Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.. "The best way to get more women to have more c
Trang 1Cô Vũ Thị Mai Phương
ĐỀ THI THỬ THPT QUỐC GIA LẦN 1 NĂM 2020 THPT CHUYÊN KHOA HỌC TỰ NHIÊN HN
Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài:60 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề
Họ, tên thí sinh:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
For three decades, China operated the "one-child" policy of population control This was abandoned in
2016 in favor of a two-child policy to boost the labor force But average fertility rates keep falling, even as restrictions are lifted In 2016, after the one-child policy was abandoned, there were 17.86 million births This dropped to 17.2 million in 2017 and 15.2 million in 2018 – the third-lowest rate since the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949
Much of China's astonishing economic growth of the past four decades has been fueled by a young
labor force, but this too is in rapid decline, while the elderly population is dramatically increasing In China
in 2017, the ratio was six workers in the 20-64 age bracket supporting one senior citizen at least 65 years old This will decline to 2.0 workers in 2039 and 1.6 in 2050 "No social security net, no family security and
a pension crisis — this will evolve into a humanitarian catastrophe As women live six to seven years
longer than men on average [and are usually a few years younger than their husbands], they will be the main victims of population control," said Yi
Clearly more needs to be done to encourage women to have more children But couples in developed societies have fewer kids, largely because of expensive education costs and pressure on household incomes
in the cities Average fertility rates in Taiwan and Hong Kong from 2001 to 2018 were 1.14 and 1.07 respectively "The best way to get more women to have more children is to make it easy and cheap for women to get good reliable childcare, and work," said George Magnus, a research associate at Oxford University's China Centre, and at SOAS
We live in a grey world For the first time last year, there were more people on Earth who were 65 and over than children under 5 Because of the sheer pace of aging, China appears doomed to get old before it gets rich "Measured by the proportion of 65+ and the old age dependency ratio, China will age as much in the next 22 years as most Western economies have done in the last 60-70 years — and at far lower levels of income per head, and with a much less developed social security system," Magnus said By 2040, China's income per head could be anywhere between 20,000 USD (18,000 Euro) and 40,000 USD per head depending on what happens to the economy and growth
Trang 2The key to easing the effects of a greying population in China is to raise the participation of older
workers and women in the workforce It also needs to look to immigration, currently at negligible levels in China And key to all of this is productivity "Higher productivity is the Holy Grail, but how to deliver it? Investment in new technologies should help," said Magnus
Câu 1 (VD): What is the main idea of the passage?
Câu 2 (NB): The word "this" in the passage refer to ?
Câu 3 (TH): The word “catastrophe” is closest in meaning to _
Câu 4 (TH): The word "greying" in the passage mostly means
Câu 5 (TH): When was the “two-child” policy adopted in China?
Câu 6 (TH): According to George Magnus, all of the following can be done to encourage women to have more children EXCEPT
Câu 7 (TH): Why was it said that women would be the main victims of population control?
Câu 8 (TH): Which of the following is mentioned by Magnus as the essence of relieving the burden of aging population?
Trang 3Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions
Câu 9 (TH): Half of all Americans aged 12 to 30, ‘if ever, rarely, read a newspaper’
Câu 10 (NB): He refused to comment before he had seen all the relevant informations
Câu 11 (TH): It is in Hanoi, Vietnam, in the year 2021 where the 31st SEA Games is scheduled to take
place
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning
to each of the following questions
Câu 12 (VD): More and more companies are conducting business online
Câu 13 (VDC): "She seems the most likely candidate for the job." said the secretary
Câu 14 (VDC): Hardly had she spoken than she regretted it bitterly
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair
of sentences in the following questions
Câu 15 (VD): John’s car broke down on his way to the airport He missed the flight
Trang 4Câu 16 (VDC): John knew everything about his project He presented it in an interesting way
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
Câu 17 (TH): Mobile libraries bring books to children in many small countries These libraries travel from towns to towns in cars, vans, or trucks
Câu 18 (TH): If I say something odd, it’s because I didn’t sleep at all last night When I get extremely tired,
I can sometimes get a bit weird.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
Trả lời cho các câu 19, 20 dưới đây:
Câu 19 (VDC): “If you’re ever in a jam and need any help, ask me.”
