UNDERSTANDING THE NATIONAL POLICY TOBACCO HARM PREVENTION AND CONTROL

About Policy ProblemLow quality labor, mainly agricultural and rural workers, has not metdevelopment requirements: Labor supply in Vietnam is always a seriousshortage of high-skilled wor

Hanoi University

Km 9 Nguyen Trai Road, Nam Tu Liem District, Hanoi,Vietnam Telephone:

(84-24) 38544338, E-mail: hanu@hanu.edu.vn, Website: www.hanu.edu.vn

Student name : 1 Vu Thi Phuong Anh

Class : 5Q-20

Subject : Introduction to Public Policy

Lecturer : Assoc Prof Dr Do Phu Hai

Name of research paper : Understanding The National Policy Tobacco

Harm Prevention And Control

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HANOI UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

The Doi Moi, which took place in 1986 in Vietnam, signaled the transition from a centrally planned and subsidized economy to a multi-sector commodity economy based on the market mechanism and managed by the government This rapid development, however, necessitates additional reform in all parts of society With two socio-economic growth plans, this has opened the way for Vietnam's time of deep international integration (2001-2020) The first step is to ensure that the conditions

"wealthy people, a strong country, and a just and civilized society" are met The Government has given high attention to policies on employment, housing, and the country's socio-economic growth strategy, with the slogan and viewpoint of "settling down and having a successful job." The "policy of preventing the danger of unemployment," with the purpose of limiting the risk of unemployment, is one of the economic policies aimed at redirecting productive labor that is primarily taken into account by governments, policymakers, and stakeholders Maximize worker unemployment, handle the country's industrialisation and modernisation, and progress toward socialism.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ……… 4

I Introduction ……… 6

II Discussion of findings ……… 7

1 Policy Problems ……… 7

2 Policy Objectives ……… 8

3 Policy Solutions ……… 10

4 Policy Actors ……… 14

5 Policy Instruments ……… 16

6 Policy Implementation ……… 17

7 Policy Evalutions ……… 20

III Conclusion ……… 27

REFERENCES ……… 29

I Introduction

Vietnam is undergoing industrialization and modernization, and we are steadilyinventing to enhance people's material and spiritual lives, particularly those of theworking class During our country's current renovation process, we are confronted with

a number of social issues that concern the Party, the State, and the entire population,such as social evils, population problems, and enhancing people's living standards The topic of unemployment and job creation programs is a hot and "no less pressing"one that is of current relevance to society It also aids in the simultaneous resolution of

a number of social issues Because unemployment increases the number of unemployedpeople, it is linked to a rise in social evils like gambling and stealing eroding healthylifestyles can lead to the breakdown of many traditional relationships, resulting inpsychological harm and a loss of trust among many people In this study, we will look

at the causes of unemployment as well as the strategies of the party and the government

in terms of job creation, social stability, and long-term economic development Thispaper will highlight, explain, and evaluate each stage of the Prevention and Control ofTobacco Harms ground on the following steps: (1) policy problem, (2) policyobjective, (3) policy solution, (4) policy actors, (5) policy instruments, (6) policyimplementation, and (7) policy evaluation

Table 1 A five-stage model of the policy cycle

Phrase of applied problem solving Stage in the policy cycle

Source: M Howlett and M Ramesh, Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles and

Policy Subsystems (Toronto: Oxford University Pres, 2003).

II Discussion

1 About Policy Problem

Low quality labor, mainly agricultural and rural workers, has not metdevelopment requirements: Labor supply in Vietnam is always a seriousshortage of high-skilled workers , workers in some service industries (banking,finance, information and telecommunications, tourism…) and new industries.The percentage of workers with vocational training is still low, skills, skills,physical strength and industrial working style are still weak, so thecompetitiveness is low

The physical condition of Vietnamese workers is poor on average, both in terms

of height, weight as well as endurance, flexibility, not meeting the workingintensity and requirements in using machinery and equipment according tointernational standards The labor discipline of the Vietnamese people ingeneral has not met the requirements set forth by the industrial productionprocess A large part of workers have not been trained in industrial labordiscipline The majority of laborers come from rural areas, agriculture, bearingheavy production style of a small-scale agriculture, arbitrary in terms of timeand behavior Employees are not equipped with knowledge and skills to work ingroups, are not able to cooperate and take risks, are afraid to promoteinitiatives and share work experiences

After a period of time when the Covid-19 epidemic had a heavy impact on ourcountry's economy and society, from October 2021 to now, the epidemic hasbeen basically controlled thanks to the consensus of the Party, Government atall levels and people localities as well as the best efforts of the health sector Astate of "new normal" has been established across the country one by one.Enterprises immediately resumed production and business activities to repaybacklogged orders and take advantage of the increase in

consumer demand during the holidays and Tet holidays to regain growthmomentum.

