th ng 5 n m 2003Quy t � � � ��nh c a B tr� � ��ng b x y d ngV vi c ban h nh Ti u chu n� � � � � � � �
x y d ng Vi t NamTCXD VN 293 : 2003 '' Ch ng n ng cho nh Ch d n thi t k ''� � � � � � � � � � � �
v c li n quan ch u tr ch nhi m thi h nh Quy t � � � � � � � � ��nh n y /.N i nh n :� � �
K/T b tr� ��ng b x y � �
d ng- Nh i u 3� � � �
Th tr� ��ng- T ng C c TC LCL- L u VP&V KHCN� � � � � PGS.TSKH Nguy n V n Li nTCXDVN Ti u chu n x y d ng � � � � � � �
vi t namTCXDVN 293 :2003Ch ng n ng cho nh - ch d n thi t k Anti - heating of � � � � � � � � �dwelling - Design guide H n i- 2003� �
Trang 3L i n i � � ��uTCXDVN.293-2003 Ch ng n ng cho nh Ch d n thi t k do Vi n � � � � � � � � Ք �Nghi n c u Ki n tr c - B X y d ng bi n so n, V Khoa h c C ng ngh - B X y � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
d ng � �� ngh v � � ���c B X y d ng ban h nh.Ti u chu n x y d ng vi t namCh ng n ng� � � � � � � � � � �cho nh - ch d n thi t k Anti - heatting of dwelling - Design guidePh m vi p � � � � � � � �
d ng� Ch d n n y p d ng thi t k ch ng n ng cho c c lo i nh khi x y m i � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
ho c c i t o Ch d n n y kh ng p d ng cho nh ng c ng tr nh t m, l n tr i, c ng� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
tr��ng, c c c ng tr nh ng m, c c c ng tr nh � � � � � � � ��c bi t � Ch th ch: � �
1 Khi thi t k ch ng n ng cho nh , ngo i vi c p d ng c c quy � � � � � � � � � � � ��nh trong ch �
d n n y c n tham kh o th m c c quy chu n, ti u chu n hi n h nh c li n quan � � � � � � � � � � � � �
2 ��i v i c c lo i nh kh c, c ng c th tham kh o ch d n n y, nh ng ph i l a� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
ch n c c th ng s t nh to n th ch h p Ti u chu n tham chi uTCVN 5687-1992 -� � � � � � � � � � �
Th ng gi , i u ti t kh ng kh s� � � � � � � ��i m- Ti u chu n thi tk TCVN 4605-1988 - K � � � � � �thu t nhi t - K t c u ng n che Ti u chu n thi t k TCVN 4088-1985 - S ki u � � � � � � � � � � �
kh h u d ng trong thi t k x y d ng.TCVN 5718-1993 - M i v s n b t ng c t � � � � � � � � � � � � �
th p trong c ng tr nh x y d ng Y u c u k thu t ch ng th m n� � � � � � � � � � � ��c.TCXD 230-1998-
N n nh ch ng n m- Ti u chu n thi t k v thi c ngTCXD 232-1999 - H th ng th ng� � � � � � � � � � � � �
gi , i u ho kh ng kh v c p l nh - Ch t o, l p � � � � � � � � � � � � ��t v nghi m thu Quy chu n � � �
X y d ng Vi t Nam TCVN 237-1999-Ch ng n m cho nh Thu t ng - � � � � � � � � � ��nh ngh a Bi n � � dao ng nhi t At[0C]: L tr s tuy t i c a ch nh l ch gi a tr s
nhi t � �� cao nh t (ho c tr s th p nh t) v i nhi t � � � � � � � � �� trung b nh ng y � � ��m khi nhi t � �� dao ��ng bi u hi n ra t nh chu k Qu n t nh nhi t D: Ch m c � � � � � � � � � �� t ng �
gi m nhanh hay ch m c a dao � � � ��ng nhi t � �� b n trong k t c u bao che khi ch u t c� � � � �
ng c a d ng nhi t dao ng V i k t c u bao che v t li u n nh t, D= RS; v i
k t c u bao che nhi u l p v t li u D = (RS Trong � � � � � � ��, R l nhi t tr , S l h s� � � � � �
tr nhi t c a v t li u Tr s D c ng l n, dao � � � � � � � � � ��ng nhi t � �� suy gi m c ng � �nhanh, �� � n ��nh nhi t c a k t c u bao che c ng t t.T nh n � � � � � � � � ��nh nhi t: L kh � � �
n ng ch ng l i dao � � � ��ng nhi t � �� c a k t c u bao che d� � � ��i t c � ��ng nhi t c t nh� � �chu k Nhi t tr c a k t c u bao che nh h� � � � � � � ��ng ch y u � � ��n t nh n � � ��nh nhi t �
T nh n � � ��nh nhi t c a c n ph ng l n ng l c ch ng l i dao � � � � � � � � � ��ng nhi t � �� c a c � �
c n ph ng d� � ��i t c d ng c a nhi t chu k trong ngo i nh T nh n � � � � � � � � � ��nh nhi t c a� �
c n ph ng � � ���c quy t � ��nh b i t nh n � � � ��nh c a k t c u bao che.T l di n t ch � � � � � � �
c a s - t� � ��ng: T l di n t ch c a s v i di n t ch t� � � � � � � � � ��ng xung quanh c n ph ng � � (t c l di n t ch c bao che b i chi u cao t ng c a c n ph ng v ng nh
v gian ph ng).S l n gi m bi n � � � � � � �� V0 v th i gian l ch pha S0(h): K t c u bao � � � � �che d��i t c � ��ng c a dao � ��ng nhi t � �� t ng h p Dao � � ��ng nhi t � �� gi m d n � �theo �� d y, bi n � � �� dao ��ng ng y c ng nh Tr s t l gi a bi n � � � � � � � � � �� dao ��ng nhi t � �� t ng h p, ngo i nh v i bi n � � � � � � �� dao ��ng nhi t � �� m t trong, A0i g i l� � �
1, ph l c 2 v ph l c 3 c a ti u chu n TCVN 5687-1992- Th ng gi , i u ti t � � � � � � � � � � � � �
kh ng kh v s� � � ��i m- Ti u chu n thi t k ho c c c th ng s vi kh h u c a ng� � � � � � � � � � � � ��i
Vi t Nam.4.2 Th ng s kh h u t nh to n ngo i nh l y theo TCVN 4088-1985- S � � � � � � � � � � �
li u kh h u d ng trong x y d ng v c c ti u chu n hi n h nh c li n quan.4.3 � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Tu m c � � ��ch t nh to n, v ng ti n nghi c a ng� � � � � ��i Vi t Nam trong nh � � � ���c x c �
nh v i nhi t kh ng th p h n 21,50C khi ch ng n ng 4.4 Khi t nh to n c ch
