English 8 chủ đề PollutionTài liệu ôn tập tiếng anh lớp 8 Tài liệu gồm 2 phần A BPhần A Vocabulary và B Grammar + bài tập rèn luyện Exercise 1 (8 bài) và 2 (5 bài)Phần A có các từ vận liên quan chủ đề PollutionPhần B là các grammar câu điều kiện, điều kiện loại 1 loại 2 , cause and effect (mệnh đề),pronunciation trọng âm các từ có đuôi ic và al.
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blood pressure (n) /blʌd ˈpreʃə(r)/ huyết áp
dump (v) /dʌmp/ vứt, bỏ, đỗ thành đống
litter (n, v) /ˈlɪtə(r)/ rác vụn (mẫu giấy, vỏ lon ),vứt
rác
radioactive (adj) /ˌreɪdiəʊˈæktɪv/ thuộc về phóng xạ
B GRAMMAR
* CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện)
1 Các cách dùng cơ bản (Usage)
a Loại 1: Diễn tả điều có thật ở hiện tại:
- Câu điều kiện loại 1 còn có thể được gọi là câu điều kiện hiện tại có thể có thật Ta
Trang 2English 8
sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 1 để đặt ra một điều kiện có thể thực hiện được trong hiện tại và nêu kết quả có thể xảy ra
If + S + V (present simple), S + will + V(inf)
Note: V + + or + S + will/won’t + V +
=> Unless S + V + , S + will/ won’t + V +
=> If S don’t/ doesn’t + V, S + will/ won’t + V +
Eg:Study hard or you will fail the exam.
=> Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam.
=> If you don’t study hard, you will fail the exam.
Ghi chú: - Sau mệnh đề If hoặc mệnh đề Unless phải có dấu phẩy (,)
- Sau Unless không được dùng dạng phủ định
b Loại 2: Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại:
- Câu điều kiện loại 2 diễn tả sự việc, hiện tượng không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
If + S + V (past simple), S + would/could/might + V(inf)
*Note: Động từ “to be” chia là were ở tất cả các ngôi
Eg: - If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
- If I had money, I would buy the car.
* CAUSE and EFFECT (Nguyên nhân và hậu quả)
*PRONUNCIATION
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Revision 1
A PHONETICS
1 Put the stress of these words
Example: eco’nomic
1 aquatic 6 logic 11 politic
2 mechanic 7 identical 12 electrical
3 mechanical 8 public 13 romantic
4 scientific 9 plastic 14 lyrical
5.magical 10 political 15 authentic
2 Find the words that have different stress patterns in each line
1.A dramatic B rhythmic C angelic D romantic
2.A affect B algae C billboard D cholera
3.A political B electrical C identical D politic
4.A aquatic B radiation C pollution D logical
5.A industry B industrial C poison D poisonous
6.A terrific B Arabic C statistic D cosmetic
7.A arithmetic B geographic C energetic D economic
8.A linguistic B classical C phonetic D romantic
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9.A fantastic B historic C comic D symbolic
10.A oceanic B specific C ceramic D aquatic
B GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY
1 Name each type of pollution with its relevant words/phrases
1 too much use of electric lights
2 caused by the smoke and harmful gases from vehicles and factories
3 The noise which is harmful to humans and animals This includes the
sound of vehicles, loud speakers …
4 telephone towers, power lines, advertising billboards
5 radiation, land, air, water
6 lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater, contamination
7 The water temperature in stream, rivers, lakes, or oceans change
8 Earth's surface, destroy, pesticides
2 Complete the table with appropriate verbs, nouns and adjectives
1 danger dangerous
to edit 2 editing/ edited
to annoy 3 annoying/annoyed
to instruct instruction 4
5 drama dramatic
to interest interest 6
to choose 7 choosing
to heat heat 8
9 low low
3 Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets
1 Walking alone late at night can be (danger)
2 The latest (edit) of this book contains many illustrative pictures
3 Her younger sister can be (annoy) when she behaves haughtily
4 You must read the (instruct) carefully before you use the new
oven
5 We were taken aback at the (drama) changes in our village; each home
owns a computer now