Câu 20 (VD): “I am nuts about computers I have about seven in my house Four laptops and three desktop computers.”
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges
Trả lời cho các câu 21, 22 dưới đây:
Câu 21 (TH): Jane and Janet are talking about their graduation ceremony
Jane: "Where are we going to have our party after the graduation ceremony?”
Janet: " "
Trang 5Câu 22 (TH): Mary is talking to her friend about his accident
Mary: “I’m sorry to hear about your accident Tough break.”
Mary’s friend: “ _”
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions
Trả lời cho các câu 23, 24 dưới đây:
Câu 23 (TH): A decided B afforded C advanced D invented
Câu 24 (TH): A rough B touch C tough D plough
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions
Câu 25 (NB): A fireplace B outweigh C lifestyle D folklore
Câu 26 (NB): A accident B essential C inventor D assemble
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
Câu 27 (NB): Science and advance technology have made _ better for millions of people worldwide
Câu 28 (NB): Last night, I couldn’t sleep because the music from the party next door through the open windows
Câu 29 (TH): Tobacco is currently responsible the death of one adult in ten worldwide
Câu 32 (TH): Egyptian civilization, which arose around 3200 BC, followed a trajectory _ to that
of Mesopotamia
Câu 33 (VD): In harsh business competition, almost any company is _ out for fresh new talent
Trang 6Câu 34 (NB): David commonly worried about so badly in front of people that everyone would laugh at him
Câu 35 (TH): Under prolonged stress, people become susceptible to such as headaches, digestive issues, diabetes and heart disease
Câu 36 (VD): We ourselves to finding a solution to our problem
Câu 37 (TH): person is kind and gives emotional support to others
Câu 38 (VD): When I was young, I everywhere with my sister
Câu 39 (VD): It’s necessary they the form to complete prior to taking time off
Câu 40 (VD): My mother always used to say, “It’s no use _ over spilled milk.”
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks
What bothers most women about men in the west is that while they expect their wives to work outside, they still call house work “women’s work.” And then there is a man who makes his wife feel inferior by reminding her his salary is bigger than hers In what way is this woman liberated when she is
performing so much more than her share (41) her relationship, marriage and family?
Only a few years ago women cleverly designed legally binding contracts called prenuptial agreements to
protect their assets and economic (42) during marriage and in case of divorce Men accused women who asked for such contracts, manipulative and (43) _, simply because she was looking out
(Adapted from htpp://shakeyourconscience.wordpress.com/2016/03/28/who-is-liberated-in-the-west-part-2)
Câu 42 (TH): A crisis B growth C security D recession
Câu 43 (TH): A demand B demanding C demanded D demandable
Trang 7Câu 45 (VD): A otherwise B however C nonetheless D whereas
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Nanotechnology is the creation and use of materials or devices at extremely small scales These materials or devices fall in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers (nm) One nm is equal to one-billionth of a meter (0.000000001 m), which is about 50,000 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair Scientists refer to the dimensional range of 1 to 100 nm as the nanoscale, and materials at this scale are called nanocrystals or nanomaterials
The nanoscale is unique because nothing solid can be made any smaller It is also unique because many of the mechanisms of the biological and physical world operate on length scales from 0.1 to 100 nm
At these dimensions materials exhibit different physical properties; thus scientists expect that many novel
effects at the nanoscale will be discovered and used for breakthrough technologies
number of important breakthroughs have already occurred in nanotechnology These developments are found in products used throughout the world Some examples are catalytic converters in automobiles that help remove air pollutants, devices in computers that read from and write to the hard disk, certain sunscreens and cosmetics that transparently block harmful radiation from the Sun, and special coatings for sports clothes and gear that help improve the gear and possibly enhance the athlete’s performance Still, many scientists, engineers, and technologists believe they have only scratched the surface of nanotechnology’s potential
Nanotechnology is in its infancy, and no one can predict with accuracy what will result from the full flowering of the field over the next several decades Many scientists believe it can be said with confidence, however, that nanotechnology will have a major impact on medicine and health care; energy production and conservation; environmental cleanup and protection; electronics, computers, and sensors; and world security and defense
(Adapted from: Encarta DVD 2009)
Câu 46 (VD): What is the passage mainly about?