nhi t cho nh c s d ng thi t b i u ho kh ng kh v c c thi t b s� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��i -
l m m t kh c th c n x t � � � � � � ��n ch ti u v sinh s c kho sinh l v i ch nh l ch � � � � � � � � �nhi t � �� kh ng kh th p nh t trong nh v ngo i nh , kh ng � � � � � � � � � ���c l n h n 5oC.� �4.5.Khi thi t k nh , c n s d ng c c gi i ph p ki n tr c v v t l x y d ng � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � thi t k k t c u bao che nh m gi c nhi t, tr nh gi l nh v m a ng; m
b o th ng tho ng, t n d ng th ng gi t nhi n, gi xuy n ph ng v m a h , k t � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
h p v i s d ng qu t b n, qu t tr n theo nh quy � � � � � � � � � ��nh trong ti u chu n TCVN � �4605: 1988 " K thu t nhi t - K t c u ng n che - Ti u chu n thi t k " nh m � � � � � � � � � � � ��m
Trang 4b o i u ki n ti n nghi m i tr� � � � � � ��ng trong nh 4.6 Tr� ��ng h p s d ng nh ng bi n � � � � �
ph p k thu t th ng gi - i u ti t kh ng kh v s� � � � � � � � � � � ��i m, � �� ��m b o ti n nghi � �
m i tr� ��ng, c c th ng s vi kh h u ti n nghi v gi i h n ti n nghi vi kh h u � � � � � � � � � � � �
b n trong nh c n tu n theo quy � � � � ��nh TCVN 5687-1992- Th ng gi , i u ti t kh ng � � � � � �
kh , s� ��i m- Ti u chu n thi t k 4.7 Tr� � � � � ��ng h p s d ng th ng gi t nhi n cho� � � � � � �
nh kh ng th � � � � ��m b o � ���c i u ki n ti n nghi vi kh h u, c n t ng t c � � � � � � � � � ��chuy n � ��ng kh ng kh � � �� gi � ���c ch ti u c m gi c nhi t trong ph m vi cho � � � � � �
ph p Khi nhi t � � �� trong ph ng t ng 10C, c n t ng t c � � � � � �� gi t 0,5m/s � � ��n 1m/s
Gi i h n tr n ng v i kh n ng ch u � � � � � � � � ��ng c a c th v i nhi t � � � � � �� b ng t= �37,50C, �� � m ( = 80% i u ki n l m vi c t nh t i.4.8 Khi thi t k h th ng � � � � � � � � � � � �
n m cho n n nh ph i tu n theo quy � � � � � ��nh trong TCXD 230-1998-n n nh ch ng n m- � � � �
Ti u chu n thi t k v thi c ng5 X c � � � � � � � ��nh th ng s kh h u t nh to n ngo i nh� � � � � � � �Khi ch n th ng s t nh to n kh h u ngo i nh c n ph i tham kh o ti u chu n TCVN� � � � � � � � � � � � � �4088-1985- S li u khi h u d ng trong x y d ng.6 Y u c u chung khi thi t k � � � � � � � � � �
ch ng n ng m a h 6.1 Y u c u chung6.1.1 Ch ng n ng v m a h cho nh c n � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
d ng nh ng bi n ph p t ng h p nh che ch n n ng v c ch nhi t k t c u bao che, � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
tr ng c y xanh, th ng gi t nhi n (xem ph l c D).6.1.2 � � � � � � � � ��i v i nh , c g ng� � � � �
6.1.3.C n u ti n � � � ��n gi tr c ti p, h n ch � � � � � ��n m c th p nh t c c c n h kh ng � � � � � � �
c gi Trong tr� � ��ng h p c n h kh ng � � � � ���c th ng gi tr c ti p, th ph i c gi i� � � � � � � �
ph p � �� ��n gi gi n ti p v c g ng th ng gi xuy n ph ng.6.1.4 Tr ng c y xanh� � � � � � � � � � � �
c n l a ch n c y r ng l v o m a � � � � � � � � ��ng �� t n d ng nh n ng s� � � � ��i v chi u s ng � � �cho nh - v nhi u l v o m a h � � � � � � � �� che ch n n ng Xung quanh nh c n b tr � � � � � �
th m c - c y xanh th ch h p � � � � � �� gi m c c b m t � � � � ��t, ���ng x c h s to nhi t� � � � � �
v t ch lu nhi t l n � � � � �
Ch th ch: C n tham kh o m c 8 - Thi t k th ng gi t nhi n c a b n h� � � � � � � � � � � � � ��ng d n �
n y.Khi tr ng c y c n b tr : c y cao c c h� � � � � � � � � ��ng che n ng m a h : T y, T y Nam� � � � �Khi nh kh ng � � ��n gi tr c ti p, c th tr ng c y b i l m b r o ho c x y t� � � � � � � � � � � � � ��ng
l ng nh ra cu i n i gi v o l m t ng v ng p l c gi d� � � � � � � � � � � � ��ng Ph a khu t gi c n � � � �
x y b c t� � ��ng l ng t o th nh lu ng gi t v ng p l c d� � � � � � � � � ��ng sang v ng p l c m � � � �qua c c ph ng C ch n y � � � � � ��m b o th ng gi xuy n ph ng t t ( xem h nh E3 ph � � � � � � � �
c ch nhi t theo m i h� � � ��ng v o m a h v m a � � � � � ��ng (xem ph l c F).� � Nhi t � ��
b m t trong c a m i tr n, t� � � � � ��ng ngo i h� ��ng ��ng - T y - Nam ph i � � ���c ki m tra�
m b o nh h n nhi t cho ph p.6.1.8 ch ng n ng cho nh kh ng n n
Trang 5L p l t m t n n n n d ng v t li u h t m (xem t nh to n c th ti u chu n � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �TCXD 230-1998 - N n nh ch ng n m- Ti u chu n thi t k v thi c ng)6.1.10 � � � � � � � � � � ��
gi m c m gi c t m l v n ng - l nh trong ph ng c n s d ng h p l v t li u � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
t��ng ng v m u s c c h s ph n x nhi t b m t ph h p v i c m th m u s c � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
c a ng� ��i Vi t Nam (xem ph l c H)6.1.11 B m t ngo i c ng tr nh n n s d ng � � � � � � � � � � �
m u nh t, c h s h p th nhi t b c x m t tr i nh nh m gi m thi u t i tr ng � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �nhi t t c � � ��ng v o t� ��ng nh m a h 6.1.12 � � � ��i v i nh m i b ng hay m i d c, � � � � � �
qu n t nh nhi t nh ; (tham kh o ti u chu n TCVN 5718-1993 - M i v s n b t ng � � � � � � � � � � � �
