COMPILING QUESTION BANK AND ANSWER OF AUTOMOTIVE THEORY FOR HIGH QUALITY ENGLISH STUDENTS

1 | P a g e HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING GRADUATION THESIS COMPILING QUESTION BANK AND ANSWER OF AUTOMOTIVE THEORY FOR HIGH QUALITY ENGLISH STUDENTS Student NGUYỄN THIÊN HIẾU Student ID 16145015 Student NGÔ SỸ NGUYÊN Student ID 16145616 Major AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING Advisor Dr NGUYỄN MẠNH CƯỜNG Ho Chi Minh City, January 2020 2 | P a g e THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom– Happiness Ho Chi Minh City, January 20, 202.

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION

FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING

THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

Independence – Freedom– Happiness

-

Ho Chi Minh City, January 20, 2020

GRADUATION PROJECT ASSIGNMENT

Date of assignment: _ Date of submission: _

1 Project title: _

2 Initial materials provided by the advisor: _

3 Content of the project: _

4 Final product:

CHAIR OF THE PROGRAM

(Sign with full name)

ADVISOR

(Sign with full name)

THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

Independence – Freedom– Happiness

-

Ho Chi Minh City, January 20, 2020 ADVISOR’S EVALUATION SHEET Student name: Student ID:

Student name: Student ID:

Student name: Student ID:

Major:

Project title:

Advisor:

EVALUATION 1 Content of the project:

2 Strengths:

3 Weaknesses:

4 Approval for oral defense? (Approved or denied)

5 Overall evaluation: (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor)

6 Mark:……….(in words: )

Ho Chi Minh City, month day , year

ADVISOR

THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

Independence – Freedom– Happiness

-

Ho Chi Minh City, January 20, 2020 PRE-DEFENSE EVALUAT ION SHEET Student name: Student ID:

Student name: Student ID:

Student name: Student ID:

Major:

Project title:

Name of Reviewer:

EVALUATION 1 Content and workload of the project

2 Strengths:

3 Weaknesses:

4 Approval for oral defense? (Approved or denied)

5 Overall evaluation: (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor)

6 Mark:……….(in words: )

Ho Chi Minh City, month day , year

REVIEWER

THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

Independence – Freedom– Happiness

-EVALUA TIO N SHEET OF DEFENSE COMMITTEE MEMBER Student name: Student ID:

Student name: Student ID:

Student name: Student ID:

Major:

Project title:

Name of Defense Committee Member:

EVALUATION 1 Content and workload of the project

2 Strengths:

3 Weaknesses:

4 Overall evaluation: (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor)

5 Mark :……….(in words: )

Ho Chi Minh City, month day , year

COMMITTEE MEMBER

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING 1

GRADUATION PROJECT ASSIGNMENT 2

EVALUATION 3

P RE- DEF E NS E EV AL UA TI O N S H E ET 4

EVALUATION 4

EVA LU ATI O N S H EE T O F 5

DEFENSE COMMITTEE MEMBER 5

EVALUATION 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS 6

DISCLARATION 9

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 10

ABSTRACT 11

OVERVIEW 12

The urgency of the subject: 12

Research purposes: 12

Research Methods: 12

Research content: 13

Chapter 1: Overview of Automotive Theory 14

Chapter 2: Theoretical basis of the topic 30

Chapter 3: Building question bank, test, evaluation and answers .32

SECTION I: QUESTIONS BANK 34

SECTION II: ANSWER FOR QUESTIONS BANK 47

SECTION III: REFERENCES 98

CONCLUDE 99

LIST OF FIGURE AND TABLE

FIGURE 1 Figure of question 21 39

FIGURE 2 Figure of question 21 39

FIGURE 3 A multi-link steering mechanism tha must be optimized by vary -ing x 40

FIGURE 4 illustrates a steering mechanism Suppose the middle box can control the length of x and y .41

