Phát triển khu kinh tế một số nước châu Á và kinh nghiệm cho khu kinh tế Nam Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh Phát triển khu kinh tế một số nước châu Á và kinh nghiệm cho khu kinh tế Nam Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh Phát triển khu kinh tế một số nước châu Á và kinh nghiệm cho khu kinh tế Nam Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh Phát triển khu kinh tế một số nước châu Á và kinh nghiệm cho khu kinh tế Nam Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh Phát triển khu kinh tế một số nước châu Á và kinh nghiệm cho khu kinh tế Nam Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh Phát triển khu kinh tế một số nước châu Á và kinh nghiệm cho khu kinh tế Nam Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh Phát triển khu kinh tế một số nước châu Á và kinh nghiệm cho khu kinh tế Nam Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Trang 1VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
NGUYEN VIET DUNG
DEVELOPING ECONOMIC ZONES
IN SOME ASIAN COUNTRIES AND EXPERIENCES FOR THE SOUTHERN ECONOMIC ZONE OF HO CHI MINH CITY
Major: International Economics Major code: 9 31 01 06
SUMMARY OF DOCTOR DISSERTATION IN ECONOMICS
Hanoi - 2022
Trang 2The dissertation was completed at:
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Scientific supervisors:
1 Assoc Prof PhD Luu Ngoc Trinh
2 PhD Bui Thi Thuy Nhi
Reviewer 1: PGS.TS Nguyễn Việt Dũng
Reviewer 2: PGS.TS Trịnh Thị Hoa Mai
Reviewer 3: PGS.TS Doãn Kế Bôn
The dissertation will be defended at the Academy-level Committee of Doctoral dissertation assessment at Graduate Academy of Social Sciences, 477 Nguyen Trai Road, Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi
At _ date month 2022
The dissertation can be found at:
- Library of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences
- Vietnam National Library
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INTRODUCTION
1 Rationale of the research topic
Over the past five decades, the wave of development of economic zones (EZs) with various forms has been a widespread trend in the world Some Asian countries in recent years have also chosen to develop EZs as a breakthrough in the process of innovation, opening and integration After only a few decades, they have achieved miracles with the spectacularly successful development of some of the most famous Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in the world What has helped countries like China, South Korea, Malaysia to make the miraculous development with these admirable feats?
Vietnam has a strategic location in the Southeast Asia region, with a coastline of more than 3,260 km, with deep-water seaports, large coastal cities, which are very favorable for the development of Special Economic Zones, Special Economic - Administrative Zone In recent years, the movement to develop various types of EZs in Vietnam is not only a prominent highlight in the process of renovation, opening and integration, but also a key to create a great impetus for economic development for each locality, each region and the whole country However, due to the lack of necessary resources such as finance, human resources, technology especially the lack of proper and appropriate mechanisms and policies, our country has reformed for a long time to open the market yet still not developed an EZ at regional and global levels
Ho Chi Minh City is a special urban center - a major economic, cultural - social, educational, scientific and technological center of the country The city is also a hub for international exchange and integration (global
Trang 42 integration), a leading force with great attractiveness and pervasiveness to the Southern Key Economic Region (SEA), the Mekong Delta region and the whole country Over the years, Ho Chi Minh City has always been at the forefront in all breakthrough fields, creating a driving force for economic growth, making great contributions to the overall development of the country
However, in recent years, the economic growth of Ho Chi Minh City has been assessed as not commensurate with the position, role and potential of this city To truly be able to follow through on past successes, creating momentum to overcome barriers, and shaping frameworks for future success, Ho Chi Minh City needs to continue to make new breakthroughs The building and development of an EZ is also a good solution that can be chosen to achieve this goal
Currently, the Southern urban area of Ho Chi Minh City is considered as
a very dynamic development area of the city, with Tan Thuan Export Processing Zone - the first export processing zone of the nation, Phu My Hung model new urban area and Hiep Phuoc Port Industrial Park is gradually being formed The Southern part of the city is also assessed as having almost all the prerequisite conditions to build and develop into an
EZ The successful building and development of an EZ in the Southern region of Ho Chi Minh City requires a scientific theoretical basis, especially international practical experience of countries in the region with focus on developing countries with similar political, economic and development conditions to Vietnam The research question was posed
"Through the lens of scientific theory, what experiences of some Asian
Trang 53
countries are useful for Vietnam and what conditions are needed to apply those experiences?”