c t th p trong c ng tr nh x y d ng Y u c u k thu t ch ng th m n� � � � � � � � � � � � ��c.).To n b � �
c ng tr nh n n d ng v t li u nh , cho ph p ngu i nhanh nh gi t nhi n.6.1.13 � � � � � � � � � � � � �
C th � � �� tr ng m t ph n hay to n b t ng m t � � � � � � � �� ��n gi , t ng th ng xuy n � � � �
ph ng, ch ng m cho s n t ng m t v th ng gi cho nh ng nh v tr b t l i � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
ph a sau6.1.14 � ��i v i nh th p t ng (kh ng qu 3 t ng), n n b tr c s n � � � � � � � � � � � � �trong, c tr ng c y xanh � � � �� t o vi kh h u v th ng gi t nhi n t t.6.1.15 � � � � � � � � � ��i
kh � ��c kh c trong v ngo i nh v a t o c nh quan v a l m trong l nh m i tr� � � � � � � � � � � ��ng
kh ng kh trong, ngo i nh (v c c th n kh , xit manh , x t l u hu nh c� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �nhi t tr l n h n xi-nit v kh ng kh th ng th� � � � � � � � � � ��ng, n n s l m t ng � � � � �� oi b c �
c a kh ng kh m a h ).� � � � � Ch th ch: C n tham kh o ph l c K � � � � � � �� l a ch n c c lo i � � � �
c y tr ng trong v ngo i nh cho th ch h p.6.2 X c � � � � � � � � ��nh h��ng nh trong quy �
ho ch t ng th 6.2.1 Vi c ch n h� � � � � ��ng nh c n tham kh o ti u chu n quy ho ch � � � � � �
hi n h nh � � ��ng th i c ng ph i tho m n c c c c i u ki n sau :a) H n ch t i a � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
b c x m t tr i tr n c c b m t c a nh v b c x tr c ti p chi u v o ph ng qua � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
c c c a s v o m a h ;b) � � � � � � ��m b o th ng gi t nhi n tr c ti p ho c gi n ti p cho� � � � � � � � � �
c c ph ng m a h v tr nh gi l nh, gi l a v o m a � � � � � � � � � � � � ��ng.6.2.2 T ch c m t � � �
b ng ki n tr c t ng th l y theo quy � � � � � � ��nh v kho ng c ch gi a c c nh nh sau:a)� � � � � � �
Nh b tr song song : L = 1,5 - 2 H khi gi th i th ng g c v i m t nh b) Khi � � � � � � � � � �
g c gi th i so v i m t nh ( = 45o th L = 1Hc) C n ph i h p gi a c c y u t t� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
h p kh ng gian ngo i nh , trong nh v i c c y u t m i tr� � � � � � � � � � ��ng t nhi n theo quan� �
i m ki n tr c tho ng h c i t o ti n nghi vi kh h u trong v ngo i nh ,
k nh c n tri t � � � � � �� s d ng c c gi i ph p ch ng n ng b ng c c gi i ph p i u � � � � � � � � � � � � �
ch nh vi kh h u t nhi n, � � � � � ��ng th i ph i c t nh to n ki m tra ch � � � � � � � �� nhi t m � �trong ph ng sao cho ph h p v i v ng ti n nghi c a con ng� � � � � � � � ��i t i � ��a ph��ng Khi v��t qu ph m vi c a i u ch nh vi kh h u t nhi n th ph i c gi i ph p � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
kh c c ng v i i u ho kh ng kh nh ng th i k n ng c c i m.6.3.2 Di n t ch � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Trang 6c a s kh ng n n qu l n , c � � � � � � � �� k n kh v c � � � � �� c ch nhi t cho ph p C c c a � � � � �
s h� ��ng T y - � ��ng - Nam c n ph i c gi i ph p che ch n n ng N n d ng b nh � � � � � � � � � �phong, r m, m nh � � �� che b t nh n ng tr c ti p C a s k nh ch p c th � � � � � � � � � � � ��ng m �
c ph h p v i c c m a C c c a ph i c v ng l n, che m a n ng v khi c n
c th treo m nh tho ng.� � � � H n ch b c x tr c ti p t ph a ngo i ph ng � � � � � � � � � � ��
gi m thi u b c x tr c ti p v o ph ng, l m l ng ph n ng l� � � � � � � � � � � � ��ng l m m t m a h � � � �
Bi n � �� dao ��ng nhi t � �� trong ph ng cho ph p t 10C � � � ��n 5oC 6.3.3 H �
s truy n nhi t c a k t c u bao che � � � � � � ���c quy t � ��nh sau khi so s nh ph� ��ng n �kinh t k thu t.6.3.4 Khi thi t k nh c s d ng i u ho kh ng kh c n � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
tu n theo TCVN 5687-1992 - Th ng gi , i u ti t kh ng kh , s� � � � � � � � ��i m- Ti u chu n � � �thi t k v c c ti u chu n hi n h nh c li n quan.6.3.5 � � � � � � � � � � �� tr nh c c b t l i � � � �cho s c kho con ng� � ��i, do thay ��i nhi t � �� ��t ng t, c n ch :a) Khi thi t � � � � �
k , n n t o c c kh ng gian chuy n ti p t ngo i v o ph ng V d : H nh lang � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
b n, ti n ph ng n n thi t k nh m t kh ng gian � � � � � � � � � ��m: (xem h nh 1).H nh 1 : Kh ng� � �gian chuy n ti p cho c hai I u ki n vi kh h u t nhi n v nh n t ob) Kh ng � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
n n h t thu c l trong ph ng c d ng thi t b i u ho kh ng kh c) N n � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��t
th m thi t b t o ion m, n ng cao n ng � � � � � � � �� i on m trong ph ng.d) S d ng thu c � � � � �
di t khu n trong kh ng kh (lo i kh ng g y � � � � � � � ��c h i cho con ng� ��i).e) Ch nh l ch � �nhi t � �� trong nh v ngo i nh ( 5oC.7 Thi t k k t c u che n ng v t o b ng� � � � � � � � � � � �7.1 K t c u che n ng v t o b ng7.1.1 Khi thi t k che n ng v t o b ng c n � � � � � � � � � � � � �
m b o c c y u c u sau :- Trong m i tr ng h p c th c n che n ng v t o b ng
