGEMENT MODEL AT UNIVERSITIES OF

VIETNAM IN THE SPIRIT OF AUTONOMY AND ACCOUNTABILITY

Pham, Van Thuan(Vietnam National University, Hanoi)

Intermission (10 minutes) -

: Vocational Orientation in Secondary Schools in Vietnam

Dr Nguyễn Phúc Chỉnh (College of Education — ThaiNguyen Universiy Vietnam)

A study of cognition in emotional reaction and visualized symbols

LTSEN LiU(ndustrial Technology Educational Department

National Kaohsiung Normal University)

CHUNG-SHAN SUM Industrial Technology Educational Department National Kaohsiung Normal University)

The experimental research of technology education curriculum within Interactive Electronic Whiteboard Wen-Jiuh Chiang, Chih-chia Chen, Chia-chien Teng

(Department of Industrial Technology [Education National Kaohsiung Normal University)

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FACULTY MANAGEMENT MODEL AT

UNIVERSITIES OF VIETNAM

IN THE SPIRIT OF AUTONOMY AND

ACCOUNTABILITY

Pham, Van Thuan

Vietnam National University, Hanoi

Problem statement

According to the project of innovation in education of Vietnam in the stage of

2006-2020, //] one of the most important content and solutions to educational

innovation is to innovate education in the spirit of increasing autonomy and

accountability and enhancing competition capacity of university and of the whole

svstem Defining clearly functions, missions of Government management on

education and innovating university-level management in the direction: university

has the right of autonomy in training, doing scientific researches, personnel,

finance, international relationship; authority of making decisions is focused at

university level to increase its competition capacity To carry out the road of the

above project in the middle of October, 2007, the Minister of Education and

Training has signed a decision of autonomy and accountability for 10 universities

Personnel in universities include scientific staffs (lectures, researchers);

management and administration staffs also play key roles in improving the quality

of training Therefore, enhancing lecturer management is the top strategic goal in

innovation in higher education and in improving quality of training

1 Some rights of autonomy and accountability of Vietnamese

universities

For Vietnamese universities, Article 60 of Law of Education 2005 has

prescribed the areas of autonomy and accountability of colleges and universities

as follows:

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-1 Building curriculums, textbooks, teaching and learning plans of training

areas;

2 Building enrollment criteria, organizing enrollment and training process, recognizing graduates and awarding degrees;

3 Organizing apparatus of university, enrollment, management, using, treating teachers and staff:

Mobilizing, managing, using resources;

Cooperating with economic, educational, cultural, sport, medical and scientific research organizations in and outside the country prescribed by

the Government

When the context has changed and management mechanism changed into

socialist-oriented market mechanism, universities must to deal with so many challenges and opportunities not as planned In this case, a university with given autonomy will have capacity to deal with new context and self adjustment to meet

the needs of its own development quickly as well as the need of the Government, society and learners timely Autonomy is the necessary condition to help universities in training and disseminating knowledge ; because universities have

to bar the way — go first, accept risks- find to foresee the events and have initiatives to satisfy the need of society

Autonomy and accountability is two paralleled and un-separated faces: Without separated self control means without accountability and vice versa Democracy

goes with laws, rights connect closely with duty

In the education system of Vietnam, only two national universities have been handed over high autonomy in comparison with other training bases in training, scientific research, organizing, scientific research, personnel, finance and

expanding international relations

for all management level, avoiding the situation of sending official document 04

the senior level in the uncreative way of “asking and giving” Autonomy ¢ a *

ne

mechanism includes the content of initiative in building strategic developmef

orientation, the road and suitable steps for the potentials and the real situatio

its organization

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-2 Necessity of enhancing the right of autonomy and accountability

of Vietnamese universities

2.1 The right of autonomy and accountability of universities has

become an international trend

In the experiences of developed countries (OEDC), to manage higher education

system, central and local hierarchic management models are different, however in

general, most of countries has their “light above” and “serious below” ways of

authority division, it means to focus on authority of making decision at the

university-department-subject-lecturer level (as in the picture below) // 07 In

which, university council is a functional one and responsible for university

administration Procedures of making decision combine 3 models of “association”,

“administration” and “enterprise”, depending on types of universities (public or

private)

According to Burton Clark, higher education in developed countries often has

the division of authority of making decision including:

- Government/Ministry of areas

- University/Board of Rectors

- Department/Subject/Lecturers

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-Table 1: Models of authority division in higher education

Level A B Cc D E

a/ Governmment/Ministry

b/University

1

c/ epartment/ Subject

Vietnam among

Resource: [Burton Clark, 1983]

According to the analysis of higher education researchers, is it right that to enhance “autonomy” for universities is to transfer authority division from E to D?