Câu 47 (NB): The word “that” refers to _
Câu 48 (VD): The word “novel” is closest meaning to
Trang 8Câu 49 (TH): Which of the following statements is NOT true about nanotechnology according to the passage?
Câu 50 (VD): Which of the following will be most likely discussed in the next part of the article?
Trang 9Cô Vũ Thị Mai Phương
LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
For three decades, China operated the "one-child" policy of population control This was abandoned in
2016 in favor of a two-child policy to boost the labor force But average fertility rates keep falling, even as restrictions are lifted In 2016, after the one-child policy was abandoned, there were 17.86 million births This dropped to 17.2 million in 2017 and 15.2 million in 2018 – the third-lowest rate since the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949
Much of China's astonishing economic growth of the past four decades has been fueled by a young
labor force, but this too is in rapid decline, while the elderly population is dramatically increasing In China
in 2017, the ratio was six workers in the 20-64 age bracket supporting one senior citizen at least 65 years old This will decline to 2.0 workers in 2039 and 1.6 in 2050 "No social security net, no family security and
a pension crisis — this will evolve into a humanitarian catastrophe As women live six to seven years
longer than men on average [and are usually a few years younger than their husbands], they will be the main victims of population control," said Yi
Clearly more needs to be done to encourage women to have more children But couples in developed societies have fewer kids, largely because of expensive education costs and pressure on household incomes
in the cities Average fertility rates in Taiwan and Hong Kong from 2001 to 2018 were 1.14 and 1.07 respectively "The best way to get more women to have more children is to make it easy and cheap for women to get good reliable childcare, and work," said George Magnus, a research associate at Oxford University's China Centre, and at SOAS
We live in a grey world For the first time last year, there were more people on Earth who were 65 and over than children under 5 Because of the sheer pace of aging, China appears doomed to get old before it
Trang 10gets rich "Measured by the proportion of 65+ and the old age dependency ratio, China will age as much in the next 22 years as most Western economies have done in the last 60-70 years — and at far lower levels of income per head, and with a much less developed social security system," Magnus said By 2040, China's income per head could be anywhere between 20,000 USD (18,000 Euro) and 40,000 USD per head depending on what happens to the economy and growth
The key to easing the effects of a greying population in China is to raise the participation of older
workers and women in the workforce It also needs to look to immigration, currently at negligible levels in China And key to all of this is productivity "Higher productivity is the Holy Grail, but how to deliver it? Investment in new technologies should help," said Magnus
Câu 1 (VD): What is the main idea of the passage?
Đáp án D
Ý chính của bài đọc là gì?
Câu 2 (NB): The word "this" in the passage refer to ?
Thông tin: Much of China's astonishing economic growth of the past four decades has been fueled by a
young labor force, but this too is in rapid decline, while the elderly population is dramatically increasing Tạm dịch: Phần lớn tăng trưởng kinh tế đáng kinh ngạc của Trung Quốc trong bốn thập kỷ qua đã được thúc đẩy bởi một lực lượng lao động trẻ, nhưng điều này cũng đang suy giảm nhanh chóng, trong khi dân số cao tuổi đang gia tăng đáng kể
Câu 3 (TH): The word “catastrophe” is closest in meaning to _
Trang 11→ catastrophe = disaster: thảm họa
Câu 4 (TH): The word "greying" in the passage mostly means
Đáp án A
Từ “greying” trong bài đọc gần nghĩa nhất _
greying (adj): già đi
→ greying = getting older: trở nên già hơn
Câu 5 (TH): When was the “two-child” policy adopted in China?
Đáp án B
Chính sách “hai con” được áp dụng ở Trung Quốc khi nào?
