BÀI THI TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH MODES OF TRANSPORTS

BÀI THI TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH MODES OF TRANSPORTS. CHAPER 1 – INTRODUCTION CHAPER 1 – INTRODUCTION 2 1. Reason for choosing the topic 2 CHAPTER 2 CONTENT OF THE TOPIC 2.1. Roadways 2.2. Railways 2.3. Water transport 2.4. Air transport.

BÀI THI TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN

NGÀNH

ĐỀ TÀI:

MODES OF TRANSPORTS

CHAPER 1 – INTRODUCTION 2

1 Reason for choosing the topic 2

CHAPTER 2 - CONTENT OF THE TOPIC 2

2.1 Roadways 3

2.1.1 Function 3

2.1.2 Disadvantages 4

2.2 Railways 4

2.2.1 Advantages 4

2.2.2 Disadvantages 5

2.3 Water transport 5

2.3.1 Advantages 6

2.3.2 Disadvantages 6

2.4 Air transport 6

2.4.1 Advantages 6

2.4.2 Disadvantages 7

CHAPTER 3 – CONCLUSION 7

CHAPER 1 – INTRODUCTION

1 Reason for choosing the topic

Delivery activities of goods are associated and have an essential role for life and respond to carry and delivery activity That is the reason why transportation does not only have an important responsibility in improving people's lives but also has a responsibility in distributing and circulating goods

Cargo transportation is closely associated and plays an essential role in human life Every day if people travel by road

or air, consumer goods at markets or supermarkets will be transported by sea or by road Raw materials for production are transported from the raw material area to the production site by car, train, ship, etc All of these activities are related to transportation

It is the truth that more and more people who moving or transporting by modes of transport with the status of participant or carrier However, just not a lot of people can know exactly the definition and the type of modes of transportation which be used nowadays

So, let's comprehend with me to learn more about the modes

of transport which be used nowadays

CHAPTER 2 - CONTENT OF THE TOPIC

Transportation is one of the largest industries in the world It refers to the movement of products and raw materials from

one destination to another This process begins with the

supply chain to the shipping of the finished product to the

consumer

Transportation is a key element in the logistic chain It joins together those components that are considered to be separated Transportation systems connect supply chain components and must be properly managed and controlled for transportation

and logistics to work together successfully This means

complete visibility and strong communication between all

members of the chain The success of any supply chain can be judged by its transportation management Transportation and logistics can account for as much as 7-14% of sales,

depending on the industry

Logistics and the transportation of goods are very diverse

and complex industries Shippers rely on overseas shipping, air transportation, and ground delivery to move freight It

involves many shipping modes or different types of

transportation and ways of shipping goods Sometimes, it may

be challenging for a company to choose the right mode of

transportation to reach the best result It can be especially

difficult if you are new to domestic or global shipping

However, knowing the differences and benefits of each

transportation method will help you define the option that will work best for you

So, What Are The Modes Of Transportation In Logistics?

There are various forms of transportation, but when it comes

to freight shipping, there are several main transportation

methods in the freight industry:

- Roadways

- Railways

- Water transport

- Air transport

2.1 Roadways.

The first, and most common mode of transportation in

logistics, is the road From walking to horses to wagons to

bikes to cars to trucks, road transportation has been around

longer than mode and is utilized the most of any mode in

logistics

With the continued improvement of vehicles and road

infrastructure, transportation by road is the most versatile of the four main modes with the least geographical constraints This attribute of road transport makes it the preferred mode

for smaller loads over shorter distances and as such, road is

the only mode that performs door-to-door deliveries

Consequently, most shipments that initially were carried by

another mode of transportation are completed by road

transportation

2.1.1 Function

Anything that can be shipped in small-to-medium quantities

can be shipped by road Small packages (or Parcels) can be

transported in a vehicle no larger than a personal car

Companies specializing in ecommerce ship parcels when

there are hundreds, if not thousands, of small packages being shipped to different locations (Parcel is often made up of

different modes of transportation, but always picked up and

delivered by truck) On the flipside, shipments larger than

150lbs are considered freight and require a truck The two

main forms of road transport are Less-than-Truck-load (LTL) and Truck Load (TL).

Less-than-Truck-load(LTL)

Truck load(TL)

Content

LTL transports smaller shipments (primarily palletized shipments)

to their respective locations along a specified route The route begins and ends

at a specified hub of origin and makes various stops according to the number of different shipments it is

carrying This system

of transportation is known as the Hub and Spoke model

TL (also called FTL) refers to a full truckload Freight is loaded into a semi-trailer that is

between 25-50 feet long TL shipments require a lot of freight to make this shipping option

economical

Advantages

The advantage of LTL

is that the shipper only pays for the portion of the truck occupied by their freight while the rest is payed for by the shippers using the rest

of the truck

When a large amount of goods are being shipped,

TL is definitely the more economic shipping method

Disadvantage The disadvantage of The drawback to

LTL is the multiple stops and transfers that the shipment

undergoes en route to its destination A

shipment will be transferred multiple times to different trucks along the route

TL is that a shipper must ship a lot of freight in order to make the shipment economical

