NÂNG CAO SỨC KHỎE. GS TS BS Lê Hoàng Ninh

PowerPoint Presentation NÂNG CAO SỨC KHOỎE GS TS BS Lê Hoàng Ninh Định nghĩa nâng cao sức khoỎe  A planned combination of educational, political, regulatory, and organizational supports for actions a[.]

NÂNG CAO SỨC KHO ỎE

GS TS BS Lê Hoàng Ninh

Định nghĩa nâng cao sức kho Ỏe

 A planned combination of

educational, political, regulatory, and organizational supports for actions and conditions of living conducive to the health of

individuals, groups, or communities.

Green & Kreuter, 1999

Định nghĩa nâng cao sức kho Ỏe

 The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health…

 a commitment to dealing with

challenges of reducing inequities,

extending the scope of prevention, and helping people to cope with

their circumstances…

 creating environments conducive to health, in which people are better able to take care of themselves

WHO, 1986

NHỮNG ĐẶC TRƯNG CƠ BAỎN

CỦ ỎA NÂNG CAO SỨC KHOỎE

1 Enabling people to take control over,

and responsibility for, their health as

an important component of everyday life.

2 Requiring the close cooperation of

sectors beyond the health services.

3 Combining diverse, but

complimentary, methods or

approaches.

4 Encouraging effective and concrete

public participation The Working Group on Concepts and

Principles in Health Promotion, 1987

THE TRIAD OF HEALTH PROMOTION

The Health Promotion Triad

PHÒNG NGỪA BỆNH TẬT

BA CẤP ĐỘ

CẤP I (Primary)

CẤP II(Secondary)

CẤP III (Tertiary)

Rehabilitatio n

Support

Asymptomati c

signs

Functional Status

Symptoms and

signs

Diagnosis Treatment Complianc e

Adherence

Các giai đoạn phòng ngừa bệnh theo tiến trình tự nhiên của bệnh

Clinical Course of disease

Chronic disease

Cur e

Disability

Deat h

Phòng ngừa

cấp III

Phòng ngừa câấ p I (PRIMARY PREVENTION)

- Action taken to avert the

risk factor, the better

candidate it is for primary

prevention efforts

Simons-Morton, Greene, & Gottlieb, 1995

Phòng ngừa câấ p II

(SECONDARY PREVENTION)

- Action taken to identify

diseases at their earliest

stages

and to apply appropriate

treatments to limit their

consequences and severity.

J Thomas Butler, 2001

Phòng ngừa câấ p III

limiting the effects of their

diseases or disabilities; also

may

include activities to prevent recurrences of a disease.J Thomas Butler, 2001

Prevention

GIÁP DỤC SỨC KHO ỎE

conducive to healthJ Thomas Butler, 2001

GIÁO DỤC SỨC KHO ỎE

Learning Domains

Psychomotor Domain

 Aspect of health education that deals with skill acquisition and reinforcement

BA MỤC ĐÍCH CHÍNH CỦỎA GIÁO DỤC, NÂNG CAO SỨC KHO ỎE TƯƠNG ỨNG VỚI

- Maintenance of health while

coping with chronic,

long-term

conditions

Potter & Perry, 1993

1 Prevention

(Preventive Services):

 This domain includes primary

preventive measures, such as

immunization and exercise

programs, and secondary

preventive measures, such as pap smears, hypertension case-

finding, and smoking cessation

programs.

encourage the uptake of preventive services

3 Preventive policies

(Preventive Health

Protection)

 This sphere represents health

protection, including fluoridation

of public water supplies and

inspections of restaurants

 It can be viewed as a policy

commitment to the provision of

preventive services such as those described under domain 1

 Given that health protection

measures do not emerge

spontaneously, education of policy makers is important

 Example of this is the lobbying by

safety-conscious groups to

encourage mandated use of

automobile seat belts in the face of much public apathy

 Efforts to stimulate a social

environment that demands or

accepts preventive health

protection measures are also part

of this domain (Downie, Tannahill,

& Tannahill, 1996),

 As is a policy commitment to

preventive health education

5 Health education

(Positive Health

Education)

 This domain comprises all aspects

of positive health education,

including influencing behavior by helping individuals, groups, or

whole communities develop

positive health attributes, such as life skills and self-esteem

graduated drivers’ licenses, and commitment of public funds to provide safe-walking areas and bicycles paths

7 Policy support

(Health Education

Aimed At Positive

Health Protection)

 This domain embraces raising

awareness of, and securing

support for, positive health

protection measures among the

public and policy makers

 It includes a policy commitment to

positive health.

HEALTH PROTECTION

MISSION – reduce the likelihood

that people will encounter environmental hazards or

behave

in unsafe or unhealthy ways.

Downie, Tannahill, & Tannahill, 1996

 Dangerous Drugs Act

 Cheaper Medicine Bill

 Code of Sanitation of the

Philippines

Health Protection

 Disability Act

 Senior Citizens Law

 Child Protection Laws and Policies

 Clean Air Act

 MMDA Waste Management Policies

HEALTH PROMOTION

 Educational Interventions

 Organizational Interventions

 Political/ Legislative Interventions

 Community and Social

Interventions

 Economic Interventions

Educational Interventions

 Stress management classes for

middle-management employees in the workplace

 Mail-outs to the public describing

positive steps a person can take to

reduce exposure to HIV

 Educational programs designed to

reduce personal vulnerability to crime

 Primary school programs to develop

the skills to cope with peer pressure

Organizational Interventions

 Annual hearing and vision screening in schools

 Automobile, bicycle, and firearm safety programs

conducted by law enforcement agencies

 Identification of designated smoking areas and

development of a smoking policy in a worksite

 Official recognition by business management of

alcoholism as a disease and not a weakness in

character

 Development of support groups by nonprofit

organizations and facilities that provide services

to people with special needs

Political/ Legislative

Interventions

 Passage of laws requiring use of helmets

while riding motorcycles and bicycles

 Legislation requiring environmental

polluters to measure their pollution and implement effective plans to reduce the pollution

 Fluoridation of the water supply

 Regulations requiring agencies and

companies to monitor air pollution and governmental actions to reduce it

 Regulations aimed at reducing youth

access to tobacco products and alcohol

Community and Social

Interventions

 Organization and training of out of

school youth to reduce vulnerability

to sex or drug crimes

 Formation of neighborhood walking

clubs

 Health fairs at shopping malls

Economic Interventions

housing to encourage maintenance of

property and reduction of pest

infestation

those who practice healthy lifestyles

who stay healthy and do not miss work