Nghệ thuật tuyên truyền trong văn chính luận của Nguyễn Ái Quốc – Hồ Chí Minh.Nghệ thuật tuyên truyền trong văn chính luận của Nguyễn Ái Quốc – Hồ Chí Minh.Nghệ thuật tuyên truyền trong văn chính luận của Nguyễn Ái Quốc – Hồ Chí Minh.Nghệ thuật tuyên truyền trong văn chính luận của Nguyễn Ái Quốc – Hồ Chí Minh.Nghệ thuật tuyên truyền trong văn chính luận của Nguyễn Ái Quốc – Hồ Chí Minh.Nghệ thuật tuyên truyền trong văn chính luận của Nguyễn Ái Quốc – Hồ Chí Minh.Nghệ thuật tuyên truyền trong văn chính luận của Nguyễn Ái Quốc – Hồ Chí Minh.Nghệ thuật tuyên truyền trong văn chính luận của Nguyễn Ái Quốc – Hồ Chí Minh.Nghệ thuật tuyên truyền trong văn chính luận của Nguyễn Ái Quốc – Hồ Chí Minh.Nghệ thuật tuyên truyền trong văn chính luận của Nguyễn Ái Quốc – Hồ Chí Minh.
Trang 1MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
VINH UNIVERSITY
PHAM THI NHU THUY
THE PROPAGANDA ART
IN NGUYEN AI QUOC - HO CHI MINH’S ARTICLES ON POLITICAL AND SOCIAL LIFE
Major: Vietnamese Literature
Code: 9220121
SUMMARY
SUPERVISOR: ASSOC PROF DR PHAN HUY DUNG
NGHE AN - 2022
Trang 2INTRODUCTION
1 Rationales of the research
1.1 Among the rich works of Ho Chi Minh, articles on political and social life have a
special position, playing a great role in influencing the reality of life and expressingimportant political-humanist ideas, which are related to the destiny of the wholenation and the fate of Vietnamese people in the era of the proletarian revolution andthe movement for national liberation Through Ho Chi Minh's political works,readers can see the presence of a very unique style of propaganda - persuasion,which needs to be studied more extensively on the basis of new data andapproaches
1.2 In general, Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh’s articles on political and social life is
really unique, vividly expressing Ho Chi Minh's personality and culture with diversewriting styles, coherent and persuasive arguments, impressive images, changingtone and concise expression As a result, these works have captivated readers Thus,Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh’s articles on political and social life is a valuablespiritual value in Ho Chi Minh's thought system, which needs to be furtherevaluated in the spirit of objectivity and science so that today's generation candetermine the correct inheritance direction
1.3 The heritage of Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh’s articles on political and social life
is still topical His works are not only of historical value, but also contain great ideas
as models of the art of writing articles on political and social life, debates andpolemics Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and point out the characteristics ofpropaganda art in order to draw lessons for revolutionary propaganda in the form ofwords - literature Moreover, the articles on political and social life have animportant position in the Literature at general school today, therefore, a deepunderstanding Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh’s articles on political and social life
is also meaningful in providing and consolidating the general knowledge forteachers and students
Those are rationales of the research topic: The propaganda art in Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho
Chi Minh’s articles on political and social life.