FIGURE 5 Tire coordinate system .42

FIGURE 6 Effective radius Rw compared to tire radius Rs and loaded height Rh 42

TABLE 1 Table of question 43 44

TABLE 2 Table of question 44 44

TABLE 3 Table of question 45 45

TABLE 4 Table of question 46 45

FIGURE 7 Measuring the force under the wheels to find the height of the mass center 55

FIGURE 8 A parked car on inclined pavement .57

FIGURE 9 Answer for exercise 16 .59

FIGURE 10 Power performance curves for the Porse 911 and Corvette Z06 .62

FIGURE 11 Roll center construction .63

FIGURE 12 The front and side views of a wheel and its steerin g axis 64

FIGURE 13 A multi-link steering mechanism that must be optimized by vary -ing x 67

FIGURE 14 A body coordinate B rotating about point O in global coordinate frame G .67

FIGURE 15 A multi-link steering mechanism is a six-link mechanism thay may be treeted as two combined 4-bar linkage .69

TABLE 5 Link numbers, and the input-output angles for the multi-link steering mechanism 70

FIGURE 16 Kinematic steering condition for a vehicle with different tracks in the front and in the back 71

FIGURE 17 Steady state configuration of a car-trailer combination 72

FIGURE 18 A front-wheel steering vehicle and the Ackerman condition .73

FIGURE 19 Tire coordinate .75

FIGURE 20 Effective radius Rw compared to tire radius Rs and loaded height Rh 76

FIGURE 21 Answer for exercise 35 80

FIGURE 22 Answer for exercise 36 80

FIGURE 23 Answer for exercise 37 81

FIGURE 22 Answer for exercise 40 85

FIGURE 23 Answer for exercise 40 86

FIGURE 24 Answer for exercise 40 86

FIGURE 25 Answer for exercise 49 95

FIGURE 26 Answer for exercise 49 96

FIGURE 27 Answer for exercise 49 96

FIGURE 28 Answer for exercise 50 97

DISCLARATION

We, Nguyen Thien Hieu and Ngo Sy Nguyen, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is

of my own All the data, statistics in the thesis are reliable and are not published in any previous studies or researches Where information has been derived from other sources, I

confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis

Ho Chi Minh City, 1st of August, 2020

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Thank you to our advisor, Dr Nguyen Manh Cuong, for providing guidance and feedback

throughout this project

Thanks also to our lecturer, PhD Huynh Quoc Viet, for allowing us to borrow the learning room from Gasoline Engine Workshop in Ho Chi Minh City University of Techn ology and

Education to have places serving for our research on

Graduation Thesis

ABSTRACT

Automotive Theory has long been an important subject of Automotive Engineering Therefore, to enrich and standardize the subject, this project has been created The project consists of 7 chapters of subjects that are classified and tested Each chapter includes a self-study book file, lecture presentation file, question bank and exercises prepared for each chapter All are based on the reference books listed in t he references

section

OVERVIEW

The urgency of the subject:

In the current context of our country, the automobile industry has been developing rapidly Especially when Vietnam has appeared localized car production lines as well as the establishment of the first car company in Vietnam Since then, the role and influence of the automobile industry on industries, services and life have been pushed up In order to catch

up with this development trend, the subject of Automotive Theory has be en developed and increasingly important Learning through an automotive theory has helped us partly imagine that when calculating the design of the automobile we need the parameter conditions the standards will be safe when rolling on the road But in addi tion, there are also the limitations that learners face when studying automotive theory with countless documents Therefore, there is a need for a compiled, synthesized and standardized set of lectures and exercises And below is a map of the Theory Lectur e and Automotive Theory exercises We realize the urgency of the topic through recognizing the limitations in acquiring knowledge from the subject of today's students

Research purposes:

➢ Making self-study materials for students majoring in Automotive Engineering

➢ Ability to analyze, explain and reason to solve automotive engineering problems

➢ Teamwork, communication and reading comprehension skills in English language

➢ Conceiving systems and capabilities to design, compute the dynamics and dy namics

of systems in the automotive sector

➢ Form the ability to self-study, report and present subject knowledge

➢ A set of documents for reference for exercises and applied to the test of students' knowledge level