Thông tin: This was abandoned in 2016 in favor of a two-child policy to boost the labor force
Tạm dịch: Điều này đã bị bãi bỏ vào năm 2016 để ủng hộ chính sách hai con nhằm tăng cường lực lượng
lao động
Câu 6 (TH): According to George Magnus, all of the following can be done to encourage women to have more children EXCEPT
Trang 12Đáp án D
Theo George Magnus, tất cả những điều nào dưới có thể được thực hiện để khuyến khích phụ nữ sinh nhiều con hơn ngoại trừ
Thông tin: The best way to get more women to have more children is to make it easy and cheap for women
to get good reliable childcare, and work
Tạm dịch: Cách tốt nhất để có nhiều phụ nữ sinh nhiều con hơn là giúp phụ nữ dễ dàng và nhận được dịch
vụ chăm trẻ tốt đáng tin cậy, rẻ và cả công việc
Các phương án A, B, C đều được đề cập
Câu 7 (TH): Why was it said that women would be the main victims of population control?
Đáp án A
Tại sao lại nói rằng phụ nữ sẽ là nạn nhân chính của việc kiểm soát dân số?
Thông tin: As women live six to seven years longer than men on average [and are usually a few years younger than their husbands], they will be the main victims of population control
Tạm dịch: Vì trung bình phụ nữ sống lâu hơn sáu đến bảy năm so với nam giới [và thường trẻ hơn chồng
vài tuổi], họ sẽ là nạn nhân chính của kiểm soát dân số
Câu 8 (TH): Which of the following is mentioned by Magnus as the essence of relieving the burden of aging population?
Đáp án A
Câu nào dưới đây được đề cập bởi Magnus như là bản chất của việc làm giảm gánh nặng dân số già?
Trang 13C Tăng lương cho lao động già
Thông tin: And key to all of this is productivity "Higher productivity is the Holy Grail, but how to deliver it? Investment in new technologies should help.”
Tạm dịch: Và chìa khóa cho tất cả điều này là năng suất "Năng suất cao hơn là Chén Thánh, nhưng làm thế nào để vận chuyển nó? Đầu tư vào các công nghệ mới sẽ giúp ích.”
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions
Câu 9 (TH): Half of all Americans aged 12 to 30, ‘if ever, rarely, read a newspaper’
Đáp án B
Kiến thức: Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ
Giải chi tiết:
Ta dùng hiện tại phân từ (V_ing) để rút gọn mệnh đề mang nghĩa chủ động
Dạng đầy đủ: Half of all Americans who ages 12 to 30, ‘if ever, rarely, read a newspaper’
Dạng rút gọn: Half of all Americans aging 12 to 30, ‘if ever, rarely, read a newspaper’
Sửa: “aged” → “aging”
Tạm dịch: Một nửa số người Mĩ tuổi từ 12 đến 30 thực sự hiếm khi đọc báo
Câu 10 (NB): He refused to comment before he had seen all the relevant informations
Đáp án D
“information” là danh từ không đếm được, không có dạng số nhiều
Sửa: “informations” → “information”
Tạm dịch: Anh ấy đã từ chối bình luận trước khi anh ấy đã nhìn thấy tất cả các thông tin liên quan
Câu 11 (TH): It is in Hanoi, Vietnam, in the year 2021 where the 31st SEA Games is scheduled to take
place
Đáp án C
Kiến thức: Câu chẻ
Giải chi tiết:
- Công dụng: Dùng để nhấn mạnh vào đối tượng, sự việc, thời gian… nào đó
- Công thức: It’s that…: Chính mà…
Sửa: “where” → “that”
Tạm dịch: Chính tại Hà Nội, Việt Nam vào năm 2021 nơi mà Đại hội thể thao Đông Nam Á lần thứ 31
được sắp đặt sẽ diễn ra
Trang 14Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to each of the following questions
Câu 12 (VD): More and more companies are conducting business online
Đáp án B
Kiến thức: Cấu trúc tăng tiến/So sánh kép
Giải chi tiết:
“more and more”: ngày càng nhiều
= “an increasing number of”: ngày càng nhiều
Tạm dịch: Ngày càng nhiều công ty tiến hành kinh doanh trực tuyến
Câu 13 (VDC): "She seems the most likely candidate for the job." said the secretary
Đáp án A
Kiến thức: Lời nói gián tiếp
Giải chi tiết:
seem (v): dường như
assert (v): khẳng định
doubt (v): nghi ngờ
Câu trực tiếp: “S1 + seem + the most likely ….”, said S2
Câu tường thuật: S2 + thought highly of S1 …
Tạm dịch: “Cô ấy dường như là ứng viên có khả năng nhất cho công việc” thư kí đã nói
