(Ví dụ về trang mục lục của một luận án) MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION ĐỖ CAO PHÚC CHANGES OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS IN HO CHI MINH CITY (2000 2015) Specializ[.]
Trang 1MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
-
ĐỖ CAO PHÚC
CHANGES OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS IN
HO CHI MINH CITY (2000-2015)
Specialization: Viet Nam History
Trang 2Science Instructors: Assoc Prof PhD Nguyễn Đức Hòa
PhD Lê Văn Đạt
Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof PhD Trần Thuận
Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City University of Social sciences and Humanities
Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof PhD Nguyễn Thị Thanh Hương
Quy Nhơn University of Education
Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof PhD Colonel Hồ Sơn Đài
Military Region 7
The dissertation will be defended from Thesis committee at:
………
……… in …….hours… date …… month…… years
The thesis can find at the library:
………
Trang 3INTRODUCTION
1 Reasons for selecting the topic
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the French colonialists carried out colonial exploitation in Indochina, leading to the birth of the Vietnamese working class Through the vanguard of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the working class is the main force associated with the struggle for national liberation and the process of building socialism The fundamental achievement of the Đổi mới process is to create an important turning point for Vietnam, from a country where agriculture is the main focus, it has transformed into a modern industrialized country When the country accelerated the cause of industrialization and modernization, the Vietnamese working class had positive changes: rapid increase in quantity, diversity in structure, quality and sense of enlightenment, politics is elevated Along with other classes, the Vietnamese working class makes a great contribution to the economic development of the country
The development of the Vietnamese working class is a key factor in bringing the Đổi mới process to victory The goal of building the working class by 2020 is clearly stated in Resolution No 20-NQ/TU (January 28, 2008) as: "building a strong working class in quantity and improving in quality, solve pressing and urgent problems of the working class, improve the material and spiritual life of workers (about housing in industrial zones, salary and income, etc.)
Ho Chi Minh City is an industrial center, Southern economic zone Tan Son Nhat international airport, a system of 42 river and sea ports, large and small (Saigon, Tan Cang ) so this place is considered as a hub for goods transshipment, strongest consumption among localities, provinces across the country and internationally At the same time, Ho Chi Minh City is the most vibrant labor market in the southern region with the strong development of industries Therefore, the city advocates the establishment of export processing zones and industrial zones to orient and plan the economy towards industrialization and modernization The establishment of export processing zones and industrial zones in Ho Chi Minh City from 1991 to 2015 created a large market to attract migrant workers, on the spot to find jobs, and attracted many businesses, domestic and foreign investment
From 2000, the influence of the national renewal process, the process of accelerating industrialization and modernization has created changes in the number of industrial workers
in export processing zones and industrial parks in Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City, which is rapidly increasing in quantity and improving in quality, makes a very important contribution
to the city's economic growth Since 2008, the Ho Chi Minh City Party Committee has identified industrial workers as "the vanguard force in the cause of construction, defending
Trang 4socialism, building and defending the city is the main force in the city." operate and use modern production tools; a part of workers with high education and skills can meet the requirements of industrialization, modernization and international economic integration; have working style and skills in a modern industrial environment, quickly adapting to the socialist-oriented market mechanism…” (Ho Chi Minh City Party Committee, 2008, page 1) In 2009, the impact from the global recession partly affected the economic development
of Vietnam in the international arena, especially the labor market in Ho Chi Minh City, making the industrial workers many changes Against this background, the Ho Chi Minh City government continues to affirm and identify the leading roles and tasks of industrial workers to have reasonable policies to promote positive changes From 2010 to 2015, the process of international integration and globalization took place strongly, the economic position of Ho Chi Minh City was gradually affirmed in Southeast Asia, this is an important premise for the development Industrial workers gradually adapted and changed in accordance with the new historical context Therefore, research the changes of the industrial workers in Ho Chi Minh City during this period to clearly see the basic nature of the changes, to better appreciate the positives and limitations that the team has revealed
In addition, another reason for our research on this issue may be that the previous studies only studied the changes of the industrial workers in Ho Chi Minh City before 2000,
so there is still a gap in this area From 2000 to 2015 when the cause of industrialization and modernization continued to be promoted, the market economy developed in the direction of socialism, globalization took place on a large scale, the global impact and fundamental transformation of the industrial workforce remains unclear
From the above reasons, we choose the topic "Changes of industrial workers in Ho Chi Minh City (2000-2015)" as the doctoral thesis in historical science