➢ Step 1: Collect documents

➢ Step 2: Document analysis

➢ Step 3: Brief presentation of the research content

Research content:

Chapter 1: Overview of Automotive Theory

Chapter 2: Theoretical basis of the topic

Chapter 3: Building question bank, test and evaluation

Appendix: Includes 7 theoretical chapters of Automotive Theory, bank of 30 exercises and

answers:

Chapter1 : VEHICLE CLASSIFICATIONS

Chapter2 : TIRE DYNAMICS

Chapter 3: FORWARD VEHICLE DYNAMICS

Chapter 4: VEHICLE KINEMATICS

Chapter 5: DRIVELINE DYNAMICS

Chapter 6: SUSPENSION MECHANISM

Chapter 7: STEERING DYNAMICS

Chapter 1: Overview of Automotive Theory VEHICLE DYNAMICS COURSE SYLLABUS

1 Vietnamese name: Lý thuyết Ô tô

2 English name: Vehicle Dynamics Course code: VEDY330131E

3 Credit number: 3 credits (3/0/6) (3 credits on class, 0 credit on laboratory, 6 credits at

home)

Contribute to 15 weeks (3 hours on class/week + 0 hours on laboratory + 6 hours selfstudy per week)

4 Instructors:

Dr Nguyen Manh Cuong

5 Conditions for registration:

Students have studied: Physics, Engineering Mechanics a nd Principles of internal

combustion engines

6 Course Description:

This course equips the students important knowledge about problems exploring

kinematics, dynamics of straight motions, turning and braking of vehicles, studying stability and prizing fuel economy of vehicles This course is the basic for prizing dynamic quality of vehilces, for aplications in operating and exploiting as well as in calculatingdesign

kinematics and dynamics of new vehicle models

of Program

G1

Speciazed knowledge in area of Automotive Engineering

technology such as:

- Theory basic for designing new car models

- Basic for designing, improving systems of vehicles

- Basic for calculating determining dynamic properties,

stability and fuel economy of vehicles

- Basic for exploiting and operating vehicles effectively

- Basic for experiment, quality test of vehicles

ELO 2, ELO 3

G2 Analytic, explaining abilities for solving of automotive

engineering problems

ELO 5, ELO 6, ELO 7

G3 Teamwok skill, communication and ability to read and

understand technical documents in English

ELO 8, ELO 9, ELO 10

G4 Suggesting ideas about systems and designing, calculating

abilities systems in vehicles

ELO 12, ELO

13

8 Course objectives and ELO

9 References

[1] Reza N Jazar, Vehicle Dynamics, Theory and Applications, Springer, 2008

[2] Nguyễn Hữu Cẩn, Lý thuyết ô tô và máy kéo, Nhà Xuất bản Khoa học và Kỹ

thuật, 1998

[3] Georg Rill, Road Vehicle Dynamics: Fundamentals and Modeling , CRC,

2012

[4] Reza N Jazar (auth.) - Vehicle Dynamics_ Theory and Application (2014,

Springer-Verlag New York)

[5] Automotive-Science-and-Mathematics

[6] Thomas D Gillespie - Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics (1992, Society of

Automotive Engineers Inc) [7] Vehicle-Dynamics-Theory-and-Application

[8] [Peter_Lugner]Vehicle_Dynamics_of_Modern_Passenge(b-ok.xyz)

[9] [Rill,_Georg]_Road_Vehicle_Dynamics_Fundamentals(b-ok.xyz)

[10] [Massimo_Guiggiani_(auth.)] The_Science_of_Vehicle(b -ok.org)