2 Objects and scope of the research
2.1 Objects
The thesis focuses on studying the propaganda art of Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh'sarticles on political and social life through historical periods and the issues of methodologicalsignificance, literary history and genre arising from it
Trang 32.2 Scope
The thesis examines the entire Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh’s articles on politicaland social life, which is collected and printed in the Ho Chi Minh’s Complete Works (15volumes, The Truth National Political Publishing, Hanoi, 2011)
3 Objectives and tasks of the research
3.1 Objectives
The thesis aims at affirming the great values of Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh'sarticles on political and social life, drawing lessons from experience in articles on political andsocial life so that it can be applied to social, literary and artistic life
3.2 Mission
- An overview of the propaganda art in Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh's articles on political andsocial life and the estanlishment of a theoretical basis for the the implementation of academiccontent
- Systematize, statistic and classify Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh’s articles on political and sociallife and point out the historical and propaganda value of this work
- Analyze the content and characteristics of Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh's articles on politicaland social life through specific historical periods, thereby evaluating the effectiveness of theseworks in serving the nation's revolutionary struggle
- Draw lessons on writing political articles, enhancing the propaganda power of this genre
4 Research Methods
The thesis uses the following main research methods:
– Typological method: The method allows the researcher to survey, learn, and evaluate Nguyen
Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh’s articles on political and social life as a specialized object,distinguishing it from other types of compositions such as fiction and non-fiction prose, lyricpoetry and revolutionary propaganda poetry
- Biographical method: The method supports the researcher to prove the high unity between HoChi Minh's human characteristics and works during his revolutionary activities; Also, thismethod proves the source of great persuasion from those articles on political and social life
- Analytical and synthesis method: This is a common method in scientific research, both towardsanalyzing and demonstrating specific objects and identifying general characteristics, allowingresearchers to come up with well-grounded arguments, based on handling a rich and complexvolume of data
– Systemic – structural method: The thesis explores Nguyen Ai Quoc – Ho Chi
Trang 4Minh’s articles on political and social life as a subsystem in his writing system, and alsoanalyzes the elements of this subsystem as a structure with close relationships.
- Comparative and contrasting method: With this method, the researcher shows a flexible andeffective change in the propaganda art of Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh's articles on politicaland social life whenever the subject moves and changes
- Interdisciplinary research method: This method points out the cultural roots of Nguyen Ai Quoc
- Ho Chi Minh's articles on political and social life In addition, this method helps theresearcher to clearly see the influence of complicated political and social conditions on hisworks in different times of the revolutionary struggle for for national liberation and determinethe development path of the country
5 New contributions of the dissertation
The thesis clearly identifies the factors that make up a particular propaganda andpersuasive style of Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh's articles on political and social life - whichmost previous studies have not paid attention to survey and evaluate as a specialized object.The thesis also points out and comprehensively analyzes the artistic methods used by Ho ChiMinh in articles to convince each specific recipient
6 The dissertation structure
In addition to the Introduction, Conclusion and References, the main content of the thesis consists of 4 Chapters:
Chapter 1: Theoretical basis and overview of the research problems
Chapter 2: Identification and location the heritage of Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh’s articles on political and social life;
Chapter 3: Propaganda characteristics in Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh's articles on political and social life from the content’s view;
Chapter 4: Propaganda characteristics in Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh's articles on political and social life from an artistic perspective
Trang 5Chapter 1 THEORETICAL BASIS AND OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEMS
1.1 Some theoretical issues about political literature
1.1.1 The concept of political literature
