OPINIONS BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS ON DORMS’ QUALITY

So as to find out more about the different feeling among HANU students, especially between two genders male and female, toward its dorms’ quality, we have conducted a small survey direct

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HANOI UNIVERSITY

FALCUTY OF MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM

OPINIONS BETWEEN MALE AND

FEMALE STUDENTS ON DORMS’

QUALITY

Lecturer: Trinh Thi Ngoc Lan

Tutorial: TUT2 – TR16 (9.30am – 11am Tuesday)

Gr Members: Le Huu Dan - 1606090016

Hoang Thi Khanh Linh - 1606090050Nguyen Thi Hong Ngat - 1606090059Nguyen Thu Trang - 1606090090Phi Thi Lan Huong - 1606090100Duong Hong Hanh - 1406090023Dang Tieu Hong - 1406090029Tran Nguyen Quynh Phuong – 1406090067

Hanoi, 4 th May 2018

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TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com

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University dormitories’ quality has become one of the most noticeable issues in recent years.

It has been proved that living in dormitories might have a positive effect on personal and social development skills of students (Flower, 2004) However, in Vietnam, according to Nhan Dan online newspaper, the number of campus room only meets 17% all students’

demand (Son, 2011) Despite the low quality of facilities, cleanliness and electricity system, a

great amount of students have no choice but to stay in dormitories.

This report is conducted among Hanoi University students who stay on campus to ascertain their opinion on HANU dormitory quality We have conducted a small survey to collect data and later on analyzed by using statistical methods All in all, we can conclude that both male and female HANU students have positive perspective about the current situation of their accommodation There are still some recommendations we conclude from the research in order to improve students’ living condition in Hanoi University campus.

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Table of Contents

I INTRODUCTION 1

II RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1

1 Population and Sample 1

2 Questionnaire Design 1

3 Sampling Method 2

4 Sample size 2

5 Data Collection 2

6 Data Processing 3

7 Significance Level of Test 3

III DESCRIPTIVE RESULTS AND FINDINGS 3

IV RESULTS AND FINDINGS OF THE HYPOTHESIS TEST 11

1 Assumptions 11

2 Hypothesis Testing Procedure 12

3 Discussions 13

V PROJECT EVALUATION 13

1 Limitation 13

2 Implication 14

VI CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14

REFERENCE 15

APPENDIX A - PROJECT BONUS MARK FORM 16

APPENDIX B - QUESTIONAIRE 17

APPENDIX C - QUESTIONNAIRE RESULT (FOR THE SAMPLE) 19

APPENDIX D - LIST OF RESPONDENTS (SAMPLE) 21

APPENDIX E - R CODE AND OUTPUT 28

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Respondents’ Studying Program at HANU 4

Figure 2 The Proportion of Respondents’ Gender 4

Figure 3 Respondents’ Current Occupation Length of Time 5

Figure 4 Respondents’ Accommodation Monthly Expenditure 6

Figure 5 Student’s Satisfaction Perspective on HANU Dormitory 7

Figure 6 Factors Contributing To Students’ Satisfaction on HANU Dorm 8

Figure 7 Factors Leading To Students’ Dissatisfaction on HANU Dorm 9

Figure 8 HANU Students’ Intention to Change Accommodation 10

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I INTRODUCTION

For many students studying far away from their home, dormitories have become thefirst choice of accommodations due to its cost and time effectiveness Understandingthe demand of students, nowadays, most universities and colleges offer this type ofaccommodations as one of their services on campus, and Hanoi University is not anexception More than a simple accommodation, its dormitories are now well-equippedwith the aim of creating such a memorable student life during four years studying

However, the quality of dorms in the eyes of each person is not the same, some are totally satisfied, some not So as to find out more about the different feeling among HANU students, especially between two genders male and female, toward its dorms’ quality, we have conducted a small survey directly on the campus and at the dorms, some are delivered online Based on the data collected, we use two methods as leant on Probability and Statistics subject to have a more inclusive and multi-dimensional views about the topic given In details, we mostly process Descriptive Method to illustrate data on graph and chart, which shows the more outstanding options in each dimension Meanwhile, we use Inferential Method to test our initial

hypothesis “There is a difference in satisfaction between male and female students towards

living in dorm” Although the sample size is quite small, but it is large and specific

enough for us to analysis and test, then draw some meaningful conclusions

II RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1 Population and Sample

Our topic is about opinion between male and female HANU students on dorm’s services Therefore, all HANU students living in HANU dorms are our population, from which we randomly pick up 196 students (94 male and 102 female) to gather data for further analysis.