6 It is always (interest) to watch the cubs at play
7 My mother advised me to be careful in my (choose) of friends
8 The (hot) makes everybody very drowsy during the lesson in class
9 The couple came here at the special (invite) of the prime minister
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10 Please (low) the volume of your voice I can even hear you from next
door
4 Choose the correct answer
1 Many species of wildlife are becoming extinct, the rainforests are being destroyed
A therefore B since C consequently D so
2 Hemp can be used to make paper, it could reduce the need for logging
A consequently B due to C so D since
3 logging provides jobs and profits, the government is reluctant to control it
4 Hemp was grown throughout history its versatility; it can be used to make many different things
5 Hempis related to the marijuana plant; It is illegal in many countries
6 The polluted chemical waste was dumped into the ocean; , the mass of fish died
7 It was guessed that the fish died a powerful toxin in the sea water
8 Many species in BC are threatened logging
9 Smoking can heart disease
10.Radioactive pollution is increasing the increased use of radioactivity
5 Combine the sentences in each pair into a new sentence that shows a cause/ effect
relationship
1 One effect of global warming is that sea levels are rising The polar ice caps are
melting (because)
2 The global population has increased There are much better levels of nutrition
(because of)
3 Nuclear explosions and detonations of nuclear weapons cause radioactive pollution
(lead to)
4 More and more roads are being built Air pollution is rising (as a consequence)
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5 In the last ten years, many BC valleys have been clear-cut 142 species of salmon have become extinct (so)
6 The fish and other aquatic animals have died The water is polluted (due to)
6 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of conditional sentence type 1
1.If people (pollute) _ the environment, a lot of animals (die) _
2.If water (consist) germs, people (get) ill
3.If the poles (melt) _, huge landmasses (be) _underwater
4.Many precious animals (disappear) , if people (cut down) trees
5.If nuclear waste (throw) _away, it (be) _very dangerous
6.If the emission of CO2 (continue) _at high rate, the climate (destroy)
7.We (save) the trees If we (save) paper
8.If schools (teach) _about environmental problems, All students (know) _ how to protect the environment
9.If more people (travel) by bike or bus, we (not have) traffic jam
10.If the government (fine) heavily to the factories, they (not dump) _sewage into the ocean
7 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of conditional sentence type 2.
1.If I (be) the president, I (pass) harder regulations for using fertilizers in agriculture
2.If I (be) _you, I (not eat) _that genetically modified potatoes
3.If big corporations (care) more about the environment and less about their own pockets, the pollution from factories (not increase) _ so fast
4.He (sort) his trash, if he (be) smart
5.If the seas (pollute) , maybe the population of whales (recover) _
6.If I (not throw) this can of Coke into the bushes, I (not know) _that Coke is poison for wild animals
7.If the factories (not dump) untreated waste into the ocean, fish (die) _massively
8.What (do) _you if you (be) President
9.If the air (not be) dirty, the breathing problems (reduce) _
10.If I (own) a lonely island, I (build) a huge house by the beach
8 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1.If you (send) this letter now, she (receive) it
tomorrow
2.Kate (go) shopping if she (have) time in the afternoon
3.She (spend) a year in the USA if it (be) easier to get a
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green card
4.If her boyfriend (phone/ not) today, she (leave) him
5.If you (go) by bike more often, you (be/ not) so flabby
6.If he (have) more time, he (earn) karate
7.He (not buy) so much clothes if he (not have)