Stemming from the above practical requirements, PhD candidate chose
the topic " Developing economic zone in some Asian countries and experiences for the Southern Economic Zone of Ho Chi Minh City " as the
research topic for the doctoral dissertation, with the hope that this study will contribute to adding new research results in the theory and practice of
EZ development, providing policy makers, practitioners, and researchers with more information resources
2 Research purpose and objectives
- Overall research purpose: The dissertation aims to derive from the
study of international experiences and Vietnam’s actual conditions to propose practical solutions towards the successful building and development of the Southern Economic Zone of Ho Chi Minh City
- Specific research objectives:
To achieve the above purpose, the dissertation needs to complete the following specific research objectives:
+ To systematize a number of major theoretical and practical issues as a scientific basis for the building and development of economic zones, to indicate conditions and criteria for successful building and development of
an economic zone
+ To analyze and evaluate the actual situation of building and development of EZs in some Asian countries, to derive experiences in building and developing an EZ
+ To analyze and evaluate the capabilities and conditions of Ho Chi Minh City in general and the Southern area of Ho Chi Minh City in particular in
Trang 64 meeting the criteria for successful building and development of economic zones in this area
+ On that basis, to propose a number of perspectives, orientations and solutions for successful building and development of the Southern Economic Zone of Ho Chi Minh City
3 Research subject and study scope
- Research subject: To study theoretical and practical issues on the
building and development of economic zones worldwide, especially typical ones in some Asian countries, as well as necessary conditions for building and developing an economic zone in the Southern area of Ho Chi Minh City
- Study scope:
+ About time scope: The dissertation focuses on the timeline from the
1980s since China's first special economic zone was established
+ About space scope: Study in the Southern area of Ho Chi Minh City
and typical EZ in Asia such as Shenzhen Special Economic Zone (China), Incheon Free Economic Zone (South Korea) and Iskandar Special Economic Zone or South Johor Economic Zone - SJER (Malaysia)
+ About content scope: Since the development of an economic entity
cannot be successful, if the entity is not built on a good foundation; meaning in order to have a good economic entity, their development and building must always be implemented hand-in-hand, closely linked and interacting with each other Therefore, although the dissertation topic refers
to the development of the EZ, in fact the research will study not only the development but also the building of the EZ; in which emphasis is placed
on the study of the theoretical basis of the EZ, the practical study of the
Trang 75 building and development of some Asian EZs; and the conditions for the formation and development of an economic zone in the Southern area of
Ho Chi Minh City
4 Methodology and research methods
- Methodology and approach: The dissertation approaches the topic
through the theoretical lens of Marxism - Leninism: Dialectical Materialism, Historical Materialism and the theory of the disciplines: International Economics, Development Economics, Economic Geography, and Economic History in order to present the problem from the perspective of international experience with the aim at contributing to build
a practical basis for the successful development of the Southern Economic Zone of Ho Chi Minh City The dissertation will also combine theoretical research and summary on practical and international success and failure experiences, as well as the conditions for success and causes of failure of typical EZs in Asian countries
- Research methods:
In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the dissertation used
a combination of qualitative methods such as: literature review and systematizing method, case study method, comparative and synthetic methods, professional solution, score-board survey method
+ Literature review and systematizing method: Documents are collected, systemized and analyzed, combined with desk-based research to process information related to the following contents: The role of the EZ, experience in the building and development of the EZ and the conditions, capabilities of the Southern are of Ho Chi Minh City to build and develop
an EZ
Trang 86 + Case study method: The studied cases are some EZs in China, South Korea and Malaysia The studied contents in these cases are: Context of formation, process of building and developing EZs, experiences drawn from these EZs
+ Comparative method: In order to compare the current situation of the Southern area of Ho Chi Minh City with the conditions and ability to meet the success factors of an EZ, to compare the development experience of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, the Incheon Free Economic Zone and the Iskandar Special Economic Zone with the conditions of Ho Chi Minh City
+ Professional solution, score-board survey method: In order to develop the success criteria of an EZ and assess the degree of satisfaction of the success criteria of the Southern area of Ho Chi Minh City to develop into
an EZ This method is employed through surveys and actual interviews with officials and civil servants working in relevant departments, branches, districts, institutes/schools in Ho Chi Minh City The results of actual investigation, surveys and interviews are primary information processed by simple statistical methods with the mean value showing the level of satisfaction of the conditions and capabilities of the Southern region of Ho Chi Minh City to develop into an EZ
- Data collection methods:
In this study, the author used secondary data sources including statistics, reports of organizations, studies, documents, articles and reports presented
at conferences and seminars related to EZ policy and EZ development in some Asian countries and Vietnam Primary data is the results of investigation, surveys and actual interviews with experts who are officials
Trang 97 and civil servants working in departments/sectors, districts, institutes/universities related to the research content in Ho Chi Minh City
5 Main scientific contributions of the dissertation
- This dissertation argues that: EZs have a long history of formation, although they exist in many different forms, one thing in common is that they all enjoy specific preferential mechanisms and policies compared to the outside zones EZs have both positive and negative impacts, but EZ development is still a prominent trend in many countries, especially for developing economies in the world
- Developing a successful EZ can quickly create an economic and technological breakthrough for a region or a country, which can have a large spillover effect on the entire economy