2 Questionnaire Design

The questionnaire includes 10 questions in total, which are designed closely to thingsaround living in dormitories From the true daily experience, students are expected togive the most real responds reflecting their own feeling

In particular, the first four questions in our survey aims at getting personal information of respondents The next six questions asking specifically about their dorm’s life and conditions, including the length of time living, the monthly expenditure, and option of “satisfied” or

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“dissatisfied” with the dorms After that, we also note down some reasons for why theychoose the answer in the previous question Options in this question are not limited,the respondents are even welcomed to fill in with their own ideals Last but not least,

we mention about their intention of moving out with two options “Yes” and “No”

All of the questions designed on quick survey are tied to the purpose and assumption

of the report to get the most realistic and meaningful results for our evaluation

3 Sampling Method

In fact, Hanoi University have built such many dormitories for students to convenientlysettle in that the population (total number of students living in) is quiet large On thescope of this research, we only choose randomly some of them to collect data,following random sampling method and analyze the representative sample

5 Data Collection

Data for this report is gathered in two different ways In the first way, our team members directly approach and invite students on dorm to fill in questionnaire by writing down All information is then transferred into an Excel file carefully Due to time limitation, we also spread online survey on Facebook groups which are popular and visited daily by HANU students All what respondents need to do is click on the Googledoc link and spend some minutes importing answers through their hand phones or computers In this way, information is automatically received and keyed in on Google form me Finally, we combine the two excel files into one only and start analyze by using formulation available on Excel.

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6 Data Processing

Since most of the questionnaires are done by directly approaching to students on dorms, we have to double check all the answers that our team members have keyed in to ensure that there is no error happening Meanwhile, there are still some misunderstandings when students read the questions online That is the reason why at the same time, we repeatedly check other data automatically keyed in on Googledoc before putting the two information resource into one file Excel only By this way, we can simplify calculation, minimize mistakes or the odd ones and have a clearer observation on sample.

Regardless of questions about name and student ID which require respondents to write by themselves, the other eight questions in the survey generally are qualitative data and follow nominal measurement Therefore, the ways of analyzing them are quite similar.

Firstly, we divide all the responses into two distinguish Excel files of two genders as the purpose of this survey is to compare the difference between male and female students towards the dorms Secondly, we take advantage of Excel’s function – COUNTIF – to draw the exactly numbers on single options Then, it is much easier to transfer these numbers into proportion for later usage, especially when drawing illustration through charts.

This practice is also the base for us when considering question 7 related to two genders’ satisfaction on dorms In details, from each proportion falling on Yes/No, we can get the p-value to use for testing our hypothesis All of the data processed above can be seen on Appendix C.

7 Significance Level of Test

Before running the survey, we have already supposed the hypothesis that there is a difference

in male and female students’ attitude toward the dorm As a matter of practical convenience

as well as based on what we have learnt on Statistics subject, probability levels of 5% (0.05)

is chosen to decide we should reject the null hypothesis or not.

III DESCRIPTIVE RESULTS AND FINDINGS

To gather general information of our sample, we ask respondents two questions about their current studying program and gender The results are shown in details in two pie charts below:

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Question 3 Please indicate your studying program

54%

46%

English-medium Bachelor's Program Foreign Language Degree Program

Figure 1 Respondents’ Studying Program at HANU

The pie chart illustrates the proportion of two studying programs in which respondentsare following It can be clearly seen that the percentage of these two courses isrelatively the same Foreign language students make up slightly more than half ofrespondents, with 54% Meanwhile, English-medium bachelor’s program students are8% less than the other category and account for 46%

Question 4 Please indicate your gender

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The pie chart describes the percentage of both male and female students who got involved in our questionnaire Generally, despite the huge difference in gender in HANU, we successfully engage the same number of male and female students However, the proportion of girls who participated in our survey is slightly greater than that of boys, accounting for 52% With just 4% less than the other category, male students make up 48% of the total respondents.