2.1.2 Disadvantages.

The main downside to road transport is the external

influences that play into its effectiveness, primarily weather, traffic, and road regulations, three things that mostly don’t

influence other modes In addition to these drawbacks, in the current shipping environment it has become increasingly

difficult to find truck drivers This capacity shortage has led to

an increase in intermodal transportation

2.2 Railways.

First invented for use in the early 19th century, rail transport quickly became vital for the expansion of the western world and has played a pivotal role in the realm of logistics for over two centuries In modern practice, rail is used more

exclusively for the largest and heaviest payloads (bulk cargo) traveling across the land The vast majority of railway

infrastructure connects highly populated areas with large

unpopulated strips of land between them making rail ideal for long-distance and cross country hauls

Rail service focuses on efficiently moving bulk material

across great distances over the railroads’ vast network of

tracks running throughout everywhere Since rail service has

to stay on the tracks, they can only move between rail-served buildings or yards specific for the bulk freight is intended to handle

Unlike intermodal, rail service is not a direct competitor to

truckload on price or transit The service is much different

and therefore not for everyone, but when it is a fit for bulk

material, there are tremendous cost savings

Essentially, any company that needs to move heavy, bulk

material consistently is a great candidate to use the railroad

for its logistics requirements, although one often overlooked opportunity for companies is to use rail logistics services for bulk special project needs

2.2.1 Advantages

- The greatest advantage of the railway transport is that it is

the most dependable mode of transport as it is the least

affected by weather conditions such as rains, fog etc

compared to other modes of transport

- The rail transport is better organised than any other form of transport It has fixed routes and schedules Its service is more certain, uniform and regular as compared to other modes of

transport

- Its speed over long distances is more than any other mode of transport, except airways Thus, it is the best choice for long distance traffic

- Railway transport is economical, quicker and best suited for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances

- It is a cheaper mode of transport as compared to other modes

of transport Most of the working expenses of railways are in the nature of fixed costs Every increase in the railway traffic

is followed by a decrease in the average cost Rail transport is economical in the use of labour also as one driver and one

guard are sufficient to carry much more load than the motor

transport

- Railway is the safest form of transport The chances of

accidents and breakdowns of railways are minimum as

compared to other modes of transport Moreover, the traffic

can be protected from the exposure to sun, rains, snow etc

- The carrying capacity of the railways is extremely large

Moreover, its capacity is elastic which can easily be increased

by adding more wagons

2.2.2 Disadvantages

- The railway requires is a large investment of capital The

cost of construction, maintenance, and overhead expenses are very high as compared to other modes of transport

- Lack of flexibility Railway routes and timings cannot be

adjusted to individual requirements

- Railway transport is unsuitable and uneconomical for short distances and small traffic of goods

- It involves much time and labour in booking and taking

delivery of goods through railways as compared to motor

transport

2.3 Water transport.

Shipping by water has been practiced for thousands of years and remains pivotal to today’s global trade 90% of all

international trade is accomplished through maritime

transportation Cargo ships travel on almost every major body

of water and have the capacity to transport the highest volume

of freight of any mode of transportation at the lowest cost

The routes available to container ships are calculated and

strictly followed Many routes used today have been used for centuries However, new routes are still being sought out and tested for optimal supply chain efficiency

2.3.1 Advantages.

- Maintenance cost in rail and road transport is quite high but maintenance cost of water transport is quite less

- The transport channel is quite cheap as compared to rail and road transport

- Heavy and bulky goods can be transported easily at little

cost through water transport

- During natural calamities like floods and rains, when rail

and road transport is disrupted, transportation operations can

be operated through water transport

2.3.2 Disadvantages.

- It is a slow means of transport Failure of monsoon results

into fall in the water level of rivers making navigation

difficult

- Water transport is more risky as compared to other means

because there is always danger of sinking ships or boats

- Air pollution The carbon emissions produced by one cargo ship are equivalent to the emissions produced by 50 million

cars

2.4 Air transport.

Air transport is the newest model of transportation

Airplanes are becoming increasingly important in domestic

and international trade With continually improving

technologies and practically unlimited route possibilities, air transportation is the fastest growing and most time-efficient

shipping mode

As air travel has become increasingly advanced and

dependable, more companies are trusting airplanes with high value freight and goods The increasing popularity of flight as

a preferred way to travel also makes shipping by air more

convenient as shipments regularly piggyback on passenger

planes, further making air an economic way to transport

goods

2.4.1 Advantages.

- Air transport is the fast speed means of transport Passengers and goods can be transported easily from one place to the

other

- Unlike railways and road transport, there is no need to spend money on the construction of any track or road, only airports have to be constructed

- It is quite convenient to send costly, light, and perishable

goods through air transport

- Air transport is free from physical barriers like rivers,

mountains and valleys, etc

2.4.2 Disadvantages.

- Air transport is a costly service Its operational costs are too high Middle class and poor people can not affect its cash

- Air transport is prone to accidents A small mistake can be

very dangerous for passengers

- Huge Investments For creating aviation facilities, huge

investments are required The cost of airplanes, construction and maintenance of aerodromes and control mechanisms

needs a capital expenditure

CHAPTER 3 – CONCLUSION

Transportation affects the quality of people's lives in many ways It is an essential activity in Logistics that provides

access services and activities like distributing, forwarding,

carrying, The quality of modes of transport affects people's ability to participate in social and economic activities

Each mode of transport has its advantage and disadvantage for its role in the process of the supply chain The operation of transportation determines the efficiency of distributing and

delivering goods from seller to buyer It optimizes all about

time, distance, speed, and cost, which helps not only the seller but also the buyer while trading By knowing what mode is

best for your company, you can make the decisions necessary

to grow your business and create a winning supply chain