- To successfully develop an EZ, it is necessary to meet basic factors, but determining success is still a matter of strong-enough institutions, demonstrated through political commitment with a supportive coalition; and policies with state intervention and private sector involvement
The success of an EZ is to achieve the initial set of objectives and to
satisfy the basic conditions: Firstly, to have a large-enough scale to be able
to gather enterprises in the same industry and in many industries, and at the same time ensure the best infrastructure to minimize costs, take advantage
of economies of scale and agglomeration Secondly, the selected location must be able to connect and create spillover effect Thirdly, human
resources are guaranteed in terms of quality and quantity
6 Theoretical and practical significance of the dissertation
The dissertation is a practical scientific research work with theoretical significance The paper has logically systematized basic theoretical issues
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on EZs and EZ development with important aspects The study has synthesized concepts and types of EZs through many different perspectives; identified objectives, connotations and factor determinants of the success or failure of the EZ
The dissertation also has practical value which is proven by: Assessing of the role, trends and practice of building and developing EZs worldwide; analyzing and deriving experience lessons from some Asian countries in building and developing EZs; and proposing oriented solutions towards the successful building and development of an EX in the Southern area of Ho Chi Minh City
7 Structure of the dissertation
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of abbreviations, list of references, appendices and list of tables, figures the dissertation is structured into 4 chapters with specific contents as follows:
Chapter 1 Literature review on research works related to the dissertation topic Chapter 2 Theoretical and practical basis for the building and
development of economic zones
Chapter 3 Situation of building and developing economic zones in Asian
countries
Chapter 4 Some solutions for building and developing the Southern
Economic Zone of Ho Chi Minh City
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Chapter 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ON RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO
THE DISSERTATION TOPIC 1.1 Studies related to the role of economic zones
Types of EZs have increasingly played a positive role in the economic development of each country and region EZs not only contribute to the growth through promoting trade, investment and development, but also participate in solving labor problems, creating jobs and stabilizing society Today, the EZ is also a tool for testing reform policies and attracting and transferring new technologies
1.2 Studies related to the experience of building and developing economic zones of Asian countries
Asian countries have built and developed EZs in a variety of ways There are many domestic and foreign research works related to the topic of the building and development of EZs in Asian countries These studies have achieved many important results from both theory and practice viewpoints
1.3 Researches related to policies, orientations and experiences in building and developing economic zones in Vietnam
Recently, researches and articles on EZs in Vietnam have developed strongly since the establishment of EZs attracted the attention of researchers, policy makers and the public In term of content, these studies mainly analyze the policies, orientations, factors affecting the success or failure of various types of EZs in Vietnam in recent years, as well as summarize many foreign experiences to develop EZs in Vietnam
1.4 Overview of previous studies
1.4.1 Scientifically agreed issues
Trang 1210 (i) EZs in the world have existed for a long time, through many forms, today's free EZs are considered as a form of modern EZs Today's free EZs are not merely an area with concentration on production and trade, but it has a broader connotation as an area with special institutions applied to create a business and appealing living environment to attract resources for growth
(ii) EZ development has been a common trend of countries around the world, especially of developing economies The development of EZs is an important policy in reform, integration and development of governments and localities However, the development of EZs for each country and each locality may have different specific goals such as: Piloting reforms, attracting FDI, transferring technology, creating jobs, or participating more deeply into the regional and global production networks In general, no matter what goal they come from, they ultimately work towards the common goal of integration, reform and development
(iii) The developing process of industrial zones and EZs in Vietnam in
recent years is necessary, appropriate, and positively affects the process of economic restructuring and poverty reduction However, in the past time, industrial zones and EZs still have certain limitations such as: Technology content is still low, the suitability of industries in investment structure is not high; Localities and investors in the development of industrial park infrastructure still give priority to attracting investment to fulfill the industrial zones; The industry linkage of enterprises and supporting industries in industrial zones and economic zones is still weak
(iv) The conditions to ensure the success of an EZ are: Selecting an
appropriate construction site is a prerequisite for success; Developing EZ
Trang 1311 must build a strong-enough institution with outstanding points, having a good plan, including the plan for building, development, advertising campaign; The EZ must ensure an attractive and low-cost investment environment; Operation and management of EZs should be agile and compact; The EZ must be well guaranteed in terms of infrastructure and services; and Making good linkages with the inland In addition, studies also consider strong political support from the government along with involvement of the private sector as a determining factor for success
framework or design a model (3) There is no research on model of
building and development of EZs for a province/city like Ho Chi Minh City
Therefore, the problem needs to continue to focus on solving: (1)
Systematize the theoretical and practical basis of EZ development in the
current conditions and situation (2) Analyze and assess the actual situation
of the development of an EZ in the southern area of Ho Chi Minh City (3)
Propose orientations, models, methods, and solutions for the building and development of the Southern EZ of Ho Chi Minh City in the current situation
1.5 Further research directions of the dissertation
(1) To successfully build and develop an EZ, what conditions have Asian countries created? (2) What have Asian countries done and how to