Question 5 How long have you lived in HANU's Dorm?

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0

Less than 6 months 6 months - Less 1 year - Less than 1 1 year and a half - 2 years or more

than 1 year year and a half Less than 2 years

Male Female

Figure 3 Respondents’ Current Occupation Length of Time

The bar chart describes how long HANU’s student have been living in HANU dormitories We divide the time into five typical groups As can be seen in the bar chart, block 2 (6 months –

Less than 1 year) accounts for the highest number with 37 responses of male students and 39 ones of female students In this block of time, the percentage among male and female those are living in HANU’s dormitoriy are relatively similar.

In contrast, the number of students living in dormitory for 2 years or more in bothgenger is quite low with 3 and 14 in boys and girls respectively Particularly, thenumber of male student equals only one - fifth of that of female students On the otherhand, boys do not tend to choose dormitory as their long-term accommodation

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In the block 1, the number of female students staying in dormitory for less than 6 months is

aproximately twice as that of male students In contrast, in the block 3, the number of male

students is much higher than that of female students It seems to be that 1 year to less than

1,5 years is the only period of time that boys prefer to remain in HANU’s dormitory than girls.

In the block 4, two genders share exactly the same number in time from 1,5 years to

less than 2 years in dormitory with 11 reponses in each

Question 6 How much money do you spend

on your dorm per month?

0 2,000,000VND or more 8

4 1,500,000VND - Less than 2,000,000VND 3

10 1,000,000VND - Less than 1,500,000VND 25

Figure 4 Respondents’ Accommodation Monthly Expenditure

The bar chart illustrates how much HANU students spend on their room each month In

general, HANU students’ monthly expenditure on dormitory is mostly 1.5 million or less It is

obvious from the bar chart that the category “Less than 1,000,000 VND” accounts for the

biggest proportion in both female and male category, with 63 and 45 respondents respectively

and 108 students in total The second largest number belongs to the amount of 1-1.5 million,

which is much less than that of the highest proportion, making up 60 respondents in total.

“1.5-2 millions” ranks lies at the third position with only 13 students choosing this option,

followed by “2 millions or more”, making up by 12 respondents in total Regarding the gender,

the way male and female HANU students spend money on their accommodation is relatively

the same There is generally no difference in those categories.

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Question 7 Are you satisfied with dorm's quality at

HANU?

No34%

Yes66%

Figure 5 Student’s Satisfaction Perspective on HANU Dormitory

The pie chart shows how male and female students access their experience withaccommodation in Hanoi University Overall, dorm quality seems to live up to HANU-ers’ expectation when two-thirds of respondents (130 among 196 people) say “Yes”.Making up 34%, the others believe that they do not have a good experience whileliving in our campus, with 66 among 196 respondents ticked “No”

Regarding the relationship between gender and satisfaction, boys’ attitude toward dorm condition is slightly more positive than girls, with respectively 70 and 60 state that they are pleased with current room on HANU campus Similarly, the number of girls who show their negative perspective is twice as many as boys, with 42 and 24 respondents respectively.

In order to take a closer look at the factors influencing students’ experience in HANU dormitory, we designed the other two questions

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Question 8 Why are you satisfied

Figure 6 Factors Contributing To Students’ Satisfaction on HANU Dorm

The stacked bar chart describes the difference in two genders regarding the reason why they

feel pleased when living in such accommodation In general, as the number of boys who are

happy living in campus is greater than girls, boys seem to account for higher proportion in

almost all factors Moreover, boys and girls can be seen to share relatively similar opinions

about these factors’ degree of importance, giving the same ranking of those five options.

The two most concerned factors are proximity and reasonable price, with 92 and 83 respondents

choose these criteria respectively It means that they find living on campus easier and more

convenient to go to class, take a bus or go shopping every day In addition, the living fee is also

quite comfortable to students Following closely are two factors: accessibility to on-campus

facilities/ amenities and security, with the similar number of 71 and 70 respondents respectively.