2.2 Managing lecturers in the spirit of autonomy and accountability

suitable for the characters of lecturers in modern higher

education

Training and doing research in a university are lecturers’ activities Depending

on their own missions, they will have the specific activities at universities, contributing positively to the general development of university It can be said

that: the power of a university firstly roots from the individual’s strength on the

basic of a will and determination of building a strong university

If we see training, doing research and serving society are responsibilities of an

university, mission of teaching, doing research and serving society are of lecturers

Lecturers at university, besides general missions of an officer, thev also have the

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main mission of teaching (education and training in the large meaning), doing

research and serving society These activities have their own characters, different

from usual activities of a usual officer as follows:

+ Can and also can not control administratively For example: assigning teaching, advising graduates, internship, and field trip according to date, hour, and controlled quantity However, making lesson plan is difficult to control

+ Effectiveness of these activities is defined via quality of teaching and doing researches It is difficult to define these contents quantitatively

+ This activity is affected by many factors, in which inner capacity; positive, self-conscious and passive factors in improving quality play important roles These factors need to have favorable environment to maintain This environment

is created from combining closely administration, finance and spirit in which stimulating prestige, honour is very important

These characters of teaching activity require management, improvement and

development to have its own features, combining closely administration, finance and spirit In which, quality is the most interest, effectiveness of creating

favorable environment is better than managing rigidly in term of administration

3 Proposing lecturer management model of Vietnamese

universities in the spirit of autonomy and accountability

In the situation of innovation in higher education of Vietnam, the staff pressure

is due to the increase in the quantity of learners, responsibility requirements, role

of universities in society economy and the impact of new educational technology Advantages and disadvantages in the process of educational innovation in the spirit of autonomy and accountability as follows:

Firstly, universities now are not subsidized completely as before, enhancing autonomy and accountability for universities is suitable for the development of market mechanism of society mechanism, education should be socialized,

standardized and modernized Therefore, power and controlled areas of Government are limited Universities should be dynamic to create favorable operating mechanism to increase additional income for university activities

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-Secondly, each university has its own mission which rules the whole activities

of university, responsibility and right of each department are defined clearly, not

overlapped

Thirdly, university performs autonomy of academic, curriculum, training texts,

human resource and finance Therefore, autonomy and accountability should be

at the time of building strategy and university development plan to carry out

specific tasks

Fourthly, accordance with autonomy, university has to face with quality assurance, issues related to expenses, training curriculum, human resources If these universities want to exist and develop, and they have to apply the standards

of quality assurance, evaluate performance management periodically Ensuring the principle of “training must be suitable for the need of society” to create diversified products with appropriate quality, meet all the demands of labour

force market as well as the laws of value and competition of market economy This is responsible to the Government and related interest groups of university

Fifthly, university has to take responsibility for its products (human resources for society development, scientific and technological products and services ) to

the society Therefore, lecturers and university have to be responsible for their

products of training, scientific researches and serving public This means that human resource trained by university must meet the demands of labour force market; graduates should have suitable jobs of their major training areas To gain

this, in the great change of science and technology social-economic development,

training curriculum should be developed increasingly, each lecturer has to advance and update their new and professional knowledge to stand steady on their

legs This is the condition to make lecturers self authorized and self responsible

for their jobs to students, university as well as society

Finally, universities have to change their traditional training approaches to credit curriculum This is a good condition for lecturers and students to be self authorized and self responsible strongly to universities

In short, Government should have a mechanism for universities enjoying their

autonomy and sanctions to force them to be responsible for their products Enhancing autonomy and accountability for universities does not mean that universities have the entire right of operating without the controlling and

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-interfering from the government It is to connect more closely the combination of

impact of authorized government and authority of universities under the control

of other related interest groups In which, government will draw out from direct management of higher education bases but give out new approaches to control

universities’ responsibilities via management mechanism including financial

areas such as finance, human resources, training and recognition of product’s

quality Higher education bases have to try to meet the criteria of funding and performance regulations, and also have to affirm their trade marks in society Therefore, with other management activities, lecturer management in

Vietnamese universities has to carry out a mechanism which is suitable for management mechanism such as planning staff, recruitment, usage, evaluating,

improving and dismissing in the spirit of autonomy and accountability to catch

the development of higher education of countries in the region and in the world and aiso suitable for the context of Vietnam

On the basic of the above reason of argument and reality, and total human

resource management /7/, the spirit of human resource management /5/ and spirit

of autonomy and accountability of universities, lecturer management in universities of Vietnam in the spirit of autonomy and accountability can be generalized via models including components in the following figure:

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-Figure 1: Lecturer management model in Vietnamese universities in the

spirit of autonomy and accountability

Recruitment, usage

Treatment

Served

objects

(Customers)

Lecturer

developmen

Firstly, environment and development plans of universities (pyramid): show stakeholders including 4 objects: university, culture, lecturer and customers (students, students’ parents, employers )

Secondly, activities (function) of lecturer management (4 major activities: recruitment, usage, evaluating, selecting, treatment policies, lecturer development)

Thirdly, information system connecting lecturers (arrows)

In conclusion

Lecturer management in the spirit of autonomy and accountability is the

indispensable general trend of higher education, suitable for the stage of

developing and integrating into the higher education of the region and in the world in the context of Vietnam joining in WTO With the point of view that

universities have to develop humanity and the process of democratizing training, management activities is the major trend of university management in general,

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