8.If I (play) the lottery yesterday, I (have) a chance to hit the jackpot
9.If I (be) ) rich, my life (change) completely
10.I (invite) ) all my friends if I (have) ) a house by the beach
9 Write conditional sentences type I or II for these situations.
1.People eat dirty food They can have cancer
2.A factory directly discharges a large volume of waste water into the Thi Vai River The river is polluted
3.Farmers use polluted water to water their plants People eat these plants, they become sick with diseases such as diarrhea, bacterial infections, even cancer
4.Thermal pollution takes place The water temperature in streams, rivers, lakes and oceans will increase or decrease suddenly
5.People live in radioactive pollution areas They can be skin cancer
Revision 2
I Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
aquatic radioactive contaminated poison pollutant dumped sewage untreated dead effects
1 or wastewater should be treated before it is discharged into the river or ocean
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2 More and more waste and are poured into the water, the soil and the air
3 The material is stored in a special radiation-proof Container
4 Oil spills can cause the death of animals such as fish
5 sewage can spread disease and contaminate drinking water sources
6 Cholera is transmitted through water
7 The health of air pollution includes heart disease, lung cancer, and asthma
8 Carbon dioxide is a dangerous air
9 Over 150,000 tonnes of waste are annually along the coastline
10.Up to 100.000 fish were found along the river last week
II Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1 The river water is severely polluted, mostly the dumping of raw sewage
a due to
b so
c lead to
d because
2 Sudden changes in water temperature can mass killings of fish, plants, or amphibians
a thank to
b dump into
c come up
d result in
3 Water pollution the death of all forms of life in the water bodies
a occurs
b result of
c creates
d leads to
4 plastic takes so long to break down, it pollutes the land and ocean
a Due to
b Because
c Although
d Even if
5 Many flights were cancelled the smoke from forest fires
a because
b because of
c so
d result in
6 the garbage dump smells terrible, no one lives around there
a Because of
b As
c As a result of
d Even though
7 the grain consumption is rising, forests will be cut to provide more room
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for planting crops
a Since
b although
c Unless
d Due to
8 Grace didn’t love nature, she wasn’t happy when her group went camping in a jungle
a but
b and
c because
d so
9 Thousands of fish were killed a discharge of poisonous Chemicals from a nearby factory
a because
b lead to
c result in
d as a result of
10 the fog, there were no take-oils from the airport yesterday
a Since
b Because
c Owing to
d Thanks to
III Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets Use conditional sentences type 1
1 If the air in a City (get) very polluted, it can make people’s eyes burn
2 If we dump all sorts of Chemicals into rivers, we (not be) able to swim in them in the future
3 Many wildlife habitats will be destroyed if people (keep) polluting the environment
4 If we all use public transport more, we (help) reduce air pollution
5 If we (not stop) overfishing the oceans, many species (become) extinct
6 If everyone (recycle) paper, metal and glass, we (not produce)
so much rubbish
7 We (have) dirty seafood if we (dump) rubbish into the sea
8 If global warming (continue), temperatures (rise) even higher
9 If light pollution (keep) growing, you (not be) able to see even the Big Dipper at night
10.We (threaten) our own existence if we (not cut down) the waste rapidly
VI Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets Use conditional sentences type 2.
1 If people (not be) so careless, Earth wouldn’t be in danger
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packages
3 Many fish wouldn’t die if factories (not dump) so many Chemicals into rivers and oceans
4 If people stopped using cars completely, there (be) much less pollution
5 If people (buy) more recycled paper, there wouldn’t be so much waste
6 If we (not bury) Chemical waste underground, we
(not pollute) fresh water supplies
7 Pollution (not be) such an issue if governments and common people really (care)
8 What
(happen) if the whole world (be) full of pollution?
9 If people (pay) a little more attention to the environment, the Earth (be) greener
10 If people no longer (pollute) the atmosphere, the air (soon become) clean again
V Joining two sentences, using the words in brackets.
1 We must conserve water Otherwise we will face serious water shortages (IF)
2 The weather was awful We didn’t enjoy our camping holiday (BECAUSE OF)
3 Plastic bags are non-biodegradable They will remain in the environment for many years (SINCE)
4 Paul doesn’t think about the planet He wastes so much water (IF)
5 Water pollution happens Many aquatic animals such as fish can die (LEAD)
6 The climate is changing The earth is getting warmer (BECAUSE)
7 We should stop cutting down so many trees We endanger our oxygen supply (UNLESS)
8 People begin to recycle They generate much less trash (WHEN)
9 We are damaging the ozone layer The ozone layer is necessary for human existence (EVEN THOUGH)
10 Sue is suffering from skin cancer She was exposed to radiation when she was young (SO)