Due to the influence of political science and topicality, political literature deals with hotpolitical and life issues, and is close to many people; therefore, it is interested by the public Inaddition, in the political literature, there are not only life problems but also solutions that areclearly stated In fact, the Dictionary of literary terms and Literary Dictionary (new series)written by Vietnamese authors, Literary Encyclopedia of the Academy of Sciences of theSoviet Union as well as many literature theory textbooks commonly used in Vietnameseuniversities and colleges today are almost monograph unanimously recognized as such
1.1.2 Functionality of political literature
Many monographs on discourse literature (especially in the Middle Ages) have come to
a common perception: Political literature is always associated with the socio- political andcultural life of the country and the times Therefore, the writer have to apply the laws, conceptsand terms of political science and have to identify a certain political position Moreover,political literature always discuss hot and urgent current issues of the community, which are ofgreat interest to many people It is not only to reflect but also to give timely solutions Thus,the writer have to show a keen sense of the times and consciously participate in solving hotissues raised by life
1.1.3 The particular aesthetic of political literature
Phuong Luu (A Theoretical researcher) wrote: "In particular, the ability to transformfrom a political text into a literary work can be seen from the following aspects: First of all,consider the inspiration of the subject in political literature, the writer informs, argues,discusses the issue, but with all enthusiasm defends the truth that he pursues In fact, reason andargument here have matured, are closely linked or transformed into feelings As a result, thepolitical literature has approached the law of art The above view is generally very close to theview of many other authors on this issue, thus, it has a certain representative meaning
1.2 Theoretical basis of research on propaganda art in Nguyen Ai Quoc
- Ho Chi Minh's articles on political and social life
1.2.1 Social responsibility of the writer
Like many other patriots and revolutionaries, Ho Chi Minh always clearly
Trang 6defined the responsibility of the writer He often emphasized the point of view of using pen
as a weapon of struggle, both denouncing feudalism, colonialism, and invaders, whilepropagandizing and encouraging all the masses to work and build a new life and fight for thecause of national reunification
1.2.2 The relationship between art and propaganda
As an author and as an art director, Ho Chi Minh regularly determines and requires thatworks (both fiction and propaganda literature) must be 100% guaranteed in terms of contentand art That means, without bias, all must aim for high quality work Not only that, herepeatedly mentioned his own experience in cultivating writing and criticizing the picky andrambling writing style
1.2.3 The unity between the qualities of a revolutionary and an artist in Nguyen Ai
Quoc - Ho Chi Minh
During Ho Chi Minh's life, he has always shown the quality of a man full of integrityand mettle In fact, at a meeting with the Vietnamese Buddhist delegation at the PresidentialPalace, Ho Chi Minh said: "I also study Buddhism and remember a sentence: If I don't go tohell to save sentient beings, who will?" Ho Chi Minh's prayer expressed his wish: "I have onlyone desire, the ultimate desire, to make our country completely independent, our peoplecompletely free, all compatriots have food, cloth, and an education." That is also the
"compassion" that the Buddha taught That compassion shows up consistently in Ho Chi Minh'sperson and life, from words to deeds, from the time he traveled abroad to find a way to save thepeople and the country, until he became the President of Vietnam
1.2 Overview of research on propaganda art in Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh's articles on political and social life
1.2.1 Research on the overarching value of Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh's articles on political
and social life
There have been many comments from writers, poets, and historians on a number of
works such as the Declaration of Independence and the Will In fact, some opinions of overseas
Vietnamese scholars on Ho Chi Minh's articles on political and social life with its connections,comments and assessments in general relation to the whole revolutionary life as well as hisliterary and poetic career For example, some typical authors can be mentioned: E Serner(Germany), J Budaren (France), N Khrushchev (Russia), M Lombacdo (Mexico), S.A Phoninand E Kobelev (Russia), Thinaung (Myanmar), L Ogungieran (Mongolia), D Cheerrixian(Cuban) etc…
A number of works and opinions emphasize the propaganda character of
Trang 7Nguyen Ai Quoc Ho Chi Minh's articles on political and social life such as Ho Chi Minh The convergence of the quintessence of human kind (Hai Trieu Le, 2007, Culture – InformationPublishing House); Uncle Ho with international friends (Tran Quan Ngoc, 2013, Ho Chi MinhCity General Publishing House), Mirror of righteousness is morality (Starobin, 2003), Nguyen
-Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh: About the author and works (Nguyen Nhu Y, Educational PublishingHouse); Uncle Ho as we know (J Stern, 1985, recorded by Tran Duong, Youth PublishingHouse Youth), etc
1.2.2 Research on propaganda characteristics in Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh’s articles on
political and social life.