However, according to a report by the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and SocialAffairs, a survey of nearly 23,000 businesses nationwide showed that up to17.8% of enterprises had a labor shortage

(36.9%); Binh Phuoc (34.4%) and Ho Chi Minh City (31.8%) and

appear in labor-intensive occupations, strengths of the southern key

economic region such as: Electronics (55, 6%), leather and footwear

(44.5%), textile (39.5%)

Meanwhile, in some other provinces and cities, there is a labor surplus.According to statistics from Ha Tinh Province's Department of Labor, Invalidsand Social Affairs, from the beginning of 2021 up to now, nearly 24,000 workershave returned from epidemic areas, but the recruitment demand of businesses

in the area is only limited is more than 3,000 employees

Similarly in Nghe An, since the beginning of the year, more than 66,000 workershave returned to the locality Currently, there are more than 45,000 workerslooking for work, but the labor demand of enterprises in the province is only onethird of that

The main cause of this disruption of labor supply and demand is the massivemovement of migrant workers in industrial parks and export processing zonesreturning to their hometowns to avoid the epidemic but have not been able toreturn to work On-site workers have not met the requirements of epidemicprevention

Another reason is that a part of workers choose to stay in their

hometown to look for work, switch to other jobs that they think are more suitablefor their conditions, or even leave the labor market.

2 About Policy Objective

Balancing local supply - demand The increasingly strong trend of integrationand application of science and technology will change the labor market,specifically, there will be many traditional/manual occupations and jobs Theloss will mean that workers in other countries will lose a lot of jobs and jobopportunities, but it also opens up opportunities for the emergence of many newoccupations and jobs that require less labor and high quality of labor move at ahigher and higher level For Vietnam, a country with limited starting point,background and qualifications (technology, human resources, etc.), the labormarket will face many challenges such as: Abundant and cheap labor resourceswill is no longer a factor creating competitive advantages and attracting foreigninvestment; Pressure on employment issues with an increase in unemployment

or underemployment; 46 million Vietnamese workers (untrained workers) arefacing the risk of not having the opportunity to participate in high-income jobs,being replaced by robot labor, smart technology equipment; There is a shortage

of high-quality human resources, especially in a number of key industries/fieldssuch as post, telecommunications and information technology… The quality oflabor in our country is low, not meeting the requirements of economicdevelopment The structure of training professions has many shortcomings.There is still a serious shortage of highly qualified technical workers, workers insome new industries The percentage of workers with vocational training is stilllow, skills, skills, physical strength and industrial working style are still weak, sothe competitiveness of Vietnamese workers is low There is still an

imbalance of local labor supply and demand among regions, regions andeconomic sectors Labor restructuring is slow, workers mainly work in theagricultural sector, the informal sector, low productivity

Developing and improving the quality of human resources, especially quality human resources, is One of the factors determining the rapid andsustainable development of a dynamic country is guaranteed in terms of qualityand quantity

high-3 About Policy Solution

3.1 solutions to local labor shortage:

Returning to the domestic labor market, the problem is how to support therecovery of the labor market, solve the local supply-demand imbalance andensure the market operates more efficiently To overcome the short-term laborshortage, it is possible to immediately implement a number of timely policiessuch as combining vocational education institutions and businesses to sendstudents and students to practice at enterprises contribute to make up for thelabor shortage This combined model is not new, but in recent times it is stillvery limited and mostly formal

On the business side, it is necessary to develop production and recruitmentplans to make up for the shortfall; efforts to implement measures "3 on thespot", "1 road, 2 destinations" create a safe environment to retain existingworkers and maintain production to ensure safety against epidemics Inaddition, businesses also need to flexibly work from home/online, changebusiness models to create close connections with employees

Besides, businesses also need to take advantage of this opportunity to catchthe trend of automation and digitization, increase

technology application, find new and more effective directions for businesses inthe future This means that businesses can think of building a suitablemechanism between working conditions - higher wages and benefits for jobsthat require higher skills and qualifications in workers.

As for the employees, besides sharing the difficulties of enterprises andagreeing with the authorities in strictly implementing the epidemic preventionrequirements, they need to actively improve their professional qualifications,foreign languages, skills, industrial style to meet recruitment needs and adapt

to highly specialized jobs and industries

On the part of the government and relevant agencies, in order for workers toreturn to industrial parks and export processing zones, which are in shortsupply, it is necessary to implement specific policies for migrant workers incombination with social and economic policies welfare, especially in healthcare Some typical models are having good results, so they should be deployedand replicated, such as "3-in-1 job combo" to help repatriated workers who want

to return to the city will receive support "inn 0 VND - free quick test" fee - get ajob now” of the Youth Employment Service Center of Ho Chi Minh City; project

to support low-cost housing, credit incentives…

The key point in this phase is to ensure that labor market information istransparent so that job seekers can find a job at the earliest and mostconvenient time The system of employment service centers - an effectivechannel to connect labor supply and demand, is increasingly asserting itsimportant role at the moment Online job sessions with informationcommunication between provinces have been held in October and haveconnected many

people and jobs.

