Solutions for improvement of aerobics practicalskills for students of Hanoi Pedagogical University 2

By using seven study methods, including materials analysis and synthesis, interviewing, practical computerization, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, statistical mathematics, w

PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY 2

Dr Ha Minh Diu’

Abstract: The student-centered teaching method affects the design of the syllabus, the content of the syllabus and the use of teaching methods and techniques in each lesson By using seven study methods, including materials analysis and synthesis, interviewing, practical computerization, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment, statistical mathematics, we examined the subjects of the thesis including 56 female students study- ing optional aerobics of Hanoi Pedagogical University 2 of 42"¢ academic year (K42) Research results is to find solutions to improve practical skills to bring students effective self-study method in the formation and acquisition

of movement techniques, improving professional qualifications, and con- tribute to improving the application efficiency of information technology in teaching and learning aerobics

Keywords: suggestions, practical skills, rnythmic gymnastics, professional exercise, reference material

1 Significance

The change of the organizational structure, management training under the credit system of Hanoi Pedagogical University 2 is inevitable, which requires proactive movements of the management, the organizational system, training management, and must be reformed in a uniform manner, starting with the renovation of teaching methods, focusing on self-learning and self-study There have been several studies in this field including the work of Huynh Nguyen Thanh Liem (2013)[8] which aims to help high school student in learning aerobics, the

1 Faculty of Physical Education - Hanoi Pedagogical University 2, Tel: 0984 087 999, Email: haminhdiu@hpu2.edu.vn

study of Pham Minh Tuan (2015) [14] for improving the effectiveness of teaching

aerobics; Vu Long Vuong’s (2014) [16] study on the use of aerobics exercise

to improve physical fitness for first-year male students, Physical Education Faculty, Tay Bac University With survey on the current situation of teaching and learning in the school, we decided to studied solutions for improvement of aerobics practical skills for students of Hanoi Pedagogical University 2, which

brings learners specialized mean to acquire movement techniques faster and

more effectively

Starting from the above mentioned matter, we set up this thesis:

“Solutions for improvement of aerobics practical skills for students of Hanoi Pedagogical University 2”

2 Theoretical Bases

2.1 Teaching viewpoint for aerobics in school

Based on the tasks and objectives of developing sport activities in schools,

physical activities need to renovate the contents and forms of organization and operation in a diversified manner suitable to the specific conditions and

characteristics of each school, locality, psycho-physiological characteristics, ages and levels of pupils and students It should be strengthened and formulated and deployed in remote, border, island and socio-economic areas with difficult or extremely difficult conditions [11]

2.2 Characteristics of Aerobics

2.2.1 Technique

Aerobics is a sport that combines hands and feet with fast-paced music to give you the excitement and enjoyment when learning the subject The effect of aerobics is that it has a positive impact on the circulation and respiratory system and blood vessels While doing aerobics exercise, a maximum amount of oxygen

is metabolized in the muscles This is very beneficial for both circulatory and respiratory systems as well as the ability to separate oxygen and energy and metabolize them from the muscular system This is a basic and beneficial effect for students who study aerobics [11],[13]

2.2.2 The ability to coordinate movement in aerobics

For aerobics, the coordination ability of movement is very important in

addressing the main tasks that the exercise requires At each level of learner,

there are specific exercises with the appropriate difficulty to assess the training of learners Requirements in each exercise will not be the same and will gradually increase in the difficulty level Difficulty in the exercises depends on a lot of factors including coordination of techniques Athletes competing in this category are supposed to employ skillfully every single techniques and series of coordinated movements of legs and hands in synchronization with music [10]

3 Methodology

3.1 Purpose of the research

Based on the analysis and assessment of students’ aerobics skills, the research attempts to find solutions for improvement the practical skills to help students have effective means of formation and absorption of professional skills, improve

the efficiency of applying information technology in teaching the subject

3.2 Research tasks

Task 1: Assess the current situation of teaching and learning of aerobics of students of Hanoi Pedagogical University 2

Task 2: Find solutions for improvement of practical skills for students of Hanoi Pedagogical University 2