Politicians, scholars, researchers with typical works on this topic are Pham Van Dong,Nguyen Khanh Toan, Tran Van Giau, Pham Huy Thong, Hoai Thanh, Hoang Xuan Nhi, VuKhieu, Truong Chinh, Do Duc Hieu, Hoang Ngoc Hien, Phung Van Tuu, Nguyen Nghiep, HaMinh Duc, Thanh Duy, Nguyen Dang Manh, Nguyen Duc Nam, Phong Le, etc In which, it can
be said that Nguyen Dang Manh is one of the researchers who have really proposed issues ofmethodological significance for the study of Ho Chi Minh's poetry and literature He proved theunique beauty of propaganda literature in Ho Chi Minh's writing career
In recent years, the research on Ho Chi Minh's poetry and literature seems to be quiet.This shows the urgency of studying the value of Ho Chi Minh’s works in a new spirit with newfacts brought by the progress of literary science
Summary of Chapter 1
On the basis of description, analysis, identification of research results and achievements
of Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh's articles on political and social life both at home andabroad during the past century, the thesis determines the theoretical basis of research, inheritsthe achievements of the previous generation and applies the narration theory, new perception
of the "intertextual" feature to emphasize the characteristics, structure, tone, language and art ofpropaganda in Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh’s articles on political and social life
Trang 8Chapter 2 IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION THE HERITAGE OF NGUYEN AI QUOC -
HO CHI MINH’S ARTICLES ON POLITICAL AND SOCIAL LIFE
2.1 The heritage of political literature in medieval Vietnamese literature
2.1.1.The political literature from the 10th century to the end of the 18th century
Referring to the political literature of the Ly - Tran dynasties, we can mention Moving
the Capital by Ly Thai To, Phat Tong lo bo van by Ly Thuong Kiet, Du chu ti tuong hich van
(also known as Hich tuong si) by Tran Quoc Tuan.
At the turn of the 15th century, it is worth mentioning first of all that Quan Trung tu
menh tap with 62 documents and letters written by Nguyen Trai on behalf of Le Loi to the
Minh generals and Binh Ngo Dai Cao - a work is considered by posterity to be "an ancient
heroic literature"
In the period of 16-18th centuries, Ngo Thi Nham (1746-1803) was most prominent inpolitical literature
2.1.2 The political literature in the nineteenth century
In the context of the French invasion, during Tu Duc’s reign, the political literature ofNguyen Truong To and Nguyen Lo Trach raised the demand for national renewal in thestruggle with French and Western capitalism
2.2 Political literature in the era of national liberation and revolution
2.2.1 Diversity of political ideas
Under the French colonial rule, from the end of the 19th century, Vietnam had greatchanges in all aspects, with the conflict of many ideological sources In fact, the nationalliberation struggle movement developed strongly under the guidance of many differentrevolutionary ideals As a result, this has had a profound effect on the composition, making it
no longer seem as homogeneous as in previous periods It is only natural that political literaturealso bears that mark of the times This can be clearly seen through the works of people standing
in different positions in society, having different views on the future and destiny of the country
2.2.2 New forms of the political literature
In terms of genre, modern Vietnamese political literature has gradually moved awayfrom the genres of hich, cao, chieu, bieu, etc., towards works associated with the press.However, the author of this genre is not much compared to the achievements in creating imagesand fictions
Trang 9In terms of language, political literature in the early twentieth century was no longerinfluenced by ancient Chinese literature The National language (Quoc Ngu) and Westernculture have invaded and replaced the previous language and composition method Manypolitical literature in this period were written in French and published in foreign newspapersand magazines.