Raking at the last places, comfortable living space and cleanliness are also among some reasons

contributing to students’ satisfaction, making up 61 and 25 respondents respectively.

There is a slight different in the choice of satisfaction criteria between boys and girls

mostly in four factors: Proximity, Reasonable price, Accessibility and Living space

Girls seem to care more and are happier about their dorms’ living space and security,

meanwhile boys account for greater proportion in the other factors

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We also try to figure out the reasons why some students find it uncomfortable while living on

HANU campus by asking:

Question 9 Why are you dissatisfied

with your dorm?

60

Female50

Male40

Figure 7 Factors Leading To Students’ Dissatisfaction on HANU Dorm

The bar chart gives information about the reason why students are displeased about their accommodation in HANU dorm, which is given detail in male and female respondents It can

be clearly seen that the number of girl answering this question is relatively higher than that of boys Overall, both two genders have similarity in choosing these options, leading to the ranking of Facility as the most concerned criteria (with 48 people choosing this option) while Privacy is the least one (with only 13 respondents in total).

The majority of girls (31 respondents) states their dissatisfaction in dorms’ Facility (elevator, TV,

electricity systems, Wifi / Internet speed, etc.) and Roommate issues (noise, cleanliness, etc.), with the number of 19 and 17 respondents respectively Meanwhile, boys care about Facility, and also

Opening and closing time of dormitory, with 17 and 15 respondents respectively Both male and

female students share the same opinion in the Administration factor (no raising pets, no cooking,

etc.), giving the number of 8 in each gender Slightly greater than

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the least, Price is also one of the criteria that contribute to the students’

dissatisfaction, having 20 and 5 respondents for male and female respectively

Moreover, one respondent raised her voice about the serious cleanliness issue with

the noticeable number of mouse, making her scared and annoyed

After studying about students’ dissatisfaction reasons, we asked them Question 10

Do you want to move out? in order to know how many of them would like to change

their type of accommodation in the near future

Question 10 Do you want to move out?

Female

Figure 8 HANU Students’ Intention to Change Accommodation

The bar chart shows the number of respondents who have demand for moving to

another accommodation In general, the majority of students have no intention of

changing their current dormitory room

The number of student who wants to stick with their accommodation option is twice

as much as that of people who ticked “No”, with 136 and 60 respondents in total

respectively The high number of people who tend to keep staying in dorm is related

to the proportion of satisfaction in the previous questions, which is 66% in total

It can be clearly seen that boys have a lower tendency of giving up living in HANU dorm, with the

number of male student who chose “No” is four times higher than that of “Yes” option, with 72 and

22 respondents respectively For female students, there are slightly fewer girl who want to change

their room than the ones who do not, making up 38 and 64 respondents respectively.

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IV RESULTS AND FINDINGS OF THE HYPOTHESIS TEST

To test the hypothesis “There is a difference in satisfaction between male and female students

towards living in dorm”, this following question is designed to gather data serving for testing:

Are you satisfied with the Dormitory’s services in HANU?

Based on collected data (qualitative type) and the aim of the research (testing the different attitudes between two genders), we decide to use the method of testing the difference between two population proportions by p-value approach Specifically, the parameters of interest are the

1 2

p and p , point estimators of these parameters are 1, 2 respectively

1 Assumptions

Independent Simple Random Samples

We select a simple random sample of 94 students from the population 1 (male students) and a simple random sample of 102 students from the population 2 (female students) There is no relationship between male and female samples, therefore, the distribution of outcomes in the sample of boys does not affect to the distribution of outcomes in the sample of girls.

Population Follow Binomial Distribution

The experiment, on either boys or girls, consists of 94 or 102 identical trials respectively, each trial relates to the choices of each student

Two outcomes are possible for each trial: Yes or No We can designate

“YES” as success and “NO” as failure

The probability of “YES” and the probability of “NO” are the same for each trial, with p = 0.5 and 1 - p = 0.5

The trials or choices are independent because the outcome on any one trial is not

affected by what happen on other trials or choices

The Sample Sizes In Two Samples Are Large Enough

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2 Hypothesis Testing Procedure Calculated By Hand

When we want to check whether two proportions are different, the two-tailed test is appropriate.