2 Research objectives and tasks
2.1 Research objectives
The purpose of the thesis is to clarify the changes of industrial workers working in export processing zones and industrial zones in Ho Chi Minh City The thesis gradually elucidates the impact of changes of industrial workers on a number of fields (economic, cultural - social, political, national defense and security) At the same time, the thesis contributes to raising awareness about the role of industrial workers in the economic development of the country in modern times
2.2 Tasks
First, an overview of the research situation directly related to the topic of the thesis
Thereby, we absorb and select previous works and identify the content that the thesis needs
to further clarify
Trang 5Secondly, the analysis of the characteristics of natural and socio-economic conditions
of Ho Chi Minh City affects the changes of industrial workers in Ho Chi Minh City (2000 - 2015)
Thirdly, from data sources, statistics the thesis reproduces and restores in an
objective and scientific way the changes in quantity, quality, material and spiritual life of public industrial workers in Ho Chi Minh City (2000 - 2015)
Fourth, draw salient features of these changes and their impacts on the economic,
cultural - social, political, defense and security fields in the sustainable development of the
Ho Chi Minh City
3 Subjects and scope of research
3.2 Research scope
The research content of the thesis on the changes of industrial workers in Ho Chi Minh City includes many constitutive factors, this is a problem with very broad connotations Within the scope of the thesis, we focus on four key issues in the transformation of industrial workers in Ho Chi Minh City in terms of quantity and structure, education level and technical expertise art, material and spiritual life of industrial workers, activities of trade unions
- About time: the thesis researched from 2000 to 2015, the year 2000 was chosen
because this is the year of the 7th Congress of the Party Committee of Ho Chi Minh City (December 2000), creating strong orientations for public development City Industry; The second is marking the time when Ho Chi Minh City ends the twentieth century and prepares
to enter a new era of the twenty-first century in the context of regional cooperation In 2015, the 9th Party Congress of Ho Chi Minh City ended, and at the same time, it aimed to evaluate the historical period in which the industrial workers had changes and the impact of the changes on the development General Ho Chi Minh City
- In space: industrial workers are working in export processing zones and industrial
zones in Ho Chi Minh City
Trang 64 Theoretical foundations, sources and methodology
4.1 Theoretical foundations
The thesis is based on the theoretical basis of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's thought and the lines, views and policies of the Vietnamese Party and State on the working class
On the basis of the theory of the Communist Party of Vietnam on the perspective of the working class in the period of accelerating industrialization, modernization and international integration, the thesis inherits to closely follow the study of changes in the world economy, industrial workers in Ho Chi Minh City from 2000 to 2015 According to the Party's view: “Vietnam's working class is a huge and growing social force including manual and labor workers, intellectual activity, salaried work in the production, business and industrial services or production, business and services of an industrial nature”
We combined documentation work: using qualitative and quantitative methods to describe clearly the qualitative characteristics of these changes; combining the application
of statistical methods, comparison, fieldwork, survey
We conducted a survey on the material and spiritual life of industrial workers who are working in a number of enterprises operating in export processing zones and industrial parks in Ho Chi Minh City to see these changes clearly
- Political reports and summaries of the Party Committee, the People's Council, the People's Committee and departments and agencies in Ho Chi Minh City; documents
Trang 7published by the Ho Chi Minh City Statistics Office from 2000 to 2015, the Management Board of Export Processing Zones and Industrial Parks of Ho Chi Minh City This is a very important source of material as a basis for us to exploit, process and use in the thesis
- Research works, monographs, reference books, scientific research articles, theses Vietnamese working class, on the trend of change and development of workers in Ho Chi Minh City have been published, publications related to the topic This is a reference to help
us compare and contrast with the research results of the thesis
- Resources on the websites of the Government, Departments, Departments, Branches, newspapers and media in Ho Chi Minh City reported and data was collected through our field survey
5 New contributions to the science of the thesis
5.2 In terms of practice
- The results of the thesis are the scientific basis to provide reference for policy makers
to develop industrial workers in export processing zones and industrial zones in Ho Chi Minh City
- The thesis may be a source of materials for research, compilation and teaching of social science subjects related to the Vietnamese working class in general, and the industrial workers of Ho Chi Minh City in particular
6 Thesis structure
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, references and appendices, the thesis content is presented in 4 chapters:
Chapter 1: Overview of resources and the situation of studying problem
Chapter 2: Changes of industrial workers in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of industrialization - modernization (2000-2007)
Chapter 3: Changes of industrial workers in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of accelerating industrialization - modernization and international integration (2008-2015) Chapter 4: Some comments on the changes of industrial workers in Ho Chi Minh City (2000 - 2015)