2.3 The heritage of Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh’s articles on political and social life
2.3.1.Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh’s articles on political and social life from a quantitative
perspective
According to Ho Chi Minh Complete Works (15 volumes), in 3,300 works written from
1910 to 1969, Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh wrote 228 political literature addressingcommon problems of the country, of which 129 were for education
In addition, Ho Chi Minh signed 174 different pseudonyms under his works, while thenumber of pseudonyms associated with stories and poems is very limited
Looking at the quantitative view of the means and forms of dissemination, it can be seenthat Ho Chi Minh's articles on political and social life are present in many kinds of newspapers,magazines, books, official letters, letters, e-mail; reports, appeals, congratulations,encouragements, short comments; analysis, comment, essay, comment, talk, translation andsummary, etc In fact, there are few works that can match the spreading ability like Ho ChiMinh's articles on political and social life on various domestic and foreign press This showsthe extensive knowledge, the ability to respond flexibly to different types of newspapers, therequirements of each type of topic, each propaganda object, and different levels and interests ofreaders
2.3.2.Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh’s articles on political and social life through two
revolutionary periods
From 1911 to 1941
Nguyen Ai Quoc's articles on political and social life were written during this periodwere aimed at uncovering the wrongdoings of the colonial regime, the policy of colonization,the fate of workers in the country; also, there were reports, requests and proposals on therevolutionary lines of Vietnam, Indochina, the Asian region, the national liberation movementand the world proletarian revolution in general The emphasis here is on the concern and theexpansion of observation and reflection in Ho Chi Minh's articles on political and social life onthe fate of the colonies from Annam to Indochina and Asia, to the colonies of the New World,the Black Continent, Africa
Trang 10and Latin America.
After spending time in France, Nguyen Ai Quoc traveled to many different countries,including Russia, China, and Thailand During this time, Ho Chi Minh wrote about 200 articles,mainly political reports, social events reports, and emphasizing the revolutionary movements inChina and Vietnam to the Communist International
From 1941 to 1969
According to Ho Chi Minh Complete Works, from volume 3 to volume 15,
published in 2011, during 28 years (1941 - 1969), Ho Chi Minh wrote about 2500 articles
on political and social life In fact, because of collaborating with many newspapers, writingfor many purposes, many issues, serving many audience as well as with many differentexpression forms, he has used about 90 out of 175 pseudonyms Unlike the first period, whichmainly wrote articles in foreign languages, this period, Ho Chi Minh mainly wrote politicalliterature in Vietnamese and printed them in various domestic newspapers In fact, Ho ChiMinh paid special attention to writing articles for Nhan Dan newspaper (The Central Organ ofthe Communist Party of Vietnam) Over 18 years (1951 - 1969), Ho Chi Minh published 1,206
articles in NhanDan newspaper with 23 pseudonyms
The quantitative, comparative study of Ho Chi Minh's articles on political and social lifebefore and after 1941 shows that in the previous period, the author used many foreignpseudonyms, in favor of refering to national and international struggles, mostly written inforeign languages and were not propagated publicly, or even confidentially In another hand, at
a later period, Ho Chi Minh often used familiar pseudonyms in a number of topics andcategories, focusing on domestic, specific, topical issues, mainly written in Vietnamese andwidely published to regions and to different recipients
2.3.3.General assessment of thought, art and impact of Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh's articles
on political and social life
Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh’s articles on political and social life have similaritieswith stories and poems in emphasizing workers’ rights and awakening the compatriots Forexample, Ho Chi Minh's Prison Diary (1942-1943) with 135 articles also has a deepcompatibility with the policital literature style in the brave spirit, the will to overcomehardships and the humorous and optimistic voice, believing in the future of the country
Later, when the main audience were the people of all classes, his works were
Trang 11considerate, close, respectful, and humble, accordingly, the propaganda in the politicalliterature also took on a different color The goal is to make people feel light, easy tounderstand, remember and implement It is no coincidence that poetry is widely used by Ho ChiMinh to convey political content.
