GROUP ASSIGNMENT WATER POLLUTION CAUSED BY FACTORY WASTE IN HANOI, VIETNAM

We will go intothe detailed case of daily water consumption which has been extremely poisoned, thewater pollution caused by Da river water plant made nearly 200,000 households did nothav

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FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS

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GROUP LIST

3 Nguyễn Thị Thùy Linh 1616450069

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 4

CHAPTER 1: DEFINITION 5

1.1 Safe Water and Water Source 5

1.1.1 Water Source 5

1.1.2 Safe water 6

1.2 What is the factory’s residuals ? 6

1.3 What is water pollution ? 7

CHAPTER 2: SITUATION AND IMPACTS 8

2.1 Situation of using and distributing water in Hanoi 8

2.2 Situation of water pollution in Hanoi 11

2.3 Impacts of water pollution in Hanoi 11

CHAPTER 3: REASONS 13

3.1 Direct causes 13

3.2 Indirect causes 14

3.2.1 People’s lack of responsibility about local living environment 14

3.2.2 The government’s fund 14

3.2.3 Urban development 14

3.2.4 The easy-going standards for determination of water use 15

3.2.5 Regulation of waste oil scum in the river 15

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CHAPTER 4: SOLUTIONS 16

4.1 Government 16

4.2 Water Company 17

4.3 Residents 19

CONCLUSION 20

REFERENCES 21

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INTRODUCTION

Water is a very vital source for human beings and creatures In our daily life, there is not

a single day that people do not use water There are estimatedly about 250 liters of waterbeing used for daily activities, 1,500 liters being used for industry and 2,000 liters beingused for agriculture Water, being the vitally substance as it is, coers 44% of the humanweight of body Manufacturing one tone of paper needs 250 tons of water, one tone ofnitrate fertilizers needs 600 tons of water and the amount of water needed for producingone ton of rice flour is 1000 tons (Vietnam Environment Administration, 2009 ) Weknow how crucial water is, however; water is not ever lasting as people think 97.2% oftotal amount of water in the world is saline water, 2.15% is forever ice and only around0.65% is available for human to exploit ( GEEC n.d ) Today, when the living standard

is increasing, environment pollution has become more complicated then ever before,especially water pollution It not only has impacts on people activities but also theirhealth because of some disease are latent in dirty water Recently, the water for dailyconsumption has been extremely poisoned and this raises some serious concern for theGovernment This project’s purpose is to show information about the causes and effects

of water pollution and suggests some solutions to tackle this problem We will go intothe detailed case of daily water consumption which has been extremely poisoned, thewater pollution caused by Da river water plant made nearly 200,000 households did nothave sufficient water for daily activities The problems of weakness in protecting thepurity of the water have been pointed out and raised a serious concern for thegovernment This project’s purpose is to state information about the causes and effects

of water pollution and suggests some solutions to tackle this problem

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CHAPTER 1: DEFINITION1.1 Safe Water and Water Source

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Figure 1.1 The process of water

Source: www.britannica.com / Steven S Zumdahl

1.1.2 Safe water

Safeand readily available water is important for public health, whether it

is used for drinking, domestic use, food production or recreational purpose Sothe question is that what is the safe water that people can consume in the city ?According to WHO (2019), the safe and cleaning water source that is located on-premises, available when needed, and free from fecal and priority chemicalcontamination

1.2 What is the factory’s residuals ?

Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity whichincludes any material that is rendered useless during a manufacturing processsuch as factories, industries, mills, and mining operations Types of industrialwaste include dirt and gravel, masonry and concrete, scrap metal, oil, solvents,chemicals, scrap lumber, even vegetable matter from restaurants Industrial

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waste may be solid, liquid or gaseous It may be hazardous or non-hazardouswaste Hazardous waste may be toxic, ignitable, corrosive, reactive, orradioactive Industrial waste may pollute the air, the soil, or nearby watersources, eventually ending up in the sea

1.3 What is water pollution ?

Water pollution occurs when a body of water becomes contaminated Thecontamination could be caused by physical debris such as plastic water bottles orrubber tires, or it could be chemical such as the runoff that finds its way intowaterways from factories, farms, cities, cars, sewage treatment facilities, and airpollution Water pollution occurs any time that contaminants are discharged intoaquatic ecosystems that do not have the enough capacity to absorb or removethem

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CHAPTER 2: SITUATION AND IMPACTS2.1 Situation of using and distributing water in Hanoi