Step 1: Identify the null and alternative hypotheses

Step 4: Test statistic

The sample data previously collected showed 1 = 0.745 for n1 = 94 and 2 = 0.588 for n2 = 102

We continue by computing the pooled estimate of p

Step 5: Comparing Results

In computing the p-value for this two-tailed test, we firstly note that z = 2.33 is in the

upper tail of the standard normal distribution Using z = 2.33 and the standard normal

distribution table, we find the area in the upper tail is 1.000 - 0.9901 = 0.0099

Doubling this area for a two-tailed test, we find the p-value = 2*(0.0099) = 0.0198

With the p-value is less than α=0.05, Ho is rejected at α=0.05 level of significant

Step 6: Conclusion

Therefore, there is enough evidence to conclude that the satisfaction rates on dorm’s

quality are different between male and female HANU students

Using Rstudio

When we want to check whether two proportions are different, the two-tailed test is appropriate.

These are the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis:

Ho: p1 - p2 = 0

Ha: p1 - p2 ≠ 0Rejection rule: Reject Ho if p-value < α (p-value < 0.05)

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We apply for R software to find out the answer And the result we achieve is:

Method: 2-sample test for equality of proportions

without continuity correction

Data: c(70, 60) out of c(94, 102)

X-squared = 5.360722,

Parameter: p-value = 0.02059

alternative hypothesis: two.sided

95 percent confidence interval:

After conducting the test, it is obvious from the result that there is absolutely a different

between two genders in term of satisfaction The male students are more likely to satisfy in dormitories’ quality at HANU than the female are It seems reasonable due to the fact that there is a significant difference between personality of boy and girl From the research carried out by psychologist Del Giudice (2009) while male students tend to be easygoing and have higher tolerance, the female ones are considered to be picky, sensitive and have lower

tolerance This also explain why there is rarely a case that HANU male student dissatisfy with their roommates, which is in contrast a big concern of HANU girls.

V PROJECT EVALUATION

1 Limitation

The aim of this research is to clarify the opinions of two genders - male and female – in satisfaction as well as provide some interesting facts about the relationship between the genders of the students in regard of their satisfaction while living on dorms.

However, the results presented above are by no means capable of covering all the perspectives of the issue, due to the mere fact that the information was collected from only a small number of participants compared to the total HANU students This limited scale of students somehow affected the results’ accuracy and reliability Moreover, we could not warrant for 100 percent that all the respondents were totally trustful with their answers There might be other options bearing on their mind, but due to the limitation of time or other factors, they simply ticked on available options instead of adding their own feelings.

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2 Implication

In this project, the relationship between the two student genders and the level of satisfaction

on Hanoi University’s dormitory has been apparently shown According to the collected data and the result of hypothesis test, some implications were made It is clearly seen from the survey that most of the attendants are satisfied by the price, the proximity and the accessibility

of the dormitory; however, the remarkable point of the project is that more than 70% of male students say “Yes” about the satisfaction question, meanwhile, this proportion of the female ones constitute just more than 50% of the whole In other words, the difference between the sexes affects significantly to their attitude toward the university’s dormitory services.

With the high rate of satisfaction, the male students tend to be more stable in remaining their accommodation because they easily accept the current living condition, which is totally different when compared to their counterpart who are modestly not delighted with dormitory services and tend to find other places to meet their needs.

VI CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

All in all, this assumption derives from the survey’s findings, indicating that the majority of HANU students are satisfied with the quality of HANU dormitory However, the number of male students who express their satisfaction is relatively higher than that of female respondents, it attributes to men’s preference of simple, adaptable and less complex lifestyle In this paper, we have found out the main reason that leads to disappointment is the lack of facilities such as television, internet connection or so Therefore, we offered some following recommendations.

First of all, the facilities should be upgraded to fulfill students’ need as well as worth their great expenditure on dormitory each month Moreover, internet system should be improved as students rely on internet not only for working, studying but also entertaining and keeping in touch with relatives Electricity stability is one of the most important factors that contribute to their experience in HANU dormitory, which also requires more attention and development.

In the future, we hope that there will be more researches about this topic with the aim

of making HANU’s dormitory an ideal place to live

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