Trang 8CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF RESOURCES AND THE SITUATION OF STUDYING
PROBLEM 1.1 Research works related to the topic
1.1.1 These studies refer to the theoretical basis of the concept of the working class
Working class concept
As a part of the modern working class, the Vietnamese working class also has the following basic characteristics: the working class forms and develops along with the development of industrial production - that is, material production labor associated with modern industrial processes, is the basic and advanced production force of society; have basic interests consistent with the basic interests of the working people and the nation; is the class with advanced ideology, science is Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh ideology, the vanguard is the Communist Party of Vietnam; has a high sense of organization and discipline, and has a radically revolutionary spirit; capable of organizing and leading the nation to carry out the revolutionary process towards socialism However, the Vietnamese working class in the period of renovation and integration has its own characteristics compared with the working class in the nineteenth century; or the early years of the twentieth century, or in terms of the working class in highly developed capitalist countries
On the basis of deeply grasping and creatively applying theoretical and methodological views of Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's ideology and our Party on the concept of the working class, broadening the scope of the working class, consult more or less related opinions of domestic and foreign scientists In this thesis, we follow the view of the Party: “The Vietnamese working class is a huge and growing social force, including manual and mental workers, wage earners and wage earners in the types of production, business and industrial services or production, business and services of an industrial nature” The concept of industrial worker mentioned in this thesis is an employee who is working in the industrial production industries (mechanical, electronic, plastic chemical, textile, service, food, building materials), packaging, leather, household appliances, jewelry), of an industrial nature, which we base on the statistical list of occupations of the Management Board of Export Processing Zones and Industrial Parks of Ho Chi Minh City grant
Approach to industrial workers' changes
The concept of change: is the most common form of existence of all things and phenomena Transformation includes all movements and interactions, the transition from one state to another; is a verb used to show a change to something before" According to this concept, we think that change means that things and phenomena in the process of movement and development have changed, and at the same time, there are new manifestations and characteristics that are added or removed compared with the previous time Below, we
Trang 9approach the changes of industrial workers in Ho Chi Minh City from 2000 to 2015 in the historical context of objective and subjective reality in which the city is gradually transforming to integrate with the international economy, globalization process, global supply chain…
1.1.2 Working class research project group
Research works on the working class have been translated into Vietnamese
Some classic works include: “C Marx and Ph Engels Complete” consists of 50
volumes published by the National Political Publishing House, The Truth is translated based
on the Russian version of the complete collection of C Marx and Ph Engels and a number
of instructional documents issued by the Institute of Marxism-Leninism of the Soviet Union
(formerly); The "Complete Lenin" published by Progressive Publishing House, Moscow has
explained the development movement of society In particular, the working class in the stage of craft-site capitalism is fragmented, dispersed in production, and structurally heterogeneous, which has hindered the "perfecting" of production relations Those struggles
of the workers were still spontaneous The new stage of the development of the working class is closely associated with the development of capitalism in industry, marked by the industrial revolution at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century When the industrial working class appeared In this period, the industrial working class was fundamentally different from the wage workers of the manual construction period, who were directly producers completely separate from the means of production Thus, the works
of C Marx and Ph Engels and Lenin are considered theoretical bases when studying the
world working class
Research projects on the working class in the Vietnam
The leader Ho Chi Minh in the "Complete Ho Chi Minh" published by the national political publishing house in 2000, a collection of Ho Chi Minh's articles on research on the Vietnamese working class, Ho Chi Minh said that: “Only the working class is the bravest, the most revolutionary, always courageously facing the colonial imperialists With the pioneering revolutionary theory and experience of the international proletariat movement, our working class has proved to be the worthiest and reliable leader of the Vietnamese people”; He especially emphasized the role of workers in the industrial sector, this is the main force, representing the working class, “the key of that class is the workers in factories such as: factories, mines, trains Handicraft workers, shop workers, farmers also belong
to the working class But only technology workers fully represent the character of the working class”
The work “Working class in capitalist developed countries from the end of the cold war to the present - the current situation and prospects" analyzed the Marxist-Leninist