l m c s t nh to n v � � � � � � ��nh gi l a ch n c c gi i ph p thi t k 7.1.3 C n t � � � � � � � � � �
ch c ch ng ch i, che n ng cho c c lo i k t c u bao che trong su t (c c lo i � � � � � � � � � � �
k nh).7.1.4 Khi thi t k che n ng n n t nh to n gi i quy t ba y u t sau :a) � � � � � � � � � � �
Ti u chu n che n ng c th cho c ng tr nh v c a v ng kh h u ang xem x t.b) � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Gi i ph p che n ng, k t h p v i c c y u c u : c ch nhi t, che m a, ch ng lo , � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
ch ng ch i, th ng gi , chi u s ng nh n t o v t o h nh ki n tr c.c) Ch n h nh � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
th c, ki u, k ch th� � � ��c, tr n c s c t nh to n so s nh b ng b i to n kinh t � � � � � � � � � � �theo th lo i, c p c ng tr nh v v n � � � � � � � ��u t 7.1.5 C th d a v o c c i u ki n � � � � � � � � �sau ��y �� thi t k che n ng:+ � � � �� gi m thi u s t ng nhi t � � � � � �� trong ph ng do �
tr c x , ng� � ��i ta th��ng l y nhi t � � �� t nh to n trong ph ng m a h l m chu n t � � � � � � � �27oC ��n 28oC Ch th ch: � � � Vi t Nam c th l y nhi t � � � � � �� t��ng
g n c a s c th b chi u n ng.� � � � � � � � + V ng che n ng � � ��ng gi i h n b i c c m t � � � � �
ph ng ch a c a s � � � � + V ng chi u n ng � � � ��ng l ph n b u tr i n m gi a hai m t� � � � � � �
ph ng (7.1.8 � �� ��nh gi hi u qu che n ng, c n d ng bi u � � � � � � � �� c c � ���ng gi i h n� �che n ng ngang v � � ��ng, ��ng th i ph i h p v i c c y u c u chi u s ng t nhi n � � � � � � � � � � �
Trang 7t c gi , g c m a r i v g c che m ạ c a c c t m ch n n ng ngang v � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��ngV n t c� �
gi (m/s) (Vg)#G c m a r i (#G c che m a (##471015#45o60o70o75o#45o30o20o15o##� � � � � �
Ch th ch : C ng th c t nh g c che m a (.� � � � � � � ( = arctg
C c s li u cho trong b ng tr n gi p t nh to n che m a cho nh khi x c � � � � � � � � � � � ��nh g c �
gi a c c t m che n ng ngang hay t m nghi ng tr n c a s � � � � � � � � � �� ��m b o che m a v � � �chi u s ng - che n ng n n ch n ( trong kho ng 200 � � � � � � ��n 30o l t t nh t (xem h nh� � � �6).H nh 6 G c m a r I ( v g c che m ặ7.2 C c h nh th c che n ng ch y u� � � � � � � � � � � � �7.2.1 v ng : C th d ng m t, hai, ba t ng n m ngang hay xi n � � � � � � � � � - v ng � �ngang m t t ng, che � � ���c n ng khi m t tr i v tr cao (g c che � � � � � � � ��ng ( ( 30o);
d ng cho c a h� � ��ng B c � - N u c n che n ng khi m t tr i v tr th p (( (� � � � � � � � �30o), n n d ng v ng xi n, ho c nhi t t ng, k t h p v i t m ch n ch nh di n � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �(xem c c h nh trong ph l c D)� � � � - t nh h� � ��ng ��n th ng gi v chi u s ng � � � � �
t nhi n.� � - v ng � � ��c ch n n c chi u d i ( 60cm, v khi l n qu s nh � � � � � � � � � �
b ng i n t � � � � ��ng c thi t b c m bi n nhi t 7.2.2 T m � � � � � � � ��ng c � ��nh : -
N n d ng t m � � � ��ng c � ��nh vu ng g c v i m t ph ng c a s l h p l nh t (( = 200� � � � � � � � � � �-250) �� ��m b o che tr c x s ng v chi u, v a � � � � � � � ��m b o th ng gi - chi u s ng � � � � �
t nhi n Kh ng n n s n m u qu s ng, c th l ngu n g y ch i lo � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � - m t � �
ng - T y, n u d ng t m ch n ng c nh vu ng g c v i m t nh th m c d g c
che r t l n c ng kh ng c t c d ng che tr c x m c n g y c n tr th ng gi v � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �chi u s ng t nhi n v g y t ch nhi t l n, v v y n n d ng t m ch n � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��ng xi n c� �
v T y n n d ng lo i t� � � � � ��ng hoa v i v t li u c h s t nh nhi t nh ; � � � � � � � � � ��m b o �
nh n tr c x v o m a � � � � � ��ng; che n ng � ���c m a h , th ng gi v chi u s ng t � � � � � � � �nhi n t t C th ph i h p v i d ng c a k nh di � � � � � � � � � � ��ng.- Kh ng n n d ng t� � � ��ng hoa
n ng kh c t ng hi u qu ch ng h t m a c a h nh lang.� � � � � � � � � � - H nh lang n n c lan can � � �tho ng h � � �� t ng hi u qu � � � ��n gi v l m ngu i c c b m t s n nhanh v � � � � � � � � � ��m.7.2.5 C c h nh th c c a che n ng linh ho t kh c.� � � � � � � a) C a ch p : C � � � ��nh ho c �
ho c che n ng ho n to n v.v.� � � � - Trong i u ki n kh h u ph a B c (tr v ng n i � � � � � � � � � �cao) th i i m che n ng trong ph ng khi c c c i u ki n sau � � � � � � � � � � ��y : a) Khi
Trang 8nhi t � �� hi u qu t� � ��ng ���ng kh ng kh v b c x m t tr i chi u tr n m t nh > � � � � � � � � � � �27oC b) Khi c��ng �� b c x m t tr i chi u v o ph ng� � � � � � � I ( 230
Kcal/m2h c) Khi nhi t � �� kh ng kh trong ph ng v� � � ��t qu nhi t � � �� kh ng kh � �cho ph p (khi c i u ki n c n x c � � � � � � � ��nh nhi t � �� kh ng kh trong ph ng l n nh t � � � � �cho ph p, cho t ng v ng) � � � Ch th ch : Trong m t s tr� � � � ��ng h p [ti] = 28oC.�
d) Che t n x ch i c a b u tr i trong ph m vi t 10o � � � � � � � � ��n 20o quanh thi n �
nh c a b u tr i ph a B c (d kh ng c m t tr i) v tham kh o th m ph n : i u
ki n che n ng.� � e) Tu theo c c ph ng ch c n ng, i u ki n ti n nghi l m vi c � � � � � � � � � � �
vi kh h u t nhi n hay vi kh h u nh n t o c n t ch c c c thi t b che n ng h� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
ph��ng 4 Nguy n l t h p che n ng ngang b ng h nh h a� � � � � � � � Xem h nh �
11 v 12.H nh 11 nguy n l t h p t m che n ng ngangH nh 12 v ng5 Tr� � � � � � � � � � � ��ng
h p kh ng mu n d ng ph� � � � ��ng ph p t nh to n, c th d ng ph� � � � � � ��ng ph p h nh h c, x c� � � �
nh tr c ti p tr n b n v 7.4 X c nh th i gian che v chi u n ng
y u c u b t bu c � � � � ��i v i c c c ng tr nh nh nh m � � � � � � � ��m b o c c ch ti u v sinh � � � � �nhi t m trong ph ng - ch ng n m m c, di t khu n 7.4.1 B i to n chi u n ng l� � � � � � � � � � � � �
b i to n ng� � ��c c a b i to n che n ng Ngh a l ngo i nh ng gi � � � � � � � � � ���c che n ng, l� �
nh ng gi ban ng y, ph ng � � � � � ���c chi u n ng.7.4.2 � � �� x c � ��nh th i gian che v � �chi u n ng, c n d ng ph� � � � ��ng ph p bi u � � �� m t tr i nh ph n x c � � � � � � � ��nh hi u qu � �che n ng 8 Thi t k th ng gi 8.1 Y u c u chung v th ng gi t nhi n8.1.1 � � � � � � � � � � � � �Khi thi t k nh , c n h , nh � � � � � � � � ��c l p, nh nhi u t ng hay th p t ng, c n� � � � � � � �
ph i � ���c t nh to n � � ��m b o th ng gi t nhi n - xuy n ph ng - tr c ti p hay � � � � � � � � �
gi n ti p theo ph� � ��ng ngang ��y l i u ki n b t bu c v ngay t khi quy ho ch � � � � � � � � �
Trang 9ph l c E).8.2 Th ng gi t nhi n d� � � � � � ��i t c � ��ng c a gi V n t c gi tu thu c � � � � � � �
v o � ��a h nh m gradien v n t c gi theo chi u cao t m t � � � � � � � � ��t kh ng gi ng nhau +� �
h nh#T s ##Lu ng gi gi a c c ng i nh Lu ng gi c nh g c nh Lu ng h t gi qua � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
t ng b tr ng(T ng tr t, tr n c t)#1,32,53,0##+ Khi t nh to n th ng gi t � � � � � � � � � � � � �nhi n c n l y s li u theo ti u chu n TCVN 4088-1985- S li u kh h u d ng � � � � � � � � � � � �trong thi t k x y d ng.8.3 � � � � ��nh gi th ng gi t nhi n.� � � � � �� ��nh gi hi u qu � � �
c a th ng gi t nhi n, c n d ng ba y u t sau :� � � � � � � � � a L��ng th ng gi G l th� � � �
t ch kh ng kh � � � ���c th ng tho ng trong m t � � � ��n v th i gian (m3/h hay m3/s) Ch� � �
ti u n y nh m � � � ��m b o � �� s ch c a kh ng kh trong ph ng khi n ng � � � � � � � �� th n kh � �cho ph p theo ti u chu n v sinh c a nh l 0,1% (1ml/l kh ng kh ).� � � � � � � � � � b B i s� �
th ng gi n (s l n thay � � � � ��i kh ng kh b ng kh ng kh s ch ngo i nh ).� � � � � � � � - L t � �
s gi a l� � ��ng th ng gi G v th t ch kh ng kh V c a ph ng : � � � � � � � � �
n = #EMBED Equation.3### (l n)�(3) c �� ��nh gi ch t l� � ��ng th ng gi t nhi n� � � �
vn-v n t c gi t nh to n ngo i nh vn-vn > 0- � � � � � � � ��i v i nh d n d ng khi chi u cao � � � � �
hc a ( 0,4H (H- chi u cao ph ng) c th x c � � � � � � ��nh K1, K2 nh sau:�
K2 = #EMBED Equation.3###
(8)Trong �� : Fi; Flg v F l c c di n t ch ti t di n ngang ng v i c c � � � � � � � � � �
th t ch Vi; Vlg v V N u 0< Kth <1 th khi Kth g n b ng 1 l � � � � � � � � �� th ng �tho ng t t nh t.8.4 H� � � ��ng gi th i v h� � � ��ng nh 8.4.1 Hi u qu th ng gi t � � � � � �nhi n � ��t ���c cao nh t khi h� ��ng gi l p v i ph p tuy n m t nh m t g c t 15o � � � � � � � � � �
Trang 10B-22# B-33 N-29# -57# N-30 B-23#TB-36 B-15# -36 B-32##VII#Ch nh Ph
66#T061 TN-31#T-33 TN-29# N-58 -#T-55 -#T-35 TN-19#T-69 -#B-45 -##X#Ch nh� �
Ph #TN-25 N-15# N-26 -21# B-41 -# B-25 B-16# -38 -#B-46 B-20#T-14 B-� � � � � � � � �22#B-38 TB-27##H nh 14 : H� ��ng nh t t c th p d ng Vi t Nam� � � � � � � �
m t c m c ng tr nh, c n ph i � � � � � � ��nh gi � ���c hi u qu th ng gi trong to n b ti u� � � � � � �khu, nh m nh v n quy t � � � � � � ��nh ��n th ng gi cho t ng ng i nh � � � � � - C n �
ph i so s nh gi i ph p th ng gi trong c c ph� � � � � � � ��ng n quy ho ch khu nh � � � � �� ch n�
ph��ng n c l i nh t.� � � � Khi quy ho ch ki n tr c khu nh , c m nh , ti u khu nh � � � � � � � � �
n i chung c n l u nh ng y u t nh h� � � � � � � � ��ng ��n th ng gi t nhi n c a khu v c � � � � � �
nh sau :� + H��ng nh , h� ��ng gi trong khu v c.� � + V tr , k ch th� � � ��c, c ch �
b tr c ng tr nh, b tr c y xanh (c y cao, c y th p, c y b i, c y l to, l � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
nh , c y nhi u l v c y t l , th m c ), � � � � � � � � � � ���ng giao th ng.� + T h p � �
kh ng gian c a th nh ph ho c khu nh ang xem x t + C th tham kh o m t� � � � � � � � � � � � �
s gi i ph p quy ho ch � � � � ��t y u c u v kh ng � � � � ��t y u c u v th ng gi t nhi n � � � � � � �
tr n h nh 15.� � a) Kh ng � ��t y u c u � �b) ��t y u c uH nh 15 m t s gi I ph p quy ho ch � � � � � � � � ��t y u c u v kh ng � � � � ��t y u �
c u � ��i v i th ng gi t nhi n8.6 T ch c th ng gi t nhi n trong nh 8.6.1 � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Ch t l� ��ng th ng gi t nhi n trong nh t i v ng nhi t � � � � � � � � � ��i m � ���c ��nh gi �
�� � �� �� � � � � � + T ch c m t b ng v kh ng� � � � � �gian c ng tr nh.� � + V tr , h nh d ng, k ch th� � � � � ��c c c l c a s � � � � + C u t o c a, � � �
k t c u che n ng v c c chi ti t ki n tr c kh c nh : ban c ng, l gia, m i � � � � � � � � � � � � �
v c kh n ng h� � � � ��ng ���c lu ng gi � � ��n nh ng v ng c n thi t trong ph ng (k t � � � � � � �
h p c th d ng c c t m ch n � � � � � � � ��ng, ngang �� h��ng lu ng gi ).� � Chi u cao c a � �
Trang 11s ph i x c � � � ��nh t y u c u v sinh s c kho , l� � � � � � ��ng th n kh , b i s th ng gi � � � � � �cho ph p.� g L u l� ��ng kh ng kh l m m t ph ng.� � � � � Kh ng kh ngo i nh � � � �
c nhi t � � �� te (oC) khi v o ph ng, � � ���c n ng cao � ��n nhi t � �� trong ph ng ti �(oC) Khi tho t kh i ph ng kh ng kh mang theo m t l� � � � � � ��ng nhi t l :� �
Qg = C(o.G(ti- te),
(10) Trong �� : Qg- l��ng nhi t th ng gi , W;� � � C- nhi t dung ri ng c a kh ng kh , J/kgoC;� � � � � (o - kh i�
l��ng ri ng kh ng kh , kg/m3;� � � G- l��ng th ng gi , m3/s.� �
Th ng th� ��ng tr s C(o = 1,2.103 J/oC.m3.� � Khi �� ta c l u l� � ��ng
kh ng khi c n thi t l :� � � � G = #EMBED Equation.3###, m3/s
te, oC8.7 Th ng gi c kh v b n c khi trong nh 8.7.1 Nh trong c c � � � � � � � � � � � � ��
th ph i thi t k h th ng th ng gi c kh v b n c kh theo chi u � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��ng,
c bi t l c c khu v sinh v b p.8 7.2 C th k t h p bu ng thang, gi ng
tr i v o m a h : t 0,80C � � � � � ��n 3oC.- Nhi t � �� kh ng kh t i v ng c nhi u c y � � � � � � �xanh, m t n� ��c th��ng th p h n nhi t � � � �� kh ng kh nh ng v ng kh ng c c y � � � � � � � �xanh, m t n� ��c v o m a h : t 20C � � � � ��n 3oC.9.4 nh h� ��ng c a c y xanh m t n� � � ��c
t i ch � � �� gi v d ng chuy n � � � � ��ng c a kh ng kh - C y xanh c t c d ng c n gi � � � � � � � � �
qu m nh v o m a h , c n gi l nh v o m a � � � � � � � � � � ��ng: n u b tr c y xanh h p l - C y� � � � � � �xanh c th h� � ��ng d ng chuy n � � ��ng kh ng kh theo m t h� � � ��ng c l i cho th ng gi� � � �xuy n ph ng c a ng i nh - Khi tr ng c y xanh hai b n � � � � � � � � ���ng ph , s t o ra h nh � � � �lang, th ng gi m t cho � � � �� th , � ��ng th i c th c n b t gi n ng nh ng v ng � � � � � � � � � �
kh h u n ng kh (khu v c mi n Trung) nh h� � � � � � � ��ng c a c y xanh � � ��i v i tr ng th i � � �
kh ng kh th i v o nh - xem h nh 21- (c th coi c y xanh l m t m y i u ho � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
kh ng kh t nhi n cho nh - khu nh .) � � � � � � � H nh 20 t c d ng gi m b c x � � � � � �
c a c y leo tr n t� � � ��ngH nh 21 nh h� � ��ng c a c y xanh � � ��i v i tr ng th i kh ng � � � �
kh th i v o nh 9.5 T c d ng c a c y xanh, m t n� � � � � � � � � ��c v th m m � � � Vi c ph i� �
h p gi a c y xanh - m t n� � � � ��c b t k ph m vi l n hay nh trong v ngo i nh � � � � � � � � � ��u
t o n n nh ng t c d ng l m gi m s c ng th ng th n kinh c a con ng� � � � � � � � � � � � ��i.9.6
Trang 12Nguy n t c b tr c y xanh� � � � � a) Ph n lo i c y xanh theo t nh ch t s d ng.� � � � � � � -
C y xanh c ng c ng (tr ng trong khu nh hay khu c ng c ng ho c c ng vi n).� � � � � � � � � � � -
C y xanh s d ng c c b (trong v ngo i nh , c n h ).� � � � � � � � � � - C y xanh � ��c d ng (s � �
d ng theo m c � � ��ch) b) Ri ng v i nh c hai lo i ch nh : (n i b nh ).� � � � � � � � � � -
C y xanh tr ng ngo i th t : th� � � � ��ng l nh ng c y to d ng th n leo v th n g nh � � � � � � � � �cao t 0,5m � ��n 3m - C y xanh n i th t : th� � � ��ng th p, nh t 0,1m � � � ��n 1,5m,
th��ng k t h p v i ngh thu t c y c nh - non b � � � � � � � � (Tham kh o ph l c K v � � � �
t nh ch t kh kh � � � � ��c h i c a c y xanh)10 Thi t k c ch nhi t ch ng n ngcho k t� � � � � � � � � �
c u bao che.10.1 Y u c u chung v c ch nhi t trong m a n ng10.1.1 � � � � � � � � ��i v i nh � �
c s d ng vi kh h u t nhi n:- T� � � � � � � ��ng, m i n m h� � � ��ng c b c x m t tr i m a � � � � � �
h l n nh t � � � ��u ph i thi t k c ch nhi t;- K t h p v i th ng gi t nhi n l y u� � � � � � � � � � � � � �
t quan tr ng � � �� c i t o vi kh h u trong nh ;- K t h p v i c c gi i ph p che � � � � � � � � � � � �
n ng c y xanh, k t c u che n ng nh m t o vi kh h u t t cho c cph ng ;- � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Tr nh l m t ng nhi t � � � � �� m t trong c a k t c u bao che (g y c m gi c n ng do b c � � � � � � � � �
x t m t trong c a k t c u bao che);- Khi thi t k c ch nhi t c n tham kh o � � � � � � � � � � � �
ti u chu n TCVN 4605-1988 K thu t nhi t- K t c u ng n che- Ti u chu n thi t � � � � � � � � � � � �
k v c c ti u chu n hi n h nh c li n quan.10.1.2 Ք � � � � � � � � ��i v i nh c s d ng vi � � � � � �
kh h u t o:- Ph i t nh to n c ch nhi t cho k t c u ng n che � � � � � � � � � � � �� gi m ti u hao � �
i n n ng; - Khi thi t k c ch nhi t c n tham kh o ti u chu n TCVN 4605-1988
c a th ng gi ch n m i ho c t� � � � � � � ��ng ��u h i.M i b ng c ch nhi t:Thi t k th m � � � � � � � �
t ng kh ng kh l u th ng trong m i (m i k p) ho c tr n m i (m i � � � � � � � � � � � � ��n) nh ng t t � �
c ph i c gi i ph p k thu t � � � � � � � ��m b o ch ng th m t t, b n M i c phun n� � � � � � � ��c,
ch a n� ��c, n��c ch y tu n ho n :C n c gi i ph p , v t li u c ch n� � � � � � � � � � ��c tuy t � ��i10.1.4 T��ng c ch nhi t (tham kh o h nh D4 ph l c D)- T� � � � � � ��ng h��ng ��ng, T y �
nh n b c x m t tr i c c � � � � � � ��i c n ph i c gi i ph p c ch nhi t- T� � � � � � � ��ng c ch nhi t � �
c n � ��m b o c ch nhi t ban ng y, to nhi t nhanh ban � � � � � � ��m Tr ng l� ��ng t��ng c ng�
nh c ng t t (th ng th� � � � ��ng s d ng b t ng b t, b t ng x , b t ng s i g m � � � � � � � � � � � �ceramic ho c t� ��ng c c u t o r ng c ch nhi t M t ngo i s n m u c h s ph n � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
x l n.) � �10.2 Bi n ph p ch ng n m cho b m t n n nh 10.2.1 C hai qu tr nh ng ng � � � � � � � � � � � � ��ng
n��c tr n m t n n nh v thi t b : ng ng th nh m ng n� � � � � � � � � � ��c v ng ng th nh gi t � � � �
n��c.10.2.2 i u ki n h nh th nh s ng ng � � � � � � � ��ng n��c tr n m t n n nh v thi t � � � � � �
b x y ra trong c c i u ki n sau: � � � � � � a/ �� � m c a m i tr� � ��ng ( ( 85% b/ Nhi t � �� kh ng kh � � ��t ng t t ng l n trong khi nhi t � � � � �� b m t n n, t� � � ��ng, thi t�
b ch a k p t ng v nh h n nhi t � � � � � � � � �� � � i m s��ng c a kh ng kh (ts) : (bm ( ts.� � �
c/ Ch nh l ch gi a nhi t � � � � �� kh ng kh trong nh v ngo i nh t 0,70C � � � � � � � ��n 1,5oC d/ Nhi t � �� kh ng kh ngo i nh t ng � � � � � ��t ng t, khi (tk = tk.ng - tk.h �( 1,8oC, e/ Khi �� � m kh ng kh (k r t cao, nhi t � � � � �� ngo i nh t ng � � � ��t ng t,�
s n � � ��nh nhi t (() v h s d n nhi t t� � � � � � ��ng ���ng nh nh t nh m l m nhi t � � � � � ��
b m t thay � � ��i nhanh theo nhi t � �� m i tr� ��ng N u nhi t � � �� m t s n (tbm) l n � � �
Ym
Trang 13Y��t n nH nh 23 :nhi t truy n t b m t k t c u s n nh xu ng l p � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��t n n c a � �
n n nh - Ch ti u n n nh ch ng n m t t nh t l :� � � � � � � � � � � (t ( 0,05; Y ( 6,5; (td ( 0,35 (11)- Ch ti u h n ch n m c a n n nh l :� � � � � � � � �
(t ( 0,00; 6,6 ( Y ( 8,3(12) 0,36 ( (td ( 0,60 Trong �� : (t - ch nh l ch nhi t � � � �� gi a �nhi t � �� � � i m s��ng c a kh ng kh v nhi t � � � � � �� b m t n n nh , (oC)� � � � (t
N n nh c kh n ng ch ng n m khi (t < 0; ho c dao � � � � � � � � ��ng t 0 ( 1oC; hay Y = 6,6�( 1,6 Kcal/m2.h.oC + Thi t k n n ch ng n m l l a ch n c c lo i v t li u � � � � � � � � � � � �
v k t c u c Y; (td = min, n m trong gi i h n tr n m v n � � � � � � � � � � ��m b o t nh kinh t � � �
v kh n ng ch u l c c a n n.� � � � � � � C c gi tr n y c ng nh th kh n ng ch ng n m � � � � � � � � � � �
c ng cao.� + C c lo i v t li u ph h p cho n n nh ch ng n m l c c v t li u p� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
l t m ng nh : g ch men s , g ho c t m l t b ng nh a composit, v t li u c ch � � � � � � � � � � � � � �nhi t nh nh polystirol, polyurethane, g m b t.10.2.5 Ph� � � � � ��ng ph p t nh h s � � � �
n nh nhi t b m t c a k t c u n n nh nhi u l p :
� �� � � � � � � � � � � + Ch s qu n t nh nhi t D � � � � �
c a k t c u n n nhi u l p, x c � � � � � � � ��nh theo c ng th c :� � D = ( Ri Si;
nhi t tr c a k t c u s n i, t nh b ng m2.h.oC.� � � � � � � � di - chi u d y l p s n th � � � � �
i, t nh b ng (m).� � Si = 0,51 #EMBED Equation.3###, l h s h m � � � �nhi t c a v t li u l p th i, t nh b ng Kcal/m2.h.oC.� � � � � � � � + H s n � � � ��nh nhi t b � �
ch n gi i ph p c u t o n n nh th ch h p � � � � � � � � � �� m t s n ng n c ch nh h� � � � � ��ng c a �nhi t � ��, �� � m, qu n t nh nhi t c a kh i � � � � � ��t n n C n d ng v t li u c qu n � � � � � � �
t nh nhi t l n � � � �� h n ch � � ��ng n��c tr n m t s n nh C n l a ch n c u t o c c � � � � � � � � � �
l p nh sau :� � L p 1 : L p c h c cao - l l p c y u c u th m m , ch ng m i � � � � � � � � � � � � �
m n, � �� b n c h c cao, qu n t nh nhi t l n - n n d ng v t li u c � � � � � � � � � � � � �� d y c ng � �
nh c ng t t.� � � C c v t li u l t ph h p l : g ch g m nung c chi u d y � � � � � � � � � � � �( 10mm; g ch men ( ( 7mm; v t li u t m nh a composit ( ( 5mm; g packet ho c � � � � � � �
v n s n ( ( 15mm K t h p tr i c c lo i th m len, th m ay, th m c i (c n s y � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
kh v o nh ng th i i m c � � � � � � � �� � m cao); l t.� L p 2 : L p v a l t li n k t c � � � � � � �( ( 10 - 20mm; l p n y c ng m ng c ng t t Hi n nay n u i u ki n cho ph p, n n � � � � � � � � � � � � �
d ng keo li n k t � � � �� b l p v a l t li n k t.� � � � � � L p 3 : L l p c ch nhi t c � � � � � �
b n, c qu n t nh nhi t nh ; c n ch n v t li u v a ch u � � � � � � � � � � � � ���c t i tr ng v a c � � � �nhi t tr l n � � � L p 4: L p ch ng th m � � � � �� b o v l p c ch nhi t kh i m do mao � � � � � � �
d n t n n � � � ��t l n C th d ng: gi y bitum, m ng polyetilen, s n bitum cao su � � � � � � �
Trang 14m u n n nh ch ng n m s d ng g ch g m b tH nh 30 m u n n nh ch ng n m s d ng� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
l p c ch nhi t h n h p g m b t ng b t v polystirol c� � � � � � � � � � ��ng �� caoPh l c A: Bi u � � �
tr ng th I kh ng kh (bi u I-d)(Bi u I-d c a kh ng kh m khi p su t
kh quy n b ng 760mmHg)� � �
Trang 15Ph l c B c c � � � ��i l��ng v t l s d ng trong t nh to n thi t k ch ng n ng cho � � � � � � � � � �
nh Stt#T n g i#K hi u#� � � � � � ��n v #####H k thu t#H SI##1#2#3#4#5##1#Nhi t � � � � � � ��
kh ng kh t nh to n trong nh #Ti#oC#(oC + 273)oK##2#Nhi t � � � � � � �� m t trong k t c u � � �bao che#(t ((i)#oC#(oC + 273)oK##3#Nhi t � �� b m t cao nh t trong nh #(tmax((i � � � �
M )#oC#(oC + 273)oK##4#Nhi t � � �� � � i m s��ng#ts#oC#(oC + 273)oK##5#Bi n � �� dao
ng nhi t t nh to n ngo i nh #Ate#oC#(oC + 273)oK##6#Bi n dao ng nhi t
li u#M#Kg/m3#Kg/m3##17#Nhi t dung ri ng#C#Kcal/Kg.oC#KJ/Kg.oK##18#S ng y, gi � � � � � �
s��i m #Z(d)#gi #gi ##19#S ng y, gi l m m t #Sm#gi #gi ##20#H s trao � � � � � � � � � � � � ��i nhi t b m t ngo i#(e#Kcal/m2hoC#W/m2 oC##21#H s trao � � � � � � ��i nhi t b m t � � �
trong#(i#Kcal/m2hoC#W/m2 oC##Ph l c C - B n � � � �� ph n v ng kh h u x y d ng Vi t � � � � � � �Nam
Trang 16Ch th ch :A- Mi n kh h u ph a B c : Bao g m c c t nh ph a B c � � � � � � � � � � � � ��o H i V n � �
- ��c i m : kh h u c b n l nhi t � � � � � � � � ��i gi m a c m a � � � � ��ng l nh.A.1 �
V ng kh h u � � � ��ng B c v Vi t B c.� � � � - ��c i m : L nh th p nh t d� � � � � ��i 00C,
kh h u m � � � ��t, m a nhi u, ch ng l nh l ch y u.� � � � � � � A1.1 Ti u v ng bao � �
g m c c t nh � � � ��ng B c Kh c nhau v m c � � � � �� s��i A1.2 Ti u v ng bao g m c c t nh� � � � �
Vi t B cA.II V ng kh h u n i T y B c v B c Tr� � � � � � � � � � ��ng S n.� - ��c i m : t l nh,� � � �nhi t � �� th p ( 0oC ph a B c v ( 5oC ph a Nam, th i ti t kh n ng cao nh t � � � � � � � � � � � �40oC, t c � �� gi l nh ( 40m/s trong n m m a l nh k o d i b ng m a kh nhu c u � � � � � � � � � � �
s��i t hai � ��n ba th ng.� A.II.1 Ti u v ng T y B cKh c nhau v m c � � � � � � � �� s��i
m a � ��ng A.II.2 Ti u v ng B c Tr� � � ��ng S n� A.III V ng kh h u � � � ��ng b ng v� �
B c Trung B � � - ��c i m : M a � � � ��ng l nh kh ng xu ng t i 0oC ph a b c v 5oC� � � � � � �
ph a nam n ng nh t l 40oC t Thanh Ho v o c th t i 42 - 43oC, kh h u m h n� � � � � � � � � � � � � �A.I v A.II, m a nhi u t c � � � � �� gi l n h n 40m/s n xu tA.III.1 Ti u v ng � � � � � � � ��ng
b ng B c B A.III.2 Ti u v ng � � � � � ��ng b ng Thanh Ho , Ngh An, H T nh.Kh c nhau � � � � � �
v gi i ph pA.III.3 Ti u v ng � � � � � ��ng b ng Qu ng B nh, Qu ng tr , Th a Thi n k � � � � � � � �thu t s� ��i m m a � � ��ng Hu B- Mi n kh h u ph a Nam : bao g m c c t nh ph a Nam � � � � � � � � �
o H i V n
�� � � -��c i m : nhi t � � � �� gi m a su t n m ch t n t i m t m a � � � � � � � � �
n ng.B.IV Mi n kh h u T y Nguy n.� � � � � � ��c i m : Mang t nh ch t kh h u mi n nhi t � � � � � � � �
i kh h u th p nh t t 0-5oC, cao nh t ( 40oC, t v ng n i ph i ph ng v ch ng
n ng cho v ng n y.� � � B.IV.1 Ti u v ng B c T y nguy nKh c nhau v nhu c u � � � � � � � �
ph ng l nh� � B.IV.2 Ti u v ng Nam T y nguy nB.V V ng kh h u � � � � � � � ��ng b ng Nam b � �
v Trung b � � -��c i m : kh h u nhi t � � � � � ��i, m a � ��ng kh ng l nh nhi t � � � ��
th p nh t ( 10oC, cao nh t ( 40oC, ph a B c; ( 40oC ph a Nam m a nhi u h ng � � � � � � � � � � �
n m c hai m a kh , m ph h p v i hai m a gi � � � � � � � � � � B.V.1 Ti u v ng Qu ng Nam,� � �
Trang 17##
Trang 18H nh E 7 C c ki u t� � � ��ng tho ng gi - che n ng c hi u qu v trang tr cho c c� � � � � � � � �
gi m nhi t � � �� ngo i nh 1,50C ~ 2,5oC v l m gi m c� � � � � ��ng �� b c x m t tr i t � � � � �40% ~ 50%; gi m t c � � �� gi m nh t 50% ~ 60%; gi m � � � � �� b i b n c a kh ng kh t � � � � � �25% ~ 40%; l m t ng � � �� � m t��ng ��i c a kh ng kh ngo i nh 7% ~ 12% so v i v � � � � � � �
tr kh ng c c y xanh.H nh E4 : B tr c a � � � � � � � � �� c gi xuy n c c ph ng ##H nh E6� � � � � �: H nh d ng nh v c c v ng p su t gi H nh E5 : C ch b tr c a � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��n gi xuy n� �
ph ngH nh E7 : C ch b tr nh � � � � � � �� nh n � ���c gi ch � � ��oH nh E8 : C ch th ng gi � � � �qua khe m iH nh E9 : C c ki u b tr nh v hi u qu th ng gi H nh E10 : C n b � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
tr nh t ng th p ph a tr� � � � � ��c nh cao t ng so v i h� � � ��ng gi � ��nH nh E11 : C ch m� � �
c a � �� c l i cho th ng gi xuy n ph ng� � � � � �
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