3.3 Research Methods

3.3.1 Methods of analysis and synthesis of documents

Study documents and instrument of the Party, the State and Ministry of Education and Training on human development strategies, education and sport Studies on Physical Education in general, aerobics in particular in training activities, sports training movement of universities

3.3.2 Interview method

Interviews with experts in the fields of education and training, managers

and teachers who teach physical education at universities and colleges Interview contents are issues related to the need to use teaching materials, learning, the selection of professional tests and professional assessment

3.3.3 Method of pedagogical observation

Use pedagogy in the research process to: Gather information about learning activities, physical exercise, physical activity, practice and self-training of

students Gather information about student learning activities, the student’s ability to control - organizing physical education activities

3.3.4 Practical informatics

The research team conducts program development, designs recording method, editing and compiling, and creates a set of materials (informatics experts)

The content of the set is the basic technique under the program of studying

the subject of aerobics in Hanoi Pedagogical University 2, recorded directly, combining elements of pedagogy: movement experience, multi-dimensional practice, technical errors, technical correction, conduct training [9]

3.3.5 Methodology of pedagogical test

In the course of the study, a pedagogical test was conducted to collect data for the evaluation of the research process, through the study of topic papers using the following professional tests: Test 1: 8-movement bare hand exercise (point), Test 2: 30-second balancing with change of direction (m) ), Test 3: Roberger’s 4 position (second), Test 4: aerobics exercise of 1 movement combined with music

(point) [3]

3.3.6 Pedagogical experiment methodology

This method is used for the purpose of testing the set of documents that have been applied in the teaching of research objects Experimental object is 56 female students studying aerobics (total number of 66 students, excluding those who do not meet the requirements of participants) of TC103.1 classes; 2 Experiment time is equal to the learning duration of the two groups, 1.e the two semesters of the academic year of 2016-2017, with the duration of 2 credits, each consists of

15 practical lessons (30 periods) of 100 minutes

3.3.7 Statistical mathematical methodology

This is the method used to process the data collected during the study Determine the correlation factor, comparing the mean values between the sample sets of the experimental results [5],[14].The statistical parameters used in the thesis were: mean, standard deviation, comparing two observed means by the

t index (student), pair correlation index of Brave-Pison We refer to the Sports

Measurement Book by Duong Nghiep Chi (1991) [1]

4 Research results

4.1 Current situation of teaching and learning of students in Hanoi Pedagogical University 2

4.1.1 The current situation of teachers teaching aerobics

By evaluating the current situation of teaching staff of aerobics in the recent

three years, we have the following comment: 100% of lecturers participate in teaching the subject have standard qualifications (master degree) In terms of proficiency, the number of teachers with physical education expertise is 03, accounting for 37.5%; the rest of the teachers are not specialized in physical education, but they have three levels of physical education

4.1.2 Current situation of facilities

The facilities for the teaching and training of aerobics have been invested

by the school but the quality and quantity are still limited However, they can accommodate demand of the students for internal and extracurricular activities Under the current conditions, we recommend the school to upgrade the yard and equipment, select appropriate teaching and training methods appropriate to the actual conditions

4.1.3 The current situation of the exercises applied to the teaching of aerobics

Based on the results of the survey on the current situation of teaching aerobics to students, we identified a group of exercises that teachers used in the teaching and training to improve the learning outcomes of the subject of aerobics including balancing with change of direction (seconds), Posture 4 Roberg, 8-movement aerobics, movement game, 7-step aerobics, ball exercises This shows that exercises which are being used is quite diverse, but not fully reflect the capacity of practice subjects Therefore, it is necessary to have a set of materials for students to self-learn and self-study to improve their coordination skills and improve their practice skills