Trang 10conception of the working class, the new context of the modern era influence on the working class in developed capitalist countries That is the development of modern science - technology; globalization trend; the development of the knowledge economy; adjustments
of the bourgeoisie and the capitalist state; the change of the world situation after the cold war and the movement of communist and workers' movements in developed capitalist countries; social democratic movement On that basis, analyze the actual situation of the working class in the capitalist developed countries from 1991 up to now in terms of: changes in quantity, structure, quality; level of enlightenment, organization and choice of the path of peaceful democratic revolution From there, it points out the basic characteristics and prospects of the working class in developed capitalist countries in the next two decades, still being the "spiritual driving force, intellectual and moral strength", the executor of the working class, transition from capitalism to socialism From there, the meaning is drawn for the construction of the Vietnamese working class today
1.1.3 Group of research projects on the Vietnamese working class
When researching about the Vietnamese working class in the pre- and
post-renovation period, historians with elaborate research works must be mentioned Typically, two massive works (nearly 2000 pages) of the late Professor Tran Van Giau: "Vietnamese working class - Its formation and development from the "self" class to the self-serving class"and “The Vietnamese working class from the founding of the Communist Party to the successful August revolution” In each work, the author dedicates a chapter to describe in detail the life of the working class under the colonial - feudal regime, showing very bad working and living conditions such as: Working hours are too long, wages, famine, widespread unemployment, widespread abuse and abuse, illness and tragic death However, due to the author's research scope, it is limited to about approx, the period from the birth of the working class to the August Revolution in 1945, so these two works cannot speak of the cultural life and the transformation of the working class under the new regime Criticizing the Party's distortion of the working class nature, the article "Discussing the so-called criticism of the working class nature of the Vietnamese Communist Party", gave arguments to criticize the wrong view, antiscientific of the opinions that oppose the working class nature of the Party According to the author, in order to maintain and improve the class nature of the Party, it is necessary to be consistent in the goals and ideals of socialism and communism; the Party's ideological foundation is Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's Ideology; The close relationship between the Party and the people must be firmly consolidated
Regarding the need for new research on the working class today, the authors: Nguyen Trong Chuan in the article "The need for basic research on the working class in the
Trang 11development process of contemporary history" and Mach Quang Thang in the article
"Research and development of theory on the Vietnamese working class" both pose many new problems about the current approach to the working class On the basis of analyzing the point of view of Marxism - Leninism, the authors give scientific evidences and arguments about the necessity of having a new awareness of the working class today, when the knowledge economy is manifesting and developing very quickly in the era of globalization Thereby, the authors believe that it is necessary to organize research on the current Vietnamese working class in a systematic and comprehensive manner
1.1.4 Group of research works on change of industrial workers in Vietnam and
industrial workers in Ho Chi Minh City
Research works on change of Vietnamese industrial workers
In the work "The trend of changes in the working class in Vietnam in the early years of the 21st century" has collected many articles by many authors discussing the changing trend
of the working class in our country in the process of promoting economic growth industrialization, modernization and international integration In particular, the content mainly focuses on issues such as: characteristics, current situation and solutions to building the Vietnamese working class today Objective and subjective factors affecting the transformation of the working class in Vietnam Political consciousness of the working class
in our country - manifestations, status and trends Globalization and the changing trends of the working class Challenges to the changing trend of the Vietnamese working class in the early years of the 21st century
Regarding the cultural and spiritual life of the working class, in the works: "Building and developing the cultural life of the Vietnamese working class - some theoretical and practical issues"; "Building a cultural lifestyle of Vietnamese workers - theory and practice" has mentioned the theoretical basis, methodology of studying culture and cultural life, lifestyle and cultural lifestyle of Vietnamese workers, working class according to the point
of view of Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's thought and our Party Analysis of some factors affecting the cultural life of the working class in the process of Đổi mới and international integration such as the impact of the development of a socialist-oriented market economy, the democratic process improves social life, expand cultural exchanges and cooperation with countries around the world Regarding the current situation of cultural life of the Vietnamese working class, which is diverse and rich, there are still many limitations, difficulties and inadequacies in the cultural living conditions of workers leading
to "poor" about culture On that basis, the authors put forward a number of requirements for improving the cultural life for the working class such as: creating more jobs, increasing income, improving the conditions of food and clothing, living, living; requirements on