[11] [Dieter Schram, Manfred_Hiller,Roberto_Bardini_Vehicle Dynamics

[12] Giancarlo Genta, Motor Vehicle Dynamics: Modeling and Simulation, World

Scientific, 1999

[13] Thomas D Gillespie, Fundamentals of vehicle dynamics, SAE, 1992

[14] Phạm Xuân Mai, Nguyễn Hữu Hường, Ngô Xuân Ngát, Tính toán sức kéo ô tô

và máy kéo, NXB Đại học Quốc gia TP HCM – 2001

[15] [Pacejka_H.B] Tyre_and_Vehicle_Dynamics(b-ok.org)

19 | P a g e

20 | P a g e

21 | P a g e

22 | P a g e

12 Limitations when studying automotive theory in English:

➢ It is difficult to acquire theoretical bases and apply exercises when using English

➢ The amount of knowledge from foreign references is too much and varies in layout and content

➢ English learning materials do not support students' self-study needs

➢ Lack of orientation to the content knowledge needed in the subject

13 Contents of the subject's curriculum:

The content of the subject Automotive Theory

Chapter 1: Energy sources using in vehicle

Chapter 2: Energy transport in vehicles

Chapter 3: Rolling mechanics of wheels

Chapter 4: Straight moving mechanics of vehicle

Chapter 5: Braking vehicle

Chapter 6: Determine basic parameters of motivating systems of vehicle

Chapter 7: Stability of vehicle

Chapter 8: Mobile feature of vehicle

Chapter 9: Fuel economy of vehicle

Chapter 10: Turning of Vehicle

14 To implement this subject's program, it is necessary to agree on the content :

➢ Research purposes

➢ Research methods

➢ Research content

➢ Overview of Automotive Theory

➢ Theoretical basis of the topic

➢ Building question bank of the topic

➢ SI measurement system

➢ The main document of the subject to unify content:

Reza N Jazar, Vehicle Dynamics, Theory and Applications, Springer, 2008

❖ SI measurement system:

➢ Basis information

SI is built on the basis of the seven basic units of measurement of SI, namely kilogram, meter, second, ampere, kelvin, mol and candela These units are used to define other inferred units of measure SI also defines a number of SI prefixes to use with units of measure: these prefixes combine with any unit of measure to produce its multiples or multiples For example, the prefix kilometer represents a multiple of thousands (thousand), so that kilometer equals 1,000 meters, kilogram is equal to 1,000 grams, and so on Note also that one millionth of a kilogram is milligram, not a micro -kilogram

➢ The seven SI base units, which are comprised of:

Length - meter (m)

Time - second (s)

Amount of substance - mole (mole)

Electric current - ampere (A)

Unit of length equivalent to the distance traveled

by a ray of light in a vacuum in the period of 1/299 792 458 seconds (17th CGPM (1983) Resolution 1, CR 97) This number is correct and the meter is defined this way

Kilogra

m kg Mass

The unit of mass equal to the mass of the international standard kilogram (cylindrical weights of platinum-iridium alloy) held at the International Institute of Measurement (French abbreviation: BIPM), Sevres, Paris (CGPM 1th (1889), CR 34-38) Also note that the kilogram is

a single prefixed basic unit of measure; the gram

is defined as the inferred unit, equal to 1/1000 of

a kilogram; prefixes such as meth are applied to the gram, not the kg; For example: Gg, not Mk It

is also the only basic unit of measure that is also defined by a specific prototype instead of being measured by natural phenomena (See the kilogram article for other definitions)

second s time

Unit of time with precision 9 192 631 770 cycles

of radiation corresponding to the transition between two superfine ground state levels of a cesium-133 atom at 0 K (13th CGPM (1967) -1968) Resolution 1, CR 103)

ampe A Amperage

The unit of current is fixed current, if it runs in two indefinitely long parallel conductors of negligible cross-section, spaced 1 meter apart in a vacuum, then a force is generated between the two wires equal to 2 × 10-7 newtons per meter of length (9th CGPM (1948), Resolution 7, CR 70)

kelvin K temperature

The unit for measuring the thermodynamic temperature (or absolute temperature) is 1 / 273.16 (exact) of the thermodynamic temperature

at the equilibrium of the three states of water (13th CGPM (1967) 4, CR 104)

mol mol

Number of molar particles

The unit for measuring the number of particles constituting the entity is equal to the number of atoms in the pure 0.012 kilogram of pure carbon -