4.2 Find solutions for improvements of practical skills for students of Hanoi Pedagogical University 2

4.2.1 Theoretical basis

During the study, we found that the duration of learning aerobics in class was 15 weeks Each week, the students learned 2 periods of 50 minutes with the content of completing one credit for the course of four aerobics exercise

including 7 basic steps aerobics, 16-movement aerobics, 17-movement aerobics

and 16-movement aerobics As we all know, it required two periods of self-study,

so if students fail to self-study, then the subject shall not be completed

4.2.2 Practical basis [6] [7]

From the basis of the above, the research determines the necessary elements

constitute the content of professional documents In order to ensure the objectivity

and precision of the research, we conducted a professional interview on the selection of contents of the set Interviewees are teachers, athletes, professionals,

managers, etc The results are as follows:

Table 4.1 The results of the interviews selected the content of aerobics for stu-

dents of Hanoi Pedagogical University 2 (n = 50)

Result

NO Content Very import- Important ant Unimport- ant

A_ | Aerobics exercise 1

Analysis with the word and the 50 100 0 0 0 0

images

Important combination in the aero-

bics exercise 1

3 | Aerobics exercise 1 completion 45 86.5 5 13.5| 0 0

4 | Aerobics exercise 1 performance 49 98 1 2 0 0

5 |Common errors and correction 40 80.0 10 20 0 0 B_ | Aerobics exercise 2

4 Analysis with the word and the 50 100 0 0 0 0 images

2 Important combination in the aero- 48 96 2 4 0 0

bics exercise 2

Aerobics exercise 2 completion 45 86 5 135| 0 0

4 | Aerobics exercise 2 performance 48 96 2 4 0 0

Common errors and correction 40 80.0 10 20 0 0

The results obtained in the interview table 4.1 showed that the rate of approval of the contents of the professional documents of the respondents was

high at 72% Therefore, we take the result to make content for document for

students studying the subject of aerobics

4.2.3 Document structure

The subject of recording is K42 students are currently studying self-

selected credit 1, Aerobics and dance sports The media used is the Sony Handycam HDR-PJ675 9.2MP camcorder From the images obtained, we use “Nero 8” software with predefined process of editing and staging for the product which is

a set of professional materials to improve the learning aerobics effectively The process includes selection of content; framing the script; technical introduction, analysis of each movement technique; recording each technical group; recording complete exercise, notes, experience, etc.; create complete documents

The recording process and the image include:

+ Perform the complete exercise

+ Technical analysis of each movement: By the display text and accompanying images

+ Practice each individual movement in two directions: front and lateral + Basic Errors: Common Errors in performing and correction

4.2.4 Selection of research object assessment test

Through the 3 selection foundations and 4 principles, the research identified

10 tests used to assess the improvement of aerobics of students of Hanoi Pedagogical University 2 We have interviewed teachers, experts, managers, etc and choose the following four tests: 8-movement bare hand exercise (point), 30-seconds balancing with change of direction (m)), Roberger’s 4 position (second), aerobics exercise of 1 movement combined with music (point) [8],[12]

To determine the scientific basis of the selected test, we determine the correlation factor of the tests with the results of the mid-term exam of subject which showed that: All 4 tests have strong correlation factor (0.753-0.872) They were used to evaluate the practical skills of the subject

4.3 Experiment

4.3.1 Experiment program

The experiment process was divided into two phases: before and after the experiment

Experimental method: Both groups follow the pre-programmed aerobics course according to without any change or differences In which:

+ Experimental group: Instructed and requested to use the set of documents

for the completion of tasks, hours, exercises and self-study, self-learning and practice The process of using the set of documents is by assigning specific tasks

in each class by the professional exercises, results of tasks shall be monitored by

personal questionnaire and the test at the beginning of lessons (results are stored and evaluated for research activities)

+ The control group: Study according to the predefined program and not using the set of documents