In addition, during the resistance war against the US, he spoke strongly in his summons,deeply affecting the soldiers and compatriots with his determination to fight the enemy andbelieve in victory tomorrow
In general, the specific elements of communication situations are always exploited by
Ho Chi Minh in his articles on political and social life In fact, in each specific communicationsituation, the choice of language and form is always considered so that the works not onlyreflect social reality but also have a strong impact on the perception of the audience Thus, itcan be said that the propaganda political literature of Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh has had aprofound impact on the public mainly because of its ideology and ability to conquer andinspire
Summary of Chapter 2
The Vietnamese political literature has a long tradition of development, starting from the10th century, through the Middle Ages to the early modern and modern period On the basis ofstudying the appearance, characteristics and great achievements of medieval, early-modern andmodern political literature with outstanding authors, it is possible to clearly identify thecontinuity, development and position of Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh’s articles on politicaland social life It is clear that Ho Chi Minh’s works has a traditional inheritance but is alsodifferent from previous patriotic writers and revolutionaries in terms of purpose, object, contentand propaganda art In addition, the statistics and classification based on many criteria such aspurpose, political basis, geography, culture, pseudonym, language means, transmission method,number of works, popular form and audience, etc a high consistency between Ho Chi Minh'spersonality and the political literature writer - who took literature as a means and weapon ofrevolutionary struggle
Trang 12Chapter 3 PROPAGANDA CHARACTERISTICS IN NGUYEN AI QUOC
- HO CHI MINH'S ARTICLES ON POLITICAL AND SOCIAL LIFE FROM
THE CONTENT’S VIEW
3.1.The deep consciousness of the recipients - a condition to ensure the persuasiveness of Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh's articles on political and social life
3.1.1 Consciousness of the recipients in Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh's articles on political and
social life
3.1.1.1 Clear consciousness of the recipients - an expression of the new relationship between author
and reader in modern literary life
The clear consiousness of the recipient demonstrates Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh'sability to engage, grasp and master the situation in the relationship between the author and thereaders, highlighting the topicality and effectiveness in propaganda activities when usingpolitical literature as a weapon of revolutionary struggle This is also the condition, criteria andbasis for classifying Ho Chi Minh's articles on political and social life according to manydifferent subjects, topics, scope, strategies and different objects
3.1.1.2 The expression of consciousness about the recipients when writing articles on political and
social life of Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh
From sympathy and understanding of the propaganda recipients, Ho Chi Minh createdappropriate discourses, aimed at common goals, suggested specific tasks, and created empathywith encouragement and sharing
It can be built into many pairs of opposites to identify signs of a clear consciousness ofthe recipients in Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh's articles on political and social life: TheVietnamese people and the invaders, French-American peace-loving and hawkish French-American government, the oppressed working class and the rulers, the new and the old society,the good and bad activities within Vietnamese In particular, the above-mentioned contrastingevidences about national and ethnic conflicts, between the struggle for national liberationand the invaders,
Trang 13human values and enemy crimes are the challenges of Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh'sthought when he identifies the recipients in his articles on political and social life.
3.1.2 The system of recipients in Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh's articles on political and social
life.
3.1.2.1 The recipients are class and ideological enemies
When facing the aggressors, Ho Chi Minh used language suitable for each specific objectand individual, clearly indicated the responsibilities of government organizations, emphasizedfactions, criticized wrong lines, etc
3.1.2.2 The recipients are the masses and progressive humanity
In all fields of work, Ho Chi Minh affirmed that it has to come from the views and interests
of the people Being attached to the people is always the principle of thought and action of Ho ChiMinh
It can be said that the elements of the situation and the object of communication in Ho ChiMinh's articles on political and social life have extremely important characteristics: fromhistorical context to social position; recipients; purpose and subject of reflection All of theseelements have their own characteristics and change over different historical periods (before andafter 1941) Therefore, together with other elements of political literature, they play an importantrole in strongly influencing the author's writing process such as the choice of words, forms suitablefor each specific objects and communication contexts to strongly influence perception and bringpeople into revolutionary processes that change themselves and their circumstances
3.1.2.3 The simultaneous targeting of different recipients in the political literature
The simultaneous targeting of different recipients in the same political literature reflectsNguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh’s interest in people, events and political, economic, and culturallife at large This creates a compactness in a political literature that propagates many differentcontents, also gives many recipients useful perceptions and lessons
3.1.3 Propaganda effectiveness from understanding the recipients in Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi
Minh's articles on political and social life.
Understanding the recipients has created a great propaganda effect for Nguyen Ai Quoc
- Ho Chi Minh’s articles on political and social life At any stage of Ho Chi