In addition, through these centers, it is necessary to actively open primaryvocational classes to support workers who want to improve their skills,professional and technical qualifications and change jobs after the pandemic.This solution has been applied by many countries such as South Korea andSingapore since the end of 2020 to be ready for the economic opening phasewhen the epidemic is over

In short, the shortage of local labor in some localities and some occupations is

an unfinished story In order for the labor supply-demand imbalance not toaffect the socio-economic recovery in the coming period, it is necessary rightnow to share the consensus of both businesses and employees, and especiallythe participation, fierce attention and active support from the government at alllevels, sectors and localities

3.2 Some suggestions and solutions for human resource quality training:

Developing high-quality human resources to serve the process ofindustrialization and modernization of the country is an issue that was raisedearly in the Party's orientation and the Government's implementationorganization The implementation results in the past time have contributedpositive achievements to the overall development of the country

However, to be frank, the domestic training system still has many shortcomings;The teaching staff of colleges and universities is still thin and weak; Facilities donot meet training requirements; The

training method is still in the old style, the way is, the lack of cohesion withreality, leading to the quality of human resources after training not responding tothe increasing requirements of society in the trend of rapid development anddevelopment strong and far-reaching impact on all aspects of social life of the4.0 industrial revolution.

In the current period as well as development orientation in the coming period,the training and development of human resources for Industry 4.0 needs to becomprehensively reviewed and evaluated with many new requirements andchallenges posed to the organizations training facility, that is:

Firstly, it is necessary to proactively anticipate the trends and requirements ofthe labor market The problem of human resource development, especiallyhigh-quality human resources in the current context, has added new andextremely difficult criteria and conditions, requiring a comprehensive innovation

in work educate

Training institutions cannot still use the old, lack of interaction and practicality ofthe new production model to train human resources to meet the rapiddevelopment and application of modern technologies from the IndustrialRevolution 4.0 This will lead to a very high risk of lag and rejection

The national training system needs to soon renovate training content andprograms to respond to changes in practice For example, in the field ofinformation technology, some majors and new skills and knowledge need to beresearched and supplemented by schools such as: Mechatronics; informationtechnology, with

special focus on data science, security, information safety

In particular, reforming university management and training methods, promotingthe application of information technology and digital technology in teachingactivities, and improving the capacity and quality of teachers andadministrators physical

In order to meet the training requirements in the new environment, the teachingstaff must have new competencies, creative capacities and therefore requirenew qualities on the basis of standardization, through different activities.training, self-training and fostering professional knowledge

In addition to training activities, it is necessary to actively participate in scientificresearch to improve professional qualifications and knowledge, associateresearch with transfer activities at the grassroots, paying special attention tomodel studies simulation, interactive research…

Second, it is necessary to strengthen forecasting of human market demand inthe near and further future This is a content that needs special attention,because the Fourth Industrial Revolution will have a great impact on thestructure of the economy, the possibility of the decline or even loss of manyindustries as well as the emergence of new industries future occupations areentirely possible, which will lead to huge changes in the employment structure

Third, it is necessary to combine 3 "houses": School Scientists Entrepreneurs in human resource training for Industry 4.0 Currently,

-mainly the Enterprise side has the need to associate with the school

training, but has not actively cooperated with the Enterprise

Universities in Vietnam need to learn from and experience in training fromoverseas universities, in building innovation centers closely linked withenterprises Thanks to these centers, students can study in a very realenvironment; Enterprises associate with schools to find future humanresources

Renovate training contents and methods in order to improve the quality andeffectiveness of higher education and vocational education; Improve the quality

of training in a number of universities and a number of professions, approachingthe level of developed countries in ASEAN and the world

3.3 Some psychological solutions for unemployed people

It can be said that the biggest effect of unemployment is the economic burden.For those who have difficult families, relatives with incurable diseases,expensive treatment costs, etc will inevitably feel anxious, stressed anddepressed If unemployment is prolonged, negative thoughts will begin toappear, causing sadness, depression, pessimism and suffering to increase overtime

Some companies are already in action The most popular are the models of

"online psychology centers" In particular, "living in a pandemic season" is atopic of a series of workshops held by Payoo since mid-August Taking place on

"Happy Friday" every week, the workshop series via Zoom attracts about 200employees each sessions, in order to find psychological balance and exercise

In addition to interacting with experts, the company also organizes "laughteryoga" sessions and other psychological balancing therapies A series ofactivities were implemented when after 3 months of working from home, thecompany's leaders realized the frustration and less interaction of employees.

"We hope that the series of workshops and the efforts to accompanyemployees during this period will act as a 'mental vaccine', promoting healthycommunication to overcome difficulties together," said the representative saidthe company representative

Apple Music Vietnam has a program that focuses on building employees'physical and psychological well-being In addition to the previous strengthtraining exercises, many new content in the form of courses, podcasts, andshort talks on psychology have been deployed

"How to work when the family has young children" or "Skills to improveendurance, resilience in work (resilience)" are some example topics Inaddition, this program also allows staff to access online psychologicalcounseling services with experts upon request and appointment

Depression due to unemployment often occurs when there are favorable factorssuch as constant financial pressure, family blame, criticism, witnessing thesuccess of friends, etc In addition, if it is to luxury During this time ofpsychological trauma (losing a loved one, suffering from a serious illness, beingbetrayed, abandoned, unexpected accident, etc.), the risk of depression willincrease significantly.Depression is a serious psychological problem that isalmost impossible to heal and overcome on its own To avoid seriouscomplications, the victim should actively see a doctor After the