4.3.2 Evaluation of research object before the experiment

In order to meet the requirements of science, we define the basic requirements

in the process of conducting the examination and evaluation of research objects

Table 4.2 Results of technical assessment tests before the experiment (7, =

Nyy = 28)

rou trol p

g Pp g rou p calculate

1 8-movement bare hand exercise (point) 6.0 5.8 1.24 | 0.604

30-seconds balancing with change of direc-

2 16.25 16.86 1.97 | 1.161

Vv

3 Roberger’s 4 position (second) 32.09 30.78 | 3.65 | 1.344 = Aerobics exercise of 1 movement combined =

4 with music (point) 6.27 6.03 0.86 | 1.048

Table 4.2 shows the results as follows: The level of technical expertise of the objects is very low, which shows that the students do not have the technical skills

of the subject t ue = 0.604 to 1.344 which is <t , = 1.96 at the probability threshold of p > 0.05 [4], which means that the Control group and Experiment

group do not differ from the test results, in other words the techniques of the two

groups prior to the experiment are equal, or of the same level of expertise

4.3.3 Test results after the experiment

At the end of the experimental process, we use of the selected means of examination and evaluation to examine the research objects in order to evaluate the research results The process of conducting examination was consistent with the process and the rigorous principles of previous and similar examinations for both groups The results are as follows:

Table 4.3 Test results of experimental tests after experiment (7, = Ny = 28)

group | _ trol-

group

1 8-movement bare hand exercise (point) 7.83 6.91 1.14 | 3.026

2 30-seconds balancing with change of direc- 2025 | 1865 | 218 2.749 oc

3 Roberger’s 4 position (second) 46.49 | 42.96 | 415 | 3.185 2

4 Aerobi erobics exercise O | movemen combine ise of 1 t bined 8.08 6.90 146 3.818

with music (point)

Results: The data obtained from the two groups was that T, ,„„„;c ranged from 2.749 to 3.818 which were higher than 1.96, indicating that after the experiment two groups had difference at the statistical probability p < 0.05 Table 4.2 and 4.3 also show that in both groups there was an growth in performance, however, the experimental group had significantly higher growth, as shown in Table 4.3 in all four tests In the beginning, both groups were of equal level, the experimental group even had lower level in test 3 and test 4 than that of the control group However, after using the solution of the DVD set for the experimental group to self-study aerobics, after 2 semester of the academic year of 2016-2017 with the duration of 02 credit, 15 syllabuses (100 minutes each), 30 lessons, the experiment group shows much better results compared to the control group

In conclusion: After the experimental phase, the research suggested that the

experimental group had more development than the control group in terms of

The level of acquisition of basic professional movement, basic technical skills, movement coordination ability, rhythm, expressiveness, and sense of music The research confirmed the effectiveness of the set of documents that have been developed to improve the effectiveness of learning aerobics for students of Hanoi Pedagogical University 2

5 Conclusions and recommendations

5.1 Conclusions

From the results of the research, we suggest the following conclusions: The research results have constructed 01 set of documents (01 DVD containing

many files data: technical analysis, animation, video of each technique, video

of full performance , videos of each performance, notes on common errors of difficult movement and how to overcome them, etc.) The set of documents helps students to self-study aerobics to improve the practical skills and effectiveness of aerobics for students of Hanoi Pedagogical University 2 The results obtained in

the research are sufficiently reliable in the required statistical statistic thresholds

5.2 Recommendations

Based on the above conclusions, the followings are proposed: Apply the research results of the topic to the teaching, learning and practice activities of aerobics at Hanoi Pedagogical University 2; Develop the research orientation for other sports

References

1 To Thi Anh, Nguyen Thi Bich Hong (1994), Age Psychology, Education Publishing House, Hanoi

2 Aulicl V (1982), Evaluation of sports practice Pham Ngoc Tram, Sports Publishing House, Hanoi

3 Pham Dinh Bam (2000), Training planning method, Proceedings of physical education and sport training, University of Physical Education and Sport I, Sports Publishing House, Hanoi

4 Le Buu, Nguyen The Truyen (1991), Theory and methods of training young athletes,

Sports Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh City

5 Duong Nghiep Chi (1983), Sports Measurement, Sports Publishing House, Hanoi

6 Trinh Trung Hieu, Nguyen Si Ha (1994), Sport training, Sports Publishing House, Hanoi

7 Nguyen Cong Khanh (2014), Evaluation in Education, Publishing House, Hanoi

8 Huynh Nguyen Thanh Liem (2013) “Help high school student in learning aerobics”

- Initiative of Nam Ha High School, Dong Nai