The urban water supply system in Hanoi provides 12 urban districts with

a population of about 3,7 million people, mainly using underground water from

16 water plants and local small aquifers Surface water is supplemented by Dariver’s water plant and Duong river’s water plant

According to a report of the Department of Construction, currently, thetotal water supply capacity is about 1.065.145 m3/day, of which the groundwatersource is about 629.850 m3/day; surface water source of Da River is about219.295 m3/day (total capacity of Da river water plant is 300.000 m3/day) andsurface water source of Duong river is about 150.000 m3/day (total capacity ofDuong river water plant is 300.0000 m3/day)

The urban water supply is assigned to five main water supply units: HanoiWater Company Limited (Hawacom Company); Ha Dong Water LimitedCompany (Ha Dong Clean Water Company); Clean Water Trading, Investmentand Construction JSC (Viwaco Company); Da River Clean Water InvestmentJSC (Viwasupco Company - a unit specializing in supplying surface water fromSong Da surface water plant and a number of small-scale water plants managed

by other units) and Duong river surface water JSC

Table 2.1 Distribution of water in Hanoi

Wattage Company Number of factories Supply area

m3/day

Hawacom Groundwater from 12 629.850 Hoan Kiem, Ba Dinh, Hai Ba Trung, parts of

Company water plants and 14 Hoang Mai, Dong Da, Cau Giay, Tay Ho, Bac

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small watermanaged byCompany

Surface water fromriver water plant

Ground water from

Ha Dong water plants managed by

Clean the Company

Water

Company Surface water from Da

river water plant

Water produced byViwaco company.

Company Surface water from

river water plant

Tu Liem and Long Bien districts, Thanh Xuanand Hoang Mai communes and someneighboring communes of Thanh Tri district

5.700 Gia Lam, Dong Anh, Soc Son and Me Linh.

60.000

Ha Dong district and a part of Nam Tu Liem,some communes of Thanh Oai, Hoai Duc andPhu Xuyen districts

customers about 14,111 m3/day

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Southern area (Thuong

Tin) and a number of

other water supply

companies

Source: www.vnexpress.net / Minh Hương

According to VESDEC calculations, every year the amount of watersupplied for living in Hanoi increases by 163.000 m3/day Currently the whole

city now has more than 20 factories and 15 water production stations, mainly

exploiting groundwater from over 280 wells, of which the Northern area of the

Red River has 24 wells and the Southern area of the Red River has 227 wells In

addition, in Ha Dong, Son Tay and Xuan Mai areas, there are over 20 wells The

current capacity of the entire water supply infrastructure is only from 730.000 to

830.000 m3/day

Compared to current water production, many households in Hanoi Cityhave not been able to use clean water yet There are also some other standards

for water use outside water in 2010, such as water for industrial zones (43

m3/ha), water for local industry (10 -15% of clean water supply), In

particular, continued exploitation of water sources from Da and Red Rivers is

still the target of research

2.2 Situation of water pollution in Hanoi

According to a report of Hanoi Department of Natural Resources andEnvironment, the amount of waste discharged into the water by the capital's

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residents alongside with industrial and small-scale handicraft factories, is about300.000 tons per day The component of the waste contains many toxicsubstances causing serious environmental pollution It is estimated that each yearthe amount of waste discharged into natural rivers and lakes consists of 3.600tons of organic, 317 tons of oil and grease, dozens of tons metals, solvents andmany other metals

Also according to the NUMBEO, the amount of water pollution accountsfor 80.45 % which means very high and just 19.55% of the water is qualified inHanoi area, of which means very low, so it can be seen that the drinking waterquality and accessibility in Hanoi is moderate as well as we need to improvemore in living standards Currently, the drinking water pollution andinaccessibility is over half (59.65%) positioned in Moderate showing that wemust pay attention carefully about condition of citizens

2.3 Impacts of water pollution in Hanoi

Especially, in the recent period of time, many accidents has happened,affecting the water environment, typically the dead fish series in West Lake andthe Da River Clean Water Investment JSC incident Among polluted ponds andlakes in six districts: Ba Dinh, Hoan Kiem, Dong Da, Hai Ba Trung, Cau Giayand Tay Ho, the number of ponds and lakes in Dong Da district is the mostheavily polluted

Let’s take the incident of Da River River Clean Water Investment JSC asexample On October 15, the authorities informed the results of the inspection ofwater sources in the western districts of Hanoi such as Thanh Xuan and Nam TuLiem, Hoang Mai, Cau Giay which was complained to have a strong smell andoil scum in recent days The inspection results determined that the watershed area

in Phu Minh commune, Ky Son, Hoa Binh province showed

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Hanoi Clean Water Company said that from 16 - 21h on Octorber 15, theyreceived over 2,000 phone calls for water supply support The strange smell ofwater has turned the daily life of people upside - down Many households do notdare to use "dirty" water, instead they have to buy bottled water touse or use clean water supported by other water plants.