Trang 12building family happiness; improve the education and skills for workers; promoting democracy in workers' lives From there, the authors offer views and solutions to build and improve the cultural life for the Vietnamese working class today
Bui Thi Thanh Ha with the project "Industrial workers in joint-venture enterprises in our country in the Đổi mới period" approached from the perspective of sociology, economics, studying innovation and group formation, industrial workers in joint-venture enterprises Characteristics of this group of workers in terms of structure, working conditions, social relations, activities, relationships outside the enterprise and a number of related issues On that basis, the author makes the conclusion that workers in joint-venture enterprises are mostly female workers; the relationship between workers has changed over time in order to adapt to the new mechanism; basically trade unions play an active role; Activities and relationships outside the enterprise are affected by working time and income
at the enterprise In addition, the author points out that there are problems with industrial workers in Vietnam such as: the problem of shifting the quality of labor resources; labor management issues; The issue of gender imbalance in enterprises needs to be researched
Works related to the changes of industrial workers in Ho Chi Minh City
The doctoral thesis of Vietnamese history by Dao Quang Trung "Changes of industrial workers in Ho Chi Minh City (1975 - 1995)" has summarized the situation of the workers' struggle movement before 1975 The thesis has analyzed and given statistics on the situation of the workforce according to the annals: period 1 (1975 - 1985) when the country was still in the subsidy period, the shutdown had an impact on the quantity and structure During the period from 1986 to 1995 when the country carried out renovation and expansion of the market economy, this time had profound changes in all aspects Tran Van Than doctoral thesis on Vietnamese history on "The development of the workforce of Ho Chi Minh City in the period 1986 – 2000, Through the practice of District Three" is presented according to the content of the problem, the author analyzed the development of the workforce of Ho Chi Minh City from 1986 to 2000, including explaining the process of change in the number and structure of the workforce At the same time, the author of the thesis outlines the characteristics and analyzes the development trend of the workforce in the period 1986 to 2000 The Doctorate of Philosophy thesis by Nguyen Khanh Van " The trend of the worker’s class in Ho Chi Minh city during the present period", the author of the thesis has explained the general theoretical issues of the industrial transfer certificate, the trend of the change of the industrial certificate in the current era, the survey of the current situation and trend of the change of the industrial in Ho Chi Minh City The factors affecting the changing trend of industrial transference in the city and the problems arising
Trang 13from those trends, identify directions and propose some key solutions to build building and promoting the active role of workers in Ho Chi Minh City in the current period
The Doctor of Philosophy thesis of Tran Thi Nhu Quynh "Intellectual workers in Ho Chi Minh City in the period of accelerating industrialization and modernization", stated new concepts of the modern Vietnamese working class, which deeply mentions about knowledge workers with their own characteristics and situation in Ho Chi Minh City in the process of industrialization and modernization of the country At the same time, the author of the thesis has presented the current situation and solutions for the knowledge workers in the integration period and the role of the knowledge workers in the general development of the City
1.2 The thesis issues inherited from the above studies
From the studies mentioned above, the following can be drawn:
Firstly, the works and articles have studied the working class in general, the
Vietnamese working class and the industrial workers in Ho Chi Minh City in particular in many aspects both in theory and practice, farewell In which, there are a number of very elaborate works, in-depth analysis, referring to the birth and development of the working class in association with the development of the international communist and workers' movements Many works have mentioned the point of view of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's thought on the working class and the application and development of our Party's theory in the process of building a team of workers in Ho Chi Minh City In particular, the city is a large industrial center, the locomotive for the development of the southern economic region
Second, many research works mention the development trend of Ho Chi Minh City's
workers through specific periods Objective and subjective factors have clearly affected the changes of industrial workers, including team structure, quantity, quality These are references for us to clarify the substance of The process of industrialization and modernization, the development of the market economy, especially the international integration of Ho Chi Minh City, affects the changes of the industrial workers
Third, many works investigate the cultural and material life of the Vietnamese
working class and the workers of Ho Chi Minh City in the process of industrialization, modernization and international integration These research results are valuable references for the author to use as a basis for analyzing changes in the material and spiritual life of industrial workers in Ho Chi Minh City
1.3 Issues to be clarified
Firstly, the thesis presents and continues to clarify the factors affecting the changes of
industrial workers in Ho Chi Minh City from 2000 to 2015