Dimensionless derived measurement units

The SI units of measure are derived from the basic units of measure and are dimensionless

SI dimensionless derived measurement units:

Name Symbol Quantity Define

rađian rad Angle

The unit of measure is the diastolic angle at the center of a circle an arc length equal to the radius length of the line round Thus we have 2π radians

Derived units with special names

The basic units of measure can be put together to deduce different units of measure for other quantities Some are named according to the table below SI derivative units with special names:

Non-SI units are acceptable for use with SI

The following units of measure are not SI units of measure but are "accepted for use in international metrology."

Non-SI units are acceptable for use with SI

Non-SI entities are not yet accepted by CGPM

➢ Non-SI units of experience are accepted for use in SI

➢ Other non-SI units are currently accepted for use in SI

The prefixes of SI

The following SI prefixes can be used to produce multiples or divisors of the original unit of measure

Outdated SI prefixes

The following SI prefixes are not used anymore

10n Prefix Symbol Name Equivalent

104 myria ma Ten thousand

(thousand) 10.000 10-4 myriô mo One tenth of a

thousand (thousand) 0,0001

15 Lecture content, question banks and answers are built on:

➢ Subject program

➢ The amount of knowledge after being filtered and synthesized from many documents

➢ The question and answer bank has been compiled and answered correctly based on

the knowledge filtered and synthesized from many documents

Chapter 2: Theoretical basis of the topic From the limitations when studying automobile theory in English, many different documents, few exercises, inconsistency in content, the map of the project is unanimously selected for 7 main basic theory chapters of the subject Automotive theory includes:

Chapter1: VEHICLE CLASSIFICATIONS

Road vehicles are usually classified based on their size and number of axles Although there

is no standard or universally accepted classification method, there are a few important and applied vehicle classifications In this chap ter, student will able to know about types of vehicle with different method to classify as well as proper name of each types

Chapter2 : TIRE DYNAMICS

The tire is the main component of a vehicle interacting with the road The performance of a vehicle is mainly influenced by the characteristics of its tires Tires affect a vehicle’s handling, traction, ride comfort, and fuel consumption To understand its importance, it is enough to remember that a vehicle can maneuver only by longitudinal, vertical, and l ateral force systems generated under the tires In this chapter, student will be able to describe the construction of car tires, explain the symbols on the tire and rim, getting knowledge about dynamic of wheels, getting knowledge about mechanics of wheels , sliding and adhesive abilities

Chapter 3: FORWARD VEHICLE DYNAMICS

Straight motion of an ideal rigid vehicle is the subject of this chapter In this chapter, student will be able to know basic for calculating determining dynamic properties, stability o f a vehicle, on road situation that vehicles have, optimize drive force distribution, influence of sliding to dynamics and stability of vehicles while moving, calculating the ability of a vehicle Analytic, explaining abilities for solving of automotive en gineering problems

Chapter 4: BRAKE SYSTEM OF VEHICLE

The safe and reliable use of a road vehicle necessitates the continual adjustment of its speed and distance in response to change in traffic conditions This requirement is met in part by

the braking system In this chapter, student will be able to understand the basic requirements for braking systems to be successful, understand the design process for achieving an efficient braking system, appreciate the material requirements for efficient braking systems, understand current developments in braking control systems, prizing dynamic quality and stability while braking

Chapter 5: DRIVELINE DYNAMICS

The maximum achievable acceleration of a vehicle is limited by two factors: maximum torque at driving wheels, and maximum traction force at tire -print The first one depends on engine and transmission performance, and the second one depends on tire -road friction In this chapter, student will be able to examine engine and transmission performance Understanding and using knowledge about energy transport in vehicles (from engine to drive wheels)