According to Wikipedia, oil waste is usually highly toxic Toxicity andimpact of oil waste on the water ecosystem are not the same but depend on thetype of oil A number of studies around the world have reported self-reportedsymptoms and biomarkers when people were exposed to this waste water.Depending on the level of exposure can cause health effects such as allergicproblems (eyes, skin ), neurological effects (headache, dizziness ), injuriesrespiratory, liver damage, reduced immunity, even increased risk of cancer andreproductive damage

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CHAPTER 3: REASONS3.1 Direct causes

The water pollution’s cause in the recent time has been revealed that thetruck of Thanh Ha Ceramics Company (Phu Tho) carrying waste oil spilled intothe ravine of Phu Minh commune, Ky Son (Hoa Binh), then the oil spread intothe canal of the Da River Clean Water Plant An amount of 2,5 tons of oil hasbeen secretly dumped into and along with the heavy rain, the stream flows toTram steam and spreads to the channel leading to the Da river water plant Theoil consists of an excessive amount of Styrene chemicals In fact, there is noofficial document that states how styrene affects health However, there aredocuments showing that the permissible bottled water content does not exceed

100 mcg / liter of Styrene content, if exposing Styrene to 100mcg in a long timedoes not affect health (Quang Phong, 2019) This has led to extreme publicresentment due to the weakness in management of protecting the water sources.Specifically, in Hanoi, according to the Hanoi Department of Construction, thewhole city currently has only 7 wastewater treatment plants, meeting only 22%

of the daily wastewater total amount Which means up to 78% is beingdischarged directly to the environment That is the main reason why a series ofcanals and rivers in Hanoi are seriously damaged, or completely “dead” like localpeople like to call Being "dead" here is completely "frozen" by scum, gasoline,and all kinds of waste In many places, canals and ditches are clogged with newlybuilt houses causing flooding in the rainy season

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3.2 Indirect causes

3.2.1 People’s lack of responsibility about local living environment

The school syllabus has not done its job properly in educating peopleabout the importance of the environment Therefore, they don’t have enoughawareness of their actions causing major effects on their living environment

3.2.2 The government’s fund

Due to rapid urban development, the authorities have not had the chance

to improve their social environmental welfare As a result, the money spent onprotecting and holding conferences to boost people’s knowledge about theenvironment is still stagnated

3.2.3 Urban development

As the population has grown, so has the demand for housing, food, andcloth As more cities and towns are developed, they have resulted in increasinguse of fertilizers to produce more food, soil erosion due to deforestation, increase

in construction activities, inadequate sewer collection, and treatment, landfills asmore garbage is produced, increase in chemicals from industries to produce morematerials

Moreover,the rapid development of accommodating infrastructures recauses obsolescence in keeping up and updating the old, loose regulation of theMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment The World Bank's researchresults released on May 31 in Hanoi show that rapid urbanization is one of thecauses of water pollution, in which industrial wastewater is the biggest source ofpollution

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3.2.4. The easy-going standards for determination of water use

In Vietnam, the planning to determine the purpose of water use in theriver, which areas are irrigated, which areas are aquatic, and which are domesticwater, do not yet exist Water use planning is not available at the national level,

in some areas where it exists, in some areas where there is none

The former deputy general director” Hoang Duong Tung “ said that themanagement of surface water sources for clean water was still very loosening,unable to identify specific areas as clean water supply areas Other countriesstrictly regulate The area supplying drinking water must have a monitoring,safety system and incident response

3.2.5. Regulation of waste oil scum in the river

This regulation is difficult to control, vehicles often pump oil

-contaminated water directly into the Da river Not to mention the risk of shipscarrying goods containing dangerous chemicals being hit, the consequences areeven more serious Underground tanks of petrol stations and petrol trading shipsalso have potential problems

At present, the management of petroleum facilities is still very loose Thelocal government should review all risk points along both sides of the Da River,check the life and quality of tanks, underground storage of petrol stations, theoperation of factories in river basins

Tiêu đề	Water Pollution Caused by Factory Waste in Hanoi, Vietnam
Tác giả	Group 5
Trường học	Foreign Trade University
Chuyên ngành	International Economics
Thể loại	Group assignment
Năm xuất bản	2019
Thành phố	Hanoi

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