Chapter 6: SUSPENSION MECHANISM

The suspension of modern vehicles needs to satisfy a number of requirements whose aims partly conflict because of different operating conditions (loaded/unloaded, acceleration/braking, level/uneven road, straight running/cornering) In this chapter, student will be able to understand the link between wheels and vehicle chassis and what allows relative motion, covers the suspension mechanisms, discusses the possible relative motions between the wheel and the vehicle chassis, understand the suspension linkage, must propel, steer, and stop the vehicle, and support the associated forces

Chapter 7: STEERING DYNAMICS

To maneuver a vehicle, we need a steering mechanism to turn steerable wheels Steering dynamics which we review in this chapter, introduces the requirements and challenges to have a steering system to guide a vehicle on non -straight paths This chapter gives only the essential aspects of the subject ‘Steering’ In this chapter, student will be able to learn about different steering system, requirements of a steering system, understanding prizing methods turning ability and stability while turning, calculating requirement of turning in different situation on different types of vehicle

Chapter 3: Building question bank, test, evaluation and answers

Why must build a question bank?

The question bank should be developed for the purpose of reinforcing theoretical background knowledge for students, as a reference for lecturers to compile and synthesize process tests and final exams At the same time, improving students' ability to absorb the theory as well as self-study ability in Automotive Theory

Mission of building question bank?

The questions must be built according to 4 levels including: awareness (repeat or correctly describe knowledge, skills learned); understanding (properly expressing knowledge or properly describing skills learned in the language in their own way, analyzing, explaining, comparing, directly applying known knowledge and skills to solve problems learning situations); applying (connecting and rearranging knowledge, skills learned to successfully solve situations, problems like situations, problems learned); highly manipulating (applying knowledge and skills to solve new situations and problems, unlike the situations and problems that have been instructed; giving reasonable responses to a situation, new problems

in study or in life)

Apply the question bank to the test evaluation

1 Exercises for reinforcing knowledge

2 Question Bank reviews the learning process

3 Question bank for final exam assessment

To deal with the above 3 requirements we decided to create the question bank is compiled based on the knowledge in the theoretical basis in SECTION I Including essay questions and answer for each essay, each essay contains many small questions from easy to difficult

to test students how much understanding of knowledge This bank of questions covers a wide range of content and ranges, is for reference only so that it can be used to compile test content to reinforce knowledge, process scores, as well as final exams

The question bank we created contains questions related to knowledge from 7 main basic theory chapters, so teachers can freely choose which questions to use for the knowledge reinforcement test., the test examines the student's learning progress as well as the final exam to end the course

❖ For essay assignments:

Instructors can select 10 theoretical questions and computational questions to evaluate students' learning process according to each chapter studied

❖ For the final exam at the end of the subject:

Instructors can choose from 2 to 4 theoretical questions according to important theoretical chapters And from 4 to 6 computational questions from easy to difficult to test the ability of students to apply computation to homework, to assess students' knowledge acquired through the course of studying Automotive Theory

SECTION I: QUESTIONS BANK

Exercise 1: Tire size codes

Explain the meaning of the following tire size codes:

Exercise 2 : Tire-print size and average normal stress

The curb weight of a model of Land Rover LR3 TM is

Exercise 3 : Tire-print size, radial tire

Holden TK Barina TM is a hatchback car with the following characteristics

m = 860 kg

l = 2480 mm

Exercise 4: Rolling resistance coefficient

Alfa Romeo SpiderTM has the following characteristics

Assume a1/a2 = 1.2 and use p = 27 psi

Exercise 5: Longitudinal slip

(a) Determine the longitudinal slip s for the tire P225/50R17 if R w = 0.98Rg

(b) If the speed of the wheel is v x = 100 km/ h, what would be the wheel angular velocity ω w

and equivalent angular velocity ω eq of the tire

Exercise 6 High camber angle

Consider a tire with C γ = 300 N/ deg and C α = 700 N/ deg If the camber angle is γ = 18 deg

how much lateral force will develop for a zero sideslip angle? How much sideslip angle is

needed to reduce the value of the lateral force to F y = −3000 N?

Exercise 7: Problem of tire beads

Explain what would be the possible problem for a tire that has tight or loose beads

Exercise 8: Tire of Ferrari P 4/5 by Pininfarina TM

A model of Ferrari P 4/5 by Pininfarina TM is a rear-wheel-drive sport car that uses the following tires

Front 255/35ZR20;

rear 335/30ZR20

What is the angular velocity of its tires when it is moving at the top speed v = 225 mi/ h ≈

362 km/ h?

Exercise 9: Tire of Koenigsegg CCXTM

Koenigsegg CCXTM is a sport car, equipped with the following tires

front 255/35R19;

rear 335/30R20

What is the angular speed ratio of the rear tire to the front tire?

Exercise 10: Axle load

Consider a car with the following specifications that is parked on a level road Find the load

on the front and rear axel

m=1765 kg l = 2.84 m a1 = 1.22 m a2 = 1.62 m

Exercise 11: Axle load

Consider a car with the following specification, and find the axles load

m =1245 kg

a1 = 1100mm

a2 = 1323mm

Exercise 12:: Mass center distance ratio

Peugeot 907 Concept TM approximately has the following specifications

m = 1400kg

l = 97.5 in

Assume a1/a2 ≈ 1.131 and determine the axles load

Exercise 13: Axle load ratio

Jeep Commander XKT M approximately has the following specifications

𝑚𝑔 = 5091 𝑙𝑏

𝑙 = 109.5 𝑖𝑛 Assume 𝐹𝑧1/𝐹𝑧2 ≈ 1.22 and determine the axles load

Exercise 14: Axle load and mass center distance ratio

The wheelbase of the 1981 DeLorean Sportscar is

𝑙 = 94.89 𝑖𝑛 Find the axles load if we assume

𝑎1/𝑎2 ≈ 0.831

𝑚𝑔 = 3000 𝑙𝑏

Exercise 15: Parked on an uphill road

Rolls-Royce Phantom TM has the following specifications

Determine the forces under the wheels if the car is

(a) front wheel braking

(b) rear wheel braking

(c) four-wheel braking

Exercise 16: A parked car on an downhill road

Specifications of Lamborghini Gallardo TM are

What would be the maximum road grade ϕM, that the car can be parked, if μx2 = 1

Exercise 17: A parked car on a banked road

Cadillac Escalade TM is a SUV car with

Exercise 18: Power performance

Audi R8TM with m = 1558 kg, has a V8 engine with

Exercise 19: Power and torque performance

A model of Nissan NISMO 350Z with m = 1522 kg, has a V6 engine

BMW X3TM is offered in four models with four different engines: xDrive20d, xDrive25i, xDrive30i, and xDrive30d The maximum power and torque of the models and their

associated engine speed are

PM kW ωM rpm TM N m ω rpm m kg xDrive20d 130 4000 350 1750 1750

to express the power performance of these vehicles

(b) Determine the maximum torque of each vehicle based on the analytic power performance equation Compare the calculated maximum torques with the actual values and determine which vehicle can better be modeled by analytic equation

Exercise 21: Roll center

Determine the roll center of the kinematic models of vehicles shown in Figures 1 and 2

FIGURE 1 Figure of question 21

FIGURE 2 Figure of question 21

Exercise 22: Steer axis unit vector

Determine the C expression of the unit vector uˆ on the steer axis, for a caster angle φ = 15 deg, and a lean angle θ = 8 deg

Exercise 23: Location vector and steer axis

Determine the location vector s, if the steer axis is going through the wheel center The caster and lean angles are φ = 10 deg and θ = 0 deg

Exercise 24:

FIGURE 3 A multi-link steering mechanism tha must be optimized by vary -ing x

a) Determine the global coordinates of the curvature center

b) Determine the coordinates of the curvature center in the vehicle

body coordinate

c) Determine the steer angle of the wheels if the car is always moving tangent to the road